2025年高考英语解密汇编训练之阅读理解（Word版附解析）

这是一份2025年高考英语解密汇编训练之阅读理解（Word版附解析），共105页。试卷主要包含了LastPass等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1．（2024•宁乡市模拟）LastPass
In this day and age，we need a passwrd fr everything — t access ur cmputer，ur phne，ur bank accunt，all f ur favrite websites and list ges n.Smetimes，it can be trublesme just t remember them all r keep track f them securely.
Luckily，there's LastPass!As the name implies，LastPass is the last passwrd manager app yu will ever need.Thrugh the app，all yu need is ne passwrd t have secure access t all f yur passwrds and private infrmatin.By using the LastPass Authenticatr，yu can use bimetrics（生物识别技术）t lg n with yur face r fingerprint.It's that easy!
Calm
Calm is packed with dzens f features and hundreds f recrdings designed t imprve yur mindfulness，reduce stress and imprve sleep.The free versin includes select features such as daily meditatins（冥想），breathing exercises，a md tracker，as well as dem sleep stries，relaxatin music tracks and guided meditatins.Thrugh a paid subscriptin，the app tailrs itself t yur needs.
Pcket
When brwsing the web，we ften cme acrss interesting articles that we'd lve t read thrugh mre，but just dn't have the time right there and then.But later when we have free time，we cmpletely frget abut the articles we wanted t read!
This is where Pcket can help.The main appeal f Pcket is t add a handy save functin t yur favrite brwser ready t click whenever yu want t save smething fr later.
Mint
With digital payment methds，it is easy t get verwhelmed（不堪重负的）when ne keeps financial recrds due t hw fast and cnvenient it is t make purchases n a variety f platfrms.
Thankfully，Mint is here t help!This free app can autmatically track and rganize all f the purchases yu make，whether it is thrugh digital payment，cash，credit r debit cards.Yu can als link and keep track f yur debit and savings accunts，investments and prperties，and even yur digital subscriptins s yu'll knw if there's been a cst increase.
（1）If peple want t better manage their budgets，they can turn t .
A.LastPass
B.Calm
C.Pcket
D.Mint
（2）Which f the fllwing statements is true？
A.LastPass is the newest passwrd manager app in the market.
B.Calm meets all kind f requirements frm every user.
C.Mst users can chse Pcket t save smething they want t read later.
D.Mint desn't charge but it nly keeps financial recrds thrugh digital payment.
（3）Which f the fllwing wrds can be used t describe the fur apps？
A.Energy﹣saving.
B.Mney﹣cnsuming.
C.Mind﹣blwing.
D.Peace﹣keeping.
2．（2024•青羊区校级模拟） Ms.McIntyre，38，wrked as a publisher.She suffered brain cancer and her health gt wrse despite sme medical treatment.But she realized that in a way，she was luckier than sme ther peple.She had insurance t help pay fr her medical care.But Ms.McIntyre and her husband，Mr.Gregry，knew that many peple with cancer face tugh decisins because f the csts f medical care and wind up wing far mre than they can pay.
Thugh her health was failing，Ms.McIntyre decided t help pay ff the medical debts f as many peple as she pssibly culd.The cuple began dnating mney t a grup called RIP Medical Debt，which is cmmitted t wrking t pay ff the unpaid medical debts f thers.The grup can pay ff medical bills fr abut 100 times less mney than they cst.In ther wrds，fr every 100 dnated，the grup can pay ff 10，000 in unpaid medical bills.
Unfrtunately，Ms.McIntyre passed away befre psted a message fr Ms.McIntyre n her scial media accunts. "If yu're reading this，I have passed away，" the pst began.Then the pst explained， "T celebrate my life，I've arranged t buy up thers' medical debts and then destry the debts."
The cuple had set up a page n a website t raise mney fr this purpse.They had hped t raise abut ＄20，000.Nevertheless，Ms.McIntyre's last pst attracted a lt f attentin.The dnatins n her web page quickly passed the ttal gal.In less than a week，the site had raised 10 times mre than expected and the dnatins are still cming in.By Nvember 22，2023，Ms.McIntyre's web page had raised ver＄627，000，r enugh mney t pay ff abut ＄60 millin in medical debts.
Mr.Gregry planned a special event in December t celebrate Ms.McIntyre's life and t annunce hw many millins f dllars f medical debts her effrts had paid fr.
（1）Why did Ms.McIntyre feel luckier than sme ther peple？
A．The dctrs eventually cured her.
B．Her disease didn't becme wrse.
C．She had a decent jb befre being ill.
D．She had security abut medical care.
（2）Hw did Ms.McIntyre and her husband help thers？
A．By paying fr their daily debts.
B．By giving away mney t them.
C．By ridding them f debts frm treatments.
D．By purchasing medical insurance fr them.
（3）What is paragraph 4 mainly abut？
A．The public invlvement.
B．The cuple's cmmitment.
C．The peratin f a website.
D．The increase f medical debts.
（4）Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Ms.McIntyre？
A．Humrus and elegant.
B．Influential and understanding.
C．Cautius and prmising.
D．Enthusiastic and adaptable.
3．（2024•苏州三模） The Suth Brnx is ne f the prest and mst plluted places in America，with smg﹣chked freeways and smelly wastewater treatment plants.
"We're a dumping grund，" Omar explains."All the garbage frm the rest f New Yrk City ends up here."
But Omar started lking at garbage in a different way，" f t f what peple thrw away is perfectly."gd，"he says."Just lk at that stuff frm cnstructin sites﹣drs，Sinks，tilets.Peple will buy thse things.It's nly called garbage because smebdy threw it away."Omar was just ut f cllege and wrking fr an envirnmental grup called Sustainable Suth Brnx when he started cnsidering hw t get this "gd garbage" t peple wh culd use it.Instead f destrying ld things，why nt clean them up and resell them？Why nt hire peple in the cmmunity t d the wrk？Better yet，why nt make this business a "cperative，"which means the peple wrking in the business wn it and share the prfits？
Out f tis，Omar started the fist cperative in the cuntry dedicated t reusing cnstructin waste T start his business，Omar put up flyers alng the truck﹣jammed，trash﹣filled neighbrhd streets lking fr peple t wrk with him.He sn fund fur ther dedicated wrkers.They rented a warehuse and started lking fr dnatins f used materials.
In April 2008，Omar's cperative，ReBuilders Surce，pened its business and began selling cnstructin supplies﹣ at reasnable prices一t neighbrhd builders and hme wners.With the help f city fficials，he als began panning a new training prgram t help lcal residents learn the skills t get gd jbs that help the envirnment and even start their wn cperatives.Wrkers were trained t carefully take buildings apart s that things like drs and windws can be reused instead f being smashed and sent ff t a landfill.Decnstructing buildings this way culd be a huge industry with many gd jbs fr peple wh need them.
"If yu have a use fr smething，"Omar says，"it's n lnger waste."
（1）Why is the Suth Brnx mentined in the first paragraph？
A.T aruse readers' interest.
B.T serve as the backgrund infrmatin.
C.T cntrast with the ther districts.
D.T intrduce a famus place.
（2）Which was Nt the reasn fr Omar's creating a cperative business？
A.T prvide jbs fr lcal peple.
B.T deal with dumped rubbish.
C.T increase cperatin amng neighbrs.
D.T make mney frm garbage.
（3）Which f the fllwing wrds best describe Omar？
A.Idealistic and business﹣minded.
B.Creative and actin﹣riented.
C.Practical and self﹣fcused.
D.Devted and irn﹣hearted.
（4）Which saying might interpret Omar's actin？
A.Knwledge starts with practice.
B.One gd turn deserves anther.
C.Fur eyes see mre than tw.
D.Kill tw birds with ne stne.
4．（2024•宁波二模） The rate f childhd besity in the tripled ver the past 50 years.The American Academy f Pediatrics （AAP） made waves this year by recmmending that dctrs put bese kids as yung as tw years ld n intensive，family﹣riented lifestyle and behavir plans.It als suggested prescribing weight﹣lss drugs t children 12 and lder and surgery t teens 13 and lder.This advice reflects the rganizatin's adptin f a mre active psitin n childhd besity.
Yet the lifestyle prgrams the AAP recmmends are expensive，inaccessible t mst children and hard t maintain.Few weight﹣lss drugs have been apprved fr children.And surgery has ptential risks and few lng﹣term safety data.Furthermre，it's nt clear whether interventins in yungsters help t imprve health r merely add t the psychlgical burden verweight kids face frm the sciety.
Rather than paying clse attentin t numbers n a scale，the cuntries with similar trends shuld fcus n an underlying truth：we need t invest in mre and safer places fr children t play where they can mve and run arund，climb and jump，ride and skate.
Why is it s hard t get kids mving？Experts blame the prblem n the privatizatin f sprts—as public investment in schl﹣based athletics dwindles，expensive private leagues have grwn，leaving many kids ut.In additin t fewer pprtunities at schl，researchers cite increased screen time and a lack f safe places fr them t play utside the hme.New Yrk City，fr example，had 2，067 public playgrunds as f 2019—a very small amunt fr its large ppulatin.In Ls Angeles in 2015，nly 33 percent f yuths lived within walking distance f a park.
Kids everywhere need mre places t play.Public funding t build and keep up these areas is crucial，but ther ptins such as shared﹣use agreements can make unused spaces available t the public.These pprtunities aren't primarily abut changing children's waistlines—they're hw we keep childhd healthy and fun.
（1）What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs？
A.Childhd besity is well under cntrl in recent years.
B.Weight﹣lss surgery are recmmended t children 12 and lder.
C.AAP plays a mre active rle in fighting against childhd besity.
D.Expensive as it is，lifestyle prgrams are practical fr mst children.
（2）The underlined wrd "dwindle" is clsest in meaning t .
A.decline
B.quit
C.increase
D.develp
（3）In the authr's pinin，what measures shuld be taken t create mre safe areas？
A.Prepare fitness equipment at hme.
B.Live within walking distance f a park.
C.Prmte investment in private athletics.
D.Open up playgrunds when schl's ut.
（4）What's the main idea f the text？
A.Sprts play an imprtant rle in children's grwth.
B.Mre safe areas fr utdr fun are in urgent need.
C.Family﹣riented lifestyles are crucial t children's health.
D.Medical interventin is imprtant t ease psychlgical burden.
5．（2024•南关区校级模拟） The turn f the year is the time fr reviewing ne's life，and fr making sme reslutins abut what t cncentrate n in the cming year；and fr many years I have taken advantage f the hliday t review my wn ambitin.
One thing I decide n this year is t give up writing the Grumpy （暴躁的） Old Bkman clumn in this magazine.It's nt that I've lst interest in the bk wrld.But Lenard Wlf，husband f American writer Virginia Wl （1882—1941），used t say a man shuld change his career every seven years.Thugh I wuld say that changing yur whle career frequently is ging a bit far，I d find that it serves as a great refresher if yu can ccasinally try a new jb within the same line f business.
It is ver 15 years since ur editr wrte t me and asked if I wuld be interested in writing a regular piece abut what was，even then，a rapidly changing publishing scene.He apprached me because since 2004 I had been writing a regular blg called，Grumpy Old Bkman.
As my mnthly survey f develpments in bth traditinal and digital publishing cntinued，in this magazine，I began t realize that writers in this century，f bth fictin and nn﹣fictin，are living in smething clse t a paradise （天堂）.Once，yu struggled fr years t find a publisher— r an agent if yu wanted ne—but nw yu can publish yur wn stuff，either digitally r in paperback，withut it csting yu a penny piece.
After abut five years f prducing such clumns，it ccurred t me that，rather than let these essays fade away n the seas f time，it might be valuable t publish my thughts and cmments in bk frm t ptential readers.Hence，in 2014，I published the first 69 GOB clumns in paperback frmat，using Amazn's Create Space facilities.Title：Writers Rejice!A mnthly diary f the dawn f the digital age，which was my first trial.And nw I sincerely wish a new 2024.
（1）Why des the authr want t give up writing the clumn？
A．He is fed up with the career linked t bks.
B．He is very keen n trying smething new.
C．He fllws Lenard Wlf's suggestin.
D．He's used t changing his jb every seven years.
（2）Accrding t the authr，what can be inferred frm Paragraph 4？
A．Nw it is amazing t find a publisher easily.
B．Publishing industry is a prfitable business.
C．It is rather hard t publish bks nwadays.
D．It is a blessing t live in the present times.
（3）What d yu think f the authr？
A．Emtinal and gd at cntrlling himself.
B．Dedicated but easy t dubt himself.
C．Purpseful and gd at self﹣adjustment.
D．Ambitius but unwilling t change himself.
（4）What des the authr mainly want t tell us？
A．Giving up timely is anther virtue.
B．Changing the jb means a new pprtunity.
C．The beginning f a year is a new start.
D．Reflectin can drive us t push frward.
6．（2024•黑龙江二模） A Virginia family whse hme was destryed by a fire last week recently received the gift f sme ld﹣fashined Christmas cheer frm "Santa Claus" （圣诞老人）.
In the spirit f Christmas，the Ferrum Vlunteer Fire Department delivered presents t the family wh lst their hme and belngings in a huse fire n Thursday.
"It was a wrking structure fire and unfrtunately the family lst everything.We as vlunteers knew that we culdn't let this mm and her three kids g thrugh Christmas withut anything，" the fire statin wrte n Facebk. "Yes，they're OK but it's Christmas，right？"
The fire statin fficials delivered Christmas gifts t the mther and her three children the fllwing day at the lcal church shelter they were staying at，and in phts psted n the site，the children appeared jyful.
"We brught gifts and mre gifts!The kids were verjyed and very grateful." the statin said n its pst.
"They were very happy t see all the gifts and the fire trucks that we brught the gifts in，" the department tld USA TODAY.The kids received Barbies，Pkémn，artwrks，remte cntrl cars，blankets，clthes and shes.The mther als received a gift card.
The Facebk pst was flded with what seemed t be cmments frm cmmunity members tuched by the genersity. "The best Christmas gifts are the nes yu give!Thank yu all fr yur wnderful service and yur big hearts!" ne user cmmented.
"S thankful they are alright!We are truly blessed t live in such a giving and helping cmmunity，and ur fire department and rescue teams are amazing!Great jb!S prud!" anther user wrte.
（1）What can we learn frm the text？
A．The Fire Department prvided the family with shelter.
B．The vlunteers saved sme belngings fr the family.
C．The family went thrugh Christmas in srrw.
D．Receiving a Christmas gift is a traditinal jy.
（2）What's the cmments' attitude twards the fire statin？
A．Ambiguus.
B．Uncncerned.
C．Appreciative.
D．Sympathetic.
（3）Hw des the authr develp his idea？
A．By giving examples.
B．By using qutatin.
C．By making cmments.
D．By analysing causes.
（4）What's the best title f this article？
A．Firefighters r Santa Claus？
B．Firefighters Safeguarded Us.
C．A Fire Brught Gifts.
D．Lve Can Cure.
7．（2024•广州一模） When adult humans meet a baby，many can't help speaking in a higher﹣pitched（更高音的），sing﹣sng y vice.This shift，knwn as parentese，is nt unique t humans —it has als been bserved in animals like mnkeys and grillas.Nw，scientists are adding ne mre species t that list：bttlense dlphins.
Dlphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in grups.They cmmunicate in a unique way：every individual prduces its wn signature sund that acts much like an ID card，usually by its first birthday.But hw des each cme up with its distinctive whistle？Fr babies，it might have smething t d with listening t Mum.T slve this mystery，researchers examined the sunds mther dlphins，make.
Scientists studied 34 years' wrth f recrdings f sunds made by 19 female bttlense dlphins.When the mther dlphins were near their yung，they cntinued t make their signature sund，but at a higher frequency.They als used a wider range f frequencies than they did when their babies were nt nearby.
This discvery suggests that using these mdificatins mther dlphins assist their yung in learning hw t prduce these calls themselves.Since dlphin babies ften spend sme years with their mthers befre living n their wn，it makes sense that this adaptatin wuld help them learn t cmmunicate.At the very least，the higher﹣pitched whistle likely gets the babies' attentin."It's imprtant fr a baby t knw，'Oh，Mum's talking t me nw，'"says marine bilgist June Mann.
This kind f research culd help us understand hw language develped in humans."It is abslutely essential t have basic knwledge abut ther species and hw they cmmunicate，"says Mann."I wuld be really interested t see whether dlphins als change their sunds when interacting with babies f thers，which is what happens in humans."
（1）What d the underlined wrds"this mystery"refer t in paragraph 2？
A.Why dlphins live and play in grups.
B.Hw dlphins develp their unique sunds.
C.What aspects f intelligence dlphins pssess.
D.Whether dlphins can use parentese like humans.
（2）Hw did the researchers carry ut their study f dlphins？
A.By analyzing mther dlphins' sund features.
B.By recrding parent﹣child interactin frequency.
C.By measuring the distance between parent and child.
D.By examining the speech rgans f mther dlphins.
（3）What is a suggested reasn why dlphin mthers use parentese with their yung？
A.T help them learn t talk.
B.T teach them hunting skills.
C.T express wrry and care.
D.T distract their attentin.
（4）What is the purpse f the text？
A.T cmpare the parentese f humans and dlphins.
B.T illustrate the develpment f dlphin intelligence.
C.T share new findings abut dlphin cmmunicatin.
D.T highlight the value f studying dlphins' language.
8．（2024•湛江一模）
Tp Cffee﹣prducing Cuntries
Brazil
Back in the 18th century，Brazil started grwing cffee.Nw，arund 300，000 cffee farmers in Brazil prduce abut 40% f the wrld's cffee.Arabica （阿拉比卡咖啡） takes up 70% f the cffee beans grwn in the cuntry.In Brazil，3% f exprt incme is frm cffee beans.Brazilians are wild abut drinking their cffee and cnsume it all day lng.
Vietnam
Cffee fund its way t Vietnam in the 1800s.Nw cffee industry emplys almst 3 millin peple.Mst f Vietnam's cffee prductin is the less appreciated Rbusta （罗布斯塔咖啡） variety.Because f that，mst cffee beans grwn in Vietnam are fr instant cffee.Despite cffee's ppularity as an exprt crp，the Vietnamese still prefer tea.They als make a famus Cappuccin （卡布奇诺咖啡） nt fund elsewhere—famus because it gets a dse f raw egg if that's t yur liking.
Clmbia
Cffee was intrduced int Clmbia in the early 1700s.In Clmbia，abut 2.3 millin acres f land are planted with cffee.Cffee is the mst imprtant agricultural exprt.There are arund 555，000 cffee grwers in Clmbia.The majrity f Clmbian cffee plantatins are wned by families.Clmbians typically start their mrning with a tint.It's a small cup f black cffee that's sweetened with sugar.They may add cinnamn r ther spices t jazz it up.
Indnesia
Indnesia has a lng cffee histry that ges back t the 1600s，which has its share f ups and dwns.In the late 19th century，the terrible cffee rust disease caused death t many f the high﹣quality cffee plants.T prevent this frm happening again，Indnesia replanted with the disease﹣resistant Rbusta cffee.Arabica beans still play a part in the Indnesian cffee market，representing abut 25% f cffee beans grwn there.
（1）Which f the fur cuntries started grwing cffee earliest？
A．Brazil.
B．Vietnam.
C．Clmbia.
D．Indnesia.
（2）What is special abut Vietnam？
A．A unique kind f cffee drink is made there.
B．High﹣quality cffee beans are prduced there.
C．Cffee was prduced fr the hme market there.
D．Cffee planting met with prblems in the 1990s there.
（3）What d Brazil and Clmbia have in cmmn？
A．Cffee exprts are grwing in bth cuntries.
B．They bth have a cffee﹣lving ppulatin.
C．They share the same number f cffee grwers.
D．Cffee farms are wned by families in bth cuntries.
9．（2024•雨花区校级模拟） In the endless sky，the unaided human eye shuld be able t perceive several thusand stars n a clear，dark night.Unfrtunately，grwing light pllutin has impeded peple frm the nightly view.
New citizen﹣science﹣based research thrws alarming light n the prblem f "sky glw"﹣the diffuse illuminatin （漫射照明） f the night sky that is a frm f light pllutin.The data came frm crwd﹣surced bservatins cllected frm arund the wrld as part f Glbe at Night，a prgram develped by astrnmer Cnnie Walker.
Light pllutin has harmful effects n the practice f astrnmy but als n human health and wildlife，since it disturbs the cycle frm sunlight t starlight that bilgical systems have evlved alngside.Furthermre，the lss f visible stars is a great lss f human cultural heritage.Until relatively recently，humans thrughut histry had an impressive view f the starry night sky，and the effect f this nighty spectacle （壮观） is evident in ancient cultures.
Glbe at Night has been gathering data n star visibility since 2006.Anyne can submit bservatins thrugh the Glbe at Night web applicatin.Participants recrd which ne best matches what they can see in the sky withut any telescpes r ther instruments.
Researchers find that the lss f visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness f 9.6% per year while rughly 2% is measured by satellites.Existing satellites are nt well suited t measuring sky glw as it appears t humans，because they can nt detect wavelengths shrter than 500 nanmeters （纳米）.White LEDs，with shrter wavelengths under 500 nanmeters，nw are increasingly cmmnly used in utdr lighting.But human eyes are mre sensitive t these shrter wavelengths at nighttime.Space﹣based instruments d nt measure light frm windws，either.But these surces are significant cntributrs t sky glw us seen frm the grund.
"The increase in sky glw ver the past decade underlines the imprtance f redubling ur effrts and develping new strategies t prtect dark skies，" said Walker. "The Glbe at Night dataset is necessary in ur nging evaluatin f changes in sky glw，and we encurage whever can t get invlved t help prtect the starry night sky."
（1）What des the underlined wrd "impeded" in the first paragraph mean？
A．separated.
B．disabled.
C．demanded.
D．prtected.
（2）What des the lss f visible stars lead t？
A．Prer human health.
B．Fewer wildlife species.
C．Mre delicate bilgical systems.
D．Less nightly culture elements f the sky.
（3）What des the authr stress in paragraph 5？
A．Crwd surced data are invaluable.
B．Shrter wavelengths are hard t detect.
C．Satellites play a vital rle.
D．White LEDs are widely used.
（4）What can be inferred frm Walker's wrds？
A．Their cnsistent effrts pay ff.
B．The dataset needs t be updated.
C．The sky glw has been ver﹣emphasized.
D．Mre participants are expected t jin in.
10．（2024•良庆区校级二模） Natinal parks like Yellwstne are ppular destinatins fr bth family vacatins and adventure trips alike.But there are sme places that simply dn't get the lve that they deserve despite the fact that they are truly impressive.
Isle Ryale Natinal Park
Lcated in the heart f Lake Superir，Isle Ryale requires a bit f wrk t reach，but it is well wrth the effrt.Access is permitted nly thrugh daily ferries，which is why larger parks like Yellwstne see mre visitrs in a day than Isle Ryale sees in a year.Wildlife like wlves are frequently sptted by hikers alng the park's scenic trails.
Dry Trtugas Natinal Park
Anther island park，the Dry Trtugas can be fund 68 miles t the suthwest f the Flrida Keys.Accessible nly by bat r plane，this park is actually quite small，but it's packed with histry，abundant sea life，and amazing cral reefs.At the center f the park is Frt Jeffersn，the largest masnry（砖石）structure in the Western Hemisphere.
Wrangell﹣St.Elias Natinal Park
Cvering mre than 13.2 millin acres，Wrangell﹣St Elias Natinal Park is the largest in the entire and mstly undevelped，this is a park that demands mre frm its visitrs，after all there are just tw rads that lead int it.But in return，it gives them a special cnnectin with nature that simply isn't fund anywhere else.
Big Bend Natinal Park
Travelers lking fr a truly wild experience shuld have Big Bend Natinal Park n their bucket lists.Big Bend is well knwn fr its whitewater rafting camping，and hiking althugh during the summer mnths it can be intensely warm，keeping many visitrs away.
（1）What is the main reasn fr fewer visitrs t Isle Ryale Natinal Park？
A．The terrible wrk.
B．The dangerus wlves.
C．The remte lcatin.
D．The incnvenient transprt.
（2）Which park will yu visit if yu are interested in histry？
A．Big Bend Natinal Park.
B．Isle Ryale Natinal Park.
C．Dry Trtugas Natinal Park.
D．Wrangell St.Elias Natinal Park.
（3）Hw is Wrangell﹣St.Elias Natinal Park different frm the ther three parks？
A．With its wide rads.
B．With its large area.
