2025年高考英语解密汇编压轴训练2（Word版附解析）

这是一份2025年高考英语解密汇编压轴训练2（Word版附解析），共108页。
The rice cker can be used by children aged frm 8 years and abve and persns with reduced physical，sensry r mental capabilities r lack f experience and knwledge if they have been supervised/instructed and understand the hazards invlved.Children shall nt play with the appliance.Cleaning and user care shall nt be dne by children unless they are lder than 8 and supervised.Keep the appliance and wire ut f reach f children under 8 years.
If the wire is damaged，it must be replaced by the manufacturer，its service agent，r smene similarly qualified，t avid hazard.
SERVICE
The prduct isn't user﹣serviceable.If it's nt wrking，read the instructins，check the plug fuse（保险丝） and main fuse.If it's still nt wrking，cnsult yur retailer（零售商）.
If that desn't slve the prblem – ring Custmer Service – they may be able t ffer technical advice.
If they advise yu t return the prduct t us，pack it carefully，include a nte with yur name，address，day phne number，and what's wrng.If under guarantee，say where and when purchased，and include prf f purchase.Send it t：
Custmer Service
Spectrum Brands （UK） Ltd
Fir Street，Failswrth，Manchester M35 OHS
email：[email protected]
telephne：0345 658 9700
Please nte：If yu have purchased the prduct within the last 6 mnths，please cntact the retailer first t deal with any matters relating t guarantee.
GUARANTEE
Faults affecting prduct functinality appearing within the guarantee perid will be crrected by replacement r repair at ur ptin prvided the prduct is used and maintained in accrdance with the instructins.Yur legal rights are nt affected.
Guarantee perid ＝ 2 years frm first retail purchase.
T claim an extra 1﹣year guarantee，register yur prduct nline within 28 days f purchase.
Register at：
Cnsumables are guaranteed nly fr their recmmended lifecycle.Replacements are excluded and are nly cvered by a 1﹣year guarantee.
（1）What can 9﹣year﹣lds d with the rice cker？
A.They can clean r repair it alne.
B.They can use it with prper instructin.
C.They can play with it as lng as it is nt in use.
D.They can supervise their yunger brthers wh use it.
（2）Jennifer bught a rice cker 10 mnths ag and nw there is smething wrng with it，what can she d？
A.Call her retailer t extend the guarantee perid.
B.Self﹣check the appliance befre asking fr help.
C.Email t [email protected] fr technical advice.
D.Return the cker with cntact &；purchasing infrmatin withut the recipe.
（3）Yu can replace a faulty rice cker in the third year frm yur purchase if .
A.it has been repaired by yur retailer r a service agent
B.the prduct functinality hasn't been affected seriusly
C.yu have registered the cker nline as sn as yu buy it
D.its cnsumables are guaranteed fr their recmmended lifecycle
2．（2024•黄浦区一模） Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman，wh tgether identified a slight chemical change t messenger RNA，were awarded the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine this year.
Dr.Karikó，the 13th wman t win the prize，had cme t the United States frm Hungary tw decades earlier when her research prgram there ran ut f mney.She was preccupied by mRNA，which prvides instructins t cells t make prteins. Defying the decades﹣ld belief that mRNA was clinically unusable，she hld the view that it wuld stimulate medical innvatins.
She and Dr.Weissman had their first chance meeting ver a cpy machine at the University f Pennsylvania in 1998.At the time，Dr.Weissman was desperate fr new appraches t a vaccine（疫苗） against ，which had lng prved impssible t defend against.A physician wh had tried and failed fr years t develp a treatment fr AIDS，he wndered if he and Dr.Karikó culd team up t make an
Fr years，they were at a lss.Mice vaccinated with mRNA became inactive.Cuntless experiments failed.They wandered dwn ne dead end after anther.But eventually，the scientists discvered that cells prtect their wn mRNA with a specific chemical mdificatin（修饰）.S they tried making the same change t mRNA manufactured in the lab befre vaccinating it int cells.It wrked.
At first，ther scientists were largely uninterested in taking up that new apprach t vaccinatin.But tw bitech cmpanies sn tk ntice：Mderna，in the United States，and BiNTech，in Germany.Then the crnavirus emerged.Almst instantly，Drs.Karikó and Weissman's wrk came tgether with several factrs f different research t put vaccine makers ahead f the game in develping sht.
Brian Fergusn，an immunlgist at the University f Cambridge，said. "The wrk f Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman in the years prir t 2020 prevented tens f millins f deaths and helped the wrld recver frm the wrst pandemic in a century.They richly deserve this recgnitin."
（1）The underlined wrd "defying" （paragraph 2）is clsest in meaning t " ".
A.challenging
B.cnfirming
C.re﹣emphasizing
D.stating
（2）Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE abut Dr.Karikó and Dr.Weissman's research？
A.They teamed up fr the treatment fr AIDS in Hungary.
B.They prtected their mRNA with a chemical mdificatin.
C.They persevered until they made a change t lab﹣made mRNA.
D.They manufactured mRNA in mice despite their cuntless failures.
（3）Accrding t Brian Fergusn，Dr.Karikó and Dr.Weissman deserve the recgnitin because .
A.they tk n ntice f thers' ignrance
B.they caught attentin f tw bitech cmpanies
C.their wrk helped avid the lss f cuntless lives
D.their wrk prevented the utbreak f the pandemic
（4）Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage？
A.Chemical Changes Identified in the Pandemic
B.Appraches Adpted t Defend Against H.I.V
C.Nbel Prize Awarded t Cvid Vaccine Pineers
D.mRNA Manufactured in a University Lab in USA
3．（2024•黄浦区一模） A grup f 41 states and the District f Clumbia began a legal case against Meta，the parent cmpany f Facebk，Instagram，WhatsApp and Messenger，insisting that the cmpany knwingly used features n its platfrms t cause children t veruse them.The accusatins in the lawsuit raise a deeper questin abut behavir：Are yung peple becming addicted t scial media and the internet？Here's what the research has fund.
David Greenfield，a psychlgist and funder f the Center fr Internet and Technlgy Addictin in West Hartfrd，Cnn.，said the devices tempt users with sme pwerful appraches.One is "intermittent reinfrcement，" which creates the idea that a user culd get a reward at any time.But when the reward cmes is unpredictable.Adults are easily influenced，he nted，but yung peple are particularly at risk，because the brain regins that are invlved in resisting temptatin and reward are nt nearly as develped in children and teenagers as in adults.Mrever，the adlescent brain is especially accustmed t scial cnnectins，and "scial media is all a perfect pprtunity t cnnect with ther peple."
Fr many years，the scientific cmmunity typically defined addictin in relatin t substances，such as drugs，and nt behavirs，such as gambling r internet use.That has gradually changed.In 2013，the Diagnstic and Statistical Manual f Mental Disrders，the fficial reference fr mental health cnditins，intrduced the idea f internet gaming addictin.
A subsequent study explred bradening the definitin t "internet addictin." The authr suggested further explring diagnstic criteria and the language，fr instance，nting that terms like "prblematic use" and even the wrd "internet" were pen t brad interpretatin，given the many frms the infrmatin and its delivery can take.
Dr.Michael Rich，the directr f the Digital Wellness Lab at Bstn Children's Hspital，said he discuraged the use f the wrd "addictin" because the internet，if used effectively and with limits，was nt merely useful but als essential t everyday life.
Greenfield agreed that there clearly are valuable uses fr the internet and that the definitin f hw much is t much can vary.But he said there als were bvius cases where immderate use disturbs schl，sleep and ther vital aspects f a healthy life.T many yung cnsumers "can't put it dwn，" he said. "The internet，including scial media like Meta，are the drugs affecting the mind."
（1）What was Meta accused f？
A.It added prblematic features t its platfrm.
B.It started a discussin t mislead yung peple.
C.It tempted children t use scial media t much.
D.It cnducted illegal research n its parent cmpany.
（2）Accrding t David Greenfield，users tend t be addicted t scial media and the internet due t .
A.their under﹣develped brain
B.the randm pattern f rewards
C.their desire t be scially cnnected
D.the pssibility f escaping frm reality
（3）What can be cncluded abut the study intrduced in Paragraph 4？
A.Addictin is smething abut behavirs instead f substances.
B.The nline language can be interpreted frm a brad perspective.
C.Current diagnstic criteria f "internet addictin" isn't satisfactry.
D.There shuld be an agreement n the definitin f the wrd "internet".
（4）Dr.Michael Rich and David Greenfield bth agree that .
