寒假讲义05 可数名词与不可数名词（巩固培优）-2026年八年级英语（全国通用）（含答案）

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寒假作业05 可数名词与不可数名词
可数名词与不可数名词
普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
一、可数名词
定义：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
注意：可数名词可以用具体的数词来修饰，也可以用“数词＋计量名词 ＋ f ＋ 可数名词的复数形式”来表示。如：three apples三个苹果；tw bags f watermelns两袋西瓜
① 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个:a banana
② 指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式:
其复数形式在词尾加-s/es(特殊情况除外) tw bananas
名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：
【巧学妙记】
【注】以 结尾的名词，加es 的有
【记】 黑人（Negr → Negres） 英雄 （her →heres ）
爱吃土豆（Ptat → ptates） 和西红柿 （tmat →tmates）
【注】以 结尾的名词，加s 的有
【记】 我听广播(radi→ radis)， 也看到电视录像( vide→ vides)，
说动物园( z→ z)里的袋鼠(kangar→ kangars) 弹着钢琴(pian→ pians)吸引游客来照相
（二） 不规则变化
【单复数同形】： 1.sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形
2. peple单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；
【单复数不同形】：
1. child → children
2. man → men wman → wmen pliceman → plicemen (规律：man → men)
3. ft → feet tth → teeth
二、不可数名词：
（一） 定义：不能按个数来计算的名词，叫不可数名词。
注意：不可数名词没有复数形式，表示量时用“数词 ＋ 计量名词 ＋ f ＋ 不可数名词”结构。如：a cup f milk一杯牛奶
（二）、 不可数名词的用法：
1.不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和a/an连用；
2. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
The fd is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
不可数名词表示量的概念，有两种方式：
（1）用much, a little , a lt f/ lts f. sme , any 等表示多少
I dn’t want any advice, I want sme infrmatin
(2) 用a piece f 这类短语：
a bttle f range, a glass f water/milk, a cup f tea.
如果要表示“两杯茶” “三杯水”等概念时，在容器后加复数
注意：
可数名词的量可以用hw many提问；不可数名词的量可以用hw much提问。
sme，any，a lt f，lts f等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。
既是可数名词，又是不可数名词。
（1）fish用作可数名词，指鱼的条数时单数和复数形式相同，如：ne fish一条鱼，tw fish两条鱼；指鱼的种类时其复数形式为fishes，如：tw fishes 两种鱼。fish用作不可数名词时，意思是＂鱼肉＂。
（2）rm用作可数名词时意思是＂房间＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂空间；余地＂。
☞ We had better find a rm t live in. 我们最好找个房间住下。
☞ Can yu make rm fr the ld wman, yung man? 年轻人，你能给老太太让个地方吗?
（3）chicken用作可数名词时意为＂(小)鸡＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂鸡肉＂。
（4）range用作可数名词时意为＂橘子，橙子＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂橘汁，橙汁＂。
（5）hair用作可数名词时指＂单根的(人或动物的)毛发＂；用作不可数名词时指＂毛发＂的总称。
（6）wrk用作可数名词时意为＂著作；作品＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂工作；职业＂。
（7）exercise用作可数名词时意为＂练习；作业；体操＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂运动，(体育)锻炼＂。
（8）time用作可数名词时意为＂次数，倍数＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂时间＂。
（9）glass用作可数名词时意为＂玻璃杯＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂玻璃＂。
（10）paper用作可数名词时意为＂考卷，论文，报纸＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂纸，纸张＂。
三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型
1．Mm bught sme ________ and vegetables. She als needs t buy tw bttles f ________.
A．ptats; milkB．ptates; milks
C．ptates; milkD．ptats; milks
【答案】C
【详解】句意：妈妈买了一些土豆和蔬菜。她还需要买两瓶牛奶。
考查名词单复数。ptats拼写错误；milk牛奶，不可数名词，无复数形式；ptates土豆，复数形式；milks拼写错误。根据“sme”可知，第一空应用名词复数，ptat的复数形式是ptates；根据“tw bttles f”可知，第二空应用不可数名词milk。故选C。
2．—I want t make stir-fried eggs and tmates. ________ sugar d I need?
—Yu need ________ sugar.