C．With its beautiful scenery.
D．With its special visitrs
11．（2024•新泰市校级一模） If yu live in a regin where winter weather is a regular risk，yu are likely used t puring salt n yur sidewalks.But hw des it wrk？And hw much salt d humans pur nt ur planet's surface？The secnd questin is easier t answer：a lt.
Salt desn't directly melt ice，nr des it make snw simply disappear.Instead it makes water less likely t freeze in a phenmenn called freezing pint depressin.In the case f simple rck salt，which is a rawer，less pure versin f table salt，each mlecule （分子） splits int smaller elements.Nrmally，when water freezes int ice，its mlecules line up t frm a stable，rderly structure.Salt interrupts the prcess，hwever，and temperatures must drp lwer t vercme that interruptin and fr freezing t ccur.
But if salt needs t interact with liquid water，hw des it d anything when temperatures are stubbrnly belw freezing，and water shuld already be in the frm f ice？That's where cars help clear their wn way by creating frictin and，in turn，heat.The frictin allws fr the ice that has already frzen t melt a little bit，making it unlikely t freeze.
Beynd rck salt's ability t clear icy streets，it can als be destructive.Chlride ins （氯离子） can cause wear and tear n vehicles and facilities.Increasing chlride densities in Nrth American lakes culd begin t upset lcal eclgy and degrade surces f drinking water.
Many lcal gvernments are lking fr alternatives t rck salt.Other salts such as magnesium chlride and calcium chlride wrk in the same way as rck salt，and they're perhaps even mre efficient.Sme experiments are testing ther ice﹣preventing slutins，including thse that cntain sugars instead f r in additin t salts.Anther apprach relies mre heavily n sand，which can mechanically make rads safer.All f this experimentatin is aimed at ensuring peple can travel in any weather cnditin —a Herculean task when winter brings its wrst.
（1）What's the purpse f the first sentence in Paragraph 2？
A．T intrduce the tpic.
B．T give sme evidence.
C．T define the phenmenn.
D．T reveal the miscnceptin.
（2）Hw des salt wrk t disturb the prcess f freezing？
A．By lwering the temperature.
B．By melting and splitting itself.
C．By lining up t frm a slid structure.
D．By stpping the frmatin f the structure.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "densities" in Paragraph 4 mean？
A．Cncentratins.
B．Weights.
C．Qualities.
D．Salts.
（4）What's the last paragraph mainly talking abut？
A．Other salts wn't disturb lcal eclgy.
B．Effrts are being made t guarantee safe travels.
C．Many alternatives are available t slve the prblem.
D．Bitter winter make it impssible t secure rad safety.
12．（2024•青羊区校级模拟）"Sn，yu're ging t have t mve ut!" cried my neighbr upn seeing the largest tmat plant knwn t mankind，r at least knwn in my neighbrhd.
One tiny 9﹣inch plant，bught fr ＄1.25 in the spring，has already taken ver much f my rse bed，cvering much f ther plants，and is well n its way t the frnt dr.
Rses require a gd deal f care，and if it weren't fr the pleasure they give，it wuldn't be wrth the wrk.As it is，I have a garden full f sweet﹣smelling rses fr mst f the year.Bushes must be pruned（剪枝）in early spring，leaving ugly wdy branches until the new grwth appears a few weeks later.It was the space available in the garden that led me int planting just ne little tmat plant.A big mistake.
Sil cnditins made just perfect fr rses turn ut t be even mre perfect fr tmates.The daily watering cupled with full sun and regular fertilizing（施肥）have turned the little plant int a tall bush.The cage I placed arund it as the plant grew has lng since disappeared under the thick leaves.
Nw the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twfld：First，I have t find the red nes amng the leaves，which means I almst have t stand n my head，and nce fund I have t reach dwn and under，pick the tmates and withdraw（缩回）my full fist withut drpping the prize s dearly wn.I fund tw full﹣blwn white rses cmpletely hidden as I picked tmates in June，but they were weak and the leaves already yellw fr lack f light.
Here I am faced with a painful small decisin：T tear up a wnderful and prductive tmat plant that ffers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tmates each day r say gdbye t several expensive and treasured rses.Like Scarlett in Gne With the Wind，I'll think abut that tmrrw.
（1）What are the requirements fr the healthy grwth f rses？
A．A lt f care and the right sil.
B．Frequent pruning and fertilizing.
C．Tmat plants grwn alngside.
D．Cages placed arund the rts.
（2）The writer planted the tmat because .
A．it cst nly ＄1.25
B．the sil was just right fr it
C．there was rm fr it in the garden
D．the rses' branches needed t be cvered
（3）This year the writer's rses were .
A．remved frm the rse bed
B．picked alng with the tmates
C．mstly damaged by t much sunlight
D．largely hidden under the tmat plant
（4）By saying "the prize s dearly wn" in paragraph 5，the writer wants t .
A．shw the difficulty in picking the tmates
B．shw the hardship f grwing the rses
C．express her liking fr the rses
D．express her care fr the tmates
13．（2024•长安区一模） We may weep fr the dd，but culd and shuld we bring this lvely bird back frm the dead？De﹣extinctin is the science f restring lst species and it has been in the news fr decades.
The stry in mdern times began in 1990 when Michael Crichtn published his science fictin nvel Jurassic Park，in which he imagined a wrld where scientists were able t bring dinsaurs back t life.Crichtn imagined that plymerase chain reactin （PCR） technlgy culd be a way t amplify （放大） tiny quantities f dinsaur DNA and thus build a living embry.
Sadly，bilgists sn realized that DNA in fact breaks dwn super﹣fast；even after 100 years，DNA frm museum skins f dds was decayed （腐烂） beynd repair.They culd be sequenced （测定序列） using massive cmputatinal pwer，but then nly with cnsiderable uncertainty.And even if yu capture a DNA sequence，there's still the prblem f hw yu get living cells t read that sequence and express prteins that make the dinsaur r the dd.
But why wuld anyne want t see mammths，r smething like them，raming （漫游） present﹣day Siberia？Well，they were undubtedly amazing beasts.As well as hunting them，ur distant ancestrs painted their likenesses in caves acrss Eurpe.Fascinating as they may be，there's sme eclgical justificatin fr the prject t.
It was this diversity f land surface，brken up by heavy limbs and randmly fertilised by faeces （排泄物），that supprted s much flra （植物群）.Withut the mammths，that diversity disappeared.Return them and landscapes wuld nce again be with a variety f species，including flwers and bushes.
True，it's nt de﹣extinctin in the sense f bringing a lng﹣dead species back t life.Instead it's mre like making a "dd" by engineering a mdern pigen，its clsest relative，t becme huge and flightless.The result wuld be a big，fatty pigen that，whether it lked like a dd r nt，wuld prbably fulfil sme f its eclgical rles.
As a palaentlgist，I wuld f curse lve t see living dinsaurs，mammths and dds.In sme ways，thugh，I am relieved that the ptimistic claims fr clning and genetic technlgies have nt been brne ut.The slwdwn gives us time t cnsider the utcmes—and hpefully avid sme f Michael Crichtn's mre fevered imaginings.
（1）What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut？
A．A science fictin review.
B．The develpment f DNA.
C．An inspired guess f de﹣extinctin.
D．The applicatin f PCR technlgy.
（2）What's the barrier t clning a living embry？
A．DNA is hard t keep fr lng.
B．Cmputatinal pwer is limited.
C．Bilgists are ppsed t it.
D．Living cells can?t be sequenced.
（3）Why are peple interested in clning extinct species？
A．They expect t seek hunt fun.
B．They lack surces f mdern art.
C．They need them fr research.
D．They want t see bidiversity.
（4）What's the authr's attitude tward clning extinct species？
A．Cautius.
B．Unclear.
C．Dismissive.
D．Apprving.
14．（2024•湖北模拟） As Pakistan and China are marking 2023 as a Year f Turism，Pakistan's breathtaking natural beauty，diverse cultural heritage and histrical landmarks are all set t catch the attentin f turists.
Balchistan：Nature's Bunty Unveiled
Stretching acrss vast expanses，Balchistan is Pakistan's largest prvince，basting nt nly abundant mineral resurces but unique natural beauty.Its muntain ranges，mines and extensive castal belt，which is hme t the prsperus Gwadar Prt，attract adventurers.
Punjab：A Tapestry f Histry and Heritage
In the heart f Pakistan lies Punjab prvince，a land f green agricultural fields，intricate（交错的） river netwrks，ancient frts and charming Mughal﹣era gardens.Over tw millennia（千年） ag，the Gandhara Buddhist civilizatin thrived in nrthern Pakistan，with Taxil a serving as its primary center f learning.
Sindh：A Tapestry f Histry and Culture
Sindh，in Pakistan's suthern regin，weaves tgether a tale f histry and natural beauty.It is hme t the ancient city f Mhenj﹣Dar，a relic f the Indus Valley Civilizatin，alng with the mdern city f Karachi and its picturesque castline.
Nrthern Pakistan：Nature's Masterpiece
Spread ver 72，496 square kilmeters，Pakistan's nrthern regins are a masterpiece f nature.Amng twering peaks，including numerus summits ver 8，000 meters，peaceful valleys like Gilgit，Hunza and Skardu ffer a brief escape.
As Pakistan invites the wrld t explre its diverse and fascinating landscapes，it als extends a warm invitatin t discvery the histry，spirituality and natural wnders that define this remarkable natin.
（1）As a Buddhist，yur favrite destinatin in Pakistan might be .
A.Balchistan
B.Punjab
C.Sindh
D.Gilgit
（2）What d the fur parts have in cmmn？
A.Natural beauty.
B.Histrical rigin.
C.Cultural relics.
D.Diverse resurces.
（3）The passage serves as a（n） .
A.guidance
B.intrductin
C.cmmercial
D.ntice
15．（2024•浉河区校级二模） It's 1：30 am in Kenya's ppulated nrth，and 50 peple are lying n their backs n the shre f a dried﹣up river，staring up at the night sky.These stargazers have travelled 250 miles t Samburu t witness the Perseid meter shwer（英仙座流星雨）.They are nt disappinted：Every few minutes，arrws f light sht acrss the sky like silent firewrks.
The Star Safari is rganised by a Kenyan astrnmer，Susan Murabana，wh has brught a 50 kg，170 cm﹣lng telescpe t allw the grup t view Mars and deep﹣sky bjects.But here in Samburu，where light pllutin is minimal，the Perseid meters—visible with the naked eye （裸眼）—steal the shw.
Every tw mnths，Murabana and her husband lad their telescpe n t the rf f their 4×4 and set ff t rural cmmunities，where they give up t 300 children a chance t view the planets and learn abut cnstellatins （星座） and the basics f astrphysics.They primarily targets schls in remte areas because f her missin t give girls an pprtunity that she wishes had been available t her.
"When I started this wrk，I didn't see peple wh lked like me.I was a lne ranger and I wanted t change that." says Murabana.
"There is a cmmn miscnceptin in Kenya that astrnmy in general is hard，bring，and nly fr bys，" she adds. "I'd like t teach yung girls that astrnmy is neither f these things and that they，t，can becme astrnmers，" says Murabana.
Murabana's passin fr astrnmy began in her early 20s when her uncle invited her t jin a similar utreach sessin rganized by the Csms Educatin. "That was a gamechanger.If an utreach grup had cme t me when I was a yung teenager，my attitude twards a career in astrnmy wuld have been psitive.I ended up studying scilgy and ecnmics，but maybe I wuld have desired t be an astrnmer，" she says.
Inspired by the Csms Educatin，Murabana cmpleted an nline master's degree in astrnmy with the James Ck University in 2011 and set up her wn utreach prgramme.She lked t Dr Mae Jemisn，the first black wman in space，as a rle mdel. "I hpe that ne day，thrugh this wrk，I will spark a chain reactin that leads t the first African wman in space."
（1）What d the underlined wrds "steal the shw" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Ruin the effrt.
B．Face the challenge.
C．Attract mre attentin.
D．Keep the prmise.
（2）Why des Murabana target girl students in remte areas？
A．T help them ut f pverty.
B．T inspire their lve f astrnmy.
C．T lk fr assistants fr her wrk.
D．T give them an edge ver bys in studies.
（3）What can we learn abut Murabana frm paragraph 6？
A．She enjyed playing games.
B．She lnged t be an astrnmer.
C．She is an initiatr f Csms Educatin.
D．She regretted nt taking astrnmy earlier.
（4）What's the passage mainly abut？
A．The birth f a Kenyan wman astrnmer.
B．The prejudice against girls in rural Kenyan.
C．The Kenyan astrnmer bringing astrnmy t the peple.
D．The Kenyan stargazers watching the Perseid meters shwer.
16．（2024•长春模拟） Raised in a fatherless hme，my father was extremely tightfisted twards us children.His attitude didn't sften as I grew int adulthd and drifted away t cllege.I had t ride the bus whenever I came hme.Thugh the bus stpped abut tw miles frm hme，Dad never met me，even in cld weather.If I grumbled（嘟囔），he'd say in his ludest father vice，"That's what yur legs are fr!"
The walk didn't bther me as much as the fear f walking alne alng the highway and cuntry rads.I als felt less than valued that my father didn't seem cncerned abut my safety.That feeling was canceled ne spring evening.
It had been a particularly difficult week at cllege after lng hurs in labs.I lnged fr hme.When the bus reached a stp，I stepped ff and dragged my suitcase t begin the lng jurney hme.
A rw f hedge（篱笆） edged the driveway that climbed the hill t ur huse.Once I had turned ff the highway t start the last lap f my jurney，I was always relieved t see the hedge because it meant that I was almst hme.On that particular evening，the hedge had just cme int view when I saw smething gray mving alng the tp f the hedge，mving tward the huse.Upn clser bservatin，I realized it was the tp f my father's head.Then I knew，each time I'd cme hme，he had std behind the hedge，watching，until he knew I had arrived safely.I swallwed hard against the threatening tears.He did care，after all.
On later visits，that spt f gray became my watchtwer.I culd hardly wait until I was clse enugh t watch fr its secret mvement abve the greenery.Upn reaching hme，I wuld find my father sitting inncently in his chair."S!My sn，it's yu!"he'd say，his face lengthening int pretended surprise.
I replied，"Yes，Dad，it's me.I'm hme."
（1）What did the authr think f the tw﹣mile walk hme？
A.It reflected his value.
B.It was the mst trublesme.
C.It wasn't ranked number ne in his cncerns.
D.It was extremely unbearable in cld weathers.
（2）Hw did the authr feel when he saw the hedge？
A.Disappinted.
B.Hpeful.
C.Frustrated.
D.Regretful.
（3）Why did the authr's father watch behind the hedge？
A.The authr ften changed rutes back hme.
B.He wanted t help the authr build up curage.
C.He was really cncerned abut his sn's safety.
D.That was the nly way he culd express his lve.
（4）Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text？
A.Father's Secret.
B.My Childhd Life.
C.Terrible Jurney Hme.
D.Riding Bus Alne.
17．（2024•呼和浩特一模） The Asch Cnfrmity Experiments，cnducted by psychlgist Slmn Asch in the 1950s，demnstrated the pwer f cnfrmity. （从众） in grups and shwed that even simple bjective facts cannt resist the pressure f grup influence.
In the experiments，grups f university students were asked t participate in a perceptin test.In reality，all but ne f the participants were "cnfederates"，cperatrs with the experimenter wh nly pretended t be participants.The study was abut hw the remaining student wuld react t the behavir f the ther "participants".
The participants f the experiment were presented with a card with a simple vertical （垂直） black line n it.Then，they were given a secnd card with three lines f varying length labeled A．B，and C．One line n the secnd card was the same length as that n the first，and the ther tw lines were bviusly lnger and shrter.
Participants were asked t state ut lud in frnt f each ther which line，A，B，r C，matched the length f the line n the first card.In each experimental case，the cnfederates answered first，and the real participant was seated s that he wuld answer last.In sme cases，the cnfederates answered crrectly，while in thers，they answered incrrectly.
Asch intended t see if the real participant wuld be pressured t answer incrrectly in the instances when the cnfederates did s，r whether their belief in their wn perceptin and crrectness wuld utweigh the scial pressure prvided by the respnses f the ther grup members.
Asch fund that ne﹣third f real participants gave the same wrng answers as the cnfederates at least half the time.Frty percent gave sme wrng answers，and nly ne﹣furth gave crrect answers in defiance f the pressure t cnfrm t the wrng answers prvided by the grup.
In interviews fllwing the trials，Asch fund that fr thse wh answered incrrectly，in cnfrmance with the grup，sme believed that the answers given by the cnfederates were crrect，sme thught that they were suffering a lapse（失误） in perceptin when they riginally had the answer different frm the grup，and thers admitted that they knew that they had the crrect answer，but cnfrmed t the incrrect answer because they didn't want t break frm the majrity.
（1）What are the participants asked t d in the experiment？
A．Label the cards with different letters.
B．Pick ut tw lines f the same length.
C．State the reasn fr matching the cards.
D．Identify the lngest vertical black line.
（2）What's paragraph 5 mainly abut？
A．The result f the experiment.
B．The design f the experiment.
C．The purpse f the experiment.
D．The prcedure f the experiment.
（3）What des the underlined part "in defiance f" in paragraph 6 mean？
A．In spite f.B．Fr fear f.
C．In respnse t.D．On accunt f.
（4）Why did the real participants give a wrng answer？
A．They misunderstd the questin.
B．They believed their wn judgment.
C．They failed t resist grup influence.
D．They wanted t be different frm thers.
18．（2024•贵溪市校级模拟） Eva，the Belgian Malinis，is hme nw，getting a well﹣deserved rest surrunded by new tys after nearly dying while prtecting her human frm a muntain lin.
The attack happened n May 16 in nrthern Califrnia when 24﹣year﹣ld Erin Wilsn headed dwn a path tward the Trinity River befre she fund herself crnered by a muntain lin. "I was just walking dwn the slpe with the dg running ahead f me.I turned arund and there was this cat just grwling at me and it attacked me，" Wilsn tld NPR. "I screamed fr Eva and she came running."
Muntain lin attacks n humans are incredibly rare.Since 1890，Califrnia has recrded nly six fatal muntain lin attacks because f the animal's generally shy，reclusive （独处的） nature.Their preferred prey is deer，which are nrmally in abundance in their frested habitat，but recent drught cnditins have made fd scarce in sme areas.Wilsn thught that these cnditins made the sudden appearance f a slim wman lk like an attractive ptin.
T prtect her human，Eva leapt between Wilsn and the lin，tackling the wild cat and embarked n a life﹣and﹣death struggle between the tw animals.After a shrt fight，the muntain lin gt its jaws arund Eva's head and Wilsn fught t free her dg，hitting the lin with rcks in an attempt t break its grip.Eventually，Wilsn ran back t her truck and flagged dwn passing mtrist Sharn Hustn fetching an irn bar frm her truck.Wilsn and Hustn ran back dwn the trail and their cmbined effrts managed t frighten the big cat ff.
Wunded herself and shaken by the experience，Wilsn still managed t carry Eva back t the Animal Hspital.The 2﹣year﹣ld dg didn't need surgery，but her wunds were still extensive.Eva left the animal hspital n May 19 with surgical tape wrapped arund bth her frnt paws，and the veterinarian said she might lse sight in her left eye.
（1）What made Erin Wilsn the target f the muntain lin？
A．The abundant deer in their frested habitat.
B．The lack f prey due t extreme cnditins.
C．The muntain lin's shy and reclusive nature.
D．The slim and attractive appearance f Wilsn.
（2）What d the underlined wrds "embarked n" mean in paragraph 4？
A．Made up.
B．Went n.
C．Strve t.
D．Kicked ff.
（3）Hw did Wilsn drive the muntain lin ff？
A．She freed a dg and threw rcks at it fiercely.
B．She stpped a passing driver and brke its grip.
C．She gathered lcal peple and shuted ludly at it.
D．She used a tl and scared it away with anther driver.
（4）Which f the fllwing can best describe Eva accrding t the passage？
A．Heric and lyal.
B．Obedient but weak.
C．Friendly and dependable.
D．Determined and naughty.
19．（2024•怀仁市校级四模）Reshaping the wrld fr a fssil fuel﹣free future means wrking quickly.Climate scientists say carbn emissins must stp by 2025 t minimize envirnmental damage.And by designing cmputatinal materials tgether with makers wh can build and test them quickly，scientists can rapidly develp technlgies like mre pwerful slar cells and car batteries.
Michael is the name f a supercmputer devted t just ne task–discvering the ultimate battery system.Researchers at University Cllege Lndn will use Michael t digitally build and test prttypes（原型）in every new material and type f cell pssible t imprve battery life，perfrmance and price.
Finding a resilient（弹性的）design fr slid﹣state batteries wuld be a huge breakthrugh fr electric vehicles and energy strage.Lighter，lnger﹣lasting and cheaper slid﹣state technlgy culd vastly imprve vehicle range and charging time.And the energy frm slar and wind pwer culd be mre efficiently stred until ready fr use.
Scientists wrking in the US and the UK led the way in the 1970s in develping the lithium﹣in（锂离子）battery used in tday's electric cars，laptps and cameras But cmmercial units were nly develped nce the Japanese electrnics giant pushed the technlgy frward fr mass prductin.Partnerships between cmpanies and universities culd ultimately crack slid﹣state battery design.Oxfrd University and sme cmpanies are lking t win the internatinal race t create a durable prduct.But they are nly ne amng many.
Replacing liquid used in lithium﹣in batteries with a slid cnductr may take large digital prcessing.Electric vehicle makers are wrking with a cmputer giant t find successful designs that may include cheap and plentiful materials fund in seawater.An electric vehicle maker is partnering with NASA t pen a slid﹣state battery plant that uses n rare r expensive metals.The plan is t create a large database f materials that can be mixed and matched fr the best cmbinatins.
But cmputatinal materials may be needed in virtually every industry.And by rapidly classifying millins f substances n their ability t cnduct electricity，their tughness，r the way they reflect light，AI and supercmputers can speed up the prcess f creating materials fr just abut anything.
（1）What message des paragraph 1 cnvey？
A．It's t fast t design cmputatinal materials.
B．It's t late t reshape the fssil fuel﹣free wrld.
C．Develping green energy can reduce carbn emissins.
D．Develping technlgy can speed up carbn emissins.
（2）What are slid﹣state batteries expected t be like？
A．Heavy and slid.
B．Light but breakable.
C．Less﹣cstly and wrkable.
D．Expensive but efficient.
（3）Why des the authr mentin Oxfrd University in paragraph 4？
A．T shw the weakness f mass prductin.
B．T shw the gd trend f the cperatin.
C．T shw the difficulty f the battery design.
D．T shw the develpment f British technlgy.
（4）What can be the best title fr the text？
A．Michael Is Devted t String Slar Energy.
B．Cmpanies and NASA Will Push Technlgy Frward.
C．Electric Vehicle Makers Are Struggling t Slve Air Pllutin.
D．Supercmputers and AI Can Create Future Lw﹣carbn Industries.
20．（2024•淅川县校级三模）
MiG Prize 2022
The Michel Gelrubin Architecture Prize is designed t bring ut new talents by giving students an pprtunity fr internatinal recgnitin.Open internatinally，the Prize is awarded annually t hnr students whse wrk demnstrates a cmbinatin f visin and talent in the art f architecture and planning.
This Year's Challenge
This year's cmpetitin invites prpsals fr prjects that integrate at least 3 different uses int a building.The prjects shuld include private and public spaces，and cnsider the urban cntext.
Timeline
Launch：August 1st，2022
Registratin Deadline：September 15th，2022（registratin is free）
Submissin Deadline：Nvember 19th，2022
Result Annuncement：December 17th，2022
Prizes
First prize ＄5，000
Secnd prize ＄2，500
Third Prize ＄1，500
The Jury（评委会）
The prjects will be scred based n their riginality，design，envirnmental effects，and presentatin.
Participatin
The cmpetitin is pen t any student studying architecture during the academic year2022﹣2023.Candidates can apply as individuals r as teams.
Materials
Electrnic submissin f the prject files must include：
• Psters that integrate the dcuments explaining the prject（plans，sectins，elevatins，phts，renderings （透视图） ，illustratins，images，diagrams，and text）
A presentatin f the prject（max 15 slides）
A vide file （max 3 min.） is ptinal but highly recmmended.
All the dcuments must be written in English and sent in a PDF frmat（except the vides）.
Fr mre infrmatin，see https：//migprize.cm.
（1）What d we knw abut the cmpetitin？
A．It ffers ＄1，500 fr secnd prize.