A.prper use f the internet des gd t children
B.the internet is t blame fr disturbing healthy life
C.there are cases against immderate use f the internet
D.the wrd "addictin" is imprperly used n the internet
4．（2024•红桥区一模）Everyne lks frward t prgress，whether in ne's persnal life r in the general sciety.Prgress indicates a persn's ability t change the way he is living at the mment.Prgress must lead a better way f ding things.All these，hwever，remains true nly in s far as peple want t accept technlgy and mve frward by finding new and mre efficient ways f ding things.
Hwever，at the back f the minds f many peple，especially thse wh miss the "gd ld days"，efficiency cmes with a price.When cmmunicatin becmes efficient，peple are able t cntact ne anther n matter where they are and at whatever time they wish t.The click f a buttn allws peple miles apart t talk r t see each ther withut even leaving their hmes.With the cmmunicatin gadgets，such as mbile phnes and ipads，peple ften d nt take the effrt t visit ne anther persnally.A persnal visit carries with the additinal feature f having t be in the persn's presence fr as lng as the visit lasts.We cannt unnecessarily excuse urselves r turn the ther persn ff.
With efficiency als cmes mass prductin.Such is the nature f factries and the success f industrializatin tday.Factries have imprved efficiency.Unskillful tasks are left t machines and prducts are better made and prduced with greater accuracy than any human hand culd ever have dne.Hwever，with the imprvements in efficiency als cmes the lss f the persnal tuch when making these prducts.Fr example，many handcrafts are nw prduced in a factry.Althugh this means that supply is better able t increase demand，nw that the supply is quick and efficient，the demand might fall because mass prductin lwers the quality f the handicraft and it is difficult t find unique designs n each item.
Nevertheless，we must nt cmmit the mistake f analyzing prgress nly frm ne pint f view.In fact，prgress has allwed traditin t keep up.It is nly with prgress and the inventin f new technlgy that many ld prducts can be brught back t their ld state.New technlgy is required fr ld prducts t stay ld.
It is peple's attitude twards prgress that causes the type f influence that technlgy has n sciety.Technlgy is flexible.There is n fixed way f making use f it.Everything depends n peple's attitude.The wrst effects f prgress will fall n thse wh are unable t rethink their attitudes and views f sciety.When we accept prgress and adapt it t suit ur needs，a new "past" is created.
（1）Accrding t Paragraph 1，prgress can benefit peple when they are willing t .
A．live an advanced life
B．lk fr better technical methds
C．change ways f living at the mment
D．accept technlgy and advance steadily
（2）The authr explains " efficiency cmes with a price " by .
A．describing a prcess
B．using examples
C．fllwing time rder
D．making classificatin
（3）Cmpared with hme﹣ made handicrafts，machine made prducts .
A．lack great accuracy
B．lack the persnal tuch
C．are f high value
D．are quite welcme
（4）What can be learned abut technlgy frm Paragraph 4？
A．It can destry new traditins.
B．It can lead t scial prgress.
C．It can be used t crrect mistakes if necessary.
D．It can be used t preserve ld prducts.
（5）What can be cncluded frm the last paragraph？
A．Prgress can suit the needs f daily life.
B．Peple review the past with great regret.
C．Technlgy shuld be intrduced in a fixed way.
D．Peple's attitude decides the use f technlgy.
5．（2024•北辰区校级模拟）
Tp﹣Rated Attractins in Australia
The Glasshuse
It makes a great first stp in Prt Macquarie befre yu head ut t tur the twn.Wander int the building，and yu'll find the Glasshuse Visitr Infrmatin Centre，with details abut all the things t see and d in Prt Macquarie.Then yu can decide what yu'd like t see and d there.S this centre is strngly recmmended.After visiting the centre，yu can admire exhibitins in the art gallery.It als hsts pp cncerts and classical ballets.
Prt Macquarie Beaches
Prt Macquarie is famus fr varius great beaches.Twn Beach is fantastic fr surfing and has easy access t dwntwn shps.Lake Cathie Beach has slides and tramplines（蹦床），which have great appeal fr little kids.Shelly Beach is a great pick fr peple enjying gd scenery.And there is als dg﹣friendly Nbbys Beach.
The Kala Hspital
The Kala Hspital hlds sick and injured kalas and cnducts research int saving kala ppulatins.Wandering arund the recvery yards is a great way t see the kalas clearly.It'll be yur unfrgettable experience in Prt Macquarie.Entry t the Kala Hspital is free.But the dnatin is particularly expected，which will g directly back int helping the kalas.
Rt Huse
Next t the Kala Hspital，Rt Huse sits in a bushland setting and prvides a view f early life in Prt Macquarie.This beautifully restred late Victrian hme was nce the hme f Jhn Flynn，ne f Prt Macquarie's earliest settlers.And it's ne f the few remaining 19th﹣century wd hmes.All the rms are set up as they wuld have been.This character is thught highly f by peple.
（1）Why is the Glasshuse Visitr Infrmatin Centre recmmended？
A．It helps register visitrs' infrmatin.
B．It ffers visitrs exhibitins regularly.
C．It intrduces high﹣quality artistic perfrmances.
D．It gives visitrs a general idea abut travel arrangements.
（2）What can we learn abut Prt Macquarie Beaches？
A．They prvide turists with a sense f peace.
B．They cater t needs f different grups f peple.
C．They are equipped with plenty f play equipment.
D．They are t crwded fr families with little children.
（3）What are visitrs expected t d at the Kala Hspital？
A．T be active in supprting kalas financially.
B．T avid appraching the kalas.
C．T wrk as vlunteers there.
D．T adpt the injured kalas.
（4）What makes peple have a high pinin f Rt Huse？
A．Its unusual freign design.
B．Its cultural and histrical value.
C．Its rle in envirnmental prtectin.
D．Its cntributin t the Kala Hspital.
（5）Which f the fur places might be a tp chice fr wildlife cnservatinists？
A．Rt Huse.
B．The Glasshuse.
C．The Kala Hspital.
D．Prt Macquarie Beaches.
6．（2024•衡南县校级模拟） Peple with high levels f niacin，als knwn as vitamin B3，in their bld may be mre likely t have a heart attack r strke than thse with lwer levels.Excessive amunts f the vitamin，which is rutinely added t frtified fd and can be taken as a supplement，may inflame bld vessels.
Heart attacks and strke are leading causes f death wrldwide.While researchers have made significant strides ver the past few decades in discvering the risk factrs fr these cnditins，they haven't identified them all.
In an effrt t fill these gaps，Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohi and his clleagues cllected bld samples frm 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Eurpe wh had elected t underg cardivascular screenings.The team analysed the samples fr substances called metablites，byprducts f metablic prcesses such as digestin.The researchers then tracked incidents f cardiac events，such as heart attacks and strkes，amng the participants ver three years.
They fund that peple with elevated levels f a metablite called 4 PY，which nly arises when the bdy breaks dwn excess niacin，were arund 60 percent mre likely，n average，t experience such an event than thse with lwer levels.And it was fund in further experiment that 4 PY causes bld vessel inflammatin，a majr cntributr t the develpment f heart disease，in rdents.
It isn't uncmmn fr peple t have high niacin levels，Hazen says.This is partially due t certain fds，such as cereals and flurs，being rutinely frtified with the vitamin in cuntries that include the UK and the US.Niacin supplements are als increasingly ppular as evidence suggests they have anti﹣ageing benefits，says Hazen.Plus，it wasn't until recently that dctrs stpped prescribing high﹣dse niacin t peple at risk f cardivascular disease，as it was initially thught the vitamin prtected peple frm these cnditins by lwering chlesterl.
"I think this study really shws that smetimes，when it cmes t vitamins，yu can have t much f a gd thing，" says Jenny Jia at Nrthwestern University in Chicag，Illinis.Hwever，this research was mainly cnducted in peple f Eurpean ancestry.It is therefre unclear if similar results wuld ccur in peple f different racial r ethnic backgrunds，says Jia.
（1）What is presented in paragraph 3？
A．Theretical mdels.
B．Research prcedures.
C．Practical examples.
D．Histrical findings.
（2）What des the underlined phrase "such an event" in paragraph 4 refer t？
A．Increased 4 PY.
B．Extra niacin.
C．Bld vessel inflammatin.
D．Cardivascular diseases.
（3）What might nt be the reasn fr peple t have high niacin levels？
A．Having niacin supplement is fashinable.
B．Fd with niacin can rapid aging.
C．Certain vitamins are added t fds.
D．Niacin was prescribed t peple.
（4）What attitude might Jia have t the study？
A．Neutral.
B．Supprtive.
C．Indifferent.
D．Dubtful.
7．（2024•深圳模拟） What is a GPA？
A GPA，r Grade Pint Average，typically ranging frm ne t fur，is a number reflecting yur curse perfrmance n average.It's used by universities t determine whether students meet academic standards and by students t enhance jb prspects r secure admissin int pst﹣graduate prgrams.