A．Hw many; tw spns fB．Hw much; tw spn f
C．Hw much; tw spns fD．Hw many; tw spn f
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我想做西红柿炒鸡蛋。我需要多少糖？ ——你需要两勺糖。
考查不可数名词的询问方式和名词复数用法。Hw many多少，用于询问可数名词的数量；Hw much多少/多少钱，用于询问不可数名词的数量或询问价格。第一空，此处询问“糖”的数量，sugar“糖”是不可数名词，应用hw much询问不可数名词的数量；第二空，此处指“两勺”，spn“匙，勺”为可数名词，表示“两勺”时需用复数形式spns。故选C。
3．Our English teacher gave us sme ________ n hw t remember new wrds better.
A．suggestinB．suggestinsC．ideaD．advices
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们的英语老师就如何更好地记住新单词给了我们一些建议。
考查名词的可数性和单复数形式。suggestin建议，可数名词单数；suggestins建议，可数名词复数；idea想法；advices表达错误。sme后需接可数名词复数或不可数名词，suggestin为可数名词，故用复数形式；advice不可数，不能加-s。故选B。
4．—Mum, I’m hungry.
—There are ________ n the table. Yu can have ne.
A．tw applesB．tw appleC．an appleD．a apple
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——妈妈，我饿了。——桌子上有两个苹果。你可以吃一个。
考查there be句型的主谓一致和名词的单复数形式。tw apples是复数形式；tw apple中“apple”未用复数形式；an apple为单数形式；a apple冠词使用错误。“There are”后面需接复数名词。故选A。
5．Five internatinal students frm ur grup. Tw f them are ________ and three f them are ________.
A．Japaneses; Germen B．Japanese; Germen C．Japanese; GermansD．Japaneses; German
【答案】C
【详解】句意：五个国际学生组成了我们的小组。其中两个是日本人，三个是德国人。
考查名词复数。Japanese日本人，单复数同形；German德国人，复数为Germans。结合选项可知，C符合。故选C。
6．Su Bingtian became ne f ________ in Asia.
A．the fastest runner B．the fastest runners C．faster runners D．the faster runners
【答案】B
【详解】句意：苏炳添成为亚洲最快的跑者之一。
考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知，此处是“ne f+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，表示“最……之一”，因此这里应用the fastest runners。故选B。
7．—There ________ n salt at hme. Remember t buy ________ this afternn.
—OK, Dad!
A．is; tw bags f saltB．is; tw bag f salt
C．are; tw bag f saltD．are; tw bags f salt
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——家里没有盐了。记得今天下午买两袋盐。——好的，爸爸！
考查there be句型和不可数名词数的表达。第一空，根据“ salt at hme.”可知，此句是there be句型，表示“有”，be动词的形式遵循“就近原则”，salt是不可数名词，因此be动词用is，故排除C和D；第二空，两袋盐的英文表达为“tw bags f salt”，bag是可数名词，此处应用复数形式，salt是不可数名词。故选A。
8．Yu shuld put ________ and a cup f ygurt int the blender.
A．tw teaspn f sugarB．a teaspn f sugar
C．tw teaspns f sugarsD．a teaspn f sugars
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你应该往搅拌器里放入一勺糖和一杯酸奶。
考查不可数名词和数量的表达。sugar是不可数名词，表示“一勺糖”时，应用a teaspn f sugar；选项A中tw teaspn f sugar的teaspn未用复数形式，错误；选项C和D中sugars使用了复数形式，但sugar不可数，不能加-s，错误。故选B。
9．It will be ________ tmrrw, s there will be a lt f ________ tmrrw.
A．rain; rainB．rainy; rainC．rain; rainyD．rainy; rainy
【答案】B
【详解】句意：明天将会是有雨的，所以明天将会有很多雨。
考查形容词和名词用法。rain动词，下雨；名词，雨水；rainy形容词，有雨的。第一空前有be动词，且根据语境可知，第一空是描述明天的天气情况，所以第一空应该用形容词rainy；根据第二空前的“a lt f”可知，第二空应该用名词rain，意为“很多雨水”。故选B。
10．My mm was carrying sme ________ at that time.
A．pieces f paperB．piece f paperC．pieces f papersD．pieces paper
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我妈妈那时正拿着几张纸。
考查不可数名词数量的表达。paper纸，是不可数名词，故排除C项；piece片，张，是可数名词，前面有sme修饰时，piece要用复数形式pieces，pieces f paper几张纸，符合题意。故选A。
11．It’s time t have lunch. I’d like t have sme ________ and ________.
A．chicken; vegetableB．chickens; vegetables
C．chicken; vegetablesD．chickens; vegetable
【答案】C
【详解】句意：到吃午饭的时间了。我想吃一些鸡肉和蔬菜。
考查名词数量表达。chicken鸡肉，不可数名词；vegetable蔬菜，可数名词；chickens名词复数，表示小鸡的复数；vegetables名词复数。chicken作“鸡肉”讲时，是不可数名词，没有复数形式；vegetable是可数名词，sme后接可数名词复数形式。故选C。
12．I have a lt f ________ tday. I need t finish three difficult ________ befre 5 ’clck.