B．It is pen t all graduates in architecture.
C．It charges an all﹣time lw registratin fee this year.
D．It fcuses n designing a mixed﹣use building this year.
（2）By which time shuld all the prject files be handed in？
A．August 1st，2022.
B．September 15th，2022.
C．Nvember 19th，2022.
D．December 17th，2022.
（3）Which f the fllwing must be included in the submissin？
A．Integrated psters in the English versin.
B．A vide file f n mre than 3 minutes.
C．A presentatin f n less than 15 slides.
D．Paper dcuments explaining the prject.
21．（2024•贵溪市校级模拟） Yu are what yu eat﹣and what yu eat may be encded in yur DNA．Studies have indicated that yur genes play a rle in determining the fds yu find delicius r disgusting.But exactly hw big a rle they play has been difficult t figure ut. "Everything has a genetic cmpnent.even if it's small， "says Janne Cle，a geneticist at the University f Clrad Schl f Medicine. "We knw that there is sme genetic cntributin t why we eat the fds we eat Can we take the next step and actually lcate the regins in the genme （基因）？"
New research led by Cle has gtten a step clser.Thrugh a large﹣scale genmics analysis，her team has identified 481 genme regins that were directly linked t dietary patterns and fd preferences.The findings，which have nt yet been peer﹣reviewed，were presented last mnth at the American Sciety fr Nutritin's annual cnference.
The team based the new study n a 2020 Nature Cmmunicatins study by Cle and her clleagues that used data frm the ，a public database f the genetic and health infrmatin f 500，000 participants.By scanning genmes，the new analysis was able t identify 194 regins assciated with dietary patterns and 287 linked t specific fds such as fruit，cheese，fish，tea and alchl Further understanding hw genetics impact hw we eat culd reveal differences in nutritinal needs r disease risks.
"One f the prblems with a lt f these genmics studies is that they're very small.They dn't have enugh peple t really be able t identify genes in ways that are credible.This study had a huge grup f peple，s it's really pwerful. " says Mnica Dus，a geneticist at the University f Michigan. "The ther thing that I thught was really great is that there are s many different traits that they're measuring related t diet including chlesterl （胆固醇）.the bdy and sciecnmic backgrunds. " As the research advances.Dus says，such genme analysis culd ptentially assist health care prviders and even plicymakers t address larger issues that affect fd access and health.
It's definitely true that it may cntribute t making sure there aren't fd deserts﹣areas which have limited access t fresh，healthy and affrdable fd﹣r t making sure that there's a higher minimum wage s that everyne can affrd t eat，althugh the jurney ahead remains lengthy and challenging
（1）Hw did researchers cnduct the present study？
A．By invlving a substantial number f participants.
B．By directly analyzing the data frm a public database.
C．By building n a previus study based n large﹣scale data.
D．By identifying genme regins assciated with dietary patterns.
（2）Which statement will Mnica Dus prbably agree with？
A．Pwerful participants were invlved in the current study.
B．The methds emplyed fr the previus studies were credible.
C．The genme analyses have helped address larger scial issues.
D．Varius features linked t diet were cnsidered in the present study.
（3）What's the authr's attitude twards the present study？
A．Critical.
B．Optimistic.
C．Skeptical.
D．Indifferent.
（4）What is the text mainly abut？
A．The benefits f latest large﹣scale diet﹣related genme analyses.
B．The cntributin f genes t diet patterns and fd preferences.
C．The significance f a newly published diet﹣related genme discvery.
D．The intrductin f a research n identifying diet﹣related genme regins.
22．（2024•信都区校级模拟） Well，it isn't a lng stry，but I wnder if yu will really understand.
I used t be crazy abut hunting.There's a thrill in hunting，an excitement that cmes ver yu when a deer crashes ut f the bush.After hunting，yu feel great t shw ff with the bys.
It was like that the last time I was in the wds.I went up int the hills alne，heading fr a well﹣used deer trail.Sure enugh there were fresh tracks in the snw.Then I saw him.A deer，a big beautiful deer!Surely I culdn't miss!I waited fr him t realize I was there and run away.But he fled me cmpletely.He came twards me!He was curius，I suppse，r maybe he was stupid—hw else can yu explain it？
He must have knwn abut men and guns.But he came clser，putting ne ft befre the ther，slwly and purpsefully.His big eyes never mved frm my face.Well，that deer walked right up t me.Then he stpped and lked at me!
What happened next is hard t believe，but it's true.And it all seemed quite natural.Just as when a friendly puppy cmes near yu，I reached up and scratched his head，right between the hrns.And he liked t be scratched.That big，wild，beautiful deer bent his head like a yung hrse.In fact，he practically asked fr mre.I scratched his head and his nse pked at my shulder.He didn't even tremble.Well，he finally went his way，dwn the hill and up the deer trail.Sht him？Nt me.Yu wuldn't have either，nt after that.I just watched him g.
There's very little mre t tell.I picked up my therms，and started walking back.I was abut half way back when I heard tw shts，fllwed by a dull slam a few secnds later.Thse tw shts usually mean a kill.I had frgtten there were ther hunters that day.
Thse hunters wuld never knw they culd have scratched his head...
（1）Why did the authr mentin his craze fr hunting？
A.T present a cause.
B.T illustrate an idea.
C.T make a cntrast.
D.T explain a phenmenn.
（2）Why did the authr change his mind and let the deer g？
A.The deer was stupid.
B.The authr was nt prepared.
C.Their interactin sftened the authr.
D.The deer fled the authr int ding that.
（3）What can be inferred frm the text？
A.The deer was prbably killed.
B.The deer was alert t human beings.
C.The authr is an inexperienced hunter.
D.The authr was happy that the deer ran away.
（4）Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text？
A.A Hunting in Late Fall.
B.A Lvely Deer.
C.The Cruel Killing.
D.The Last Hunting.
23．（2024•建平县校级模拟） "It's t sugary，I can't manage very many，" said a friend.She wasn't talking abut dessert but abut sme fresh cherries.I bit int anther cherry and realized she was right.The fruit was s sweet that it was as if it had been pre﹣sugared.
But the cherries f my childhd were much less sweet than tday's cherries.Sme f them were hardly sweet at all，which made it all the mre exciting when yu happened upn a super sweet ne.
Is mdern fruit getting sweeter？The answer is yes.Sme f the mst pwerful evidence cmes frm zs.In 2018，Melburne Z in Australia had stpped giving fruit t mst f its animals because cultivated fruit was nw s sweet that it was causing tth decay and weight gain.
Breeding isn't the nly reasn that mdern fruit is sweeter；there's als climate change.It's fund that since the 1970s，with rising temperatures，Fuji apples have becme significantly sweeter and sfter.
But the sweetness f mdern fruit is nt withut its prblems，especially fr peple with diabetes，wh have t be careful t mderate their intake f higher ﹣ sugar fruits such as pineapple.Fruit that is bred sweeter als tends t be lwer in the phytchemicals （植物化学成分） that make it s healthy.
Health aside，maybe the real prblem with mdern fruit is that it has becme yet anther sweet thing in a wrld filled with sugar.Even grapefruit，which used t be quite bitter，is smetimes nw as sweet as ranges.If yu've never tasted a sur cherry，hw can yu fully appreciate a sweet ne？Experts put frwards sme thughts abut hw t appreciate the varius tastes f mdern fruit.
（1）Why des the authr mentin her friend's wrds in Paragraph 1？
A．T intrduce the tpic f the extreme sweetness f mdern cherries.
B．T highlight the cntent f friend's preference fr sur cherries.
C．T emphasize the imprtance f pre﹣sugaring fruits.
D．T shw the breeding and selectin f mdern fruit.
（2）What's the authr' view n the rise f cnsistently sweeter fruit？
A．The authr believes it has n impact n health.
B．The authr sees it as a triumph f plant breeding.
C．The authr thinks it is a bit wrrying in tday's wrld.
D．The authr is cncerned that it will lead t bitterness in fruit.
（3）What is a shrtcming f the mdern fruit accrding t the passage？
A．It is shrt f healthy phytchemicals.
B．It may nt be as tasty as it used t be.
C．It culd lack variety and cntrast in taste.
D．It desn't meet peple's need fr sweetness.
（4）What might the authr cntinue talking abut？
A．The advice n selecting mdern fruit.
B．The appraches t freeing bitter fruit.
C．The cmments abut cultivated grapefruit.
D．The research int the health f z animals.
24．（2024•广西模拟） Perhaps yu knw nrthern Americans still maintain the habit f celebrating Grundhg Day when a large grundhg （土拨鼠） checks t see its shadw n February 2 and helps t predict when winter will end.But have yu ever heard abut hw a muntain twn in Nrth Carlina uses a caterpillar （毛毛虫） knwn as the Wlly Wrm t make similar predictins？
Accrding t the flklre （民间传说），the amunt f black n the wlly wrm in autumn predicts the severity f the upcming winter.The lnger the wlly wrm's black bands （带） are，the lnger，clder，snwier，and mre severe the winter will be.Similarly，a wider middle brwn band is a sign f a milder upcming winter.The psitin f the lngest dark bands suppsedly indicates which part f winter will be cldest r hardest.If the head end f the caterpillar is dark，the beginning f winter will be severe.If the tail end is dark，the end f winter will be cld.In additin，the caterpillar has 13 segments （昆虫的节/段） t its bdy，which traditinal frecasters say crrespnd t the 13 weeks f winter.
Scientific studies n wrm frecasting are rare.American Museum f Natural Histry entmlgist Hward Curran cnducted a small trial in 1948.Having heard abut the caterpillar flklre，Curran headed t Bear Muntain State Park t cllect caterpillars each fall fr eight years.He fund that if the wrms had brwn markings n mre than a third f their bdy，winters tended t be milder.
Mst scientists view the flklre f caterpillar predictins as just that，flklre. "It's a wnderful stry，but I d think it was a playful trial，" says Je Bggs，an entmlgist at Ohi State University Extensin wh has studied wlly wrms. "Curran was a real scientist.He had tns f papers published，but he never published this ne — prbably because he knew it wuldn't stand up t peer review."
Mike Peters，an entmlgist at the University f Massachusetts，desn't disagree，but he says there culd be a link between the band f a caterpillar and the severity f winter.Peters suggests that the timing f their grwth and envirnmental cnditins，such as temperature，misture levels，and fd surces，can impact the appearance f wlly wrms，including their size，clratin，and band patterns.By analyzing these characteristics，researchers can ptentially infer infrmatin abut the weather cnditins. "The band des say smething abut a heavy winter，" he says. "The nly thing is that it's telling yu abut the previus year."
（1）Hw d peple predict the weather thrugh caterpillars？
A．By analyzing their living habits.
B．By measuring the change f their size.
C．By calculating the number f their segments.
D．By studying clr bands n their bdies.
（2）What is Hward Curran's finding based n？
A．His persnal bservatins.
B．An investigatin n the lcals.
C．Studies by previus scientists.
D．Statistics cllected by the museum.
（3）What is Je Bggs's attitude twards the flklre？
A．Psitive.
B．Indifferent.
C．Dubtful.
D．Unclear.
（4）Which statement might Mike Peters agree with？
A．The caterpillar frecasting needs lng﹣term data t supprt it.
B．The clr band f caterpillars can be a mirrr f past weather.
C．The cld envirnment has a great impact n caterpillars' grwth.
D．The caterpillar can help predict the severity f winter accurately.
25．（2024•雨花区校级一模） 3 M and Discvery Educatin annunced Sean Jiang frm Gilman Schl as ne f the tp ten finalists frm acrss the natin fr the 2023 3 M Yung Scientist Challenge.It's a cmpetitin that encurages students t identify an everyday prblem and submit a vide shwing the science behind the slutin he r she came up with.
14﹣year﹣ld Jiang decided t help thse wh can't see.Blind peple had a hard time navigating （导航） bjects that are medium t far range.S Jiang wanted t design smething t give them a heads﹣up n bstacles （障碍） that may be incming.
Jiang's inspiratin came frm the pwers f the hearing system. "I learned in schl that bats and whales are able t use echlcatin （回声定位） t help them navigate and just use their sense f hearing and I als saw n YuTube sme very skilled blind peple that use echlcatin t help them walk，" said Jiang.
Jiang started with a virtual reality setting and then made it a reality.His creatin uses a depth camera that can detect hw clse bjects are，thus giving enugh time t ddge the bstacles.When a blind is walking with the device，the sensr f the depth camera gathers the infrmatin regarding the bstacles' psitin and distance.Then the AI system in it will turn the distance data int musical sund guidance.This culd significantly increase the walking speed f a blind persn as well as decrease the number f bstacles they hit.
Sme ther similar prgrams were alright at finding bjects that were in clse range，but Jiang still wanted the blind t experience the wrld even fuller s they were able t see stuff that was much further away than their circle f reach.
In Octber，the tp ten finalists will cmpete in persn in Minneaplis fr the title f "America's Tp Yung Scientist" and a ＄25，000 prize.
（1）What can we learn abut Jiang frm the first tw paragraphs？
A．He was the champin f the 2023 3 M event.
B．He invented technlgy t remve rad bstacles.
C．He sught t assist the blind in walking smthly.
D．He develped a new navigatin app fr his schl.
（2）Why did Jiang mentin "echlcatin"？
A．T shw the develpment f technlgy.
B．T present the difficulties the blind face.
C．T stress the significance f hearing.
D．T explain the inspiratin f his inventin.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "ddge" mean in paragraph 4？
A．Avid.
B．Encunter.
C．Challenge.
D．Remve.
（4）What is the text mainly abut？
A．3 M facilities intended fr the blind.
B．A teen using sund t help the blind.
C．An inventin t cure visin prblems.
D．A cmpetitin t imprve the blind's life.
2025年菁优高考英语解密之阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共25小题）
1．（2024•宁乡市模拟）LastPass
In this day and age，we need a passwrd fr everything — t access ur cmputer，ur phne，ur bank accunt，all f ur favrite websites and list ges n.Smetimes，it can be trublesme just t remember them all r keep track f them securely.
Luckily，there's LastPass!As the name implies，LastPass is the last passwrd manager app yu will ever need.Thrugh the app，all yu need is ne passwrd t have secure access t all f yur passwrds and private infrmatin.By using the LastPass Authenticatr，yu can use bimetrics（生物识别技术）t lg n with yur face r fingerprint.It's that easy!
Calm
Calm is packed with dzens f features and hundreds f recrdings designed t imprve yur mindfulness，reduce stress and imprve sleep.The free versin includes select features such as daily meditatins（冥想），breathing exercises，a md tracker，as well as dem sleep stries，relaxatin music tracks and guided meditatins.Thrugh a paid subscriptin，the app tailrs itself t yur needs.
Pcket
When brwsing the web，we ften cme acrss interesting articles that we'd lve t read thrugh mre，but just dn't have the time right there and then.But later when we have free time，we cmpletely frget abut the articles we wanted t read!
This is where Pcket can help.The main appeal f Pcket is t add a handy save functin t yur favrite brwser ready t click whenever yu want t save smething fr later.
Mint
With digital payment methds，it is easy t get verwhelmed（不堪重负的）when ne keeps financial recrds due t hw fast and cnvenient it is t make purchases n a variety f platfrms.
Thankfully，Mint is here t help!This free app can autmatically track and rganize all f the purchases yu make，whether it is thrugh digital payment，cash，credit r debit cards.Yu can als link and keep track f yur debit and savings accunts，investments and prperties，and even yur digital subscriptins s yu'll knw if there's been a cst increase.
（1）If peple want t better manage their budgets，they can turn t D .
A.LastPass
B.Calm
C.Pcket
D.Mint
（2）Which f the fllwing statements is true？ C
A.LastPass is the newest passwrd manager app in the market.
B.Calm meets all kind f requirements frm every user.
C.Mst users can chse Pcket t save smething they want t read later.
D.Mint desn't charge but it nly keeps financial recrds thrugh digital payment.
（3）Which f the fllwing wrds can be used t describe the fur apps？ A
A.Energy﹣saving.
B.Mney﹣cnsuming.
C.Mind﹣blwing.
D.Peace﹣keeping.
【考点】应用文；细节理解；推理判断；科技．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇应用文，介绍了四款有用的应用程序。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据Mint部分第二段的This free app can autmatically track and rganize all f the purchases yu make，whether it is thrugh digital payment，cash，credit r debit cards.Yu can als link and keep track f yur debit and savings accunts，investments and prperties，and even yur digital subscriptins s yu'll knw if there's been a cst increase（这个免费应用程序可以自动跟踪和组织你的所有购买，无论是通过数字支付、现金、信用卡还是借记卡。你还可以链接并跟踪你的借记和储蓄账户、投资和房产，甚至你的数字订阅，这样你就可以知道成本是否增加了），可知如果人们想更好地管理预算，他们可以求助于Mint，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Pcket部分第二段的The main appeal f Pcket is t add a handy save functin t yur favrite brwser ready t click whenever yu want t save smething fr later（Pcket的主要吸引力在于为您喜爱的浏览器添加一个方便的保存功能，随时可以点击以保存内容），可知大多数用户可以选择Pcket来保存他们以后要阅读的内容，故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据LastPass部分第二段的Thrugh the app，all yu need is ne passwrd t have secure access t all f yur passwrds and private infrmatin（通过该应用程序，您只需要一个密码即可安全访问您的所有密码和私人信息）；Calm部分的Calm is packed with dzens f features and hundreds f recrdings designed t imprve yur mindfulness，reduce stress and imprve sleep（Calm有几十个功能和数百个录音，旨在提高你的正念，减轻压力，改善睡眠）；Pcket部分第二段的The main appeal f Pcket is t add a handy save functin t yur favrite brwser ready t click whenever yu want t save smething fr later（Pcket的主要吸引力在于为您喜爱的浏览器添加一个方便的保存功能，随时可以点击以保存内容）和Mint部分第二段的This free app can autmatically track and rganize all f the purchases yu make，whether it is thrugh digital payment，cash，credit r debit cards（这个免费应用程序可以自动跟踪和组织你的所有购买，无论是通过数字支付、现金、信用卡还是借记卡），可知这四个app共同具备的特点是提供便利性，帮助用户节约精力，故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
2．（2024•青羊区校级模拟） Ms.McIntyre，38，wrked as a publisher.She suffered brain cancer and her health gt wrse despite sme medical treatment.But she realized that in a way，she was luckier than sme ther peple.She had insurance t help pay fr her medical care.But Ms.McIntyre and her husband，Mr.Gregry，knew that many peple with cancer face tugh decisins because f the csts f medical care and wind up wing far mre than they can pay.
Thugh her health was failing，Ms.McIntyre decided t help pay ff the medical debts f as many peple as she pssibly culd.The cuple began dnating mney t a grup called RIP Medical Debt，which is cmmitted t wrking t pay ff the unpaid medical debts f thers.The grup can pay ff medical bills fr abut 100 times less mney than they cst.In ther wrds，fr every 100 dnated，the grup can pay ff 10，000 in unpaid medical bills.
Unfrtunately，Ms.McIntyre passed away befre psted a message fr Ms.McIntyre n her scial media accunts. "If yu're reading this，I have passed away，" the pst began.Then the pst explained， "T celebrate my life，I've arranged t buy up thers' medical debts and then destry the debts."
The cuple had set up a page n a website t raise mney fr this purpse.They had hped t raise abut ＄20，000.Nevertheless，Ms.McIntyre's last pst attracted a lt f attentin.The dnatins n her web page quickly passed the ttal gal.In less than a week，the site had raised 10 times mre than expected and the dnatins are still cming in.By Nvember 22，2023，Ms.McIntyre's web page had raised ver＄627，000，r enugh mney t pay ff abut ＄60 millin in medical debts.
Mr.Gregry planned a special event in December t celebrate Ms.McIntyre's life and t annunce hw many millins f dllars f medical debts her effrts had paid fr.
（1）Why did Ms.McIntyre feel luckier than sme ther peple？ D
A．The dctrs eventually cured her.
B．Her disease didn't becme wrse.
C．She had a decent jb befre being ill.
D．She had security abut medical care.
（2）Hw did Ms.McIntyre and her husband help thers？ C
A．By paying fr their daily debts.
B．By giving away mney t them.
C．By ridding them f debts frm treatments.
D．By purchasing medical insurance fr them.
（3）What is paragraph 4 mainly abut？ A
A．The public invlvement.
B．The cuple's cmmitment.
C．The peratin f a website.
D．The increase f medical debts.
（4）Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Ms.McIntyre？ B
A．Humrus and elegant.
B．Influential and understanding.
C．Cautius and prmising.
D．Enthusiastic and adaptable.
【考点】记叙文；国际组织与社会公益机构．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了38岁的麦金太尔和丈夫建立了名为RIP医疗债务的组织，来帮助那些无力支付医疗债务的人。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段But she realized that in a way，she was luckier than sme ther peple.She had insurance t help pay fr her medical care（但她意识到，在某种程度上，她比其他一些人幸运。她有保险来支付医疗费用）可知，因为她有医疗保障所以麦金太尔觉得自己比其他人幸运。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Thugh her health was failing，Ms.McIntyre decided t help pay ff the medical debts f as many peple as she pssibly culd.The cuple began dnating mney t a grup called RIP Medical Debt，which is cmmitted t wrking t pay ff the unpaid medical debts f thers（尽管她的健康状况每况愈下，麦金太尔还是决定帮助尽可能多的人还清医疗债务。这对夫妇开始向一个名为RIP医疗债务的组织捐款，该组织致力于为他人偿还未付的医疗债务）可知，麦金太尔女士和她的丈夫通过偿还他人的治疗债务帮助别人。故选C。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段The cuple had set up a page n a website t raise mney fr this purpse.They had hped t raise abut ＄20，000.Nevertheless，Ms.McIntyre's last pst attracted a lt f attentin.The dnatins n her web page quickly passed the ttal gal.In less than a week，the site had raised 10 times mre than expected and the dnatins are still cming in.By Nvember 22，2023，Ms.McIntyre's web page had raised ver ＄627，000，r enugh mney t pay ff abut ＄60 millin in medical debts（这对夫妇在一个网站上建立了一个页面，为这个目的筹集资金。他们原本希望筹集到大约2万美元。尽管如此，麦金太尔的最后一条帖子还是引起了很多关注。她的网页上的捐款很快就超过了总目标。在不到一周的时间里，该网站筹集的资金是预期的10倍，捐款仍在不断增加。到2023年11月22日，麦金太尔的网页已经筹集了超过62.7万美元，足以偿还约6000万美元的医疗债务）可知，第四段主要介绍公众们的参与度。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段She suffered brain cancer and her health gt wrse despite sme medical treatment.But she realized that in a way，she was luckier than sme ther peple.She had insurance t help pay fr her medical care.But Ms.McIntyre and her husband，Mr.Gregry，knew that many peple with cancer face tugh decisins because f the csts f medical care and wind up wing far mre than they can pay（她患上了癌症，尽管接受了一些治疗，但她的健康状况仍然恶化。但她意识到，在某种程度上，她比其他人幸运。她有保险来支付医疗费。但麦金太尔和她的丈夫格雷戈里知道，许多癌症患者因为医疗费用而面临艰难的决定，最终欠下的钱远远超过了他们的支付能力）可知，麦金太尔女士能够理解他人的处境；再根据第四段Nevertheless，Ms.McIntyre's last pst attracted a lt f attentin.The dnatins n her web page quickly passed the ttal gal（尽管如此，麦金太尔的最后一条帖子还是引起了很多关注。她的网页上的捐款很快就超过了总目标）可知，麦金太尔女士很有影响力。故可推知，麦金太尔女士有影响力和理解他人。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．（2024•苏州三模） The Suth Brnx is ne f the prest and mst plluted places in America，with smg﹣chked freeways and smelly wastewater treatment plants.
"We're a dumping grund，" Omar explains."All the garbage frm the rest f New Yrk City ends up here."
But Omar started lking at garbage in a different way，" f t f what peple thrw away is perfectly."gd，"he says."Just lk at that stuff frm cnstructin sites﹣drs，Sinks，tilets.Peple will buy thse things.It's nly called garbage because smebdy threw it away."Omar was just ut f cllege and wrking fr an envirnmental grup called Sustainable Suth Brnx when he started cnsidering hw t get this "gd garbage" t peple wh culd use it.Instead f destrying ld things，why nt clean them up and resell them？Why nt hire peple in the cmmunity t d the wrk？Better yet，why nt make this business a "cperative，"which means the peple wrking in the business wn it and share the prfits？
Out f tis，Omar started the fist cperative in the cuntry dedicated t reusing cnstructin waste T start his business，Omar put up flyers alng the truck﹣jammed，trash﹣filled neighbrhd streets lking fr peple t wrk with him.He sn fund fur ther dedicated wrkers.They rented a warehuse and started lking fr dnatins f used materials.