Hw t calculate a GPA？
●Determine the letter grade and the number f credit hurs fr each curse yu take in a term；
●Translate the letter grade t grade pint s using yur schl's grading system；
●Multiply the grade pints by the credit hurs fr that curse；
● Add up all the credit hurs fr the curses；
●Divide the ttal number f grade pints by the ttal credit hurs and yu get the GPA.
What are the cnsequences f failing cllege curses？
●Every failing grade （F） significantly impacts yur GPA fr that academic year，limiting clubs，rganizatins and prgram chices，as cmpetitive prgrams require tp GPAs.
●Mst financial aid prgrams require a specific GPA.A sharp drp in GPA due t several curse failures may lead t withdrawal frm financial aid prgrams，unless yu retake the curses and pass.
●Fr cllege athletes n sprts schlarships，failing curses repeatedly can lead t lsing schlarships and team spts.
●Failing multiple curses can result in schl remval and affect future applicatins.
（1）Where is this text prbably taken frm？
A.An academic curse guide.
B.A campus jb fair pster.
C.A graduate applicatin frm.
D.An athletic team schedule.
（2）What is Jane Smith's GPA this term？

（3）What wuld be a result if yu get ne F in cllege？
A.Schl remval.
B.Lss f financial aid.
C.Chice limitatin.
D.Disqualificatin in sprts.
8．（2024•嘉兴一模） Have yu ever frgtten items when trying t recall a shpping list？Or dialled the wrng phne number when attempting t memrise ne？The brain mechanisms （机制） that cause us t draw a blank in such situatins have nw been identified.
Our wrking memry keeps small pieces f infrmatin that are readily accessible fr planning，understanding and slving prblems.But it will have "swap errrs".Fr example，if we are shwn a red square and a blue circle，and are then asked what clur the circle was，we might say red.
T understand why we make such errrs，Jeff Jhnstn at Clumbia University and his clleagues recrded the brain activity f tw mnkeys because a mnkey's wrking memry is very similar t humans'.
The mnkeys were shwn tw differently clured squares，ne abve the ther，fr half a secnd.After a shrt delay，a black spt appeared in the same lcatin as ne f the squares，and then disappeared.The animals were trained t tell the clur f the square they were suppsed t be remembering based n the lcatin f the spt，by staring at the matching clur n a rtatable （可旋转的） wheel.When ding this fr abut 3 hurs ver multiple sessins，the mnkeys perfrmed the task crrectly between 60 and 82 percent f the time，but ccasinally made swap errrs.
The research suggests that the brain respnses linked t swap errrs emerged befre the animals decided which clur t reprt.They appeared t arise during "selectin" when certain items stred in wrking memry are enhanced at the expense f thers，rather than ccurring as a result f them frgetting r a failure t crrectly encde （编码） items in their wrking memry.
"Everyne assumed there were simpler explanatins like failure t encde r frgetting，but this very cl study shws that wrking memry errrs cme frm a previusly unknwn surce，" says Earl Miller at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy.The team is planning further experiments t gain a better understanding f mechanisms behind swap errrs.
（1）What is the functin f wrking memry？
A．T identify the errrs in understanding.
B．T reduce the ccurrence f mind blanking.
C．T develp the way f distinguishing clurs.
D．T stre infrmatin ready fr mental use.
（2）What were the mnkeys tasked with in the research？
A．Crrecting their errrs ver multiple sessins.
B．Playing a matching game n a rtatable wheel.
C．Reprting the clur f the square t memrize.
D．Figuring ut the exact psitin f the black spt.
（3）What des the research suggest abut swap errrs？
A．They are unusual brain respnses.
B．They shw a tendency fr frgetfulness.
C．They have an effect n wrking memry.
D．They are the utcme f memry selectin.
（4）What is Earl Miller's attitude twards the research findings？
A．Unclear.
B．Appreciative.
C．Objective.
D．Negative.
9．（2024•河南模拟） Parrts are prey animals，which means that ther predatrs （捕食者） in the wild，such as hawks r snakes，are lking t make them int a meal.This ne factr influences parrts' behavir in yur huse mre than any ther.
Parrts are mst easily hurt when feeding n the grund.Membership in a grup plays an imprtant functin in ensuring their safety and imprving their chances f survival frm attacks by predatrs.The mst cmmn predatrs f parrts include hawks，snakes，cats，mnkeys，and bats.Sme predatrs make attacks nly during the day while thers hunt in the night.
As prey animals，parrts are cnstantly watching ut fr danger and they instinctively （本能地） react t risks.Their first chice is t take flight.Hwever，if this is nt pssible，they will fight with their pwerful beaks t defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk，parrts are especially reactive t quick mvements frm abve and behind.Fr this reasn，it is wise t avid quick，sudden mvements near yur bird.This is a built﹣in reactin nt subject t lgic r reasn.Simple and relatively harmless husehld bjects can draw extreme fear respnses frm a bird.Fr example，a balln may represent a hawk r a vacuum hse （吸尘器软管） may be the same as a snake in yur bird's mind.
As prey animals，parrts are ften frightened by expsure t new husehld items r strangers.It is imprtant t expse yur bird t safe experiences and changes starting at a very yung age t build flexibility and imprve their adaptability.Variety in diet and tys，travel，and expsure t new peple and places all help t make yur bird mre flexible and adaptable t change.
（1）What is imprtant fr parrts t better survive frm attacks in the wild？
A．Living in a grup.
B．Grwing beautiful feathers.
C．Feeding n the grund.
D．Aviding cming ut at night.
（2）What is parrts' first respnse t an immediate risk？
A．T attack back.
B．T get away.
C．T prtect the yung.
D．T play dead.
（3）Why wuld a balln frighten a parrt？
A．It may explde suddenly.
B．It may be in a strange shape.
C．It may have a strng clr.
D．It may mve arund quickly.
（4）What is the authr's purpse f writing the text？
A．T explain wild parrts' behavir.
B．T give advice n raising a parrt.
C．T call fr actin t prtect animals.
D．T intrduce a study n bird eclgy.
10．（2024•葫芦岛一模）A rising star frm Virginia has secured the title f "America's Tp Yung Scientist" fr his grundbreaking creatin﹣a bar f sap designed t battle against skin cancer.At just 14 years ld，Heman Bekele emerged as the victr f the 2023 Yung Scientist Challenge，standing ut amng the ten finalists with his innvative creatin knwn as the Skin Cancer Treating Sap （SCTS）.
Bekele's brilliant cncept centers n the develpment f a sap that is nt nly affrdable，but als has the ptential t reactivate the bdy's natural defenders f the skin t stp skin cancer.In Bekele's wn wrds， "Curing cancer，ne bar f sap at a time. "He always has endless passin fr bilgy and technlgy，and the Yung Scientist Challenge just prvided him with the perfect platfrm t display his ideas.Reflecting n his inspiratin，Bekele shared that his childhd played a significant rle in shaping his innvative thinking.Having witnessed peple wrk tirelessly under the sun，he culdn't help but wnder hw many were aware f the risks assciated with cnstant sun expsure.
"I wanted t make my idea nt nly scientifically exceptinal but als accessible t a brad audience， " Bekele expressed during an interview with the media.He received invaluable guidance frm Debrah Isabelle，a prduct engineering specialist，wh cnnected him with ther scientists t aid him in reaching his ambitius plans.
During his presentatin，Bekele passinately expressed his visin f turning the sap int "a symbl f hpe，accessibility，and a wrld where skin cancer treatment is within reach fr all."
Over the cming five years，Bekele lngs t perfect his inventin and establish a nnprfit rganizatin devted t distributing his innvative creatin t mre places including undevelped cmmunities，ffering hpe and a practical slutin in the fight against skin cancer.
（1）What made Bekele an instant hit？
A.Starting a sap fashin.
B.Overcming skin cancer.
C.Being the yungest scientist.
D.Creating a sap against skin cancer.
（2）What inspired Bekele t invent SCTS？
A.His cncern fr thers.
B.His adventure in childhd.
C.His enthusiasm fr technlgy.
D.His interest in medical knwledge.
（3）What will Bekele d in the near future？
A.Obtain fficial apprval.
B.Visit undevelped areas.
C.Increase the availability f the sap.
D.Update the facilities f prductin.
（4）Which f the fllwing can best describe Bekele？
A.Inspiring and mdest.
B.Humrus and psitive.
C.Creative and cnsiderate.
D.Curius and independent.