A．wrk; tasksB．tasks; wrkC．jb; tasksD．tasks; jb
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我今天有很多工作。我需要在5点前完成三项困难的任务。
考查名词辨析。wrk工作，不可数名词；tasks任务，可数名词复数；jb工作，可数名词。第一空a lt f后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，排除C项；第二空three后接可数名词复数，排除B、D两项。故选A。
13．Sailing acrss the Atlantic is quite ________, but fr thse wh haven’t ________ in sailing, that is very dangerus.
A．an experience; many f experiencesB．an experience; much experience
C．experience; much experienceD．experience; many experiences
【答案】B
【详解】句意：横渡大西洋是一次相当不错的经历，但对于那些没有太多航海经验的人来说，那是非常危险的。
考查名词的用法。experience作名词时，意为“经历”时是可数名词，意为“经验”时是不可数名词。根据语境可知，第一空指的是横渡大西洋是一次经历，所以用可数名词形式，且其前加不定冠词an修饰；第二空指的是没有航海经验，所以用不可数名词形式，much修饰不可数名词，符合题意。故选B。
14．Can yu give me ________ n it?
A．sme pieces f advicesB．any piece f advices
C．any piece f adviceD．sme pieces f advice
【答案】D
【详解】句意：你能给我一些建议吗？
考查不可数名词和不定代词。advice“建议”为不可数名词，没有复数形式，排除A、B；表示“一些”时，sme常用于肯定句或期望得到肯定回答的疑问句，而any常用于否定和疑问句中。本句为寻求建议的疑问句，符合使用sme的情境，故选D。
15．There’s nthing in the fridge. Let’s g and buy ________ and ________.
A．tw kils f prk; three breadsB．a few prk; sme carrts
C．a few tmates; tw kils f meatD．tw bxes f egg; many beef
【答案】C
【详解】句意：冰箱里什么都没有，让我们去买一些土豆，和两千克肉吧。
考查名词的数量。bread是不可数名词，不能用three修饰，故A选项错误；a few修饰可数名词复数，prk是不可数名词，故B选项错误；“两盒鸡蛋”egg应是复数，且many修饰复数名词，而beef是不可数名词，故D选项错误。故选C。
16．The turist with great ________ had several exciting ________ during his visit t Africa.
A．experiences; experiencesB．experience; experience
C．experiences; experienceD．experience; experiences
【答案】D
【详解】句意：这位经验丰富的游客在非洲之旅中有过几次激动人心的经历。
考查可数名词和不可数名词。experience作可数名词时，意为“经历”；作不可数名词时，意为“经验”。第一空表示“有经验的游客”，因此是experience；第二空表示“令人激动的经历”，several修饰可数名词复数experiences。故选D。
17．Sme students in ur schl hardly take ________, s ur head master asks us t d mrning ________ every day.
A．exercises; exercisesB．exercise; exercise
C．exercises; exerciseD．exercise; exercises
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我们学校有些学生几乎不锻炼，所以校长让我们每天做早操。
考查名词的用法。exercise意为“锻炼”时，是不可数名词；作“练习，体操”时，是可数名词。第一个空意为“做锻炼”，用exercise，第二个空表示“做早操”，用复数exercises。故选D。
18．There is sme ________ in yur drawer. Yu can crrect the mistakes in yur ________ n it.
A．paper; papersB．papers; papersC．paper; a paperD．papers; paper
【答案】A
【详解】句意：你的抽屉里有一些纸。你可以在上面更正文件中的错误。
考查既可数又不可数的名词。根据“There is”可知句子主语是不可数名词paper“纸”；根据“crrect the mistakes in yur...”可知是修改文件中的错误，此处是可数名词，用复数papers。故选A。
19．My mther keeps many __________, but she never eats ___________.
A．chickens; chickenB．chicken; chicken
C．chicken; chickensD．chickens; chickens
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我的妈妈养着很多鸡，但是她从来不吃鸡肉。
考查名词。chicken是一个名词，可以作“小鸡”，是可数名词；还可以作“鸡肉”，是不可数名词。根据句意可知，第一个空chicken是“小鸡”，且前面有many修饰，应用名词复数；第二个空意为“鸡肉”，没有复数形式。故选A。
20．My grandfather has a farm. And there are many ________ n it.