In April 2008，Omar's cperative，ReBuilders Surce，pened its business and began selling cnstructin supplies﹣ at reasnable prices一t neighbrhd builders and hme wners.With the help f city fficials，he als began panning a new training prgram t help lcal residents learn the skills t get gd jbs that help the envirnment and even start their wn cperatives.Wrkers were trained t carefully take buildings apart s that things like drs and windws can be reused instead f being smashed and sent ff t a landfill.Decnstructing buildings this way culd be a huge industry with many gd jbs fr peple wh need them.
"If yu have a use fr smething，"Omar says，"it's n lnger waste."
（1）Why is the Suth Brnx mentined in the first paragraph？ B
A.T aruse readers' interest.
B.T serve as the backgrund infrmatin.
C.T cntrast with the ther districts.
D.T intrduce a famus place.
（2）Which was Nt the reasn fr Omar's creating a cperative business？ C
A.T prvide jbs fr lcal peple.
B.T deal with dumped rubbish.
C.T increase cperatin amng neighbrs.
D.T make mney frm garbage.
（3）Which f the fllwing wrds best describe Omar？ B
A.Idealistic and business﹣minded.
B.Creative and actin﹣riented.
C.Practical and self﹣fcused.
D.Devted and irn﹣hearted.
（4）Which saying might interpret Omar's actin？ D
A.Knwledge starts with practice.
B.One gd turn deserves anther.
C.Fur eyes see mre than tw.
D.Kill tw birds with ne stne.
【考点】说明文；环境保护．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一个名叫Omar的人如何在美国最贫穷和污染最严重的地方——南布朗克斯，通过创新的方式改变了垃圾处理的方式。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段The Suth Brnx is ne f the prest and mst plluted places in America，with smg﹣chked freeways and smelly wastewater treatment plants.（南布朗克斯是美国最贫穷、污染最严重的地方之一，高速公路烟雾弥漫，污水处理厂臭气熏天。）可知第一段提到南布朗克斯作为背景资料。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段Instead f destrying ld things，why nt clean them up and resell them？Why nt hire peple in the cmmunity t d the wrk？Better yet，why nt make this business a "cperative，"which means the peple wrking in the business wn it and share the prfits？（与其毁掉旧东西，为什么不清理干净再转卖？为什么不雇佣社区里的人来做这项工作呢？更好的是，为什么不把这个企业变成一个"合作社"，这意味着在这个企业工作的人拥有它并分享利润？）可知奥马尔创建合作企业的原因是为当地人提供就业机会，处理倾倒的垃圾，并从垃圾中赚钱。不包括C.T increase cperatin amng neighbrs.（增进邻居之间的合作）。故选C。
（3）观点态度题。根据文章第四段 Out f this，Omar started the first cperative in the cuntry dedicated t reusing cnstructin waste T start his business，Omar put up flyers alng the truck﹣jammed，trash﹣filled neighbrhd streets lking fr peple t wrk with him.He sn fund fur ther dedicated wrkers.They rented a warehuse and started lking fr dnatins f used materials.（出于这一点，奥马尔在该国成立了第一个致力于回收建筑垃圾的合作社，开始了他的生意，奥马尔在卡车堵塞、垃圾遍地的街道上张贴传单，寻找与他一起工作的人。他很快找到了另外四名敬业的员工。他们租了一个仓库，开始寻找二手材料的捐赠。）可知Omar是创造性和行动导向的。A.Idealistic and business﹣minded.理想主义和商业头脑的；B.Creative and actin﹣riented.创造性和行动导向的；C.Practical and self﹣fcused.注重实际和自我的；D.Devted and irn﹣hearted.忠心耿耿，铁石心肠的。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段With the help f city fficials，he als began panning a new training prgram t help lcal residents learn the skills t get gd jbs that help the envirnment and even start their wn cperatives.Wrkers were trained t carefully take buildings apart s that things like drs and windws can be reused instead f being smashed and sent ff t a landfill.Decnstructing buildings this way culd be a huge industry with many gd jbs fr peple wh need them.（在市政府官员的帮助下，他还开始策划一项新的培训计划，帮助当地居民学习技能，找到有助于环境保护的好工作，甚至创办自己的合作社。工人们接受培训，小心翼翼地把建筑物拆开，这样像门和窗户这样的东西就可以重复使用，而不是被打碎后送到垃圾填埋场。以这种方式解构建筑可能会成为一个巨大的产业，为需要的人提供许多好工作。）可知"一石二鸟"这句谚语诠释了奥马尔的行动。故选D。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
4．（2024•宁波二模） The rate f childhd besity in the tripled ver the past 50 years.The American Academy f Pediatrics （AAP） made waves this year by recmmending that dctrs put bese kids as yung as tw years ld n intensive，family﹣riented lifestyle and behavir plans.It als suggested prescribing weight﹣lss drugs t children 12 and lder and surgery t teens 13 and lder.This advice reflects the rganizatin's adptin f a mre active psitin n childhd besity.
Yet the lifestyle prgrams the AAP recmmends are expensive，inaccessible t mst children and hard t maintain.Few weight﹣lss drugs have been apprved fr children.And surgery has ptential risks and few lng﹣term safety data.Furthermre，it's nt clear whether interventins in yungsters help t imprve health r merely add t the psychlgical burden verweight kids face frm the sciety.
Rather than paying clse attentin t numbers n a scale，the cuntries with similar trends shuld fcus n an underlying truth：we need t invest in mre and safer places fr children t play where they can mve and run arund，climb and jump，ride and skate.
Why is it s hard t get kids mving？Experts blame the prblem n the privatizatin f sprts—as public investment in schl﹣based athletics dwindles，expensive private leagues have grwn，leaving many kids ut.In additin t fewer pprtunities at schl，researchers cite increased screen time and a lack f safe places fr them t play utside the hme.New Yrk City，fr example，had 2，067 public playgrunds as f 2019—a very small amunt fr its large ppulatin.In Ls Angeles in 2015，nly 33 percent f yuths lived within walking distance f a park.
Kids everywhere need mre places t play.Public funding t build and keep up these areas is crucial，but ther ptins such as shared﹣use agreements can make unused spaces available t the public.These pprtunities aren't primarily abut changing children's waistlines—they're hw we keep childhd healthy and fun.
（1）What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs？ C
A.Childhd besity is well under cntrl in recent years.
B.Weight﹣lss surgery are recmmended t children 12 and lder.
C.AAP plays a mre active rle in fighting against childhd besity.
D.Expensive as it is，lifestyle prgrams are practical fr mst children.
（2）The underlined wrd "dwindle" is clsest in meaning t A .
A.decline
B.quit
C.increase
D.develp
（3）In the authr's pinin，what measures shuld be taken t create mre safe areas？ D
A.Prepare fitness equipment at hme.
B.Live within walking distance f a park.
C.Prmte investment in private athletics.
D.Open up playgrunds when schl's ut.
（4）What's the main idea f the text？ B
A.Sprts play an imprtant rle in children's grwth.
B.Mre safe areas fr utdr fun are in urgent need.
C.Family﹣riented lifestyles are crucial t children's health.
D.Medical interventin is imprtant t ease psychlgical burden.
【考点】说明文；健康．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】美国儿童肥胖率在过去50年里增长了三倍。美国儿科学会今年建议医生对两岁以上的肥胖儿童进行家庭为导向的生活方式和行为计划，并建议给12岁以上的儿童开处减肥药物，13岁以上的青少年进行手术。然而，这些建议存在成本高、难以获得和难以维持的问题。专家认为，儿童肥胖问题的根源在于缺乏安全的户外活动场所。公共投资减少导致学校体育活动减少，私人联赛的成本增加，使得许多孩子无法参与。因此，需要更多安全的游乐场和公共投资来建设和维护这些场所。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据前两段尤其是第一段的The American Academy f Pediatrics （AAP） made waves this year by recmmending that dctrs put bese kids as yung as tw years ld n intensive，family﹣riented lifestyle and behavir plans.It als suggested prescribing weight﹣lss drugs t children 12 and lder and surgery t teens 13 and lder.This advice reflects the rganizatin's adptin f a mre active psitin n childhd besity.（美国儿科学会（American Academy f Pediatrics，AAP）今年掀起轩然大波，它建议医生让两岁大的肥胖儿童接受密集的、以家庭为导向的生活方式和行为计划。它还建议给12岁及以上的儿童开减肥药，给13岁及以上的青少年开手术。这一建议反映出该组织在儿童肥胖问题上采取了更为积极的立场。）可知我们能从前两段了解到AAP在对抗儿童肥胖方面发挥着更积极的作用。故选C。
（2）词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子Experts blame the prblem n the privatizatin f sprts—as public investment in schl﹣based athletics dwindles，expensive private leagues have grwn，leaving many kids ut.（专家将这一问题归咎于体育运动的私有化——随着对学校体育运动的公共投资减少，昂贵的私人联盟发展起来，将许多孩子拒之门外。）可知划线词意思是"减少，下降"。A.decline下降；B.quit放弃；C.increase增加；D.develp发展。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Kids everywhere need mre places t play.Public funding t build and keep up these areas is crucial，but ther ptins such as shared﹣use agreements can make unused spaces available t the public.These pprtunities aren't primarily abut changing children's waistlines—they're hw we keep childhd healthy and fun.（世界各地的孩子都需要更多玩耍的地方。建设和维护这些区域的公共资金至关重要，但其他选择，如共享使用协议，可以使未使用的空间向公众开放。这些机会主要不是为了改变孩子的腰围，而是为了让我们的童年保持健康和快乐。）可知在作者看来，为了创造更安全的区域应该采取的措施是：学校放假时开放操场。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。阅读全文可知本文主要讲述了美国儿童肥胖率在过去50年里增长了三倍专家认为，儿童肥胖问题的根源在于缺乏安全的户外活动场所。公共投资减少导致学校体育活动减少，私人联赛的成本增加，使得许多孩子无法参与。因此，需要更多安全的游乐场和公共投资来建设和维护这些场所。所以"B.Mre safe areas fr utdr fun are in urgent need.我们迫切需要更多安全的户外娱乐场所"为最佳标题。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
5．（2024•南关区校级模拟） The turn f the year is the time fr reviewing ne's life，and fr making sme reslutins abut what t cncentrate n in the cming year；and fr many years I have taken advantage f the hliday t review my wn ambitin.
One thing I decide n this year is t give up writing the Grumpy （暴躁的） Old Bkman clumn in this magazine.It's nt that I've lst interest in the bk wrld.But Lenard Wlf，husband f American writer Virginia Wl （1882—1941），used t say a man shuld change his career every seven years.Thugh I wuld say that changing yur whle career frequently is ging a bit far，I d find that it serves as a great refresher if yu can ccasinally try a new jb within the same line f business.
It is ver 15 years since ur editr wrte t me and asked if I wuld be interested in writing a regular piece abut what was，even then，a rapidly changing publishing scene.He apprached me because since 2004 I had been writing a regular blg called，Grumpy Old Bkman.
As my mnthly survey f develpments in bth traditinal and digital publishing cntinued，in this magazine，I began t realize that writers in this century，f bth fictin and nn﹣fictin，are living in smething clse t a paradise （天堂）.Once，yu struggled fr years t find a publisher— r an agent if yu wanted ne—but nw yu can publish yur wn stuff，either digitally r in paperback，withut it csting yu a penny piece.
After abut five years f prducing such clumns，it ccurred t me that，rather than let these essays fade away n the seas f time，it might be valuable t publish my thughts and cmments in bk frm t ptential readers.Hence，in 2014，I published the first 69 GOB clumns in paperback frmat，using Amazn's Create Space facilities.Title：Writers Rejice!A mnthly diary f the dawn f the digital age，which was my first trial.And nw I sincerely wish a new 2024.
（1）Why des the authr want t give up writing the clumn？ C
A．He is fed up with the career linked t bks.
B．He is very keen n trying smething new.
C．He fllws Lenard Wlf's suggestin.
D．He's used t changing his jb every seven years.
（2）Accrding t the authr，what can be inferred frm Paragraph 4？ D
A．Nw it is amazing t find a publisher easily.
B．Publishing industry is a prfitable business.
C．It is rather hard t publish bks nwadays.
D．It is a blessing t live in the present times.
（3）What d yu think f the authr？ C
A．Emtinal and gd at cntrlling himself.
B．Dedicated but easy t dubt himself.
C．Purpseful and gd at self﹣adjustment.
D．Ambitius but unwilling t change himself.
（4）What des the authr mainly want t tell us？ D
A．Giving up timely is anther virtue.
B．Changing the jb means a new pprtunity.
C．The beginning f a year is a new start.
D．Reflectin can drive us t push frward.
【考点】记叙文；自我认识．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者多年来一直利用假期来重新审视自己的抱负，今年作者准备放弃自己的专栏，开始把自己想法和评论以书的形式出版出来，让潜在读者受益，于是作者进行了第一次尝试。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的But Lenard Wlf，husband f American writer Virginia Wl （1882—1941），used t say a man shuld change his career every seven years.Thugh I wuld say that changing yur whle career frequently is ging a bit far，I d find that it serves as a great refresher if yu can ccasinally try a new jb within the same line f business. （但是作家弗吉尼亚•伍尔的丈夫伦纳德•伍尔夫，曾经说过一个男人应该每七年换一次职业。虽然我个人会说，如此频繁地改变整个职业生涯有点过分，但我确实发现，如果你能偶尔在同一业务范围尝试一份新工作，这是一种很好的提神剂。）可知，作者放弃写专栏是因为他采纳了伦纳德•伍尔夫的建议。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段中的I began t realize that writers in this century，f bth fictin and nn﹣fictin，are living in smething clse t a paradise（天堂） （我开始意识到，这个世纪的小说和非小说作家都生活在一个接近天堂的地方）和but nw yu can publish yur wn stuff，either digitally r in paperback，withut it csting yu a penny piece （但现在你可以出版自己的作品了，无论是电子版的作品还是平装本的作品，每本都不用花一分钱）可知，作者认为生活在当今这个时代是一种福气。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第一段中的and fr many years I have taken advantage f the hliday t review my wn ambitin （多年来，我一直利用假期重新审视自己的抱负）第二段Thugh I wuld say that changing yur whle career frequently is ging a bit far，I d find that it serves as a great refresher if yu can ccasinally try a new jb within the same line f business. （虽然我个人会说，如此频繁地改变整个职业生涯有点过分，但我确实发现，如果你能偶尔在同一业务范围尝试一份新工作，这是一种很好的提神剂。）可知，作者非常善于自我调整。根据最后一段中的After abut five years f prducing such clumns，it ccurred t me that，rather than let these essays fade away n the seas f time，it might be valuable t publish my thughts and cmments in bk frm t ptential readers.Hence，in 2014，I published the first 69 GOB clumns in paperback frmat，using Amazn's Create Space facilities. （在写了大约五年这样的专栏之后，我突然想到，与其让这些文章在时间的海洋中消失，不如把我的想法和评论以书的形式出版给潜在的读者看。因此，在2014年，我使用亚马逊的Create Space，以平装本的形式出版了前69篇GOB专栏。）可知，作者是一个目的明确的人。故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文和第一段The turn f the year is the time fr reviewing ne's life，and fr making sme reslutins abut what t cncentrate n in the cming year；and fr many years I have taken advantage f the hliday t review my wn ambitin. （一年之交是回顾自己生活的时候，也是决定来年要专注于什么的时候；我一直利用假期重新审视自己的抱负。）可知，作者主要想告诉我们反思可以推动我们前进。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
6．（2024•黑龙江二模） A Virginia family whse hme was destryed by a fire last week recently received the gift f sme ld﹣fashined Christmas cheer frm "Santa Claus" （圣诞老人）.
In the spirit f Christmas，the Ferrum Vlunteer Fire Department delivered presents t the family wh lst their hme and belngings in a huse fire n Thursday.
"It was a wrking structure fire and unfrtunately the family lst everything.We as vlunteers knew that we culdn't let this mm and her three kids g thrugh Christmas withut anything，" the fire statin wrte n Facebk. "Yes，they're OK but it's Christmas，right？"
The fire statin fficials delivered Christmas gifts t the mther and her three children the fllwing day at the lcal church shelter they were staying at，and in phts psted n the site，the children appeared jyful.
"We brught gifts and mre gifts!The kids were verjyed and very grateful." the statin said n its pst.
"They were very happy t see all the gifts and the fire trucks that we brught the gifts in，" the department tld USA TODAY.The kids received Barbies，Pkémn，artwrks，remte cntrl cars，blankets，clthes and shes.The mther als received a gift card.
The Facebk pst was flded with what seemed t be cmments frm cmmunity members tuched by the genersity. "The best Christmas gifts are the nes yu give!Thank yu all fr yur wnderful service and yur big hearts!" ne user cmmented.
"S thankful they are alright!We are truly blessed t live in such a giving and helping cmmunity，and ur fire department and rescue teams are amazing!Great jb!S prud!" anther user wrte.
（1）What can we learn frm the text？ D
A．The Fire Department prvided the family with shelter.
B．The vlunteers saved sme belngings fr the family.
C．The family went thrugh Christmas in srrw.
D．Receiving a Christmas gift is a traditinal jy.
（2）What's the cmments' attitude twards the fire statin？ C
A．Ambiguus.
B．Uncncerned.
C．Appreciative.
D．Sympathetic.
（3）Hw des the authr develp his idea？ B
A．By giving examples.
B．By using qutatin.
C．By making cmments.
D．By analysing causes.
（4）What's the best title f this article？ A
A．Firefighters r Santa Claus？
B．Firefighters Safeguarded Us.
C．A Fire Brught Gifts.
D．Lve Can Cure.
【考点】新闻报道；公益事业与志愿服务．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了弗吉尼亚州的一户人家在火灾中失去了一切，Ferrum志愿消防局给他们送上了圣诞礼物，这一行为在Facebk上收获了许多赞扬。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段A Virginia family whse hme was destryed by a fire last week recently received the gift f sme ld﹣fashined Christmas cheer frm "Santa Claus" （圣诞老人）.（弗吉尼亚州的一户人家上周被大火烧毁了房子，最近收到了"圣诞老人"送的有点老式的圣诞祝福礼物。）可推出，收到圣诞礼物是一种传统的乐事。故选D。
（2）观点态度题。根据倒数第二段The Facebk pst was flded with what seemed t be cmments frm cmmunity members tuched by the genersity. "The best Christmas gifts are the nes yu give!Thank yu all fr yur wnderful service and yur big hearts!" ne user cmmented.（Facebk上的帖子充斥着似乎来自社区成员的评论，他们被这种慷慨感动了。一位用户评论道："最好的圣诞礼物就是你们送的！感谢你们所有人的优质服务和你们的爱心！"）可推出，网上用户对消防局的做法非常欣赏。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段"It was a wrking structure fire and unfrtunately the family lst everything.We as vlunteers knew that we culdn't let this mm and her three kids g thrugh Christmas withut anything，" the fire statin wrte n Facebk. "Yes，they're OK but it's Christmas，right？"（"这是一场工作结构火灾，不幸的是，这家人失去了一切。作为志愿者，我们知道，我们不能让这位母亲和她的三个孩子在没有任何东西的情况下度过圣诞节。"消防局在脸书上写道。"是的，他们没事，但现在是圣诞节，对吧？"）第六段中的"They were very happy t see all the gifts and the fire trucks that we brught the gifts in，" the department tld USA TODAY. （该部门告诉《今日美国》："他们很高兴看到我们带来的所有礼物和消防车。"）倒数第二段中的"The best Christmas gifts are the nes yu give!Thank yu all fr yur wnderful service and yur big hearts!" ne user cmmented.（一位用户评论道："最好的圣诞礼物就是你送的！感谢你们所有人的优质服务和你们的爱心！"）可知，作者在文章中主要通过引用别人话语的形式来展开思想。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文和第一段A Virginia family whse hme was destryed by a fire last week recently received the gift f sme ld﹣fashined Christmas cheer frm "Santa Claus" （圣诞老人）.（弗吉尼亚州的一户人家上周被大火烧毁了房子，最近收到了"圣诞老人"送的有点老式的圣诞祝福礼物。）和第二段In the spirit f Christmas，the Ferrum Vlunteer Fire Department delivered presents t the family wh lst their hme and belngings in a huse fire n Thursday.（本着圣诞节的精神，Ferrum志愿消防局为周四在一场房屋火灾中失去家园和财物的这个家庭送上了礼物。）可知，本文主要讲述了弗吉尼亚州的一户人家在火灾中失去了一切，Ferrum志愿消防局给他们送上了圣诞礼物，所以A项Firefighters r Santa Claus？（消防员还是圣诞老人？）是最合适的标题。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
7．（2024•广州一模） When adult humans meet a baby，many can't help speaking in a higher﹣pitched（更高音的），sing﹣sng y vice.This shift，knwn as parentese，is nt unique t humans —it has als been bserved in animals like mnkeys and grillas.Nw，scientists are adding ne mre species t that list：bttlense dlphins.
Dlphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in grups.They cmmunicate in a unique way：every individual prduces its wn signature sund that acts much like an ID card，usually by its first birthday.But hw des each cme up with its distinctive whistle？Fr babies，it might have smething t d with listening t Mum.T slve this mystery，researchers examined the sunds mther dlphins，make.
Scientists studied 34 years' wrth f recrdings f sunds made by 19 female bttlense dlphins.When the mther dlphins were near their yung，they cntinued t make their signature sund，but at a higher frequency.They als used a wider range f frequencies than they did when their babies were nt nearby.
This discvery suggests that using these mdificatins mther dlphins assist their yung in learning hw t prduce these calls themselves.Since dlphin babies ften spend sme years with their mthers befre living n their wn，it makes sense that this adaptatin wuld help them learn t cmmunicate.At the very least，the higher﹣pitched whistle likely gets the babies' attentin."It's imprtant fr a baby t knw，'Oh，Mum's talking t me nw，'"says marine bilgist June Mann.
This kind f research culd help us understand hw language develped in humans."It is abslutely essential t have basic knwledge abut ther species and hw they cmmunicate，"says Mann."I wuld be really interested t see whether dlphins als change their sunds when interacting with babies f thers，which is what happens in humans."
（1）What d the underlined wrds"this mystery"refer t in paragraph 2？ B
A.Why dlphins live and play in grups.
B.Hw dlphins develp their unique sunds.
C.What aspects f intelligence dlphins pssess.
D.Whether dlphins can use parentese like humans.
（2）Hw did the researchers carry ut their study f dlphins？ A
A.By analyzing mther dlphins' sund features.
B.By recrding parent﹣child interactin frequency.
C.By measuring the distance between parent and child.
D.By examining the speech rgans f mther dlphins.
（3）What is a suggested reasn why dlphin mthers use parentese with their yung？ A
A.T help them learn t talk.
B.T teach them hunting skills.
C.T express wrry and care.
D.T distract their attentin.
（4）What is the purpse f the text？ C
A.T cmpare the parentese f humans and dlphins.
B.T illustrate the develpment f dlphin intelligence.
C.T share new findings abut dlphin cmmunicatin.
D.T highlight the value f studying dlphins' language.