11．（2024•邢台二模） There's a useful cncept frm psychlgy that helps explain why gd peple d things that harm the envirnment：the false cnsensus effect.That's where we vervalue hw acceptable and prevalent （普遍的） ur wn behavir is in sciety.Put simply，if yu're ding smething （even if yu secretly knw yu prbably shuldn't），yu're mre likely t think plenty f ther peple d it t.What's mre，yu likely verestimate hw much ther peple think that behavir is bradly OK.
This bias （偏见） allws peple t justify scially unacceptable r illegal behavirs.Researchers have bserved the false cnsensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting.Mre recently，cnservatinists are beginning t reveal hw this effect cntributes t envirnmental damage.
In Australia，peple wh admitted t paching thught it was much mre prevalent in sciety than it really was，and had higher estimates than fishers wh beyed the law.They als believed thers viewed paching as scially acceptable；hwever，in reality，mre than 90% f fishers held the ppsite view.The false cnsensus effect has als shwn up in studies examining supprt fr nuclear energy and ffshre wind farms.
Just as cncepts frm psychlgy can help explain sme frms f envirnmental damage，s t can they help address it.Fr example，research shws peple are mre likely t litter in areas where there's already a lt f trash scattered arund；s making sure the grund arund a bin is nt cvered in rubbish may help.
Factual infrmatin n hw ther peple think and behave can be very pwerful.Energy cmpanies have substantially reduced energy cnsumptin simply by shwing peple hw their electricity use cmpares t their neighbrs.Encuragingly，stimulating peple's natural desire fr status has als been successful in getting peple t "g green t be seen"，r t publicly buy ec﹣friendly prducts.
As the research evidence shws，scial nrms can be a pwerful frce in encuraging and ppularizing envirnmentally friendly behavirs.Perhaps yu can d yur bit by sharing this article!
（1）Which example best illustrates the false cnsensus effect？
A．A student spends lng hurs surfing the Internet.
B．A blgger assumes many peple dislike his psts.
C．A driver frequently parks illegally in public places.
D．A smker believes peple generally apprve f smking.
（2）Hw did mst Australian fishers view the issue f paching？
A．It is unacceptable.
B．It is widespread.
C．It is cntrversial.
D．It is cmplex.
（3）What d the underlined wrds "g green t be seen" in paragraph 5 mean？
A．Embrace green habits fr better health.
B．Make green chices that thers can perceive.
C．Jin green mvements fr persnal fulfillment.
D．Chse green items that are easy t spt in stres.
（4）What is a recmmended apprach t addressing envirnmental prblems？
A．Dwnplay scial nrms.
B．Highlight persnal respnsibilities.
C．Publicize sustainable practices.
D．Encurage technlgical innvatins.
12．（2024•仁寿县校级二模） In 1945，tw sculptures meant t represent the average man called Nrman and wman called Nrma in the United States went n exhibit at the American Museum f Natural Histry.
That same year，a cntest was launched t find a living representatin f Nrma.Nrmal is ften used t mean "typical"， "expected"，r even "crrect".By that lgic，mst peple shuld fit the descriptin f nrmal.And yet，nt ne f almst 4，000 wmen wh participated in the cntest matched Nrma，the suppsedly "nrmal" wman.
This puzzle isn't unique t Nrma and Nrman，either — time and time again，s﹣called nrmal descriptins f ur bdies，minds，and perceptins have turned ut t match almst n ne.S what des nrmal actually mean — and shuld we be relying n it s much？
In statistics，a nrmal distributin describes a set f values that fall alng a bell curve （曲线）.The average，r mean，f all the values is at the very center，and mst ther values fall within the hump （驼峰） f the bell.Nrmal desn't describe a single data pint，but a pattern f diversity.Many human traits，like height，fllw a nrmal distributin.Sme peple are very tall r very shrt，but mst peple fall clse t the verall average.Outside f statistics，nrmal ften refers t an average like the single number pulled frm the fattest part f the bell curve that excludes all the nuances f the nrmal distributin.Nrma and Nrman's prprtins （比例） came frm such averages.
Applied t individuals，whether smene is cnsidered nrmal usually depends n hw clsely they get t this average.At best，such definitins f nrmal fail t capture variatin.When limited r inaccurate definitins f nrmal are used t make decisins that impact peple's lives，they can d real harm.There were examples in histry.
T this day，peple are ften targeted and discriminated against n the basis f disabilities，mental health issues，and ther features cnsidered "nt nrmal".But the reality is that the differences in ur bdies，minds，perceptins，and ideas abut the wrld arund us — in shrt，diversity — is the true nrmal.
（1）What can we learn abut Nrman and Nrma？
A．N participant fitted the descriptin f them in the cntest.
B．They were n display as sn as they were cmpleted in 1945.
C．They were bth named by the American Museum f Natural Histry.
D．Peple viewed them as typical and crrect representatins f humans.
（2）Hw des nrmal in statistics differ frm nrmal utside f statistics？
A．The frmer and the latter fall at ttally different pints f the bell curve.
B．The frmer and the latter accunt fr different puzzles in ur daily life.
C．The latter is a single number whereas the frmer shws a pattern f diversity.
D．The latter ften indicates the distributin f a set f values but the frmer desn't.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "nuances" in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean？
A．Pssibilities.
B．Examples.
C．Meanings.
D．Differences.
（4）What is the best title f the passage？
A．What Is Real Nrmal？
B．When Are Humans Nrmal？
C．Hw Des Nrmal Cause Harm？
D．Why Shuldn't We Rely n Nrmal？
13．（2024•仁寿县校级二模） A new study says that n matter hw much the wrld cuts back n carbn emissins，a large and imprtant part f Antarctica is expected t disappear.
The study fcused n the melting f prtective ice arund Antarctica's Amundsen Sea in western Antarctica.They said the "unavidable" melting will take hundreds f years，resulting in a rise f nearly 1.8 meters in sea levels.This melting will have a prfund impact n where and hw peple live in the future.The study，published in Nature Climate Change，warns that even if future warming was limited t just a few tenths f a degree mre，it wuld have "limited pwer t prevent cean warming that culd lead t the cllapse f the West Antarctic Ice Sheet."
The lead writer f the study，Kaitlin Naughten，explains that the research indicates that the Earth is n a path twards rapid cean warming and ice shelf melting ver the cming century.While past studies have talked abut hw serius the situatin is，Naughten was the first t use cmputer mdeling t study hw warm water frm belw will melt the ice.The study lked at fur different cases in hw much carbn emissins the wrld prduces.In each case，cean warming was just t much fr this area f the ice t survive.It als lked at what wuld happen if future warming was limited t 1.5 degrees Celsius ver mid﹣19th century levels：the internatinal gal.They fund the runaway melting prcess in this case as well.
The study primarily fcuses n the part f the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that is mst at risk f melting near the Amundsen Sea，including the Thwaites ice shelf，ften referred t as the "Dmsday Glacier".Accrding t Eric Rignt，an ice scientist at the University f Califrnia Irvine，this area is already "dmed" （注定的） due t the rapid melting that has ccurred.Naughten des nt like t use the wrd "dmed"，because she said 100 years frm nw，the wrld might nt just stp but drive back carbn levels in the air and climate change.But she said what is happening nw n the grund is a slw cllapse that cannt be stpped，at least nt in this century.
（1）Accrding t the study，what will be the cnsequence f the "unavidable" melting f ice？
A．A fast cllapse f the West Antarctica.
B．A rise in sea levels t at least 1.8 meters.
C．A change f peple's living places and life.
D．A significant reductin in carbn emissins.
（2）What is special abut Naughten's research？
A．Explaining why the Earth is n a path twards rapid cean warming.
B．Adpting cmputer mdeling t study the pssibility f ice survival.
C．Finding the runaway melting prcess in the furth case f cean warming.
D．Cmparing fur cases in hw much carbn emissins the wrld prduces.
（3）What wuld Naughten mst prbably agree with？
A．Ice shelf melting is unstppable at least in the century.
B．The wrd "dmed" accurately describes the situatin.
C．Carbn levels will never reach the internatinal gal.
D．Past studied didn't shw hw serius the situatin is.
（4）What is the purpse f the text？
A．T explain the impact f carbn emissins n Antarctica.
B．T share the findings f a new study n Antarctic ice melting.
C．T analyze the ptential cnsequences f rapid cean warming.
D．T call fr immediate actin t prevent the Antarctic ice melting.
14．（2024•襄城区校级模拟） I used t believe that nly wrds culd catch the essence f the human sul.The literary wrks cntained such distinct stries that they shaped the way we saw the wrld.Wrds were what cmpsed the questins we sught t uncver and the answers t thse questins themselves.Wrds were everything.
That belief changed.