A．sheepB．rabbitC．chickenD．duck
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我的祖父有一个农场。农场里许多绵羊。
考查名词的复数形式。sheep绵羊；rabbit兔子；chicken小鸡；duck鸭子。rabbit的复数形式是rabbits；sheep的复数形式与单数形式相同，还是sheep；chicken的复数形式为chickens；duck的复数形式是ducks。句中many表示“很多”，后接可数名词复数形式。故选A。
21．The ________ dentists are helping peple with their ________ prblems.
A．man; tthB．man; teethC．men; tthD．men; teeth
【答案】C
【详解】句意：牙科医生正在帮助人们解决牙齿问题。
考查名词的数。当“man”或“wman”修饰复数名词时，本身需变为复数形式，因此第一空填men；第二空“prblems”指人们的牙齿问题，用单数tth修饰prblem。故选C。
22．She ________ hens and pigs with her ________ last Sunday night.
A．fed; childrenB．feed; childrenC．feed; childD．fed; childs
【答案】A
【详解】句意：她上周日晚上和她的孩子们一起喂了母鸡和猪。
考查动词时态和名词单复数。根据“last Sunday night”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词需要用过去式，故排除B和C。child“孩子”复数形式是“children”表示孩子们，故选A。
23．—What can yu see in the picture?
—Ten ________ and 5 ________ as well.
A．sheeps; deersB．sheep; deerC．sheeps; deerD．sheep; deers
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你能在图画中看到什么？——还有十只羊和五只鹿。
考查名词复数。基数词“Ten”和“5”后用可数名词复数，sheep和deer都属于单复数同形的词。故选B。
24．I can see sme ________ in the river.
A．gseB．gsesC．geeseD．geeses
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在河里我能看见一些鹅。
考查名词复数。sme加可数名词复数，gse“鹅”，是名词单数，复数是geese。故选C。
25．There are fur ________ and tw ________ in the grup.
A．Japanese; Germen B．Japaneses; Germen C．Japanese; GermansD．Japaneses; Germans
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这一组有四个日本人和两个德国人。
考查名词复数。Japanese，日本人，可数名词，复数形式为Japanese，单复数同形；German，德国人，可数名词，复数形式为Germans。根据空前fur和tw的提示可知，两个名词都应用复数形式。故选C。

一、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Jake always felt lnely when he started his junir high. He wasn’t sure 1 he culd make friends. He thught the best way was t be 2 .
At lunch, he saw a new by sitting alne at the table and 3 . “Hey, can I sit here?” he asked.
“Sure, I’m Alex,” he 4 with a smile.
“I’m Jake. Are yu new?”
Alex ndded. “Yeah. 5 , I have mved here. I dn’t knw anybdy.”
Jake thught this was a gd 6 t make a new friend t becme ppular. “I knw hw that feels. What 7 d yu like?”
“Basketball is my thing.” Alex’s face lit up.
As they spent time tgether, Jake fund that Alex was a by with gd 8 . He was plite t peple arund and 9 arguing with thers. Little by little, Jake frgt t make 10 ppular but started t help arund with Alex.
One day, Alex was stressed 11 he didn’t play well in the basketball game. Jake listened patiently and tld jkes t 12 Alex up. Alex said, “Thanks. I’m s lucky t have a friend 13 yu.” Sn, Jake started t vlunteer at a lcal hspital. Jake felt s 14 t be a gd friend and help thers.
He finally learned that the best way t make friends was t think mre f thers and 15 f himself. Peple liked him because he was kind, and he never felt lnely again.