【考点】说明文；自然科学研究成果．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类、猴子和大猩猩等动物都会在与幼崽接触时使用更高的音调和歌唱般的声音。现在，科学家们将海豚也加入到这个列表中。研究人员发现，母海豚在靠近幼崽时会改变它们的特定声音，并使用更广泛的频率范围。这种发现表明母海豚通过这些修改来帮助幼崽学习如何自己发出这些呼唤声。这种研究有助于我们了解语言是如何在人类中发展的，也有助于了解其他物种如何交流。
【解答】（1）代词指代题。根据文章第二段But hw des each cme up with its distinctive whistle？Fr babies，it might have smething t d with listening t Mum.T slve this mystery，researchers examined the sunds mther dlphins，make.（但是它们是如何产生独特的哨声的呢？对于婴儿来说，这可能与听妈妈的话有关。为了解开这个谜团，研究人员研究了海豚妈妈发出的声音。）可知this mystery的意思是"海豚如何发展它们独特的声音"。A.Why dlphins live and play in grups.为什么海豚成群生活和玩耍；B.Hw dlphins develp their unique sunds.海豚如何发展它们独特的声音；C.What aspects f intelligence dlphins pssess.海豚拥有哪些方面的智力；D.Whether dlphins can use parentese like humans.海豚是否能像人类一样使用父母语言。故答案为B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段Scientists studied 34 years' wrth f recrdings f sunds made by 19 female bttlense dlphins.When the mther dlphins were near their yung，they cntinued t make their signature sund，but at a higher frequency.They als used a wider range f frequencies than they did when their babies were nt nearby.（科学家研究了19只雌性宽吻海豚长达34年的声音记录。当母海豚靠近幼崽时，它们会继续发出标志性的声音，但频率更高。与婴儿不在身边时相比，他们使用的频率范围也更广。）可知研究人员通过分析母海豚的声音特征来研究海豚。故答案为A。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段This discvery suggests that using these mdificatins mther dlphins assist their yung in learning hw t prduce these calls themselves（这一发现表明，利用这些变化，母海豚可以帮助它们的幼崽学会如何发出这些叫声）可知海豚妈妈对幼崽使用父母语的一个原因是帮助它们学会说话。故答案为A。
（4）目的意图题。根据文章最后一段This kind f research culd help us understand hw language develped in humans."It is abslutely essential t have basic knwledge abut ther species and hw they cmmunicate，"says Mann."I wuld be really interested t see whether dlphins als change their sunds when interacting with babies f thers，which is what happens in humans."（这种研究可以帮助我们理解人类语言是如何发展的。"了解其他物种以及它们如何交流的基本知识是绝对必要的，"曼恩说。"我真的很有兴趣看看海豚在与他人的婴儿互动时是否也会改变声音，这是人类的情况。"）可知这篇文章的目的是分享海豚交流的新发现。故答案为C。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8．（2024•湛江一模）
Tp Cffee﹣prducing Cuntries
Brazil
Back in the 18th century，Brazil started grwing cffee.Nw，arund 300，000 cffee farmers in Brazil prduce abut 40% f the wrld's cffee.Arabica （阿拉比卡咖啡） takes up 70% f the cffee beans grwn in the cuntry.In Brazil，3% f exprt incme is frm cffee beans.Brazilians are wild abut drinking their cffee and cnsume it all day lng.
Vietnam
Cffee fund its way t Vietnam in the 1800s.Nw cffee industry emplys almst 3 millin peple.Mst f Vietnam's cffee prductin is the less appreciated Rbusta （罗布斯塔咖啡） variety.Because f that，mst cffee beans grwn in Vietnam are fr instant cffee.Despite cffee's ppularity as an exprt crp，the Vietnamese still prefer tea.They als make a famus Cappuccin （卡布奇诺咖啡） nt fund elsewhere—famus because it gets a dse f raw egg if that's t yur liking.
Clmbia
Cffee was intrduced int Clmbia in the early 1700s.In Clmbia，abut 2.3 millin acres f land are planted with cffee.Cffee is the mst imprtant agricultural exprt.There are arund 555，000 cffee grwers in Clmbia.The majrity f Clmbian cffee plantatins are wned by families.Clmbians typically start their mrning with a tint.It's a small cup f black cffee that's sweetened with sugar.They may add cinnamn r ther spices t jazz it up.
Indnesia
Indnesia has a lng cffee histry that ges back t the 1600s，which has its share f ups and dwns.In the late 19th century，the terrible cffee rust disease caused death t many f the high﹣quality cffee plants.T prevent this frm happening again，Indnesia replanted with the disease﹣resistant Rbusta cffee.Arabica beans still play a part in the Indnesian cffee market，representing abut 25% f cffee beans grwn there.
（1）Which f the fur cuntries started grwing cffee earliest？ D
A．Brazil.
B．Vietnam.
C．Clmbia.
D．Indnesia.
（2）What is special abut Vietnam？ A
A．A unique kind f cffee drink is made there.
B．High﹣quality cffee beans are prduced there.
C．Cffee was prduced fr the hme market there.
D．Cffee planting met with prblems in the 1990s there.
（3）What d Brazil and Clmbia have in cmmn？ B
A．Cffee exprts are grwing in bth cuntries.
B．They bth have a cffee﹣lving ppulatin.
C．They share the same number f cffee grwers.
D．Cffee farms are wned by families in bth cuntries.
【考点】说明文；传统习俗与文化．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个咖啡产国的情况。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据Brazil部分Back in the 18th century，Brazil started grwing cffee. （早在18世纪，巴西就开始种植咖啡）；Vietnam部分Cffee fund its way t Vietnam in the 1800s. （咖啡在19世纪进入越南）；Clmbia部分Cffee was intrduced int Clmbia in the early 1700s. （咖啡在18世纪早期被引入哥伦比亚）以及Indnesia部分Indnesia has a lng cffee histry that ges back t the 1600s，which has its share f ups and dwns. （印尼有着悠久的咖啡历史，可以追溯到17世纪，其间有起有落。）可知，Indnesia是种植咖啡最早的。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Vietnam部分They als make a famus Cappuccin （卡布奇诺咖啡） nt fund elsewhere—famus because it gets a dse f raw egg if that's t yur liking. （他们还制作了一种其他地方没有的著名卡布奇诺，因为如果你喜欢的话，它会得到一剂生鸡蛋，所以很出名。）可知，越南的特别之处在于那里生产一种独特的咖啡饮料。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据Brazil部分Brazilians are wild abut drinking their cffee and cnsume it all day lng. （巴西人喜欢喝咖啡，整天都在喝。）和Clmbia部分Clmbians typically start their mrning with a tint.It's a small cup f black cffee that's sweetened with sugar. （哥伦比亚人通常以一杯tint开始他们的早晨。它是一小杯加糖的黑咖啡。）可知，巴西和哥伦比亚的共同之处是都有喜欢喝咖啡的人。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
9．（2024•雨花区校级模拟） In the endless sky，the unaided human eye shuld be able t perceive several thusand stars n a clear，dark night.Unfrtunately，grwing light pllutin has impeded peple frm the nightly view.
New citizen﹣science﹣based research thrws alarming light n the prblem f "sky glw"﹣the diffuse illuminatin （漫射照明） f the night sky that is a frm f light pllutin.The data came frm crwd﹣surced bservatins cllected frm arund the wrld as part f Glbe at Night，a prgram develped by astrnmer Cnnie Walker.
Light pllutin has harmful effects n the practice f astrnmy but als n human health and wildlife，since it disturbs the cycle frm sunlight t starlight that bilgical systems have evlved alngside.Furthermre，the lss f visible stars is a great lss f human cultural heritage.Until relatively recently，humans thrughut histry had an impressive view f the starry night sky，and the effect f this nighty spectacle （壮观） is evident in ancient cultures.
Glbe at Night has been gathering data n star visibility since 2006.Anyne can submit bservatins thrugh the Glbe at Night web applicatin.Participants recrd which ne best matches what they can see in the sky withut any telescpes r ther instruments.
Researchers find that the lss f visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness f 9.6% per year while rughly 2% is measured by satellites.Existing satellites are nt well suited t measuring sky glw as it appears t humans，because they can nt detect wavelengths shrter than 500 nanmeters （纳米）.White LEDs，with shrter wavelengths under 500 nanmeters，nw are increasingly cmmnly used in utdr lighting.But human eyes are mre sensitive t these shrter wavelengths at nighttime.Space﹣based instruments d nt measure light frm windws，either.But these surces are significant cntributrs t sky glw us seen frm the grund.
"The increase in sky glw ver the past decade underlines the imprtance f redubling ur effrts and develping new strategies t prtect dark skies，" said Walker. "The Glbe at Night dataset is necessary in ur nging evaluatin f changes in sky glw，and we encurage whever can t get invlved t help prtect the starry night sky."
（1）What des the underlined wrd "impeded" in the first paragraph mean？ B
A．separated.
B．disabled.
C．demanded.
D．prtected.
（2）What des the lss f visible stars lead t？ D
A．Prer human health.
B．Fewer wildlife species.
C．Mre delicate bilgical systems.
D．Less nightly culture elements f the sky.
（3）What des the authr stress in paragraph 5？ A
A．Crwd surced data are invaluable.
B．Shrter wavelengths are hard t detect.
C．Satellites play a vital rle.
D．White LEDs are widely used.
（4）What can be inferred frm Walker's wrds？ D
A．Their cnsistent effrts pay ff.
B．The dataset needs t be updated.
C．The sky glw has been ver﹣emphasized.
D．Mre participants are expected t jin in.
【考点】说明文；环境保护．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】BDAD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了光污染正在夺走我们的夜空，使得星星在我们眼前消失。
【解答】（1）词句猜测题。由本文第一段In the endless sky，the unaided human eye shuld be able t perceive several thusand stars n a clear，dark night.Unfrtunately，grwing light pllutin has impeded peple frm the nightly view.（在一望无际的天空中，在一个晴朗、黑暗的夜晚，人类的肉眼应该能够看到几千颗星星。不幸的是，日益严重的光污染impeded人们欣赏夜景。）可知，人类的肉眼本来可以看到几千颗星星，不幸的是，日益严重的光污染却使人们不能欣赏夜景。故划线词意思是"使……不能"。A．separated.分开；B．disabled.使丧失能力；C．demanded.要求；D．prtected.保护。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第三段中的关键句Furthermre，the lss f visible stars is a great lss f human cultural heritage.（此外，可见星星的损失是人类文化遗产的巨大损失。）可推断出可见星星的缺失会导致较少的夜间天空文化元素。故选D。
（3）段落大意题。由本文第五段的内容，尤其是最后一句话But these surces are significant cntributrs t sky glw us seen frm the grund.（但这些光源是我们从地面上看到的天光的重要贡献者。）可推断出作者在第五段中强调了众包数据是无价的。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。由本文最后一段中的Walker说的话The Glbe at Night dataset is necessary in ur nging evaluatin f changes in sky glw，and we encurage whever can t get invlved t help prtect the starry night sky.（全球夜间数据集对于我们持续评估天空辉光的变化是必要的，我们鼓励任何可以参与的人来帮助保护星空。）可推断出Walker期望会有更多的参与者加入。故选D。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
10．（2024•良庆区校级二模） Natinal parks like Yellwstne are ppular destinatins fr bth family vacatins and adventure trips alike.But there are sme places that simply dn't get the lve that they deserve despite the fact that they are truly impressive.
Isle Ryale Natinal Park
Lcated in the heart f Lake Superir，Isle Ryale requires a bit f wrk t reach，but it is well wrth the effrt.Access is permitted nly thrugh daily ferries，which is why larger parks like Yellwstne see mre visitrs in a day than Isle Ryale sees in a year.Wildlife like wlves are frequently sptted by hikers alng the park's scenic trails.
Dry Trtugas Natinal Park
Anther island park，the Dry Trtugas can be fund 68 miles t the suthwest f the Flrida Keys.Accessible nly by bat r plane，this park is actually quite small，but it's packed with histry，abundant sea life，and amazing cral reefs.At the center f the park is Frt Jeffersn，the largest masnry（砖石）structure in the Western Hemisphere.
Wrangell﹣St.Elias Natinal Park
Cvering mre than 13.2 millin acres，Wrangell﹣St Elias Natinal Park is the largest in the entire and mstly undevelped，this is a park that demands mre frm its visitrs，after all there are just tw rads that lead int it.But in return，it gives them a special cnnectin with nature that simply isn't fund anywhere else.
Big Bend Natinal Park
Travelers lking fr a truly wild experience shuld have Big Bend Natinal Park n their bucket lists.Big Bend is well knwn fr its whitewater rafting camping，and hiking althugh during the summer mnths it can be intensely warm，keeping many visitrs away.
（1）What is the main reasn fr fewer visitrs t Isle Ryale Natinal Park？ D
A．The terrible wrk.
B．The dangerus wlves.
C．The remte lcatin.
D．The incnvenient transprt.
（2）Which park will yu visit if yu are interested in histry？ C
A．Big Bend Natinal Park.
B．Isle Ryale Natinal Park.
C．Dry Trtugas Natinal Park.
D．Wrangell St.Elias Natinal Park.
（3）Hw is Wrangell﹣St.Elias Natinal Park different frm the ther three parks？ B
A．With its wide rads.
B．With its large area.
C．With its beautiful scenery.
D．With its special visitrs
【考点】应用文；旅游观光．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】DCB
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个游客很少游览，但是确实令人印象深刻的国家公园。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据Isle Ryale Natinal Park部分中的Access is permitted nly via daily ferries，which is why larger parks like Yellwstne see mre visitrs in a day than Isle Ryale sees in a year（只能通过每日渡轮进入，这就是为什么像黄石公园这样的大型公园一天接待的游客数量比皇家岛一年接待的游客数量还要多）可知，交通不方便是Isle Ryale Natinal Park游客较少的主要原因。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Dry Trtugas Natinal Park部分中的Accessible nly by bat r plane，this park is actually quite small，but it's packed with histry，abundant sea life，and amazing cral reefs（这个公园只能乘船或飞机到达，实际上很小，但它充满了历史、丰富的海洋生物和令人惊叹的珊瑚礁）可知，如果你对历史感兴趣，你会去Dry Trtugas Natinal Park，故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据Wrangell﹣St.Elias Natinal Park部分中的Cvering mre than 13.2 millin acres，Wrangell﹣St Elias Natinal Park is the largest in the entire （兰格尔—圣埃利亚斯国家公园占地超过 1320 万英亩，是整个美国最大的国家公园）可知，Wrangell﹣St.Elias国家公园是最大的国家公园，故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
11．（2024•新泰市校级一模） If yu live in a regin where winter weather is a regular risk，yu are likely used t puring salt n yur sidewalks.But hw des it wrk？And hw much salt d humans pur nt ur planet's surface？The secnd questin is easier t answer：a lt.
Salt desn't directly melt ice，nr des it make snw simply disappear.Instead it makes water less likely t freeze in a phenmenn called freezing pint depressin.In the case f simple rck salt，which is a rawer，less pure versin f table salt，each mlecule （分子） splits int smaller elements.Nrmally，when water freezes int ice，its mlecules line up t frm a stable，rderly structure.Salt interrupts the prcess，hwever，and temperatures must drp lwer t vercme that interruptin and fr freezing t ccur.
But if salt needs t interact with liquid water，hw des it d anything when temperatures are stubbrnly belw freezing，and water shuld already be in the frm f ice？That's where cars help clear their wn way by creating frictin and，in turn，heat.The frictin allws fr the ice that has already frzen t melt a little bit，making it unlikely t freeze.
Beynd rck salt's ability t clear icy streets，it can als be destructive.Chlride ins （氯离子） can cause wear and tear n vehicles and facilities.Increasing chlride densities in Nrth American lakes culd begin t upset lcal eclgy and degrade surces f drinking water.
Many lcal gvernments are lking fr alternatives t rck salt.Other salts such as magnesium chlride and calcium chlride wrk in the same way as rck salt，and they're perhaps even mre efficient.Sme experiments are testing ther ice﹣preventing slutins，including thse that cntain sugars instead f r in additin t salts.Anther apprach relies mre heavily n sand，which can mechanically make rads safer.All f this experimentatin is aimed at ensuring peple can travel in any weather cnditin —a Herculean task when winter brings its wrst.
（1）What's the purpse f the first sentence in Paragraph 2？ D
A．T intrduce the tpic.
B．T give sme evidence.
C．T define the phenmenn.
D．T reveal the miscnceptin.
（2）Hw des salt wrk t disturb the prcess f freezing？ D
A．By lwering the temperature.
B．By melting and splitting itself.
C．By lining up t frm a slid structure.
D．By stpping the frmatin f the structure.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "densities" in Paragraph 4 mean？ A
A．Cncentratins.
B．Weights.
C．Qualities.
D．Salts.
（4）What's the last paragraph mainly talking abut？ B
A．Other salts wn't disturb lcal eclgy.
B．Effrts are being made t guarantee safe travels.
C．Many alternatives are available t slve the prblem.
D．Bitter winter make it impssible t secure rad safety.
【考点】说明文；日常生活．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在冬天通过在路面撒盐来缓解雪后因道路结冰而造成的交通安全问题，并就此问题所带来的环境问题进行科普。
【解答】（1）目的意图题。根据第二段第一句Salt desn't directly melt ice，nr des it make snw simply disappear.（盐不会直接融化冰，也不会让雪消失。）以及第二句Instead it makes water less likely t freeze in a phenmenn called freezing pint depressin.（相反，它使水更不容易冻结，这种现象被称为冰点降低。）可知，第二段第一句的目的是揭示一个错误认知，纠正盐直接使雪和冰融化的错误想法。故选D项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Nrmally，when water freezes int ice，its mlecules line up t frm a stable，rderly structure.Salt interrupts the prcess，hwever，and temperatures must drp lwer t vercme that interruptin and fr freezing t ccur.（正常情况下，当水结冰时，它的分子会排成一行，形成一个稳定有序的结构。然而，盐会打断这一过程，而温度必须降得更低，才能克服这种干扰，从而发生冻结。）可知，盐会干扰水分子在结冰时形成稳定、有序的结构。故选D项。
（3）词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子Increasing chlride densities in Nrth American lakes culd begin t upset lcal eclgy and degrade surces f drinking water.（北美湖泊中氯化物densities的增加可能会扰乱当地生态，并使饮用水源退化。）可知，氯离子的浓度增加会是当地生态系统受到干扰，并使饮用水源退化。所以划线词的意思是"浓度"。A．Cncentratins浓度；B．Weights重量；C．Qualities品质；D．Salts盐。故选A项。
（4）段落大意题。根据最后一段，尤其是All f this experimentatin is aimed at ensuring peple can travel in any weather cnditin…（所有这些试验都是为了确保人们在任何天气条件下都能出行。）可知，本段主要阐述地方政府正在努力确保冰雪天气人们出行安全。故选B项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
12．（2024•青羊区校级模拟）"Sn，yu're ging t have t mve ut!" cried my neighbr upn seeing the largest tmat plant knwn t mankind，r at least knwn in my neighbrhd.
One tiny 9﹣inch plant，bught fr ＄1.25 in the spring，has already taken ver much f my rse bed，cvering much f ther plants，and is well n its way t the frnt dr.
Rses require a gd deal f care，and if it weren't fr the pleasure they give，it wuldn't be wrth the wrk.As it is，I have a garden full f sweet﹣smelling rses fr mst f the year.Bushes must be pruned（剪枝）in early spring，leaving ugly wdy branches until the new grwth appears a few weeks later.It was the space available in the garden that led me int planting just ne little tmat plant.A big mistake.
Sil cnditins made just perfect fr rses turn ut t be even mre perfect fr tmates.The daily watering cupled with full sun and regular fertilizing（施肥）have turned the little plant int a tall bush.The cage I placed arund it as the plant grew has lng since disappeared under the thick leaves.
Nw the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twfld：First，I have t find the red nes amng the leaves，which means I almst have t stand n my head，and nce fund I have t reach dwn and under，pick the tmates and withdraw（缩回）my full fist withut drpping the prize s dearly wn.I fund tw full﹣blwn white rses cmpletely hidden as I picked tmates in June，but they were weak and the leaves already yellw fr lack f light.
Here I am faced with a painful small decisin：T tear up a wnderful and prductive tmat plant that ffers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tmates each day r say gdbye t several expensive and treasured rses.Like Scarlett in Gne With the Wind，I'll think abut that tmrrw.
（1）What are the requirements fr the healthy grwth f rses？ A
A．A lt f care and the right sil.
B．Frequent pruning and fertilizing.
C．Tmat plants grwn alngside.
D．Cages placed arund the rts.
（2）The writer planted the tmat because C .
A．it cst nly ＄1.25
B．the sil was just right fr it
C．there was rm fr it in the garden
D．the rses' branches needed t be cvered
（3）This year the writer's rses were D .
A．remved frm the rse bed
B．picked alng with the tmates
C．mstly damaged by t much sunlight
D．largely hidden under the tmat plant
（4）By saying "the prize s dearly wn" in paragraph 5，the writer wants t A .
A．shw the difficulty in picking the tmates
B．shw the hardship f grwing the rses
C．express her liking fr the rses
D．express her care fr the tmates
【考点】社会；说明文．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】ACDA
【分析】本文大意讲的是作者在春天偶然栽种的一棵西红柿长成后非常大，影响到园中的玫瑰花，作者在享受西红柿美味的同时，又难以割舍珍贵的玫瑰花，面对两种选择，作者举棋不定。
【解答】（1）A．细节理解题。根据第三段Rses require a gd deal f care玫瑰需要精心照料和第四段Sil cnditins made just perfect fr rses turn ut t be even mre perfect fr tmates适合种植玫瑰的土壤条件更适合种植西红柿。可知玫瑰的健康成长需要很多关心和正确的土。故选A。
（2）C．推理判断题。根据第三段的It was the space available in the garden that led me int planting just ne little tmat plant．A big mistake正是花园里的空地让我只种了一株小番茄，这是一个很大的错误。可知是因为有地方作者才种西红柿的。故选C。
（3）D．细节理解题。根据第二段One tiny 9﹣inch plant，bught fr ＄1.25 in the spring，has already taken ver much f my rse bed，cvering much f ther plants一株9英寸的小植物，它已经占据了我的大部分玫瑰花床，覆盖了许多其他植物。可知西红柿已经盖住了玫瑰。故选D。
（4）A．句意猜测题。此题答案选A，其推理依据主要有以下几点：一是作者在第1句用了 the task一词，将摘西红柿看成是一项"任务"；二是作者在三个地方用了have t，表示摘西红柿不容易；三是作者还用了stand n my head，reach dwn and under…等夸张性用词，充分说明了摘西红柿的难度。比较四个选项，故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
13．（2024•长安区一模） We may weep fr the dd，but culd and shuld we bring this lvely bird back frm the dead？De﹣extinctin is the science f restring lst species and it has been in the news fr decades.
The stry in mdern times began in 1990 when Michael Crichtn published his science fictin nvel Jurassic Park，in which he imagined a wrld where scientists were able t bring dinsaurs back t life.Crichtn imagined that plymerase chain reactin （PCR） technlgy culd be a way t amplify （放大） tiny quantities f dinsaur DNA and thus build a living embry.
Sadly，bilgists sn realized that DNA in fact breaks dwn super﹣fast；even after 100 years，DNA frm museum skins f dds was decayed （腐烂） beynd repair.They culd be sequenced （测定序列） using massive cmputatinal pwer，but then nly with cnsiderable uncertainty.And even if yu capture a DNA sequence，there's still the prblem f hw yu get living cells t read that sequence and express prteins that make the dinsaur r the dd.
But why wuld anyne want t see mammths，r smething like them，raming （漫游） present﹣day Siberia？Well，they were undubtedly amazing beasts.As well as hunting them，ur distant ancestrs painted their likenesses in caves acrss Eurpe.Fascinating as they may be，there's sme eclgical justificatin fr the prject t.
It was this diversity f land surface，brken up by heavy limbs and randmly fertilised by faeces （排泄物），that supprted s much flra （植物群）.Withut the mammths，that diversity disappeared.Return them and landscapes wuld nce again be with a variety f species，including flwers and bushes.
True，it's nt de﹣extinctin in the sense f bringing a lng﹣dead species back t life.Instead it's mre like making a "dd" by engineering a mdern pigen，its clsest relative，t becme huge and flightless.The result wuld be a big，fatty pigen that，whether it lked like a dd r nt，wuld prbably fulfil sme f its eclgical rles.
As a palaentlgist，I wuld f curse lve t see living dinsaurs，mammths and dds.In sme ways，thugh，I am relieved that the ptimistic claims fr clning and genetic technlgies have nt been brne ut.The slwdwn gives us time t cnsider the utcmes—and hpefully avid sme f Michael Crichtn's mre fevered imaginings.
（1）What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut？ C
A．A science fictin review.
B．The develpment f DNA.
C．An inspired guess f de﹣extinctin.
D．The applicatin f PCR technlgy.
（2）What's the barrier t clning a living embry？ A
A．DNA is hard t keep fr lng.
B．Cmputatinal pwer is limited.
C．Bilgists are ppsed t it.
D．Living cells can?t be sequenced.
（3）Why are peple interested in clning extinct species？ D
A．They expect t seek hunt fun.
B．They lack surces f mdern art.
C．They need them fr research.
D．They want t see bidiversity.
（4）What's the authr's attitude tward clning extinct species？ A
A．Cautius.
B．Unclear.
C．Dismissive.
D．Apprving.