In an rdinary math class，my teacher psed a simple questin：What's 0.99 runded t the nearest whle number？Easy.When runded t the nearest whle number，0.99＝1.Smehw，I thught even thugh 0.99 is nly 0.01 away frm 1，there's still a 0.01 difference.That means even if tw things are nly a little different，they are still different，s desn't that make them cmpletely different？
My teacher answered my questin by presenting anther equatin（等式）：1＝0.9，which culd als be expressed as 1＝ itself withut ever ending.
There was smething mysterius but fascinating abut the equatin.The left side was unchangeable，bjective：it cntained a number that ended.On the right was smething endless，a number repeating itself limitless times.Yet，smehw，these tw ppsed things were cnnected by an equal sign.
Lying in bed，I thught abut hw much the equatin paralleled ur existence.The left side f the equatin represents that smetimes life itself is s unchangeable and s clear.The cncrete，whle number f the day when yu were brn and the day when yu wuld die.But then there is that gap in between life and death.The right side means a time and space full f limitless pssibilities，and endless pprtunities int the pen future.
S that's what life is.Objective but imaginative.Unchangeable but limitless.Life is an equatin with tw sides that balances itself ut.Still，we can't ever truly seem t put the perfect wrds t it.S pssibly numbers can express ideas as equally well as wrds can.Fr nw，let's leave it at that：1 ＝ live a life like it.
（1）What des the authr emphasize abut wrds in paragraph 1？
A.Their wide variety.
B.Their literary rigins.
C.Their distinct sunds.
D.Their expressive pwer.
（2）What made the authr find the equatin fascinating？
A.The repetitin f a number.
B.The way tw different numbers are equal.
C.The questin the teacher raised.
D.The difference between the tw numbers.
（3）Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "paralleled" in paragraph 6？
A.Measured.
B.Cmpsed.
C.Mirrred.
D.Influenced.
（4）What is a suitable title fr the text？
A.The Perfect Equatin
B.Numbers Build Equatins
C.An Attractive Questin
D.Wrds Outperfrm Numbers
15．（2024•东莞市三模） One Saturday in December，Annacarin Elf，the head f peratins at Gthenburg City Library，just happened t walk by her wrkplace.Nticing that the dr was pen，she entered the library，and was astnished t see the heartwarming scene that peple were using it like n a regular day.
It was scheduled t be clsed fr the New Year hliday.The peple in the library behaved as usual.Many were siting reading newspapers，sme families were in the children's sectin and thers were searching fr bks n the cmputer.
It seemed that Elf's clleagues had simply frgtten t lck the dr，and because this ppular library is usually pen n Saturdays.visitrs just assumed they culd walk in.Elf called t check with her staff team，befre annuncing t the peple present that the library was abut t clse.Then she expressed her regret fr what had been dne wrng and caused them a prblem.It later turns ut that 446 lcals visited the city library brrwing a ttal f 246 bks during the day.What's remarkable is that peple checked ut their bks thrugh the library's electrnic self﹣service system，and that t date，all the bks have been returned!
Many Swedes have reacted psitively t this uplifting demnstratin f lcal respect fr the library，center that can be seen as a sign f the cmmunity，and what the lcals did has strengthened their sense belnging in their cmmunity.
Elf says，"Nthing was destryed.It's amazing that Gthenburgers entered an empty library and treated s lvingly."The city leader has even suggested that this unusual Saturday serve as an accidental experimen t analyse the pssibility f perating a ttally autmated library withut staff.
（1）Why did Elf teel surprised after entering the library？
A.The library staff were in it.
B.Peple kept teaing n hlidays.
C.Peple came in withut permissin.
D.It was used thugh suppsed t be clsed.
（2）What did Elf d that Saturday？
A.She left the library pen.
B.She asked the staff back.
C.She aplgized t the visitrs.
D.She read bks in the library.
（3）What d many Swedes think f the behavir f Gthenburg lcals？
A.It displays cmmunity spirit.
B.It gives the library much uplift.
C.It is a psitive reactin t sciety.
D.It strengthens trust between peple.
（4）What des the authr want t cnvey thrugh the stry？
A.Peple tend t shw care fr thers.
B.Life is always full f the unexpected.
C.Libraries can be autmated smetimes.
D.A library can bring ut the best in peple.
16．（2024•吉州区校级三模） My name is Alice.Early last year，I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled （削弱） my ability t d anything.I felt like a strm clud hung ver me.Fr almst a year I struggled n，cnstantly staring at this wall that faced me.My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this：I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did，which bviusly in life is nt pssible，but it cnsumed me.
One day，I attended a presentatin （报告） by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl.His presentatin nt nly awed （使惊叹） and inspired me，but als helped create an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld.I jined a pre﹣presentatin dinner with him and that smaller setting allwed me t slwly build up my curage t speak ne﹣n﹣ne with him—an idea that had seemed impssible.This cntact was where my stry began.
A mnth later，Brwn invited me t attend the Wrld Yuth Wildlife Cnference.Lking back，I nw see that this wuld be the first in a series f timely pprtunities that my ld self wuld have let pass，but that this new and mre cnfident Alice enthusiastically seized.Shrtly after I received his invitatin，applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl.I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins，and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature.Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.
I am writing this just six mnths since my jurney began and I've realized that my biggest bstacle （障碍） this whle time was myself.It was that vice in the back f my head telling me that ne phrase that has stpped s many peple frm reaching their ptential：I can't.They say gd things cme t thse wh wait；I say：grab every pprtunity with everything yu have and be impatient.After all，nature des nt require ur patience，but ur actin.
（1）What was the main cause fr Alice's anxiety？
A．Her desire t be perfect.
B．Her habit f cnsumptin.
C．Her inability t act her age.
D．Her lack f inspiratin.
（2）Hw did Grant Brwn's presentatin influence Alice？
A．She learned abut the harm f desire.
B．She tasted the sweetness f friendship.
C．She decided t d smething fr nature.
D．She built up her curage t speak up.
（3）Which f the fllwing is the best descriptin f Alice's situatin after the activities？
A．intelligent
B．independent
C．innvative
D．cnfident
（4）What can we learn frm this passage？
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Patience is a cure f anxiety.
C．Actin is wrry's wrst enemy.
D．Everything cmes t thse wh wait.
17．（2024•铜川二模） Frm the wrld's last seven t a glbal ppulatin f mre than 5，000，China spent nearly 40 years bringing back crested ibises（朱鹗）frm the edge f extinctin.
With its typical red crest and face，as well as a lng black muth and snw﹣white feathers，the crested ibis is knwn as "the riental gem" in China.They were nce widespread in East Asia and Siberia until the 20th century when hunting，eclgical damage and increased human activities drve the birds t near extinctin.
In 1981，the entire species arund the wrld was dwn t the seven crested ibises which were fund nly in Yangxian Cunty，nrthwest China's Shaanxi Prvince，and deep in the Qinling Muntains，making Qinling，a natural bundary between China's nrth and suth，the last shelter f the wild birds.
Since 1981，the lcal gvernment f Yangxian Cunty has put frward fur bans fr the prtectin f the species，prhibiting activities including hunting in the birds' living areas，cutting dwn trees where they nest，using chemicals in their fd﹣finding areas，and firing guns in their breeding（繁殖）areas.The Chinese gvernment arranged special funds t prtect the habitat f crested ibises，sealing ff muntains t plant trees in the birds' living areas.China started the artificial breeding f crested ibises in 1991 and had bred mre than 400 birds in Shaanxi as f last year.
Years f cnstant effrt have brught prmising results.It is estimated that there are mre than 5，000 crested ibises in the wrld nw，and a majrity f them live in Shaanxi.The bird's habitat in China has risen frm less than 5 square km in 1981 t the current 15，000 square km.
"It is lucky that the crested ibis，an ancient bird，is still flying arund，" said Zan Linsen，head f the Shaanxi Academy f Frestry. "The cnservatin stry f crested ibises nt nly shws us the pwer f ancient life，but als the necessity and urgency f eclgical envirnment prtectin."
（1）Why are the Qinling Muntains s imprtant t crested ibises？
A．They are where crested ibises were first fund.
B．They used t be the last habitat f crested ibises.
C．They are the nly breeding area f crested ibises.
D．They prtect crested ibises frm natural enemies.
（2）What can we cnclude frm paragraph 4？
A．Crested ibises are unlikely t be bred artificially.
B．It's legal t wn hunting guns in Yangxian Cunty.
C．Hunting has been the biggest threat t crested ibises.
D．The gvernment plays a key rle in saving crested ibises.
（3）Hw des Zan Linsen feel abut the cnservatin f crested ibises？
A．Merciful and ambitius.
B．Relieved and happy.
C．Shcked and curius.
D．Srry and regretful.