1．A．whenB．whereC．hwD．why
2．A．braveB．creativeC．ppularD．successful
3．A．gave upB．walked verC．lked upD．climbed ver
4．A．jumpedB．repliedC．dubtedD．returned
5．A．FinallyB．SimplyC．RecentlyD．Suddenly
6．A．chanceB．messageC．exampleD．advantage
7．A．fdB．musicC．clurD．sprt
8．A．dreamsB．chicesC．hbbiesD．qualities
9．A．avidedB．enjyedC．practisedD．remembered
10．A．myselfB．himselfC．herselfD．yurself
11．A．butB．andC．becauseD．althugh
12．A．fixB．kickC．makeD．cheer
13．A．fB．likeC．frD．withut
14．A．angryB．nervusC．satisfiedD．cmfrtable
15．A．lessB．betterC．mreD．faster
【答案】
1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A
【解析】本文讲述了Jake在初中开始时孤独且不知如何交朋友，后来他通过主动结识新同学Alex，两人成为好友。Jake逐渐学会为他人着想，最终不再感到孤独。
1．句意：他不确定自己怎样才能交到朋友。
when何时；where何地；hw怎样；why为什么。根据“Jake always felt lnely when he started his junir high.”可知，他刚上初中时总是感到孤独，因此是不确定如何交朋友。故选C。
2．句意：他认为最好的办法就是受欢迎。
brave勇敢的；creative有创造力的；ppular受欢迎的；successful成功的。根据下文“Jake frgt t make…ppular but started t help arund with Alex.”可知，此处指他以为最好的交朋友的方式就是受欢迎。故选C。
3．句意：午餐时，他看到一个新来的男孩独自坐在桌子旁，就走过去。
gave up放弃；walked ver走过去；lked up查阅；climbed ver爬过去。根据“At lunch, he saw a new by sitting alne at the table and…”可知，此处指他看到新来的男孩独自坐在桌子旁，于是走过去。故选B。
4．句意：“当然，我是亚历克斯，”他微笑着回答。
jumped跳；replied回答；dubted怀疑；returned返回。根据“Sure, I’m Alex”可知，这是Alex对Jake的回答。故选B。
5．句意：最近，我搬到了这里。我不认识任何人。
Finally最终；Simply仅仅；Recently最近；Suddenly突然。根据“I have mved here. I dn’t knw anybdy.”可知，此处指最近搬到了这里，所以不认识任何人。故选C。
6．句意：杰克认为这是一个结交新朋友并变得受欢迎的好机会。
chance机会；message信息；example例子；advantage优势。根据“Jake thught this was a gd…t make a new friend t becme ppular.”可知，此处指这是一个结交新朋友并变得受欢迎的好机会。故选A。
7．句意：你喜欢什么运动？
fd食物；music音乐；clur颜色；sprt运动。根据“Basketball is my thing.”可知，此处询问喜欢什么运动。故选D。
8．句意：当他们在一起的时候，杰克发现亚历克斯是一个有良好品质的男孩。
dreams梦想；chices选择；hbbies爱好；qualities品质。根据“He was plite t peple arund and…arguing with thers.”可知，此处指亚历克斯是一个有良好品质的男孩。故选D。
9．句意：他对周围的人很有礼貌，避免和别人争吵。
avided避免；enjyed享受；practised练习；remembered记得。根据“He was plite t peple arund and…arguing with thers.”可知，此处指避免和别人争吵。故选A。
10．句意：渐渐地，杰克忘记了让自己受欢迎，而是开始帮助亚历克斯。
myself我自己；himself他自己；herself她自己；yurself你自己。根据“Jake frgt t make…ppular but started t help arund with Alex.”可知，此处指杰克忘记了让自己受欢迎，make neself ppular“使自己受欢迎”，此处主语是Jake，因此用himself。故选B。
11．句意：有一天，亚历克斯很紧张，因为他在篮球比赛中打得不好。
but但是；and和；because因为；althugh尽管。根据“Alex was stressed…he didn’t play well in the basketball game.”可知，前后句是因果关系，前因后果，因此用because引导原因状语从句。故选C。
12．句意：杰克耐心地听着，讲笑话让亚历克斯振作起来。
fix修理；kick踢；make制作；cheer欢呼。根据“Jake listened patiently and tld jkes t…Alex up.”可知，此处指讲笑话让亚历克斯振作起来，cheer sb. up“使某人振作起来”。故选D。
13．句意：谢谢你。我很幸运有像你这样的朋友。
f……的；like像；fr为了；withut没有。根据“I’m s lucky t have a friend…yu.”可知，此处指有像你这样的朋友。故选B。
14．句意：杰克很满意能成为一个好朋友并帮助别人。
angry生气的；nervus紧张的；satisfied满意的；cmfrtable舒服的。根据“Jake felt s…t be a gd friend and help thers.”可知，此处指杰克很满意能成为一个好朋友并帮助别人。故选C。
15．句意：他终于明白，交朋友的最好方法是多为别人着想，少为自己着想。
less更少；better更好；mre更多；faster更快。根据“He finally learned that the best way t make friends was t think mre f thers and…f himself.”可知，此处指多为别人着想，少为自己着想。故选A。
二、阅读理解
A
“Oh, dear! I can hardly remember the first time we ate at this restaurant,” said Sari Hausler t her husband.
“I can.” said their sn Jake, “January 19th, 2018. It was a Saturday night.”
