寒假讲义11 选词填空（巩固培优）-2026年八年级英语（全国通用）（含答案）

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寒假作业11 选词填空
解题技巧精讲
一、核心考查方向（3 大重点）
1.词性判断与转换（名 / 动 / 形 / 副 / 代）
2.语境逻辑匹配（因果 / 转折 / 并列）
3.固定搭配与语法规则（时态 / 单复数）
二、解题 3 步核心法（必记）
4.词库分类：先给备选词标词性（n./v./adj./adv.），区分可变形词（如 care→careful/carefully）
5.空格预判：根据前后词判断需填词性（名词前→adj./ 限定词；动词后→adv. 等）
6.匹配验证：结合语境选词，变形后核对语法（时态 / 单复数）和逻辑通顺
三、分词性技巧 + 模板（直接套用）
7. 动词（高频考点）
技巧：看时间词（yesterday→过去时）、主语单复数（he→三单）、非谓语标志（t / 介词→ding/t d）
模板：备选词（v.）→变时态 / 三单 / 非谓语（如 wrk→wrked/wrks/wrking）
示例：
词库：finish, finishes, finished
原文：She ______ (finish) her hmewrk every day.
分析：every day→一般现在时，主语 she→三单，答案：finishes
8. 名词
技巧：看修饰词（many/sme→复数；a/an→单数）
模板：备选词（n.）→变单复数（如 child→children；bk→bks）
9. 形容词 / 副词
技巧：adj. 修饰名词；adv. 修饰动词 /adj./ 句子
模板：adj.↔adv.（quick→quickly；slwly→slw）
避坑：勿漏 ly（如 run quick→run quickly）
10. 虚词（冠词 / 介词 / 连词）
技巧：冠词看音素（an + 元音；a + 辅音；特指用 the）
连词看逻辑（转折→but；因果→s；并列→and）
介词看搭配（in the mrning；be gd at）
四、高频易错点（必避）
11.选词未变形（如备选词是动词原形，未变三单 / 过去时）
12.词性判断错误（如用 adj. 修饰动词）
13.忽略固定搭配（如 lk frward t 后接 ding，误选 t d）
14.逻辑不匹配（如转折关系用 and）
三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型
A
请先阅读下面短文，然后选择方框内所给的词并用其适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。
Mst peple wuld stay away frm bees (蜜蜂) while meeting them. 1 , if yur gal (目标) is t grw a beautiful and prductive (丰产的) garden, yu will want t bring in bees.
Hw t attract (吸引) bees?
Plant! Plant! Plant! Plant nt nly vegetables, but als clrful flwers. Bees are attracted by clrs. Purple, yellw, white and blue are 1 favrites. If pssible, yu shuld be 2 and plant different flwers fr bees t chse frm. Be sure t plant sme flwers in 3 areas (区域). Bees like warm and bright places 4 than cl and dark nes.
Anther part f learning 5 t attract bees is t leave a place fr wild grass (野草) r flwers near yur garden. This is where bees can live cmfrtably and 6 . Yu can als build a bee huse 7 the bees t live in. T d this, yu can use several (少许) 8 f bamb (竹子) tied (捆) tgether. Place the huse clse t the grund 9 bees like living clse t the grund better. Preparing such a place can make sure that they will enjy and 10 want t leave.
Be sure t leave water arund fr them t drink. If the bees are there and active (活跃的), yu will have a fruitful garden.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给11个词汇中选择10个意义相符的词汇，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处。
Every family has its wn rules. Fllwing them makes ur lives much 1 . Fr example, in my family, the 2 rule is that we must be hnest. My parents always tell me that hnesty is the best plicy.
The secnd rule is abut safety. I must always lk after 3 when I g ut. I shuldn’t talk t 4 n the way hme. I must cme back hme befre 8 p.m., 5 my friends might invite me t stay ut later.
What’s 6 , we have a “family talk” rule. Every evening, we try t spend ne hur tgether talking abut ur prblems r share ur feelings. Smetimes we als play bard games. It’s a happy time 7 phnes fr all f us.
During study time, I have t keep my rm 8 . My mther advises me t rganize everything 9 . She says a cleaner space helps me cncentrate (集中精力) better. Nw, I understand the 10 f these rules, because they really help me grw int a better persn.
C
On the first day f 2025, I made my New Year’s reslutins like many peple arund the wrld. I decided t run 10 miles every day t keep 1 and read mre bks. I hped t 2 my life by ding these. But just a few days later, I 3 t stp running.