（4）What is a suitable title fr the text？
A．Rare animals in China：crested ibises
B．Artificial breeding f crested ibises in China
C．Endangered crested ibises making a cmeback
D．Crested ibises fund again in the Qinling Muntains
18．（2024•河北三模） At my first lessn in Chinese calligraphy，my teacher tld me plainly："Nw I will teach yu hw t write yur name.And t make it beautiful."I felt my breath catch.I was curius.
Grwing up in Singapre，I had an unusual relatinship with my Chinese name.My parents are ethnically Chinese，s they asked frtune tellers t decide my name，aiming fr maximum luck.As a result，I ended up with a nnsense and embarrassing name：Chen Yiwen，meaning，rughly，"ld"，"barley（惹米）"and "warm".
When I arrived in America fr cllege at 18，I put n an American accent and abandned my Chinese name.When I mved t Hng Kng in 2021，after 14 years in the States，I decided t learn calligraphy.Why nt get back in tuch with my heritage？I thught.
In calligraphy，the idea is t cpy the ld masters' techniques，thereby refining yur wn.Every week，thugh，my teacher wuld give uncmfrtably n﹣the﹣nse assessments f my persn."Yu need t be braver，"he nce bserved."Have cnfidence.Try t prduce a bld strke（笔画）."Fr years，I had prided myself n presenting an image f cnfidence，but my writing betrayed me.
I was trying t make sense f this practice.Yu must visualize the wrd as it is t be written and leave a trace f yurself in it.As a bdily practice，calligraphy culd g beynd its wn cultural restrictins.Culd it help me g beynd mine？My teacher nce said t me，"When yu lk at the wrd，yu see the bdy.Thugh a wrd n the page is tw﹣dimensinal，it cntains multitudes，cnveying the frce yu've applied，the energy f yur grip，the arch f yur spine."I had been learning calligraphy t get in tuch with my cultural rts，but what I was really seeking was a return t myself.Nw I have sensed that the pleasure ut f calligraphy allws me t knw myself mre fully.
During a recent lessn，my teacher pinted at the wrd I had just finished，telling me："This wrd is much better.I can see the chices yu made，yur calculatins，yur flw.Trust yurself.This wrd is yurs."He might as well have said，"This wrd is yu."
（1）What did the authr initially think f her name"Chen Yiwen"？
A.It was lucky s she gladly accepted it.
B.She felt prud f its symblic meaning.
C.She understd the intentin but still disliked it.
D.Its strange prnunciatin made her embarrassed.
（2）The authr decided t learn calligraphy t .
A.pick up a new hbby
B.recnnect with her rigin
C.gain insights int a new culture
D.fit in with lcal cmmunity
（3）Frm the teacher's wrds，the authr learns that calligraphy .
A.reflects the creatr's spirits
B.cmes frm creative energy
C.highlights the design f strkes
D.depends n cntinuus practice
（4）What des the authr intend t tell us？
A.Appreciate what ur culture ffers.
B.Find beauty frm yur inner self.
C.A great teacher leads yu t truth.
D.We are the sum f what we create.
19．（2024•河北三模）
Wrld Fd Day Pster Cntest
If yu're aged between 5 and 19 and wherever yu live，the Fd and Agriculture Organizatin （FAO） f the United Natins wants t hear frm yu!Use yur imaginatin and create a pster shwing a wrld where n ne is left behind and everyne has access t healthy and affrdable fd.
Rules：
●The registratin perid will end at 12：00 n Friday，Nvember 3.
●The cntest is divided int the fllwing categries：frm 5 t 8 years ld，frm 9 t 12 years ld，frm 13 t 15 years ld and frm 16 t 19 years ld.
●Participants wh submit mre than ne pster will be disqualified.
●All artwrks must be riginal.And psters have t be drawn r painted with pens r clred pencils r be designed digitally.
●Psters may r may nt include the text.If the text is used，n mre than 25 wrds will be accepted，Dn't include names，schl names，age，cntact infrmatin r phtgraphic pictures f the cmpetitrs，etc.
●Psters can nly be sent using the registratin frm prvided fr this purpse.All fields f the entry frm must be cmpleted and nce the pster design has been upladed，the SUBMIT buttn must be clicked.
●Only digital files in JPEG frmat will be accepted.
Prize：
●The selectin cmmittee will chse 15 psters in each categry fr the shrtlist （决选名单） and infrm them in December.Shrtlisted candidates will receive a certificate fr this achievement.
●A jury （评委会） will chse three winning psters frm each categry，and these winning psters will be annunced n the Wrld Fd Day website.
●Winners will be prmted n FAO scial media and will als receive a certificate f recgnitin and a surprise gift bag.
（1）What is a requirement fr the participants？
A．They must present nly ne pster.
B．They must design their psters digitally.
C．They must uplad their psters n Nv.3.
D．They must prvide their persnal infrmatin.
（2）Hw many psters will be chsen fr the shrtlist in all？
A．15.
B．30.
C．45.
D．60.
（3）What will happen t the winners？
A．They will becme members f FAO.
B．They will be intrduced n FAO media.
C．They will receive a lt f mney.
D．They will get many bags full f psters.
20．（2024•涪陵区校级模拟） Fr decades，scientists thught f the brain as the mst valuable and cnsequently mst clsely guarded part f the bdy.Lcked safely behind the bld﹣brain barrier，it was bradly free f the harm f viruses and the battles started by the immune system（免疫系统）.Then，abut 20 years ag，sme researchers began t wnder：is the brain really s separated frm the bdy？The answer，accrding t a grwing bdy f evidence，is n.
The list f brain cnditins that have been assciated with changes elsewhere in the bdy is lng and grwing.Changes in the make﹣up f the micrrganisms （微生物） in the digestive system have been linked t disrders such as Parkinsn's disease.There is als a thery that infectin during pregnancy（孕期） culd lead t brain diseases in babies.
The effect is tw﹣way.There is a lengthening list f symptms nt typically viewed as disrders f the nervus system，but the brain plays a large part in them.Fr example，the develpment f a fever is influenced by a ppulatin f nerve cells that cntrl bdy temperature and appetite.Evidence is munting that cancers use nerves t grw and spread.
The intercnnectin between brain and bdy has prmising implicatins fr ur ability t bth understand and treat illnesses.If sme brain disrders start utside the brain，then perhaps treatments fr them culd als reach in frm utside.Treatments that take effect thrugh the digestive system，the heart r ther rgans，wuld be much easier and less risky than thse that must crss the bld﹣brain barrier.
It als wrks in the ppsite directin.Study shws mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulatin t a brain area invlved in psitive emtin and mtivatin.Activatin f the brain reward centre —called the ventral tegmental area （VTA） —seems t cause immune changes that cntribute t it.Wrking ut hw this happens culd help t destry cancers，enhance respnses t vaccines（疫苗） and even re﹣evaluate physical diseases that，fr centuries，have nt been cnsidered as being psychlgically driven.
（1）What d the researchers fcus n abut the brain？
A.Its prtecting system.
B.Its expsure t diseases.
C.Its cntrlling functin.
D.Its cnnectin t the bdy.
（2）Hw des the authr supprt his idea in paragraph 2？
A.By explaining a thery.
B.By prviding examples.
C.By making cmparisns.
D.By presenting cause and effect.
（3）Which best describes treatments that d nt crss the bld﹣brain barrier？
A.Cheaper.
B.Mre specific.
C.Safer.
D.Mre direct.
（4）What des the study suggest in the last paragraph？
A.Brain health depends n immune changes.
B.Brain stimulatin leads t negative emtins.
C.The brain can help enhance psychlgical health.
D.The brain may be key t treating physical diseases.
21．（2024•合肥一模） A pair f researchers with Leibniz University f Hannver has demnstrated the means by which rbts might be prgrammed t experience smething similar t pain in animals.As part f their demnstratin at last week's IEEE Internatinal Cnference n Rbtics and Autmatin held in Stckhlm，Jhannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin shwed hw pain might be used in rbts，by interacting with a BiTac fingertip sensr n the end f a Kuka rbtic arm that had been prgrammed t react differently t differing amunts f pain.
The idea f develping an artificial rbt nervus system may seem cntrary t all expectatins，but Kuehn says ding s is imprtant in the same way that it is gd fr humans t feel pain."Pain is a system that prtects us，"says Kuchn."When we avid the surce f pain，it helps us nt get hurt."S when rbts can feel and react t pain，they will becme smart enugh t avid it.The mre dangerus the rbt registers the threat t be，the faster it will withdraw and avid he surce f danger.Additinally，Kuehn and Haddadin say humans wrking alngside rbts that feel pain，especially thse in heavy machinery，will be prtected arund them.