Jake is nly fifteen years ld. Hwever, he has better memries than mst peple wuld have in ten lifetimes. He remembers the results f every ftball game he has watched. Gracie, their pet dg, he says, has hit (打) him with her tail 31 times. He can als tell yu where every item (商品)in the nearby supermarket is.
But it’s nt always a gd thing. Fr example, Jake can’t frget the mistakes he’s made. ________ Anther prblem is that Jake’s teachers dn’t like him. They call the by a “knw-it-all”. In class, when the teacher asks abut a fact, Jake is always the first t give the answer. “I try t keep quiet. Hwever, smetimes I just can’t help but d it.” the by says.
Althugh remembering s much infrmatin brings him truble, Jake likes his superpwer. “A super memry is cl, isn’t it?” he says.
16．What can Jake NOT remember?
A．When his parents first met each ther.
B．Where every item in the nearby supermarket is.
C．Hw many times Gracie has hit him.
D．What mistakes he has ever made befre.
17．Which sentence can be put in ________.
A．He hates his gd memry s much.
B．He feels srry abut them and ften gets unhappy.
C．He desn’t knw why he always makes s many mistakes.
D．While he can’t remember gd things he did.
18．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Jake began t shw his superpwer when he was fifteen.
B．It might be very hard fr Jake t frget bad memries.
C．Jake’s teachers dislike him because he knws mre than them.
D．Jake smetimes has a pr memry and needs thers’ help.
19．What might Jake think f his special talent?
A．Bring and useless.B．Natural and cmmn.
C．Magic but scary.D．Trublesme but cl.
20．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．Happy memries in Jake’s life.B．A “knw-it-all” truble.
C．A by’s unusual memry.D．Hw t wn better memries.
【答案】16．A 17．B 18．B 19．D 20．C
【解析】本文主要介绍了15岁的Jake拥有超强记忆力，能记住很多细节，但也忘不了自己犯的错，这让他被老师当作“万事通”而不被喜欢；尽管超强记忆带来了麻烦，Jake仍觉得这项能力很酷。
16．细节理解题。根据“Gracie, their pet dg, he says, has hit (打) him with her tail 31 times”可知Jake记得宠物狗尾巴打他的次数,“He can als tell yu where every item(商品) in the nearby supermarket is.”Jake记得超市商品的位置，“Jake can’t frget the mistakes he’s made.”Jake记得他曾经犯过的错误，只有A选项“父母第一次见面的时间”没有提到。故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据“Jake can’t frget the mistakes he’s made. ”和“Jake’s teachers dn’t like him”，可推断“他总记着这些错误，经常感到不开心”，这既承接了“忘不了错误”的内容，也能引出后文“老师不喜欢他”的问题。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据“Jake can’t frget the mistakes he’s made”可知他很难忘记不好的记忆，故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据“Althugh remembering s much infrmatin brings him truble, Jake likes his superpwer. ‘A super memry is cl, isn’t it?’ ”可知，他认为这项能力“麻烦但很酷”。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。文章围绕15岁男孩Jake的“超强记忆力”展开，介绍了这项能力的表现、带来的影响。故选C。
B
阅读短文及文后的A~F选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Life is nt perfect. It never has been and never will be. We ften cmplain (抱怨) abut the weather, the traffic, and the dying flwers in ur yard. We cmplain abut bring sap peras, lst keys, and late planes. 21 Here are sme useful steps t help yu cmplain less:
Knw the imprtance f accepting the change. 22 If we have a chice, mst f us wuld nt like t waste ur life with ur cmplaining wrds.
23 Life is nt always ging t be like what we expect. There will always be truble. And the sner we accept the real wrld arund us, the sner we can embrace the fact that ur cntributin (贡献) is far mre needed than ur pleasure.
Dn’t begin cnversatins with a cmplaint. Often, when we talk with a cmplaint, we’ll begin cmplaining fr a lng time t. S, try nt t begin cnversatins with a cmplaint. 24
Ntice yur triggers (起因). 25 Mrning, evening, r late afternn? When yu are drinking cffee r lunch with yur friends? Maybe it is arund the dinner table with yur family? Take ntice. Then, avid triggers if pssible.
Cmplaining is always meaningless in ur lives. We will live mre happily withut it. Lk frward! Let’s embrace the lvely wrld!
A．Can any cmplaint help slve the prblem?
B．Understand the real wrld which is nt perfect.
C．Hw can we begin t change the habit f cmplaining?
D．Is there a time f the day yu want t cmplain mre than thers?
E．And try shwing yur happiness t thers with yur pening wrds instead.