Lking arund, I fund it is impssible fr mst peple t keep their reslutins fr lng. S I started t wnder if we ften break ur 4 .
Experts (专家) pinted ut that there are many reasns 5 peple t give up their reslutins. First, sme reslutins can be t difficult t reach. If we d nt prepare everything well enugh, sn we will find we can never make it. S we get tired and 6 ding it. Secnd, we d nt get enugh help frm thers. We always keep 7 reslutins t urselves because we are wrried that smene will laugh at us. Last, we hardly d things step by step. Fr example, I ran 10 miles fr the first time and was t tired t g n. If I ran 5 miles fr the first few days, I might keep running fr a 8 time than befre.
In fact, it’s never t early fr a child t have a dream and a plan. I really want t be an excellent player 9 I grw up. Maybe I culd take part in the Olympic games ne day. Thus, I shuld study mre carefully and d my hmewrk 10 time in schl.
D yu knw what yu are ging t be in the future? The New Year is cming sn. Will yu make sme reslutins and try t keep them?
D
Peple n ur planet mve, eat and sleep n the grund. And the vegetables als grw their rts (根) in the grund. 1 in space, everything flats (漂浮). S peple need a different way t live in space.
Astrnauts n the space statin sleep standing up. 2 sleeping bags are tied t the wall. They have t get 3 the sleeping bags and then sleep standing up. As fr fd, astrnauts can 4 frm many kinds f fd such as fruit, chicken and beef. But they eat differently. Their fd 5 in special bags, s it will nt flat away.
Astrnauts can grw vegetables in space. They put 6 in a wet bx and leave the light n them. Sme can 7 grw when they are flating. Their rts will grw either up r dwn. Nw, astrnauts can eat 8 vegetables, t! But they need t wait fr a lng time, because they grw 9 in space.
Tday scientists are 10 t make the dream f living in space cme true. In the future, mre and mre peple may flat, eat and sleep standing up in space.
E
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
Hell everyne, I’m Chang’e 6. I’m 1 n a trip t the mn t cllect sme sil. Fur years ag, my “sister” spacecraft, Chang’e 5 2 smething similar. But she visited the near side f the mn. This time, I’m visiting the far side f the mn. N ne has 3 cllected sil frm that place befre!
The mn “runs” arund Earth. But it’s a bit shy and nly shws us 4 same side. The far side is hidden and we can’t see it frm Earth. It’s als super quiet there, 5 it’s hard fr any messages t get thrugh. 6 there is difficult s my whle trip is 7 challenging and will take a lnger time—abut 53 days.
But dn’t wrry. I’ll keep in tuch 8 yu. My satellite friend Queqia 2 has already gne int space. It will stay in a special place. There, it can “see” 9 the far side f the mn and Earth. S it can send messages t us.
I als want t encurage everyne t keep their passin (热情) and interest in space technlgy. Perhaps ne day yu can becme ne f the 10 in space explratin. Yu can cntribute t the dream f human explratin f the universe with yur intelligence and curage. If the yung peple are strng, the cuntry will be strng.
F
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（每词限用一次）。
On New Year’s Day, just as humans d, animals als make 1 . On this day, all animals g t the Lin’s hme and 2 their reslutins fr the cming year. The Mnkey says, “I wanted t learn hw t swim last year, but I am still nt 3 t d that. My mther tld me t d nly what I can d. This year, I am ging t take up a new 4 like painting and I may 5 a beautiful picture f the animal wrld ne day.” The Dg says, “I hpe t have a better 6 with humans. Last year, I helped the plice catch sme criminals. This year I’m ging t bring mre happiness t peple.” The Fx says, “I’m ging t 7 my acting and becme the 8 actr in the frest.” “What abut yu, Pig?” the Lin asks. The Pig respnds, “I am still nt 9 abut my plan, but I want t have my 10 rm s I can sleep well every day.” “Ha ha…” the ther animals laugh.

一、完形填空
先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
When I was abut 14, I had a friend wh liked t tell me my shrtcmings (缺点) . Fr example, I was very shrt, I wasn’t a tp student, I talked t much, I was t prud (骄傲的) and s n. I became s angry that I culdn’t 1 her at last. I ran t my 2 with tears in my eyes.