They have tested ut sme f their ideas using a rbtic arm with a fingertip sensr that can detect pressure and temperature.It uses a rbt﹣tissue patch（小片）mdeled n human skin t decide hw much pain shuld be felt and thus what actin t take.Fr example，if the arm feels light pain，it slwly withdraws until the pain stps，and then returns t its riginal task；severe pain，meanwhile，causes the arm t g int a kind f lckdwn mde until it can get help frm a human peratr.
Such rbts are likely t raise a hst f questins，f curse，if they becme mre cmmn ﹣﹣﹣if a rbt acts the same way a human des when tuching a ht plate，are we t believe it is truly experiencing pain？Only time will tell f curse，but ne thing that is evident，Kuehn and Haddadin's wrk culd lead t rbts that are mre human﹣like than ever.
（1）What d we learn abut the rbts in the demnstratin？
A.They can learn skills like animals.
B.They can cmmunicate with peple.
C.They have the ability t feel pain.
D.They respnd differently t requests.
（2）What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut ？
A.The significance f teaching rbts t feel pain.
B.The principle f rbts' avidance f injuries.
C.The analysis f the artificial rbt nervus system.
D.The value f prtecting human wrkers frm injury.
（3）What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 3？
A.The rbt is smart enugh t carry ut different tasks.
B.The rbt can hardly wrk as well as a human peratr.
C.The rbt can react differently based n degrees f pain.
D.The rbt is tlerant f changes f pressure and temperature.
（4）What is the authr's attitude tward Kuehn and Haddadin's study？
A.Dismissive.
B.Dubtful.
C.Unclear.
D.Optimistic.
22．（2024•沙坪坝区校级一模）
Internatinal Applicatin
The University f Cambridge welcmes applicatins frm suitably qualified internatinal students.We recgnize the great academic and cultural value f a diverse student bdy.Admitting students frm utside the UK allws us t seek talent frm the widest pssible pl.
Attracting s many talented internatinal applicants means cmpetitin fr places is fierce.Hwever，academic achievement and ptential remain the selectin criteria fr senir high schl candidates.
The applicatin prcess
The applicatin prcess is the same fr all applicants.Whilst much f the infrmatin presented n this website is fcused n GCE，and A Levels，many ther schl and natinal examinatins at an equal level are als acceptable.
All applicatins t UK universities are made thrugh the Universities and Clleges Admissins Service （UCAS），which perates n a pre﹣qualificatin basis where ffers are made in advance f applicants achieving their final grades.Offer hlders are finally cnfirmed r rejected nce the results fr the relevant qualificatins are received.
UCAS will require applicants' predicted grades.A predicted grade is the grade f qualificatin an applicant's schl believes they are likely t achieve，all things being well.These predicted grades are used during the admissins prcess t help the University understand each applicant's ptential.
Fr a step﹣by﹣step guide，please refer t ur main Applying pages.
Applicatin fee
Mst internatinal applicants are required t pay an applicatin fee f £60.This is a standard charge that supprts the administratin f the applicatin prcess and maintenance f the systems used in this prcess.See Terms and cnditins f the applicatin fee.
（1）Why des the Cambridge university welcme verseas students？
A.They are freigners.
B.They are mre qualified than lcal students.
C.They will prvide diversity fr the campus.
D.They will be recgnized by the UK gvernment.
（2）Which f the fllwing is true abut the applicatin prcess？
A.Gaka results can play a part.
B.Internatinal experience is a must.
C.An ffer is the guarantee f admissin.
D.Applicant's schl can predict the result.
（3）Wh wuld be the mst likely target reader f the text？
A.A British twelfth grader.
B.A Hng Kng eleventh grader.
C.A student in Peking University.
D.A junir high schl students frm Beijing.
23．（2024•顺庆区校级一模） In 1959，Handler changed hw ty dlls were made when she intrduced"Barbie"t the wrld.With her mature figure，Barbie was ne f the first"grwn﹣up"dlls t hit the retail market.
Handler wanted t create a ty that was different frm the baby dlls that dminated little girls' ty bxes.She wanted a dll that girls culd prject their future dreams upn and allwed fr limitless clthing and career chices.Inspired by paper dlls f the time，Handler，t much disagreement，made sure Barbie had the bdy f a grwn wman.
"My wn philsphy f Barbie，"Handler wrte in her autbigraphy，"was that thrugh the dll，the little girl culd be anything she wanted t be.Barbie always represented the fact that a wman had chices."
There's even a Barbie fr cancer patients—Brave Barbie—a partnership between Mattel and CureSearch that sends a bald （光头的）Barbie t families affected by cancer."Gifting my daughter a Barbie wh suffered frm cancer was tremendus，"Michelle，a cancer survivr said，"We wuld lay with that Barbie tgether and I'd heartbreakingly watch her pretend t take the dll t the hspital fr chem（化疗），r place its lng wig n tp f its head and tell the dll 'It's time t be beautiful again. '"
Bald Barbie was super brave and went n awesme adventures after chem.Smetimes she felt sick and needed t sleep，but wuld feel much better after a rest.Bald Barbie always beat the cancer and went n t live a lng and happy life with her family.That Barbie became s much mre than a plastic dll—she was a means f cmmunicatin and a cping mechanism during an extremely distressing time fr little families.

（1）Why did Handler create Barbie？
A.T make a hit in the retail market.
B.T appeal t girls with her diverse utfits.
C.T d a prject n wmen's career chices.
D.T inspire girls t make chices as they wish.
（2）Hw might Michelle feel when watching her daughter with Brave Barbie？
A.Sad yet cmfrted.
B.Envius yet prud.
C.Overwhelmed and ashamed.
D.Heartbrken and regretful.
（3）What des Brave Barbie mean t Michelle's family？
A.A reliable emtinal supprt.
B.A glue fr brken relatinships.
C.An effective practical treatment.
D.A secret medium f negtiatin.
（4）Where is the text prbably taken frm？
A.A medical jurnal.
B.A charity brchure.
C.A financial reprt.
D.A stry cllectin.
24．（2024•牡丹区校级模拟） Last summer at a bkstre，my sn Henry was fascinated by the cver f the first nvel frm Peter Brwn's middle﹣grade trilgy（三部曲）.He then finished it in just tw days."Dad，why did The Wild Rbt have t be s sad？"He tearfully asked me.
The stry is set n a remte island，where a rbt named Rz learns t survive and cmmunicate with the island's creatures，and becmes part f the cmmunity.Fr my sn，it was the first bk he discvered n his wn；the first t impact him with the mix f tragedy（悲剧） and jy.
When I finished the bk，I knew why Henry lved it.In ur bk club discussin，he described hw Brwn's pictures and wrds had made the stry feel real.When talking abut its final scenes，where Rz leaves t find repairs fr her injured bdy，Henry cried again.His previus reading experiences had cheerful，"happily﹣ever﹣after"endings，but this bk intrduced him t the beauty f cmplex emtins.I tried t explain hw sadness can enhance the meaning f happy mments，but failed t fully cnvince him.
Once ur discussin ended，Henry requested t buy The Wild Rbt Escapes and instantly fell in lve with it.He read the first tw bks repeatedly，s yu can imagine his excitement when we finally gt a cpy f The Wild Rbt Prtects.
We bth agree it is wrth the wait.Rz leaves the island again t stp an underwater threat："the pisn tide."Brwn expertly balances between breathtaking adventure and unsettling ideas—nt just happiness and sadness，but als，given the climate﹣change undercurrents，hpe and despair.
And，here's smething special abut Rz：her physical clumsiness and cnfusin abut life，cnveyed thrugh her expressive eyes and dwn turned muth.Her stry reflects the challenges f surviving in a strange place，much like a child's jurney.Readers lve Rz.They learn frm her.Even better，they learn alngside her.Rz gave Henry the pwer t push thrugh the first bk's sad parts，getting him ready t appreciate that，smetimes，sadness isn't a bad thing t feel.
（1）What drve the authr t read The Wild Rbt？
A.Its tragic ending.
B.Henry's tearful recmmendatin.
C.Its attractive cver.
D.Henry's emtinal respnse t it.
（2）What is ne theme f The Wild Rbt Prtects？
A.Family and cmmunity.
B.Cncerns f glbal issues.
C.Explratin f the cean.
D.Man﹣rbt relatinship.
（3）What makes Rz in the trilgy special？
A.Her childlike expressins.
B.Her rbtic pwer.
C.Her struggling experiences.
D.Her adventurus spirit.
（4）Which message des this text seem t cmmunicate？
A.Misfrtune inspires great literary wrks.
B.Rbt stries wrk like magic n children.
C.Bk discussins help kids survive tragedies.