【考点】议论文；科普知识．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CADA
【分析】这篇短文讨论了"物种复活"科学，即恢复已灭绝物种的可能性。文章提到了迈克尔•克莱顿的小说《侏罗纪公园》，其中科学家通过PCR技术复活恐龙的想象。然而，生物学家很快意识到DNA分解速度非常快，即使是博物馆中保存百年的渡渡鸟标本DNA也已损坏无法修复。文章还提出了复活物种的生态学理由，比如复活猛犸象可能有助于恢复生态多样性。最后，作者作为一名古生物学家，表达了对看到活的恐龙、猛犸象和渡渡鸟的渴望，但也对目前克隆和基因技术的局限表示了庆幸，因为这给了我们时间去考虑可能的后果。
【解答】（1）段落大意题。文章第二段讲到in which he imagined a wrld where scientists were able t bring dinsaurs back t life.Crichtn imagined that plymerase chain reactin （PCR） technlgy culd be a way t amplify （放大） tiny quantities f dinsaur DNA and thus build a living embry. （在小说里，他想象了一个科学家能够让恐龙复活的世界。克莱顿设想聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术可能是一种通过放大微小数量的恐龙DNA，从而构建了一个活的胚胎。）可知，第二段的主要内容是一个关于灭绝动物复活启发性猜测。选项C．An inspired guess f de﹣extinctin.（一个关于灭绝的启发性猜测）符合题意。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。文章第三段讲到Sadly，bilgists sn realized that DNA in fact breaks dwn super﹣fast；even after 100 years，DNA frm museum skins f dds was decayed （腐烂） beynd repair. （可悲的是，生物学家很快意识到DNA实际上分解得非常快；即使在100年后，博物馆里渡渡鸟皮肤上的DNA也腐烂得无法修复。）可知，克隆活胚胎的障碍是很难长期保存。选项A．DNA is hard t keep fr lng.（DNA很难长期保存）符合题意。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。文章第五段讲到Withut the mammths，that diversity disappeared.Return them and landscapes wuld nce again be with a variety f species，including flwers and bushes. （没有长毛象，这种多样性就消失了。让他们回归，景观将再次出现各种各样的物种，包括花朵和灌木。）可知，人们热衷于克隆灭绝动物主要是想看到生物的多样性。故选D。
（4）观点态度题。文章最后一段讲到The slwdwn gives us time t cnsider the utcmes—and hpefully avid sme f Michael Crichtn's mre fevered imaginings （经济放缓给了我们时间来考虑结果——并有望避免迈克尔•克莱顿的一些更狂热的想象）可知，作者对克隆灭绝动物持谨慎的观点。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
14．（2024•湖北模拟） As Pakistan and China are marking 2023 as a Year f Turism，Pakistan's breathtaking natural beauty，diverse cultural heritage and histrical landmarks are all set t catch the attentin f turists.
Balchistan：Nature's Bunty Unveiled
Stretching acrss vast expanses，Balchistan is Pakistan's largest prvince，basting nt nly abundant mineral resurces but unique natural beauty.Its muntain ranges，mines and extensive castal belt，which is hme t the prsperus Gwadar Prt，attract adventurers.
Punjab：A Tapestry f Histry and Heritage
In the heart f Pakistan lies Punjab prvince，a land f green agricultural fields，intricate（交错的） river netwrks，ancient frts and charming Mughal﹣era gardens.Over tw millennia（千年） ag，the Gandhara Buddhist civilizatin thrived in nrthern Pakistan，with Taxil a serving as its primary center f learning.
Sindh：A Tapestry f Histry and Culture
Sindh，in Pakistan's suthern regin，weaves tgether a tale f histry and natural beauty.It is hme t the ancient city f Mhenj﹣Dar，a relic f the Indus Valley Civilizatin，alng with the mdern city f Karachi and its picturesque castline.
Nrthern Pakistan：Nature's Masterpiece
Spread ver 72，496 square kilmeters，Pakistan's nrthern regins are a masterpiece f nature.Amng twering peaks，including numerus summits ver 8，000 meters，peaceful valleys like Gilgit，Hunza and Skardu ffer a brief escape.
As Pakistan invites the wrld t explre its diverse and fascinating landscapes，it als extends a warm invitatin t discvery the histry，spirituality and natural wnders that define this remarkable natin.
（1）As a Buddhist，yur favrite destinatin in Pakistan might be B .
A.Balchistan
B.Punjab
C.Sindh
D.Gilgit
（2）What d the fur parts have in cmmn？ A
A.Natural beauty.
B.Histrical rigin.
C.Cultural relics.
D.Diverse resurces.
（3）The passage serves as a（n） B .
A.guidance
B.intrductin
C.cmmercial
D.ntice
【考点】应用文；旅游观光．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】BAB
【分析】2023年是中巴旅游年，巴基斯坦以其壮丽的自然风光、丰富的文化遗产和历史地标吸引游客。文中介绍了巴各省份的旅游亮点：俾路支斯坦的广阔自然美景，旁遮普的历史与文化遗产，信德省的历史文化与自然风光，以及北部地区的壮丽山峰与宁静山谷，展现了巴基斯坦的历史、宗教和自然奇观。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。由Punjab：A Tapestry f Histry and Heritage部分Over tw millennia（千年） ag，the Gandhara Buddhist civilizatin thrived in nrthern Pakistan，with Taxil a serving as its primary center f learning.（两千多年前，犍陀罗佛教文明在巴基斯坦北部蓬勃发展，塔克希尔是其主要的学习中心。）可知，佛教徒可能最喜欢Punjab，因为那里有佛教文明。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。由Balchistan：Nature's Bunty Unveiled部分Balchistan is Pakistan's largest prvince，basting nt nly abundant mineral resurces but unique natural beauty.（俾路支省是巴基斯坦最大的省份，不仅拥有丰富的矿产资源，而且拥有独特的自然风光）以及Punjab：A Tapestry f Histry and Heritage部分a land f green agricultural fields，intricate（交错的） river netwrks，ancient frts and charming Mughal﹣era gardens.（这里有绿色的农田、错综复杂的河流网络、古老的堡垒和迷人的莫卧儿时代的花园。）以及Sindh：A Tapestry f Histry and Culture部分的Sindh，in Pakistan's suthern regin，weaves tgether a tale f histry and natural beauty.（信德省位于巴基斯坦南部地区，历史和自然美景交织在一起。）以及Nrthern Pakistan：Nature's Masterpiece部分的Pakistan's nrthern regins are a masterpiece f nature.（巴基斯坦北部地区是大自然的杰作。）可知，四个地方都有自然美景。故选A。
（3）文章类型题。从内容和风格来看，本文介绍了巴基斯坦的几个旅游景点，没有详细的旅游攻略和费用解释，所以不是旅游指南和广告，所以是一篇介绍。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
15．（2024•浉河区校级二模） It's 1：30 am in Kenya's ppulated nrth，and 50 peple are lying n their backs n the shre f a dried﹣up river，staring up at the night sky.These stargazers have travelled 250 miles t Samburu t witness the Perseid meter shwer（英仙座流星雨）.They are nt disappinted：Every few minutes，arrws f light sht acrss the sky like silent firewrks.
The Star Safari is rganised by a Kenyan astrnmer，Susan Murabana，wh has brught a 50 kg，170 cm﹣lng telescpe t allw the grup t view Mars and deep﹣sky bjects.But here in Samburu，where light pllutin is minimal，the Perseid meters—visible with the naked eye （裸眼）—steal the shw.
Every tw mnths，Murabana and her husband lad their telescpe n t the rf f their 4×4 and set ff t rural cmmunities，where they give up t 300 children a chance t view the planets and learn abut cnstellatins （星座） and the basics f astrphysics.They primarily targets schls in remte areas because f her missin t give girls an pprtunity that she wishes had been available t her.
"When I started this wrk，I didn't see peple wh lked like me.I was a lne ranger and I wanted t change that." says Murabana.
"There is a cmmn miscnceptin in Kenya that astrnmy in general is hard，bring，and nly fr bys，" she adds. "I'd like t teach yung girls that astrnmy is neither f these things and that they，t，can becme astrnmers，" says Murabana.
Murabana's passin fr astrnmy began in her early 20s when her uncle invited her t jin a similar utreach sessin rganized by the Csms Educatin. "That was a gamechanger.If an utreach grup had cme t me when I was a yung teenager，my attitude twards a career in astrnmy wuld have been psitive.I ended up studying scilgy and ecnmics，but maybe I wuld have desired t be an astrnmer，" she says.
Inspired by the Csms Educatin，Murabana cmpleted an nline master's degree in astrnmy with the James Ck University in 2011 and set up her wn utreach prgramme.She lked t Dr Mae Jemisn，the first black wman in space，as a rle mdel. "I hpe that ne day，thrugh this wrk，I will spark a chain reactin that leads t the first African wman in space."
（1）What d the underlined wrds "steal the shw" in paragraph 2 mean？ C
A．Ruin the effrt.
B．Face the challenge.
C．Attract mre attentin.
D．Keep the prmise.
（2）Why des Murabana target girl students in remte areas？ B
A．T help them ut f pverty.
B．T inspire their lve f astrnmy.
C．T lk fr assistants fr her wrk.
D．T give them an edge ver bys in studies.
（3）What can we learn abut Murabana frm paragraph 6？ D
A．She enjyed playing games.
B．She lnged t be an astrnmer.
C．She is an initiatr f Csms Educatin.
D．She regretted nt taking astrnmy earlier.
（4）What's the passage mainly abut？ C
A．The birth f a Kenyan wman astrnmer.
B．The prejudice against girls in rural Kenyan.
C．The Kenyan astrnmer bringing astrnmy t the peple.
D．The Kenyan stargazers watching the Perseid meters shwer.
【考点】记叙文；科普知识．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CBDC
【分析】本篇是记叙文。文章主要讲述了肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana致力于普及天文知识的情况。
【解答】（1）词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子 The Star Safari is rganised by a Kenyan astrnmer，Susan Murabana，wh has brught a 50 kg，170 cm﹣lng telescpe t allw the grup t view Mars and deep﹣sky bjects.But here in Samburu，where light pllutin is minimal，the Perseid meters—visible with the naked eye （裸眼）—steal the shw.（"星际旅行"由肯尼亚天文学家苏珊•穆拉巴纳组织，她带来了一台50公斤、170厘米长的望远镜，使该小组能够观察火星和深空物体。但在光污染最小的桑布鲁，肉眼可见的英仙座流星抢了风头。）可知，划线部分的意思是"吸引了更多注意力"。A．Ruin the effrt毁了努力；B．Face the challenge面对挑战；C．Attract mre attentin吸引更多注意力；D．Keep the prmise信守承诺。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第五段"There is a cmmn miscnceptin in Kenya that astrnmy in general is hard，bring，and nly fr bys，" she adds. "I'd like t teach yung girls that astrnmy is neither f these things and that they，t，can becme astrnmers，" says Murabana.（她补充说："在肯尼亚有一种普遍的误解，认为天文学总体上是困难、无聊的，而且只适合男孩。"Murabana说："我想告诉年轻女孩，天文学不是这两种东西，她们也可以成为天文学家。"）可知，Murabana主要针对偏远地区的女孩，为了激发她们对天文学的热爱。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第六段If an utreach grup had cme t me when I was a yung teenager.my attitude twards a career in astrnmy wuld have been psitive.I ended up studying scilgy and ecnmics，but maybe I wuld have desired t be an astrnmer （如果在我十几岁的时候有一个外展小组来找我，我对天文学事业的态度会是积极的。我最终学习了社会学和经济学，但也许我想成为一名天文学家）推知，Murabana后悔没有早点学天文学。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第三段Every tw mnths，Murabana and her husband lad their telescpe n t the rf f their4×4 and set ff t rural cmmunities，where they give up t 300 children a chance t view the planets and learn abut cnstellatins （星座） and the basics f astrphysics. （每两个月，Murabana和她的丈夫就把望远镜装到他们4×4的屋顶上，然后出发前往农村社区，在那里他们给了多达300名儿童一个观看行星、了解星座和天体物理学基础知识的机会。）可知，本文主要介绍了致力于把天文学带给人民的肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana的故事。故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
16．（2024•长春模拟） Raised in a fatherless hme，my father was extremely tightfisted twards us children.His attitude didn't sften as I grew int adulthd and drifted away t cllege.I had t ride the bus whenever I came hme.Thugh the bus stpped abut tw miles frm hme，Dad never met me，even in cld weather.If I grumbled（嘟囔），he'd say in his ludest father vice，"That's what yur legs are fr!"
The walk didn't bther me as much as the fear f walking alne alng the highway and cuntry rads.I als felt less than valued that my father didn't seem cncerned abut my safety.That feeling was canceled ne spring evening.
It had been a particularly difficult week at cllege after lng hurs in labs.I lnged fr hme.When the bus reached a stp，I stepped ff and dragged my suitcase t begin the lng jurney hme.
A rw f hedge（篱笆） edged the driveway that climbed the hill t ur huse.Once I had turned ff the highway t start the last lap f my jurney，I was always relieved t see the hedge because it meant that I was almst hme.On that particular evening，the hedge had just cme int view when I saw smething gray mving alng the tp f the hedge，mving tward the huse.Upn clser bservatin，I realized it was the tp f my father's head.Then I knew，each time I'd cme hme，he had std behind the hedge，watching，until he knew I had arrived safely.I swallwed hard against the threatening tears.He did care，after all.
On later visits，that spt f gray became my watchtwer.I culd hardly wait until I was clse enugh t watch fr its secret mvement abve the greenery.Upn reaching hme，I wuld find my father sitting inncently in his chair."S!My sn，it's yu!"he'd say，his face lengthening int pretended surprise.
I replied，"Yes，Dad，it's me.I'm hme."
（1）What did the authr think f the tw﹣mile walk hme？ C
A.It reflected his value.
B.It was the mst trublesme.
C.It wasn't ranked number ne in his cncerns.
D.It was extremely unbearable in cld weathers.
（2）Hw did the authr feel when he saw the hedge？ B
A.Disappinted.
B.Hpeful.
C.Frustrated.
D.Regretful.
（3）Why did the authr's father watch behind the hedge？ C
A.The authr ften changed rutes back hme.
B.He wanted t help the authr build up curage.
C.He was really cncerned abut his sn's safety.
D.That was the nly way he culd express his lve.
（4）Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text？ A
A.Father's Secret.
B.My Childhd Life.
C.Terrible Jurney Hme.
D.Riding Bus Alne.
【考点】记叙文；日常生活．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CBCA
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者的父亲表面上不关心自己的孩子，实际上会躲在树篱后面看着儿子回家，确保孩子的安全。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段的The walk didn't bther me as much as the fear f walking alne alng the highway and cuntry rads（步行两英里并没有像独自走在高速公路和乡间小路上那样让我烦恼），可知对步行两英里回家不是作者最担心的事，故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的A rw f hedge（篱笆） edged the driveway that climbed the hill t ur huse.Once I had turned ff the highway t start the last lap f my jurney，I was always relieved t see the hedge because it meant that I was almst hme（一排树篱沿着通往我们家的上坡车道。当我离开高速公路开始旅程的最后一圈时，看到树篱我总是松了一口气，因为这意味着我几乎要回家了），可知作者看到树篱时会觉得充满希望，故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段的Then I knew，each time I'd cme hme，he had std behind the hedge，watching，until he knew I had arrived safely.I swallwed hard against the threatening tears.He did care，after all（然后我知道，每次我回家，他都站在树篱后面看着，直到他知道我已经安全到达。我强忍着威胁的泪水咽了下去。毕竟，他确实很在乎），可知作者的父亲在树篱后面看着是因为他真的很关心儿子的安全，故选C。
（4）标题判断题。通读全文，可知本文讲述了作者的父亲表面上不关心自己的孩子，实际上会躲在树篱后面看着儿子回家，确保孩子的安全，所以A.Father's Secret（父亲的秘密）可以反映文章的主题，适合作为标题，故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
17．（2024•呼和浩特一模） The Asch Cnfrmity Experiments，cnducted by psychlgist Slmn Asch in the 1950s，demnstrated the pwer f cnfrmity. （从众） in grups and shwed that even simple bjective facts cannt resist the pressure f grup influence.
In the experiments，grups f university students were asked t participate in a perceptin test.In reality，all but ne f the participants were "cnfederates"，cperatrs with the experimenter wh nly pretended t be participants.The study was abut hw the remaining student wuld react t the behavir f the ther "participants".
The participants f the experiment were presented with a card with a simple vertical （垂直） black line n it.Then，they were given a secnd card with three lines f varying length labeled A．B，and C．One line n the secnd card was the same length as that n the first，and the ther tw lines were bviusly lnger and shrter.
Participants were asked t state ut lud in frnt f each ther which line，A，B，r C，matched the length f the line n the first card.In each experimental case，the cnfederates answered first，and the real participant was seated s that he wuld answer last.In sme cases，the cnfederates answered crrectly，while in thers，they answered incrrectly.
Asch intended t see if the real participant wuld be pressured t answer incrrectly in the instances when the cnfederates did s，r whether their belief in their wn perceptin and crrectness wuld utweigh the scial pressure prvided by the respnses f the ther grup members.
Asch fund that ne﹣third f real participants gave the same wrng answers as the cnfederates at least half the time.Frty percent gave sme wrng answers，and nly ne﹣furth gave crrect answers in defiance f the pressure t cnfrm t the wrng answers prvided by the grup.
In interviews fllwing the trials，Asch fund that fr thse wh answered incrrectly，in cnfrmance with the grup，sme believed that the answers given by the cnfederates were crrect，sme thught that they were suffering a lapse（失误） in perceptin when they riginally had the answer different frm the grup，and thers admitted that they knew that they had the crrect answer，but cnfrmed t the incrrect answer because they didn't want t break frm the majrity.
（1）What are the participants asked t d in the experiment？ B
A．Label the cards with different letters.
B．Pick ut tw lines f the same length.
C．State the reasn fr matching the cards.
D．Identify the lngest vertical black line.
（2）What's paragraph 5 mainly abut？ C
A．The result f the experiment.
B．The design f the experiment.
C．The purpse f the experiment.
D．The prcedure f the experiment.
（3）What des the underlined part "in defiance f" in paragraph 6 mean？ A
A．In spite f.B．Fr fear f.
C．In respnse t.D．On accunt f.
（4）Why did the real participants give a wrng answer？ C
A．They misunderstd the questin.
B．They believed their wn judgment.
C．They failed t resist grup influence.
D．They wanted t be different frm thers.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】BCAC
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了心理学家索洛蒙•阿什的实验揭示了从众行为的力量，有些参与者选择错误答案是出于遵循大多数人的心理，而放弃了自己正确的判断。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段Participants were asked t state ut lud in frnt f each ther which line，A，B，r C，matched the length f the line n the first card（参与者被要求在彼此面前大声说出哪条线（A、B或C）与第一张卡片上的线长度相符）可知参与者被要求挑出两条长度相同的线。故选B。
（2）段落大意题。根据第五段的Asch intended t see if the real participant wuld be pressured t answer incrrectly in the instances when the cnfederates did s，r whether their belief in their wn perceptin and crrectness wuld utweigh the scial pressure prvided by the respnses f the ther grup members. （Asch想看看真正的参与者是否会在同伴回答错误的情况下受到压力，或者他们对自己的看法和正确性的信念是否会超过其他小组成员的回答所带来的社会压力。） 可知，Asch是要通过实验来看一下参与者面对压力的反应，即本段主要讲的是实验的目的。故选C。
（3）猜测词义题。根据第六段的Asch fund that ne﹣third f real participants gave the same wrng answers as the cnfederates at least half the time.Frty percent gave sme wrng answers （Asch发现，三分之一的真实参与者至少有一半的时间给出了与同伙相同的错误答案。40%的人给出了一些错误的答案）可知，这是在描述受到压力影响的人给出的答案，再由nly一词可知，接下来谈的应该是不顾压力影响的人给出的答案，因此，划线短语意为"无视，不顾"。A．In spite f.无视，不顾；B．Fr fear f.以免；C．In respnse t.回应；D．On accunt f.因为。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段的thers admitted that they knew that they had the crrect answer，but cnfrmed t the incrrect answer because they didn't want t break frm the majrity （一些人承认他们知道自己有正确的答案，但因为不想与大多数人决裂而遵从了错误的答案。）可知，真正的参与者给出了错误的答案是因为他们未能抵制群体的影响。故选C。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
18．（2024•贵溪市校级模拟） Eva，the Belgian Malinis，is hme nw，getting a well﹣deserved rest surrunded by new tys after nearly dying while prtecting her human frm a muntain lin.
The attack happened n May 16 in nrthern Califrnia when 24﹣year﹣ld Erin Wilsn headed dwn a path tward the Trinity River befre she fund herself crnered by a muntain lin. "I was just walking dwn the slpe with the dg running ahead f me.I turned arund and there was this cat just grwling at me and it attacked me，" Wilsn tld NPR. "I screamed fr Eva and she came running."
Muntain lin attacks n humans are incredibly rare.Since 1890，Califrnia has recrded nly six fatal muntain lin attacks because f the animal's generally shy，reclusive （独处的） nature.Their preferred prey is deer，which are nrmally in abundance in their frested habitat，but recent drught cnditins have made fd scarce in sme areas.Wilsn thught that these cnditins made the sudden appearance f a slim wman lk like an attractive ptin.
T prtect her human，Eva leapt between Wilsn and the lin，tackling the wild cat and embarked n a life﹣and﹣death struggle between the tw animals.After a shrt fight，the muntain lin gt its jaws arund Eva's head and Wilsn fught t free her dg，hitting the lin with rcks in an attempt t break its grip.Eventually，Wilsn ran back t her truck and flagged dwn passing mtrist Sharn Hustn fetching an irn bar frm her truck.Wilsn and Hustn ran back dwn the trail and their cmbined effrts managed t frighten the big cat ff.
Wunded herself and shaken by the experience，Wilsn still managed t carry Eva back t the Animal Hspital.The 2﹣year﹣ld dg didn't need surgery，but her wunds were still extensive.Eva left the animal hspital n May 19 with surgical tape wrapped arund bth her frnt paws，and the veterinarian said she might lse sight in her left eye.
（1）What made Erin Wilsn the target f the muntain lin？ B
A．The abundant deer in their frested habitat.
B．The lack f prey due t extreme cnditins.
C．The muntain lin's shy and reclusive nature.
D．The slim and attractive appearance f Wilsn.
（2）What d the underlined wrds "embarked n" mean in paragraph 4？ D
A．Made up.
B．Went n.
C．Strve t.
D．Kicked ff.
（3）Hw did Wilsn drive the muntain lin ff？ D
A．She freed a dg and threw rcks at it fiercely.
B．She stpped a passing driver and brke its grip.
C．She gathered lcal peple and shuted ludly at it.
D．She used a tl and scared it away with anther driver.
（4）Which f the fllwing can best describe Eva accrding t the passage？ A
A．Heric and lyal.
B．Obedient but weak.
C．Friendly and dependable.
D．Determined and naughty.
【考点】记叙文；日常生活．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只勇敢的狗Eva在山狮袭击主人时勇敢保护主人的故事。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Their preferred prey is deer，which are nrmally in abundance in their frested habitat，but recent drught cnditins have made fd scarce in sme areas.Wilsn thught that these cnditins made the sudden appearance f a slim wman lk like an attractive ptin.（它们最喜欢的猎物是鹿，通常在它们的森林栖息地有大量的鹿，但最近的干旱使一些地区的食物短缺。Wilsn认为，这些条件使得一个突然出现的苗条女人看起来是一个有吸引力的选择。）可知，Erin Wilsn认为自己成为山狮的目标是因为最近的干旱使当地鹿极度缺乏。故选B。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第四段T prtect her human，Eva leapt between Wilsn and the lin，tackling the wild cat and embarked n a life﹣and﹣death struggle between the tw animals.（为了保护她的人类，伊娃在威尔逊和狮子之间跳跃，抓住野猫，开始了这两只动物之间的生死搏斗。）可推测，划线短语embarked n的意思是"开始"，A．Made up编造；B．Went n继续；C．Strve t努力；D．Kicked ff开始。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第四段Eventually，Wilsn ran back t her truck and flagged dwn passing mtrist Sharn Hustn fetching an irn bar frm her truck.Wilsn and Hustn ran back dwn the trail and their cmbined effrts managed t frighten the big cat ff.（最后，威尔逊跑回她的卡车，示意路过的司机莎伦•休斯顿停下来，她从卡车上取了一根铁棒。威尔逊和休斯顿沿着小路跑回去，他们的共同努力成功地把这只大猫吓跑了。）可知，Wilsn用工具和另一个司机一起把山狮吓跑了。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第二段Wilsn tld NPR. "I screamed fr Eva and she came running."（Wilsn告诉NPR。"我尖叫着喊Eva，她就跑过来了。"）以及文章第四段T prtect her human，Eva leapt between Wilsn and the lin，tackling the wild cat and embarked n a life﹣and﹣death struggle between the tw animals.（为了保护她的主人，Eva跳到了Wilsn和狮子之间，抓住了狮子，开始了两只动物之间的生死搏斗。）可知，Eva忠诚且英勇。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
19．（2024•怀仁市校级四模）Reshaping the wrld fr a fssil fuel﹣free future means wrking quickly.Climate scientists say carbn emissins must stp by 2025 t minimize envirnmental damage.And by designing cmputatinal materials tgether with makers wh can build and test them quickly，scientists can rapidly develp technlgies like mre pwerful slar cells and car batteries.