F．Many f us cmplain nly because we never cnsidered there may be a better way.
【答案】21．C 22．F 23．B 24．E 25．D
【解析】本文主要探讨了生活中抱怨行为的无意义性，并提出了减少抱怨的实用建议。
21．根据前文“We ften cmplain (抱怨) abut the weather, the traffic, and the dying flwers in ur yard. We cmplain abut bring sap peras, lst keys, and late planes.”和后文“Here are sme useful steps t help yu cmplain less”可知，此处需要承上启下的过渡句。选项C“我们该如何开始改掉抱怨的习惯？”既承接前文对抱怨现象的列举，又引出后文的解决步骤，符合语境，故选C。
22．根据前文“Knw the imprtance f accepting the change.”和后文“If we have a chice, mst f us wuld nt like t waste ur life with ur cmplaining wrds.”可知，此处需补充“接受变化”的具体内容。选项F“我们很多人抱怨，只是因为从未想过或许还有更好的办法。”与后文“主动选择不浪费生命抱怨”形成对比，体现改变思维的重要性，符合语境，故选F。
23．根据后文“Life is nt always ging t be like what we sner we accept the real wrld arund us, the sner we can embrace the fact...”可知，此处需呼应“接受现实世界”的主题。选项B“要明白，现实世界本就不完美。”直接对应后文“接受现实世界”的论述，且与“生活不会总如预期”形成因果关系，符合语境，故选B。
24．根据前文“S, try nt t begin cnversatins with a cmplaint.”可知，此处需给出替代抱怨的积极建议。选项E“不如试着用开场白向别人展示你的快乐。”与“避免以抱怨开头”形成完美解决方案，且“instead”体现转折关系，符合语境，故选E。
25．根据前文“Ntice yur triggers (起因).”和后文“Mrning, evening, r late afternn?”可知，此处需引出对抱怨时段的提问。选项D“一天当中，有没有某个时刻你会比其他时候更想抱怨？”符合语境，故选D。
三、短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hell! I am Jerry. I am 26 11-year-ld by. I like dumplings very much. D yu like dumplings? The dumpling is ne f the 27 (traditinal) fds in China. The peple in a family ften get tgether t make dumplings n New Year’s Eve. Yesterday I 28 (decide) t make this delicius fd fr my family.
First, sme meat, ne cabbage and ne carrt were necessary. Secnd, t g with the dumpling filling (馅), my mum taught me t cut 29 the meat and vegetables s that I culd 30 (easy) make the dumpling filling with thse pieces by adding sme salt and pepper. Third, I put the finished flavurful 31 (mix) in a bwl. Furth, I started making the dugh, which turned ut 32 (sft) than I expected after kneading (揉) it thrughly (彻底). Fifth, I cut the dugh int small pieces 33 made them int rund nes. Sixth, I put the filling in the centre f a dumpling wrapper ne by ne, and then flded them up. Finally, I put the dumplings int the pt and ck them fr a few minutes. In this way, I cked delicius dumplings by 34 (my).
I find it an interesting experience 35 (make) dumplings.
【答案】
26．an 27．mst traditinal 28．decided 29．up 30．easily 31．mixture 32．sfter 33．and 34．myself 35．t make
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了11岁的Jerry非常喜欢饺子，在除夕夜和家人一起包饺子，他记录了自己独立制作饺子的过程，认为这是一次有趣的体验。
26．句意：我是一个11岁的男孩。根据“I am…11-year-ld by.”可知，“11-year-ld”是以元音音素开头的单词，前面需用不定冠词“an”表示“一个”。故填an。
27．句意：饺子是中国最传统的食物之一。根据“The dumpling is ne f the…fds in China.”可知，“ne f+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，“traditinal”的最高级是“mst traditinal”。故填mst traditinal。
28．句意：昨天我决定为我的家人做这种美味的食物。根据“Yesterday I…t make this delicius fd fr my family.”可知，“Yesterday”表示过去时间，动词“decide”需用过去式“decided”。故填decided。
29．句意：第二，为了准备饺子馅，我妈妈教我把肉和蔬菜切碎，这样我就能轻松地用这些碎块加一些盐和胡椒粉做饺子馅了。根据“my mum taught me t cut…the meat and vegetables”可知，“cut up”是固定短语，意为“切碎”，符合制作饺子馅的步骤。故填up。
30．句意：第二，为了准备饺子馅，我妈妈教我把肉和蔬菜切碎，这样我就能轻松地用这些碎块加一些盐和胡椒粉做饺子馅了。根据“s that I culd…make the dumpling filling”可知，此处需用副词修饰动词“make”，“easy”的副词形式是“easily”。故填easily。
31．句意：第三，我把做好的美味混合物（馅料）放进一个碗里。根据“put the finished flavurful…in a bwl”可知，前文提到的“dumpling filling”是一种“混合物”，“flavurful”是形容词，后接名词，“mix”的名词形式是“mixture（混合物）”。故填mixture。
32．句意：第四，我开始和面，彻底揉面后，面团比我预期的更软。根据“which turned ut…than I expected”可知，“than”提示用形容词比较级，“sft”的比较级是“sfter”。故填sfter。
33．句意：第五，我把面团切成小块，然后把它们做成圆形。根据“I cut the dugh int small pieces…made them int rund nes”可知，前后动作是顺承关系，用连词“and”连接。故填and。