He listened t me 3 and asked, “Are the things she said true r nt? Jane, did yu 4 what yu’re really like? G and write dwn everything she said and mark (标记) the 5 pints. Dn’t mind the ther things she said.” I did as he tld me. T my great 6 , I fund that abut half the things were true. Sme I culdn’t change, like being very 7 . But many I culd and I wanted t change. Fr the first time, I knew better abut 8 .
I brught the paper back t Daddy. He didn’t 9 t read it. “That’ s just fr yu,” he said. “Yu knw 10 than any ther persn the truth abut yurself. 11 smething said abut yu is true, yu’ll find it will be useful fr yu. Open yur ears. 12 carefully, but nly hear the truth and d what yu knw. It is the 13 thing t d.” Daddy’s 14 returned t me at very imprtant times. In my life, I 15 had a better piece f advice.
1．A．hearB．standC．chseD．lse
2．A．fatherB．teacherC．friendD．mther
3．A．excitedlyB．directlyC．quicklyD．quietly
4．A．think abutB．talk abutC．read abutD．ask abut
5．A．wrngB．trueC．fineD．interesting
6．A．surpriseB．predictinC．successD．prmise
7．A．sadB．happyC．excitedD．shrt
8．A．yurselfB．herselfC．myselfD．himself
9．A．enjyB．wantC．refuseD．believe
10．A．wrseB．earlierC．betterD．clser
11．A．OrB．WhenC．AfterD．Because
12．A．ListenB．SpeakC．ReadD．Write
13．A．scaryB．rightC．easyD．quick
14．A．wrdsB．jbsC．actinsD．lists
15．A．smetimesB．neverC．alwaysD．usually
二、阅读理解
A
D yu ften cmpare yurself with thers? Perhaps yur best friend receives smething yu really want, r yu’re nt allwed t g t a mvie but yur brther r sister is. Cmparisns are cmmn and can smetimes be helpful, but fcusing n yur wn prgress is imprtant fr yur happiness.
“We ften cmpare urselves with thers wh are ding better r nt as well as urselves.” says Dr. Jack. “But I suggest cmparing yurself with yur past self and yur future self. This can make yu feel prud f what yu’ve achieved and excited abut what yu might d. Fcusing n yur wn gals is mre imprtant than trying t cme ut n tp.”
Cmparing yurself t thse arund yu is natural and we ften d it withut realizing it. It can help us t be clear abut ur achievements and t frm friendships with new peple wh have similar interests. Hwever, it’s imprtant t remember that nbdy is perfect in real life. It’s als imprtant t take nte f hw the cmparisn is making yu feel. “If yu begin t feel quite lw, fcus n yur wn strengths.” says Jack. In ther wrds, yu can ask yurself questins like “What can I d well in?” which can help yu trust yurself.
Maybe here yu are wndering “What if all my friends are better than me?” Dr. White says that jealusy (妒忌) is nt bad but fcusing n bettering yur wn wrk can help yu feel just as successful. He als mentins that learning t celebrate yur friends’ success can nt nly help t cheer yur friends up but als help yu feel gd. It will encurage yu t build each ther up.
1．What des the writer tell us in Paragraph 1?
A．We shuld cmpare with thers.B．We shuld share things with brthers.
C．We shuld enjy mvies with family.D．We shuld fcus n ur wn prgress.
2．Why shuld yu cmpare yurself t yur past self?
A．T care abut thers.B．T be prud f yur achievements.
C．T change yur gals.D．T increase yur wn strength and trust.
3．What des the underlined phrase “yur wn strengths” prbably mean in Paragraph 3?
A．What yu’re gd at.B．What yu’ve understd.
C．What yu’re crazy abut.D．What yu’ve experienced.
4．What des Dr. White suggest?
A．Trusting yur friends.B．Cheering n tiny success.
C．Celebrating thers’ success.D．Frming a deep friendship.
5．What is the prper title fr the passage?
A．Run Yur Own RaceB．Fllw Yur Own Dream
C．Plan Yur Own FutureD．Enjy Yur Own Happiness
B
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
When yu get int truble, dn’t wrry. Think f the peple arund yu. Maybe they culd give yu sme useful advice. 1 Gd advice frm the right peple can help yu cme up with ways that yu might nt have thught f n yur wn. They might help yu think f the prblem in a new way.
Give up the wrng idea yu have already had. Unluckily, we all think we knw what’s the best. 2 When smene is ffering yu advice, try t listen in an pen-minded way. After all, they might have a way that culd wrk better than whatever yu have already had in mind.