Michael is the name f a supercmputer devted t just ne task–discvering the ultimate battery system.Researchers at University Cllege Lndn will use Michael t digitally build and test prttypes（原型）in every new material and type f cell pssible t imprve battery life，perfrmance and price.
Finding a resilient（弹性的）design fr slid﹣state batteries wuld be a huge breakthrugh fr electric vehicles and energy strage.Lighter，lnger﹣lasting and cheaper slid﹣state technlgy culd vastly imprve vehicle range and charging time.And the energy frm slar and wind pwer culd be mre efficiently stred until ready fr use.
Scientists wrking in the US and the UK led the way in the 1970s in develping the lithium﹣in（锂离子）battery used in tday's electric cars，laptps and cameras But cmmercial units were nly develped nce the Japanese electrnics giant pushed the technlgy frward fr mass prductin.Partnerships between cmpanies and universities culd ultimately crack slid﹣state battery design.Oxfrd University and sme cmpanies are lking t win the internatinal race t create a durable prduct.But they are nly ne amng many.
Replacing liquid used in lithium﹣in batteries with a slid cnductr may take large digital prcessing.Electric vehicle makers are wrking with a cmputer giant t find successful designs that may include cheap and plentiful materials fund in seawater.An electric vehicle maker is partnering with NASA t pen a slid﹣state battery plant that uses n rare r expensive metals.The plan is t create a large database f materials that can be mixed and matched fr the best cmbinatins.
But cmputatinal materials may be needed in virtually every industry.And by rapidly classifying millins f substances n their ability t cnduct electricity，their tughness，r the way they reflect light，AI and supercmputers can speed up the prcess f creating materials fr just abut anything.
（1）What message des paragraph 1 cnvey？ C
A．It's t fast t design cmputatinal materials.
B．It's t late t reshape the fssil fuel﹣free wrld.
C．Develping green energy can reduce carbn emissins.
D．Develping technlgy can speed up carbn emissins.
（2）What are slid﹣state batteries expected t be like？ C
A．Heavy and slid.
B．Light but breakable.
C．Less﹣cstly and wrkable.
D．Expensive but efficient.
（3）Why des the authr mentin Oxfrd University in paragraph 4？ B
A．T shw the weakness f mass prductin.
B．T shw the gd trend f the cperatin.
C．T shw the difficulty f the battery design.
D．T shw the develpment f British technlgy.
（4）What can be the best title fr the text？ D
A．Michael Is Devted t String Slar Energy.
B．Cmpanies and NASA Will Push Technlgy Frward.
C．Electric Vehicle Makers Are Struggling t Slve Air Pllutin.
D．Supercmputers and AI Can Create Future Lw﹣carbn Industries.
【考点】说明文；科技．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CCBD
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了利用超级计算机和人工智能设计新能源固态电池的美好前景。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段Climate scientists say carbn emissins must stp by 2025 t minimize envirnmental damage.And by designing cmputatinal materials tgether with makers wh can build and test them quickly，scientists can rapidly develp technlgies like mre pwerful slar cells and car batteries. （气候科学家说，为了尽量减少对环境的破坏，必须在2025年前停止碳排放。通过与能够快速制造和测试计算材料的制造商一起设计计算材料，科学家可以迅速开发出更强大的太阳能电池和汽车电池等技术。）可知，科学家可以研发出更强大的太阳能电池和汽车电池之类的技术以减少碳排放。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Lighter，lnger﹣lasting and cheaper slid﹣state technlgy culd vastly imprve vehicle range and charging time. （更轻、更持久、更便宜的固态技术可以极大地改善汽车行驶里程和充电时间。）可知，该固态电池预计成本更低并且实用有效。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段Partnerships between cmpanies and universities culd ultimately crack slid﹣state battery design.Oxfrd University and sme cmpanies are lking t win the internatinal race t create a durable prduct. （公司和大学之间的合作可能最终会破坏固态电池设计。牛津大学和一些公司正在寻求赢得国际竞赛，以创造一个耐用的产品。但他们只是其中之一。）可知，作者提及牛津大学是为了表明大学和公司合作破解固态电池设计难题成了一种良好的趋势。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Reshaping the wrld fr a fssil fuel﹣free future means wrking quickly. （重塑世界，实现无化石燃料的未来意味着要迅速行动。）本文介绍，实现无化石燃料，创造低碳产业。以及文章最后一段But cmputatinal materials may be needed in virtually every industry.And by rapidly classifying millins f substances n their ability t cnduct electricity，their tughness，r the way they reflect light，AI and supercmputers can speed up the prcess f creating materials fr just abut anything.（但几乎每个行业都需要计算材料。通过根据导电能力、韧性或反射光的方式对数百万种物质进行快速分类，人工智能和超级计算机可以加快为几乎任何东西创造材料的过程。）可知，说明人工智能和超级计算机可以创造未来的低碳产业。所以本文的标题可以为人工智能和超级计算机可以创造未来的低碳产业。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
20．（2024•淅川县校级三模）
MiG Prize 2022
The Michel Gelrubin Architecture Prize is designed t bring ut new talents by giving students an pprtunity fr internatinal recgnitin.Open internatinally，the Prize is awarded annually t hnr students whse wrk demnstrates a cmbinatin f visin and talent in the art f architecture and planning.
This Year's Challenge
This year's cmpetitin invites prpsals fr prjects that integrate at least 3 different uses int a building.The prjects shuld include private and public spaces，and cnsider the urban cntext.
Timeline
Launch：August 1st，2022
Registratin Deadline：September 15th，2022（registratin is free）
Submissin Deadline：Nvember 19th，2022
Result Annuncement：December 17th，2022
Prizes
First prize ＄5，000
Secnd prize ＄2，500
Third Prize ＄1，500
The Jury（评委会）
The prjects will be scred based n their riginality，design，envirnmental effects，and presentatin.
Participatin
The cmpetitin is pen t any student studying architecture during the academic year2022﹣2023.Candidates can apply as individuals r as teams.
Materials
Electrnic submissin f the prject files must include：
• Psters that integrate the dcuments explaining the prject（plans，sectins，elevatins，phts，renderings （透视图） ，illustratins，images，diagrams，and text）
A presentatin f the prject（max 15 slides）
A vide file （max 3 min.） is ptinal but highly recmmended.
All the dcuments must be written in English and sent in a PDF frmat（except the vides）.
Fr mre infrmatin，see https：//migprize.cm.
（1）What d we knw abut the cmpetitin？ D
A．It ffers ＄1，500 fr secnd prize.
B．It is pen t all graduates in architecture.
C．It charges an all﹣time lw registratin fee this year.
D．It fcuses n designing a mixed﹣use building this year.
（2）By which time shuld all the prject files be handed in？ C
A．August 1st，2022.
B．September 15th，2022.
C．Nvember 19th，2022.
D．December 17th，2022.
（3）Which f the fllwing must be included in the submissin？ A
A．Integrated psters in the English versin.
B．A vide file f n mre than 3 minutes.
C．A presentatin f n less than 15 slides.
D．Paper dcuments explaining the prject.
【考点】应用文；文学与艺术．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是应用文。文章是2022年The Michel Gelrubin建筑奖的报名通知。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据This Year's Challenge的部分中的This year's cmpetitin invites prpsals fr prjects that integrate at least 3 different uses int a building.（今年的竞赛邀请至少将三种不同用途整合到建筑中的项目提案。）可知，该公司今年的重点是设计一座多功能建筑。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Timeline部分中的Submissin Deadline：Nvember 19th，2022（投稿截止日期：2022年11月19日）可知，所有项目文件于2022年11月19日前提交。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据Materials部分中的Psters that integrate the dcuments explaining the prject（plans，sectins，elevatins，phts，renderings （透视图） ，illustratins，images，diagrams，and text）（整合了项目说明文件（平面图、剖面图、立面图、照片、效果图、插图、图像、图表和文本）的海报）和All the dcuments must be written in English（所有文件必须用英文书写）可知，提交的电子文件必须包括英文整合项目说明文件（包括平面图、剖面图、立面图、照片、透视图、插图、图片图表和文本）的海报。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
21．（2024•贵溪市校级模拟） Yu are what yu eat﹣and what yu eat may be encded in yur DNA．Studies have indicated that yur genes play a rle in determining the fds yu find delicius r disgusting.But exactly hw big a rle they play has been difficult t figure ut. "Everything has a genetic cmpnent.even if it's small， "says Janne Cle，a geneticist at the University f Clrad Schl f Medicine. "We knw that there is sme genetic cntributin t why we eat the fds we eat Can we take the next step and actually lcate the regins in the genme （基因）？"
New research led by Cle has gtten a step clser.Thrugh a large﹣scale genmics analysis，her team has identified 481 genme regins that were directly linked t dietary patterns and fd preferences.The findings，which have nt yet been peer﹣reviewed，were presented last mnth at the American Sciety fr Nutritin's annual cnference.
The team based the new study n a 2020 Nature Cmmunicatins study by Cle and her clleagues that used data frm the ，a public database f the genetic and health infrmatin f 500，000 participants.By scanning genmes，the new analysis was able t identify 194 regins assciated with dietary patterns and 287 linked t specific fds such as fruit，cheese，fish，tea and alchl Further understanding hw genetics impact hw we eat culd reveal differences in nutritinal needs r disease risks.
"One f the prblems with a lt f these genmics studies is that they're very small.They dn't have enugh peple t really be able t identify genes in ways that are credible.This study had a huge grup f peple，s it's really pwerful. " says Mnica Dus，a geneticist at the University f Michigan. "The ther thing that I thught was really great is that there are s many different traits that they're measuring related t diet including chlesterl （胆固醇）.the bdy and sciecnmic backgrunds. " As the research advances.Dus says，such genme analysis culd ptentially assist health care prviders and even plicymakers t address larger issues that affect fd access and health.
It's definitely true that it may cntribute t making sure there aren't fd deserts﹣areas which have limited access t fresh，healthy and affrdable fd﹣r t making sure that there's a higher minimum wage s that everyne can affrd t eat，althugh the jurney ahead remains lengthy and challenging
（1）Hw did researchers cnduct the present study？ C
A．By invlving a substantial number f participants.
B．By directly analyzing the data frm a public database.
C．By building n a previus study based n large﹣scale data.
D．By identifying genme regins assciated with dietary patterns.
（2）Which statement will Mnica Dus prbably agree with？ D
A．Pwerful participants were invlved in the current study.
B．The methds emplyed fr the previus studies were credible.
C．The genme analyses have helped address larger scial issues.
D．Varius features linked t diet were cnsidered in the present study.
（3）What's the authr's attitude twards the present study？ B
A．Critical.
B．Optimistic.
C．Skeptical.
D．Indifferent.
（4）What is the text mainly abut？ D
A．The benefits f latest large﹣scale diet﹣related genme analyses.
B．The cntributin f genes t diet patterns and fd preferences.
C．The significance f a newly published diet﹣related genme discvery.
D．The intrductin f a research n identifying diet﹣related genme regins.
【考点】说明文；健康．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CDBD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过研究基因与饮食习惯之间的联系，探讨了基因对个体饮食选择和健康状况的影响。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第三段The team based the new study n a 2020 Nature Cmmunicatins study by Cle and her clleagues that used data frm the ，a public database f the genetic and health infrmatin f 500，000 participants.By scanning genmes，the new analysis was able t identify 194 regins assciated with dietary patterns and 287 linked t specific fds such as fruit，cheese，fish，tea and alchl.（该团队的新研究基于Cle和她的同事在2020年《自然通讯》上发表的一项研究，该研究使用了来自英国生物银行的数据，这是一个包含50万参与者遗传和健康信息的公共数据库。通过扫描基因组，新的分析能够确定194个与饮食模式相关的区域，287个与水果、奶酪、鱼、茶和酒精等特定食物相关的区域。）可知该研究是建立在先前基于大规模数据的研究基础上。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第四段Mnica Dus 所说的The ther thing that I thught was really great is that there are s many different traits that they're measuring related t diet including chlesterl （胆固醇）.the bdy and sciecnmic backgrunds.（我认为另一件非常棒的事情是，他们测量的许多不同的特征都与饮食有关，包括胆固醇。）可知，Mnica Dus认为该研究考虑了很多与饮食有关的特征。故选D。
（3）观点态度题。根据文章最后一段It's definitely true that it may cntribute t making sure there aren't fd deserts﹣areas which have limited access t fresh，healthy and affrdable fd﹣r t making sure that there's a higher minimum wage s that everyne can affrd t eat，althugh the jurney ahead remains lengthy and challenging.（毫无疑问，这可能有助于确保没有食物沙漠——那些无法获得新鲜、健康和负担得起的食物的地区——或者确保有更高的最低工资，这样每个人都能吃得起，尽管未来的旅程仍然漫长而充满挑战。）作者对这项研究抱有乐观的态度。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文章第二段New research led by Cle has gtten a step clser.Thrugh a large﹣scale genmics analysis，her team has identified 481 genme regins that were directly linked t dietary patterns and fd preferences.The findings，which have nt yet been peer﹣reviewed，were presented last mnth at the American Sciety fr Nutritin's annual cnference.（ Cle领导的一项新研究离这个目标又近了一步。通过大规模的基因组分析，她的团队已经确定了481个基因组区域，这些区域与饮食模式和食物偏好直接相关。这些尚未经过同行评议的研究结果在上个月的美国营养学会年会上发表。）可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究确定了481个基因组区域与饮食模式和食物偏好直接相关。故选D。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
22．（2024•信都区校级模拟） Well，it isn't a lng stry，but I wnder if yu will really understand.
I used t be crazy abut hunting.There's a thrill in hunting，an excitement that cmes ver yu when a deer crashes ut f the bush.After hunting，yu feel great t shw ff with the bys.
It was like that the last time I was in the wds.I went up int the hills alne，heading fr a well﹣used deer trail.Sure enugh there were fresh tracks in the snw.Then I saw him.A deer，a big beautiful deer!Surely I culdn't miss!I waited fr him t realize I was there and run away.But he fled me cmpletely.He came twards me!He was curius，I suppse，r maybe he was stupid—hw else can yu explain it？
He must have knwn abut men and guns.But he came clser，putting ne ft befre the ther，slwly and purpsefully.His big eyes never mved frm my face.Well，that deer walked right up t me.Then he stpped and lked at me!
What happened next is hard t believe，but it's true.And it all seemed quite natural.Just as when a friendly puppy cmes near yu，I reached up and scratched his head，right between the hrns.And he liked t be scratched.That big，wild，beautiful deer bent his head like a yung hrse.In fact，he practically asked fr mre.I scratched his head and his nse pked at my shulder.He didn't even tremble.Well，he finally went his way，dwn the hill and up the deer trail.Sht him？Nt me.Yu wuldn't have either，nt after that.I just watched him g.
There's very little mre t tell.I picked up my therms，and started walking back.I was abut half way back when I heard tw shts，fllwed by a dull slam a few secnds later.Thse tw shts usually mean a kill.I had frgtten there were ther hunters that day.
Thse hunters wuld never knw they culd have scratched his head...
（1）Why did the authr mentin his craze fr hunting？ C
A.T present a cause.
B.T illustrate an idea.
C.T make a cntrast.
D.T explain a phenmenn.
（2）Why did the authr change his mind and let the deer g？ C
A.The deer was stupid.
B.The authr was nt prepared.
C.Their interactin sftened the authr.
D.The deer fled the authr int ding that.
（3）What can be inferred frm the text？ A
A.The deer was prbably killed.
B.The deer was alert t human beings.
C.The authr is an inexperienced hunter.
D.The authr was happy that the deer ran away.
（4）Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text？ D
A.A Hunting in Late Fall.
B.A Lvely Deer.
C.The Cruel Killing.
D.The Last Hunting.
【考点】记叙文；日常生活．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者以前喜欢打猎，但最后一次打猎他遇到了一头单纯、善良、愿意与人亲近的鹿，并与他之间有了温馨的、友好的互动，他不忍心伤害这只鹿，把他放走了的一段故事。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段I used t be crazy abut hunting.（我以前很喜欢打猎）和第五段Sht him？Nt me.Yu wuldn't have either，nt after that.I just watched him g.（射杀他吗？不是我。你也不会的，在那之后。我只是看着他离开）可知，作者以前喜欢打猎，可这一次他却放走了这只鹿，可见作者提到他以前喜欢打猎，是为了和后来的转变作鲜明的对比。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第五段Just as when a friendly puppy cmes near yu，I reached up and scratched his head，right between the hrns.And he liked t be scratched.That big，wild，beautiful deer bent his head like a yung hrse.In fact，he practically asked fr mre.I scratched his head and his nse pked at my shulder.He didn't even tremble.（就像一只友好的小狗靠近你时，我伸手抓了抓它的头，就在两角之间。他喜欢被抓。那只又大又野又漂亮的鹿像一匹小马似的低下了头，事实上，他实际上要求更多，我抓着他的头，他的鼻子戳着我的肩膀，他甚至没有颤抖）和Sht him？Nt me.Yu wuldn't have either，nt after that.I just watched him g.（射杀他吗？不是我。你也不会的，在那之后。我只是看着他离开）可知，作者和鹿之间的互动令作者心软了，于是放走了鹿。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第六段"hse tw shts usually mean a kill.I had frgtten there were ther hunters that day.（这两枪通常意味着一枪毙命，那天我忘了还有其他猎人）可知，那只鹿很可能被别的猎人猎杀了。故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段Well，it isn't a lng stry，but I wnder if yu will really understand.（这说来话长，但我想知道你是否真的能理解）、第二段I used t be crazy abut hunting.（我以前很喜欢打猎）、第五段I just watched him g.（我只是看着他离开）、最后一段Thse hunters wuld never knw they culd have scratched his head...（那些猎人永远不会知道他们可以抓他的头……）及全文内容可知，作者通过讲述他以前喜欢打猎，但这次小鹿对人类的不设防及主动亲近，以及他们之间的温馨互动让他心软，不忍伤害小鹿，最终放走了他的故事，告诉了读者他放弃猎杀小鹿的原因，所以这是作者"最后一次捕猎"，选项D.The Last Hunting"最后一次捕猎"是本文的最佳标题。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
23．（2024•建平县校级模拟） "It's t sugary，I can't manage very many，" said a friend.She wasn't talking abut dessert but abut sme fresh cherries.I bit int anther cherry and realized she was right.The fruit was s sweet that it was as if it had been pre﹣sugared.
But the cherries f my childhd were much less sweet than tday's cherries.Sme f them were hardly sweet at all，which made it all the mre exciting when yu happened upn a super sweet ne.
Is mdern fruit getting sweeter？The answer is yes.Sme f the mst pwerful evidence cmes frm zs.In 2018，Melburne Z in Australia had stpped giving fruit t mst f its animals because cultivated fruit was nw s sweet that it was causing tth decay and weight gain.
Breeding isn't the nly reasn that mdern fruit is sweeter；there's als climate change.It's fund that since the 1970s，with rising temperatures，Fuji apples have becme significantly sweeter and sfter.
But the sweetness f mdern fruit is nt withut its prblems，especially fr peple with diabetes，wh have t be careful t mderate their intake f higher ﹣ sugar fruits such as pineapple.Fruit that is bred sweeter als tends t be lwer in the phytchemicals （植物化学成分） that make it s healthy.
Health aside，maybe the real prblem with mdern fruit is that it has becme yet anther sweet thing in a wrld filled with sugar.Even grapefruit，which used t be quite bitter，is smetimes nw as sweet as ranges.If yu've never tasted a sur cherry，hw can yu fully appreciate a sweet ne？Experts put frwards sme thughts abut hw t appreciate the varius tastes f mdern fruit.
（1）Why des the authr mentin her friend's wrds in Paragraph 1？ A
A．T intrduce the tpic f the extreme sweetness f mdern cherries.
B．T highlight the cntent f friend's preference fr sur cherries.
C．T emphasize the imprtance f pre﹣sugaring fruits.
D．T shw the breeding and selectin f mdern fruit.
（2）What's the authr' view n the rise f cnsistently sweeter fruit？ C
A．The authr believes it has n impact n health.
B．The authr sees it as a triumph f plant breeding.
C．The authr thinks it is a bit wrrying in tday's wrld.
D．The authr is cncerned that it will lead t bitterness in fruit.
（3）What is a shrtcming f the mdern fruit accrding t the passage？ C
A．It is shrt f healthy phytchemicals.
B．It may nt be as tasty as it used t be.
C．It culd lack variety and cntrast in taste.
D．It desn't meet peple's need fr sweetness.
（4）What might the authr cntinue talking abut？ A
A．The advice n selecting mdern fruit.
B．The appraches t freeing bitter fruit.
C．The cmments abut cultivated grapefruit.
D．The research int the health f z animals.
【考点】议论文；健康．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】ACCA
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。旨在探讨现代水果甜度增加的问题，并分析其原因和影响。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段"It's t sugary，I can't manage very many，" said a friend.She wasn't talking abut dessert but abut sme fresh cherries.I bit int anther cherry and realized she was right.The fruit was s sweet that it was as if it had been pre﹣sugared.（"太甜了，我吃不太多，"一个朋友说。她说的不是甜点，而是一些新鲜樱桃。我又咬了一口樱桃，意识到她是对的。这水果太甜了，好像事先加了糖似的）可知，作者在第一段提到她朋友的话是为了引出现代樱桃的极致甜味。故选A项。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段But the sweetness f mdern fruit is nt withut its prblems，especially fr peple with diabetes，wh have t be careful t mderate their intake f higher ﹣ sugar fruits such as pineapple.Fruit that is bred sweeter als tends t be lwer in the phytchemicals （植物化学成分） that make it s healthy.（但是现代水果的甜味也不是没有问题，特别是对糖尿病患者来说，他们必须小心地减少摄入高糖水果，如菠萝。被培育得更甜的水果也往往含有更低的植物化学物质，而正是这些化学物质使它们如此健康）可知作者认为这在当今世界有点令人担忧。故选C项。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Health aside，maybe the real prblem with mdern fruit is that it has becme yet anther sweet thing in a wrld filled with sugar.Even grapefruit，which used t be quite bitter，is smetimes nw as sweet as ranges.If yu've never tasted a sur cherry，hw can yu fully appreciate a sweet ne？Experts put frwards sme thughts abut hw t appreciate the varius tastes f mdern fruit.（抛开健康不谈，也许现代水果的真正问题在于，它已经成为一个充满糖的世界里的又一种甜食。就连过去很苦的葡萄柚，现在有时也像橙子一样甜。如果你从来没有尝过酸樱桃，你怎么能完全喜欢甜樱桃呢？专家们对如何品尝现代水果的各种味道提出了一些看法）可知，根据文章，现代水果的缺点是可能缺乏口味的多样性和对比。故选C项。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Experts put frwards sme thughts abut hw t appreciate the varius tastes f mdern fruit.（专家们对如何品尝现代水果的各种味道提出了一些看法）可知，接下来，作者应是提出专家们对选择现代水果的建议。故选A项。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
24．（2024•广西模拟） Perhaps yu knw nrthern Americans still maintain the habit f celebrating Grundhg Day when a large grundhg （土拨鼠） checks t see its shadw n February 2 and helps t predict when winter will end.But have yu ever heard abut hw a muntain twn in Nrth Carlina uses a caterpillar （毛毛虫） knwn as the Wlly Wrm t make similar predictins？
Accrding t the flklre （民间传说），the amunt f black n the wlly wrm in autumn predicts the severity f the upcming winter.The lnger the wlly wrm's black bands （带） are，the lnger，clder，snwier，and mre severe the winter will be.Similarly，a wider middle brwn band is a sign f a milder upcming winter.The psitin f the lngest dark bands suppsedly indicates which part f winter will be cldest r hardest.If the head end f the caterpillar is dark，the beginning f winter will be severe.If the tail end is dark，the end f winter will be cld.In additin，the caterpillar has 13 segments （昆虫的节/段） t its bdy，which traditinal frecasters say crrespnd t the 13 weeks f winter.