34．句意：就这样，我自己做了美味的饺子。根据“I cked delicius dumplings by…”可知，“by neself”是固定短语，意为“独自”，“my”对应的反身代词是“myself”。故填myself。
35．句意：我发现包饺子是一次有趣的体验。根据“I find it an interesting experience…dumplings.”可知，“it”是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式“t make”。故填t make。
阅读语篇，用自己的语言概括并补全概要中所缺信息，在空白处填入一个恰当的词块或句子。
Are yur parents ften angry with yu? Or d yu always disagree (不同意) with yur parents? Maybe the relatinships (关系) between yu and them are terrible. D yu want t imprve the situatins? If s, yu can think abut the fllwing ways.
Respect (尊重). It’s imprtant t shw yur respect and care abut yur parents’ feelings. Thugh yu have disagreements, at least try t knw abut whatever they are trying t tell yu. Yu shuldn’t keep yur wn thughts nly.
Cmmunicatin (交流). Yu can cmmunicate with yur parents. Yu may nt get what yu want, but explaining yur thughts in a calm way may help wrk ut the prblem.
Trust (信任). Hw can yur parents build trust in yu? It depends n what yu d. Fr example, if yu get hme late withut calling first, next time yur parents may nt believe yu. T win their trust, yu shuld pay attentin t the ways yu d things.
Spend time tgether (共度时光). Sme teenagers find that sharing time tgether can imprve their relatinships with parents. Yur parents may be interested in ging shpping, hanging ut and playing cards with yu. S yu shuld spend time with yur parents. And it will drive away the “black clud” hanging ver yur hme.
Yur parents give all their lve t yu. Why nt try these ways actively t wn a happy family as yu want?
【答案】1．imprve the relatinships between yu and yur parents 2．trying t knw abut their thughts/trying t knw abut whatever they are trying t tell yu 2．cmmunicate with yur parents and explain yur thughts in a calm way 4．win yur parents’ trust
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了改善与父母紧张关系的几种方法，帮助读者拥有更和睦的家庭氛围。
36．根据第一段“D yu want t imprve the situatins? If s, yu can think abut the fllwing ways.”可知，这些方法是帮助改善和父母的关系。故填imprve the relatinships between yu and yur parents。
37．根据第二段“Thugh yu have disagreements, at least try t knw abut whatever they are trying t tell yu. Yu shuldn’t keep yur wn thughts nly.”可知，尊重父母需要了解他们的想法而非只坚持自己的想法。故填trying t knw abut their thughts/trying t knw abut whatever they are trying t tell yu。
38．根据第三段“Yu can cmmunicate with yur parents…explaining yur thughts in a calm way may help wrk ut the prblem.”可知，第二种方法是和父母沟通，平静地解释自己的想法。故填cmmunicate with yur parents and explain yur thughts in a calm way。
39．根据第四段“T win their trust, yu shuld pay attentin t the ways yu d things.”可知，第三种方法是通过做事的方式赢得父母的信任。故填win yur parents’ trust。
(一) 规则变化：
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s
bk → bks rm → rms huse → huses day → days
2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es
bus → buses glass → glasses bx → bxes
dish → dishes watch → watches
3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es
city → cities bdy → bdies factry → factries
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为ves
half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives
5.以 结尾的名词，有生命的加es，没生命的加s
tmat — tmates ,ptat— ptates pht — phts radi--radis
If yu always have disagreements with parents, yur relatinships may be terrible. But here are several ways t help yu 1 . First, shw them respect by 2 instead f nly keeping yur wn thughts. Secnd, 3 . Third, d sme things t 4 . Finally, spend time with them. Yu will have a happy family if yu try these ways actively.