Chse wisely whm t get advice frm. 3 The best advice cmes frm peple wh are talented and always care abut yu. Dn’t let smene’s backgrund clud yur judgement. Just because sme peple are successful in their field desn’t necessarily mean they’ll give yu gd advice.
Lk fr several different ideas. 4 Instead, ask several peple wh win yur trust fr help. That way, yu can be sure yu’re getting a brad enugh pinin n the prblem.
5 Even if (即使) yu must make a quick decisin, take time t think ver any advice. Carefully cnsider yur chices s that yu can make a thughtful decisin based n yur gals.
A．Give yurself time t think abut the advice.
B．Yu shuld judge (判断) the advice yu get wisely.
C．It is necessary t let thers listen t ur ideas carefully.
D．Dn’t feel like yu nly have t get advice frm ne persn.
E．Hwever, that pinin can really stp yu frm being better.
F．Smetimes, taking thers’ advice can make yu get ut f truble easily.
三、短文填空
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，或根据上下文在空白处填入一个适当的词，使短文通顺、完整。
Nwadays, mre teenagers are taking part in husehld chres. In the past, many parents thught children shuld nly fcus n study. But experts say ding chres helps kids becme mre 1 (respnsibility).
Li Ming, 14, washes dishes and takes ut the rubbish every day. “At first, I hated it,” he said. “But nw I feel prud when I see a clean kitchen.” His sister 2 (sweep) the flr twice a week.
Ding chres als teaches time management. “I finish my hmewrk 3 dinner, s I can help my mm after,” said Wang Fang.
Sme schls in Changzhu have added “life skills” classes. Students learn 4 t ck simple meals and mend clthes. “These skills 5 (be) useful fr their future,” said a teacher.
Parents ntice changes t. “My sn used t leave his shes everywhere,” said Mrs. Zhang. “Nw he puts 6 away withut 7 (ask).”
Experts suggest starting with easy tasks. “Give children chices, like 8 they want t feed the pet r water the plants,” said Dr. Wu. “This builds cnfidence.”
Remember, the gal isn’t perfectin—it’s prgress. Even small cntributins make the family 9 (wrk) better tgether. As the saying ges, “Many hands make light wrk.” S, why nt start tday? Yu might be surprised by 10 yu can d!
阅读下列短文，根据所读内容，在文章后1-8小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，回答9题问题，并将答案填写在答卷纸的相应位置上。
My Jurney t Independence
Li Yang, a Grade 8 student, used t depend heavily n his parents. Every mrning, his mm wke him up, packed his lunch, and checked his hmewrk. “I never thught abut what I needed t d—I just fllwed what they said,” he admitted.
Everything changed this term when his schl launched the “Life Skills Challenge”—a prgram designed t help students becme mre independent. Participants had t manage their wn weekly schedules, prepare at least ne simple meal, d regular chres like washing dishes r tidying their rms, and reflect n their prgress in a jurnal.
At first, Li struggled. He verslept three times because he frgt t set his alarm. He nce left his science prject at hme and burned his tast while trying t make breakfast. “I felt embarrassed,” he said. But instead f giving up, he started using a planner and watched nline cking vides.
Nw, Li wakes up by himself, plans his study time arund extracurricular activities, and can ck basic meals like scrambled eggs and ndles. He even helps his yunger brther rganize his schl supplies. “I feel mre cnfident and respnsible,” he shared.
His hmerm teacher, Ms. Liu, praised the prgram: “Academic knwledge is imprtant, but real-life skills—like time management, prblem-slving, and self-care—are just as crucial. These experiences shape well-runded teenagers wh are ready fr high schl and beynd.”
Why is learning life skills imprtant fr teenagers? (N mre than 20 wrds)
1
careful sunny fr hw happy pieces because they well never hwever
I, ne, much, strange, imprtant, with, althugh, tidy, clear, gd, if
prmise we lng fr imprve when n begin stp health
they chse plant try cme inside even slw fresh but
because land mre the g d ever bth with research
relatinship discuss wn able paint reslutin hbby gd imprve sure
Aspect
Details
Past habit
Li Yang used t 36 n his parents fr almst everything.
Schl prgram
“Life 37 Challenge”
Early prblems
• Overslept because n alarm
• Frgt his 38 prject
• Burned his 39
Current abilities
• Wakes up by himself
• Plans his 40 time
• Cks 41 meals like ndles and eggs
Teacher’s view
Real-life skills help students becme 42 and ready fr the future
Li Yang’s feeling
He feels mre 43 and respnsible