Scientific studies n wrm frecasting are rare.American Museum f Natural Histry entmlgist Hward Curran cnducted a small trial in 1948.Having heard abut the caterpillar flklre，Curran headed t Bear Muntain State Park t cllect caterpillars each fall fr eight years.He fund that if the wrms had brwn markings n mre than a third f their bdy，winters tended t be milder.
Mst scientists view the flklre f caterpillar predictins as just that，flklre. "It's a wnderful stry，but I d think it was a playful trial，" says Je Bggs，an entmlgist at Ohi State University Extensin wh has studied wlly wrms. "Curran was a real scientist.He had tns f papers published，but he never published this ne — prbably because he knew it wuldn't stand up t peer review."
Mike Peters，an entmlgist at the University f Massachusetts，desn't disagree，but he says there culd be a link between the band f a caterpillar and the severity f winter.Peters suggests that the timing f their grwth and envirnmental cnditins，such as temperature，misture levels，and fd surces，can impact the appearance f wlly wrms，including their size，clratin，and band patterns.By analyzing these characteristics，researchers can ptentially infer infrmatin abut the weather cnditins. "The band des say smething abut a heavy winter，" he says. "The nly thing is that it's telling yu abut the previus year."
（1）Hw d peple predict the weather thrugh caterpillars？ D
A．By analyzing their living habits.
B．By measuring the change f their size.
C．By calculating the number f their segments.
D．By studying clr bands n their bdies.
（2）What is Hward Curran's finding based n？ A
A．His persnal bservatins.
B．An investigatin n the lcals.
C．Studies by previus scientists.
D．Statistics cllected by the museum.
（3）What is Je Bggs's attitude twards the flklre？ C
A．Psitive.
B．Indifferent.
C．Dubtful.
D．Unclear.
（4）Which statement might Mike Peters agree with？ B
A．The caterpillar frecasting needs lng﹣term data t supprt it.
B．The clr band f caterpillars can be a mirrr f past weather.
C．The cld envirnment has a great impact n caterpillars' grwth.
D．The caterpillar can help predict the severity f winter accurately.
【考点】说明文；传统习俗与文化．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】DACB
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了用毛毛虫预测冬天的民间传说。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中The lnger the wlly wrm's black bands （带） are，the lnger，clder，snwier，and mre severe the winter will be.Similarly，a wider middle brwn band is a sign f a milder upcming winter.（毛茸茸的蠕虫的黑色带越长，冬天就越长、越冷、越多雪，也就越严酷。同样，更宽的中间棕色带是即将到来的温和冬天的标志）可知，人们通过研究毛毛虫身体上的色带来预测天气。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中Having heard abut the caterpillar flklre，Curran headed t Bear Muntain State Park t cllect caterpillars each fall fr eight years.He fund that if the wrms had brwn markings n mre than a third f their bdy，winters tended t be milder.（听说了毛毛虫的民间传说后，Curran每年秋天都前往Bear Muntain州立公园收集毛毛虫，持续了八年。他发现，如果这些蠕虫身上有超过三分之一的褐色斑纹，冬天就会比较温和）可知，Hward Curran的发现是基于他自己的观察，故选A。
（3）观点态度题。根据第四段中Curran was a real scientist.He had tns f papers published，but he never published this ne — prbably because he knew it wuldn't stand up t peer review.（Curran是一位真正的科学家。他发表了大量的论文，但他从未发表过这篇——可能是因为他知道这篇论文经不起同行评议）可知Je Bggs对于这个民间传说持怀疑态度A．Psitive积极的；B．Indifferent不在乎的；C．Dubtful怀疑的；D．Unclear不清楚的。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中"The band des say smething abut a heavy winter，" he says. "The nly thing is that it's telling yu abut the previus year."（"乐队确实提到了一个寒冷的冬天，"他说。"唯一的问题是它告诉你上一年的情况。"）可知，Mike Peters同意毛虫的色带可以反映过去的天气。故选B。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
25．（2024•雨花区校级一模） 3 M and Discvery Educatin annunced Sean Jiang frm Gilman Schl as ne f the tp ten finalists frm acrss the natin fr the 2023 3 M Yung Scientist Challenge.It's a cmpetitin that encurages students t identify an everyday prblem and submit a vide shwing the science behind the slutin he r she came up with.
14﹣year﹣ld Jiang decided t help thse wh can't see.Blind peple had a hard time navigating （导航） bjects that are medium t far range.S Jiang wanted t design smething t give them a heads﹣up n bstacles （障碍） that may be incming.
Jiang's inspiratin came frm the pwers f the hearing system. "I learned in schl that bats and whales are able t use echlcatin （回声定位） t help them navigate and just use their sense f hearing and I als saw n YuTube sme very skilled blind peple that use echlcatin t help them walk，" said Jiang.
Jiang started with a virtual reality setting and then made it a reality.His creatin uses a depth camera that can detect hw clse bjects are，thus giving enugh time t ddge the bstacles.When a blind is walking with the device，the sensr f the depth camera gathers the infrmatin regarding the bstacles' psitin and distance.Then the AI system in it will turn the distance data int musical sund guidance.This culd significantly increase the walking speed f a blind persn as well as decrease the number f bstacles they hit.
Sme ther similar prgrams were alright at finding bjects that were in clse range，but Jiang still wanted the blind t experience the wrld even fuller s they were able t see stuff that was much further away than their circle f reach.
In Octber，the tp ten finalists will cmpete in persn in Minneaplis fr the title f "America's Tp Yung Scientist" and a ＄25，000 prize.
（1）What can we learn abut Jiang frm the first tw paragraphs？ C
A．He was the champin f the 2023 3 M event.
B．He invented technlgy t remve rad bstacles.
C．He sught t assist the blind in walking smthly.
D．He develped a new navigatin app fr his schl.
（2）Why did Jiang mentin "echlcatin"？ D
A．T shw the develpment f technlgy.
B．T present the difficulties the blind face.
C．T stress the significance f hearing.
D．T explain the inspiratin f his inventin.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "ddge" mean in paragraph 4？ A
A．Avid.
B．Encunter.
C．Challenge.
D．Remve.
（4）What is the text mainly abut？ B
A．3 M facilities intended fr the blind.
B．A teen using sund t help the blind.
C．An inventin t cure visin prblems.
D．A cmpetitin t imprve the blind's life.
【考点】新闻报道；创新与创业．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一个青少年Sean Jiang的发明创造，他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段14﹣year﹣ld Jiang decided t help thse wh can't see.Blind peple had a hard time navigating（导航） bjects that are medium t far range.S Jiang wanted t design smething t give them a heads﹣up n bstacles（障碍） that may be incming. （14岁的Jiang决定帮助那些看不见的人。盲人很难在中远距离的物体上导航。因此，Jiang想设计一些东西，让他们对可能到来的障碍有所预警。）可知，Jiang设法帮助盲人顺利行走。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中Jiang's inspiratin came frm the pwers f the hearing system. （Jiang的灵感来自于听觉系统的力量。）以及Jiang所说I learned in schl that bats and whales are able t use echlcatin （回声定位） t help them navigate and just use their sense f hearing and I als saw n YuTube sme very skilled blind peple that use echlcatin t help them walk.（ 我在学校里学过蝙蝠和鲸鱼能够利用回声定位来帮助它们导航，而且我还在YuTube上看到一些非常熟练的盲人利用回声定位来帮助他们走路。）可知，Jiang提到"回声定位"是为了解释他的发明灵感。故选D。
（3）词句猜测题。根据第四段His creatin uses a depth camera that can detect hw clse bjects are，thus giving enugh time t ddge the bstacles.When a blind is walking with the device，the sensr f the depth camera gathers the infrmatin regarding the bstacles' psitin and distance.（他的作品使用了一个深度相机，可以检测物体的距离，从而有足够的时间躲避障碍物。当盲人使用该设备行走时，深度相机的传感器会收集有关障碍物位置和距离的信息。）故划线词汇意思是"避开"。A．Avid避开；B．Encunter偶遇；C．Challenge挑战；D．Remve消除。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段中4﹣year﹣ld Jiang decided t help thse wh can't see. （14岁的Jiang决定帮助那些看不见的人。）以及第三段中Jiang's inspiratin came frm the pwers f the hearing system. （Jiang的灵感来自于听觉系统的力量。）可知，本文主要介绍了一个青少年Sean Jiang的发明创造，他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
考点卡片
1．日常生活
【考点介绍】
日常生活类文章在英语考试中通常以阅读理解的形式出现，主要考查学生的词汇量、阅读理解能力、文化背景知识和生活常识。
【解题思路】
1.快速阅读：了解文章的大致内容。注意文章中的生词和短语，以及段落的结构和逻辑关系。
2.细节阅读：仔细阅读题目，带着问题回到文章中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文章中的时间、地点、人物、事件等关键信息。
3.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
4.逻辑推理：根据文章中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
5.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。
2．健康
【考点介绍】
这类文章通常会提供一些关于健康的研究报道或健康知识的文章，例如介绍新型疫苗、饮食习惯与健康关系等，学生需要理解文章中的信息，并能够根据这些信息回答问题。
【解题思路】
1.快速阅读：了解文章的大致内容。注意文章中的生词和短语，以及段落的结构和逻辑关系。
2.细节阅读：仔细阅读题目，带着问题回到文章中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文章中的时间、地点、人物、事件等关键信息。
3.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
4.逻辑推理：根据文章中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
5.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。
3．自我认识
【考点介绍】
这类文章通常会提供一些关于自我认知、自我发展的文本，例如自传、散文或论著，学生需要理解文本中的信息，并能够根据这些信息回答问题。
【解题思路】
1.快速阅读：了解文章的大致内容，特别注意文章的开头和结尾部分，这些部分通常会提供关键信息。
2.细节阅读：仔细阅读题目，带着问题回到文本中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文本中的时间、地点、人物、事件等关键信息。
3.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
4.逻辑推理：根据文本中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
5.批判性思维：在分析问题和论述时，要运用批判性思维。要有理有据地分析问题，不轻信作者的观点，同时也要考虑其他可能的观点和因素。
6.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。
4．创新与创业
【考点介绍】
这类文章通常会涉及到一些经济、管理、科技等领域的背景知识和相关案例，并要求考生具备一定的阅读理解能力、词汇量、语法知识和分析能力。
【解题思路】
1.细节阅读：带着问题回到文本中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文章中的事实、数据和关键细节。
2.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
3.逻辑推理：根据文章中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
4.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。如果对某个答案有疑问，可以重新阅读相关段落，再次进行推理和分析。
5．公益事业与志愿服务
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"公益事业与志愿服务"类语篇主要涉及公益事业和志愿服务的相关话题，包括社会公益活动、志愿者服务、慈善捐赠、社区发展等。这类语篇考查学生对相关知识的了解和运用能力。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题。
2.寻找关键信息：包括相关的活动、服务、捐赠、社区发展等。
分析作者观点。
3.推敲细节。
4.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。如果对某个答案有疑问，可以重新阅读相关段落，再次进行推理和分析。
6．文学与艺术
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"文学与艺术"类语篇主要涉及文学、艺术和审美等方面的内容。这类语篇通常会以论述题、简答题、阅读理解题等形式出现，考查学生对文学和艺术基本概念、流派、作品以及艺术家的了解情况。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时应该抓住主题和重点，理解文章的核心观点和作者的思想感情。针对题目中的细节信息和文中的关键点，进行准确的分析和判断，掌握文章的主要内容和作者的意图。
2.论述题：对于论述题，首先应该明确题目要求，把握好论述的主题和方向。考生需要调动自己的知识储备，根据题目要求进行系统的论述。要注意逻辑性和连贯性，论点要明确，论据要充分，结论要合理。
3.简答题：对于简答题，应该简洁明了地回答问题。考生需要在短时间内用英语进行表达，因此答案要直接切题，明确要点，语言要简练。
4.语法选择：这类题目主要考查考生对语法规则和句型结构的掌握程度。考生需要熟练掌握英语语法，了解句子结构和常用的句型。在做题时要注意上下文的语境和逻辑关系，选择正确的语法形式。
5.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个文学或艺术话题写一篇文章。考生需要了解不同文学流派和艺术风格的特点和背景，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
7．传统习俗与文化
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"传统习俗与文化"类语篇主要涉及不同国家和地区的文化传统和习俗。这类语篇通常会以介绍、叙述、论述等形式出现，考查学生对文化传统和习俗的了解和表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到特定的文化传统和习俗。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及文化传统和习俗的特定词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个文化传统或习俗写一篇文章。考生需要了解不同国家和地区的文化传统和习俗，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
8．国际组织与社会公益机构
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"国际组织与社会公益机构"类语篇主要涉及国际组织、联合国、世界银行、国际红十字会等全球性组织以及社会公益机构的相关信息。这类语篇通常会以介绍、论述、新闻报道等形式出现，考查学生对国际事务和社会问题的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个国际组织或社会公益机构的职能、活动和国际合作。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及国际组织和社会公益机构的相关词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个国际组织或社会公益机构写一篇文章。考生需要了解该组织的性质、职能和活动，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
9．社会
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"社会"类文章主要涉及社会现象、社会问题、社会政策等方面。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、新闻报道等形式出现，考查学生对社会问题的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个社会现象或政策的解析和评价。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及社会的专业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个社会问题或现象写一篇文章。考生需要了解社会现象和社会政策的形成原因、影响等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
10．科技
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"科技"类文章主要涉及科学技术的发展、应用和影响等方面。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、科技报道等形式出现，考查学生对科技知识的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个科技概念或技术的阐述和解释。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及科技的专业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个科技话题写一篇文章。考生需要了解最新的科技动态、发展趋势和应用领域，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
11．科普知识
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"科普知识"类文章主要涉及科学领域中的各种知识。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、科普报告等形式出现，考查学生对科普知识的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个科学现象或理论的解释和阐述。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及科普知识的专业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个科普话题写一篇文章。考生需要了解科普知识中的基本概念、原理及其应用，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
12．旅游观光
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"旅游观光"类文章主要涉及旅游景点、旅游文化、旅游体验等方面。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、旅游报告等形式出现，考查学生对旅游文化的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个旅游景点或旅游文化的理解和分析。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及旅游的专业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个旅游景点或旅游文化写一篇文章。考生需要了解著名景点的历史背景、文化内涵和旅游体验等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
13．自然科学研究成果
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"自然科学研究成果"类文章主要涉及自然科学领域的研究项目、研究方法和研究成果等方面。这类文章通常会以论述题、科技论文摘要、研究报告等形式出现，考查学生对自然科学研究成果的理解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个自然科学研究成果的阐述和解释。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及自然科学的专业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个自然科学研究成果写一篇文章。考生需要了解最新的自然科学研究成果、研究方法和应用前景等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
14．环境保护
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"环境保护"类文章主要涉及环境问题、环境保护措施和环保意识等方面。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、环保报告等形式出现，考查学生对环境保护问题的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个环境问题的描述和解释。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及环境保护的专业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个环境保护问题写一篇文章。考生需要了解当前的环境问题、环境保护的重要性和措施等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
15．记叙文
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"记叙文"类文章主要涉及个人或他人的经历、事件、情感等方面，通常以第一人称或第三人称的角度进行叙述。这类文章可能包括故事、回忆录、游记、传记等不同形式，考查学生对语言表达和情感态度的理解能力。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题和关键信息：阅读时要注意文章中的时间、地点、人物和事件等关键信息，并理解作者的情感态度和主题。
2.理解文章结构：记叙文通常有时间顺序、因果关系等结构特点，注意把握文章中的转折、承接等逻辑关系。
3.注意细节：阅读时要注重细节描写，这些细节可能直接或间接地反映出作者的情感和态度，也可能构成文章的线索。
4.完形填空：在完形填空题中，要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意人物性格和情感的变化以及情节的推进。
5.写作：如果要求写作记叙文，要明确人称和时态，注意事件的起承转合和人物性格的刻画。同时，运用适当的修辞手法可以增强文章的表现力。
16．议论文
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"议论文"类文章主要涉及某个观点、论点、政策或现象的讨论和论证，通常包括引言、论点、论据和结论等部分。这类文章通常以第三人称的角度进行论述，要求考生对特定观点进行分析、评价和判断。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题和论点：理解作者的观点和立场。注意文章中的主题句和关键信息，这些通常出现在文章的开头或结尾。
2.分析论点和论据：论点是文章的核心观点，论据则是支持论点的证据和理由。注意分辨论点和论据的逻辑关系，判断论据是否充分、合理。
3.评估论证过程：注意论点和论据之间的关联是否合理、逻辑是否严密。检查论据是否真实、可靠，论证过程是否存在漏洞或偏见。
4.完形填空：要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意论点和论据之间的关联以及论证过程的逻辑关系。
5.写作：要明确论点和论据，合理安排论述结构。考生需要在论证过程中使用适当的逻辑推理和证据支持自己的观点，同时注意文章的连贯性和表达方式。
17．说明文
【考点介绍】
在英语中，"说明文"类文章通常涉及对某个特定主题或观点的详细阐述。这类文章通常具有明确的目的，旨在解释某个概念、过程或观点，帮助读者更好地理解和掌握。与议论文不同的是，说明文不涉及个人观点和立场，而是侧重于客观地阐述事实和信息。
【解题思路】
1.理解主题和目的：注意文章的标题和开头段落，这可以帮助你快速了解文章的主题和作者要阐述的内容。
2.抓住主要特点：例如事物或现象的主要特点、工作原理或操作步骤等。
3.分析文章结构：通常来说，说明文会按照以下结构展开：引言（Intrductin）、主体（Bdy）和结论（Cnclusin）。
4.细节阅读：注意文章中使用的实例、数据和插图等辅助材料。
5.完形填空：要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意选项之间的逻辑关系和语法搭配，同时要结合文章的主题和内容进行推理。
6.写作：要明确主题和目的，安排好文章结构。在写作过程中，使用适当的语言表达自己的观点和解释，同时要注意语言的准确性和逻辑性。可以使用实例、数据和图表等辅助材料来支持你的观点。
18．应用文
【考点介绍】
英语中的"应用文"类语篇通常包括书信、电子邮件、备忘录、报告、申请书、新闻报道等，这些语篇通常遵循一定的格式和惯例，主要目的是为了传达信息、提出建议或请求、提供服务等。与说明文不同的是，应用文更加注重读者需求和目的，强调信息的准确性和实用性。应用文类语篇的考点主要涉及写作目的和格式的掌握，语言表达能力和语法的准确性，以及提供充分的证据来支持所述内容等方面。包含以下内容：
1.书信：书信通常包括信头、日期、收件人地址、称呼、信文、结束语和签名等部分。考点通常涉及信文的写作目的、信件格式、礼貌用语、语言表达能力和语法。
2.电子邮件：电子邮件通常包括主题、收件人地址、称呼、正文、结尾和签名等部分。考点通常涉及电子邮件的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外，电子邮件通常使用简洁明了的语言，避免使用过于复杂或正式的语言。
3.备忘录：备忘录通常包括标题、收件人地址、称呼、正文、结尾和签名等部分。考点通常涉及备忘录的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。备忘录通常使用简洁明了的语言，避免使用过于复杂或正式的语言。
4.报告：报告通常包括标题、摘要、正文和结论等部分。考点通常涉及报告的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外，报告中通常需要使用数据和事实支持结论，并使用合适的图表和图片来清晰地呈现信息。
5.申请书：申请书通常包括标题、个人资料、申请理由、证明文件和签名等部分。考点通常涉及申请书的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外，申请书中需要提供充分的申请理由，并使用合适的证明文件来支持申请。
6.新闻报道：新闻报道通常包括标题、导语、主体和结尾等部分。考点通常涉及新闻报道的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外，新闻报道中需要提供准确的信息来源和事实，避免使用主观语言和情绪化表达。
【解题思路】
1.明确目的和读者：注意文章的标题、开头和结尾，这可以帮助你了解作者要传达的信息和读者需要知道的内容。
2.抓住关键信息：例如时间、地点、人物、事件、数据等。这些信息是构成文章主体的核心内容。
3.分析文章结构：通常来说，应用文会按照以下结构展开：引言（Intrductin）、主体（Bdy）和结论（Cnclusin）。
4.注意语言表达：应用文的用词和语气通常比较正式和客观。
5.完形填空：要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意选项之间的逻辑关系和语法搭配，同时要结合文章的目的和内容进行推理。
6.写作：要明确目的和读者对象，安排好文章结构。在写作过程中，使用适当的语言表达自己的观点和信息，同时要注意语言的准确性和逻辑性。可以使用表格、图表等辅助材料来支持你的观点。
19．新闻报道
【考点介绍】
在英语中，"新闻报道"类文章通常涉及对当前事件、活动或热点话题的报道。这类文章通常由新闻记者撰写，以客观、准确、及时的方式向读者传递信息。新闻报道通常包括标题、导语、主体和结尾等部分，其中标题通常概括了文章的主题或事件，导语则提供了文章的主要信息。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题和关键信息：注意阅读标题和导语，这可以帮助你快速了解文章所报道的事件或话题。
2.了解新闻结构：新闻报道通常包括标题、导语、主体和结尾等部分。在阅读时，要了解每个部分的作用和内容。
3.细节阅读：注意阅读主体部分中的时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等细节信息。
4.辨析事实与观点：要注意区分事实和观点，避免将自己的观点与作者的观点混淆。
5.完形填空：要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意选项之间的逻辑关系和语法搭配，同时要结合文章的主题和内容进行推理。
6.写作：要注意遵循新闻报道的结构和规范。在写作过程中，使用客观、准确的语言报道事实，避免使用主观性强的词汇和表达方式。同时，要确保文章的内容真实可靠，并遵循新闻伦理和职业道德。
20．细节理解
【考点介绍】
英语阅读中的"细节理解"考点主要考察考生对文章中特定细节的理解和把握能力。这类考点通常会以各种形式出现，例如直接细节题、间接细节题、细节转换题等。这类题目通常会涉及到文章中的一些具体事实、细节，如时间、地点、人物、事件、原因等。
【解题思路】
1.抓住关键词：首先，考生需要先明确题目中询问的具体内容，一般来说，题目中的"细节"一词通常会与时间、地点、人物、事件、原因等关键词一起出现。
2.精准定位：在找到关键词后，考生需要快速浏览文章，找到与题目中询问的内容相关的段落。注意，题目中的细节可能会出现在不同的段落中，因此考生需要仔细阅读每个段落，尤其是包含关键词的句子及其周围的句子。
3.理解细节内容：在找到相关段落后，考生需要仔细阅读该段落的每一句话，理解其具体含义。对于其中的时间、地点、人物、事件、原因等细节信息，考生需要特别注意。同时，考生还需要注意段落中的逻辑关系，这有助于理解细节信息的真正含义。
4.对比选项：一般来说，正确答案会在原文中直接给出或者根据原文中的细节信息进行推理得到。考生要注意选项中的细节是否与原文一致，尤其要注意那些在原文中被特别强调的信息。
5.排除干扰项：有些选项可能会给出与原文相似但不完全一致的信息，或者给出一些原文中没有提到的信息。考生要学会识别这些干扰项，从而排除它们，找到正确答案。

21．推理判断
【考点介绍】
推理判断题是英语阅读中的高级题型，它要求考生在理解文章的基础上，根据文章中的线索和提示，推断出作者未明确表述的观点或态度。推理判断题不仅要求考生对文章有深入的理解，还要求考生具备分析、推理和判断的能力。推理判断题通常会以两种形式出现：直接推理题和间接推理题。
【解题思路】
1.理解全文：首先，考生需要理解全文的大意和结构，了解作者的观点和态度。要特别注意那些表明作者观点或态度的关键词和语句，如形容词、副词、动词等。
2.抓住细节：要特别注意那些与文章主题相关的细节，如数据、事实、例子等。
3.分析推理：需要根据文章中的线索和提示，运用逻辑推理和分析判断的能力，推断出作者未明确表述的观点或态度。
4.比对选项：注意选项中是否与文章内容相符、是否符合逻辑、是否忠于原文。
5.排除干扰项：有些选项可能会偏离文章的主题或作者的意图，或者包含错误的信息，考生要学会排除这些干扰项，找到最符合文章内容和作者意图的选项。
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