D.Reading literature facilitates persnal grwth.
25．（2024•新郑市校级一模） "I'm nt a reader." It's a cmmn reply that Julia Trres，a teacher﹣librarian in Denver Public Schl，has heard thrughut her 16﹣year career.She's seen students tear up bks，thrw them away r check them ut nly t immediately return them all because they didn't have cnfidence in their ability t read.
As a librarian，Trres feels strngly that libraries shuld be spaces f liberatin，places where students can develp a lve f reading at any stage.Reading is a skill that everyne can grw t lve，but t many negative experiences during a child's literacy （读写能力） educatin can result in bredm，lack f interest r even anger.When a student has a pr experience like being shamed fr their reading chices，they can begin t assciate reading with painful feelings f insecurity，shame and stress.
T prevent reading disrder （阅读障碍） practices，as Trres ntes，librarians first can build an inclusive （内容丰富的） library where classified cllectins can make it easier fr students t find ut the bks they want and als help identify gaps in the cllectins.Reevaluating librarians' rle is necessary，which allws students t take cntrl f the library and have a say in what's purchased fr the cllectin，directly exciting students' reading interest.Instead f hsting traditinal bk fairs where students have t pay fr bks，it is better t pen up a True Bk Fair，where students are invited t chse bks intentinally t their interests withut any csts.Librarians are recmmended t read what students are reading.Anther tw imprtant appraches t preventing reading disrder are t take a lk at the library plicies and redefine （重新定义） what cunts as reading.It is necessary t get rid f fines，check﹣ut limits，security gates，and punishment plicies.Plus，students are encuraged t listen t audibks r read picture bks.Find a way t teach imprtant skills like cmprehensin r critical thinking with the texts that excite and interest students.
（1）What des the underlined sentence "I'm nt a reader" in Paragraph 1 infer？
A.Sme students are nt interested in reading.
B.Sme students have n ability t read bks.
C.Sme students dn't brrw bks frm the library.
D.Sme students haven't tried t read fr entertainment.
（2）What is directly linked with exciting students' reading interests？
A.Getting rid f library rules.
B.Making their wn chices.
C.Librarians' recmmendatin.
D.Reducing charges caused by reading.
（3）What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut？
A.What leads t students' difficulty in reading.
B.Hw negative reading experiences affect students.
C.Hw t reduce reading disrder as student librarians.
D.Why t decrease reading disrder as student librarians.
（4）What is the authr's purpse f writing the text？
A.T d a research n reading disrder.
B.T ffer suggestins t the librarians.
C.T analyze why reading disrder frms.
D.T draw attentin t reading disrder preventin.
2025年菁优高考英语压轴训练2
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共25小题）
1．（2024•黄浦区一模）IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS
The rice cker can be used by children aged frm 8 years and abve and persns with reduced physical，sensry r mental capabilities r lack f experience and knwledge if they have been supervised/instructed and understand the hazards invlved.Children shall nt play with the appliance.Cleaning and user care shall nt be dne by children unless they are lder than 8 and supervised.Keep the appliance and wire ut f reach f children under 8 years.
If the wire is damaged，it must be replaced by the manufacturer，its service agent，r smene similarly qualified，t avid hazard.
SERVICE
The prduct isn't user﹣serviceable.If it's nt wrking，read the instructins，check the plug fuse（保险丝） and main fuse.If it's still nt wrking，cnsult yur retailer（零售商）.
If that desn't slve the prblem – ring Custmer Service – they may be able t ffer technical advice.
If they advise yu t return the prduct t us，pack it carefully，include a nte with yur name，address，day phne number，and what's wrng.If under guarantee，say where and when purchased，and include prf f purchase.Send it t：
Custmer Service
Spectrum Brands （UK） Ltd
Fir Street，Failswrth，Manchester M35 OHS
email：[email protected]
telephne：0345 658 9700
Please nte：If yu have purchased the prduct within the last 6 mnths，please cntact the retailer first t deal with any matters relating t guarantee.
GUARANTEE
Faults affecting prduct functinality appearing within the guarantee perid will be crrected by replacement r repair at ur ptin prvided the prduct is used and maintained in accrdance with the instructins.Yur legal rights are nt affected.
Guarantee perid ＝ 2 years frm first retail purchase.
T claim an extra 1﹣year guarantee，register yur prduct nline within 28 days f purchase.
Register at：
Cnsumables are guaranteed nly fr their recmmended lifecycle.Replacements are excluded and are nly cvered by a 1﹣year guarantee.
（1）What can 9﹣year﹣lds d with the rice cker？ B
A.They can clean r repair it alne.
B.They can use it with prper instructin.
C.They can play with it as lng as it is nt in use.
D.They can supervise their yunger brthers wh use it.
（2）Jennifer bught a rice cker 10 mnths ag and nw there is smething wrng with it，what can she d？ B
A.Call her retailer t extend the guarantee perid.
B.Self﹣check the appliance befre asking fr help.
C.Email t [email protected] fr technical advice.
D.Return the cker with cntact &；purchasing infrmatin withut the recipe.
（3）Yu can replace a faulty rice cker in the third year frm yur purchase if C .
A.it has been repaired by yur retailer r a service agent
B.the prduct functinality hasn't been affected seriusly
C.yu have registered the cker nline as sn as yu buy it
D.its cnsumables are guaranteed fr their recmmended lifecycle
【考点】应用文；日常生活．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】BBC
【分析】这是一篇应用文。这是一个电饭煲的售后说明，就电饭煲保修事宜进行了详细讲解。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段The rice cker can be used by children aged frm 8 years and abve and persns with reduced physical，sensry r mental capabilities r lack f experience and knwledge if they have been supervised/instructed and understand the hazards invlved.Children shall nt play with the appliance.Cleaning and user care shall nt be dne by children unless they are lder than 8 and supervised.Keep the appliance and wire ut f reach f children under 8 years.（八岁或以上的儿童，以及身体、感官或智力有缺陷或缺乏经验和知识的人士，只要在监督/指导下，并了解所涉及的危害，均可使用电饭锅。儿童不得玩此器具。清洁和用户护理不得由儿童完成，除非他们超过8岁并受到监督。将电器和电线放在8岁以下儿童接触不到的地方。）可知，9岁小孩他们可以在适当的指导下使用电饭煲。故选B项。
（2）细节理解题。由文章SERVICE中If it's nt wrking，read the instructins，check the plug fuse（保险丝） and main fuse.If it's still nt wrking，cnsult yur retailer（零售商）.（如果不工作，请阅读说明，检查插头保险丝和主保险丝。如果仍然不起作用，请咨询您的零售商。）"可知，电饭煲出问题后，在寻求帮助之前应自行检查。故选B项。
（3）细节理解题。由文章GUARANTEE中Guarantee perid ＝ 2 years frm first retail purchase.T claim an extra 1﹣year guarantee，register yur prduct nline within 28 days f purchase.（保修期﹣自首次零售购买起2年。要申请额外的1年保修，请在购买后28天内在线注册您的产品。）"可知，如果你一买就在网上注册了电饭煲，你可以在购买后的第三年更换有故障的电饭煲。故选C项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
2．（2024•黄浦区一模） Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman，wh tgether identified a slight chemical change t messenger RNA，were awarded the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine this year.
Dr.Karikó，the 13th wman t win the prize，had cme t the United States frm Hungary tw decades earlier when her research prgram there ran ut f mney.She was preccupied by mRNA，which prvides instructins t cells t make prteins. Defying the decades﹣ld belief that mRNA was clinically unusable，she hld the view that it wuld stimulate medical innvatins.
She and Dr.Weissman had their first chance meeting ver a cpy machine at the University f Pennsylvania in 1998.At the time，Dr.Weissman was desperate fr new appraches t a vaccine（疫苗） against ，which had lng prved impssible t defend against.A physician wh had tried and failed fr years t develp a treatment fr AIDS，he wndered if he and Dr.Karikó culd team up t make an
Fr years，they were at a lss.Mice vaccinated with mRNA became inactive.Cuntless experiments failed.They wandered dwn ne dead end after anther.But eventually，the scientists discvered that cells prtect their wn mRNA with a specific chemical mdificatin（修饰）.S they tried making the same change t mRNA manufactured in the lab befre vaccinating it int cells.It wrked.
At first，ther scientists were largely uninterested in taking up that new apprach t vaccinatin.But tw bitech cmpanies sn tk ntice：Mderna，in the United States，and BiNTech，in Germany.Then the crnavirus emerged.Almst instantly，Drs.Karikó and Weissman's wrk came tgether with several factrs f different research t put vaccine makers ahead f the game in develping sht.
Brian Fergusn，an immunlgist at the University f Cambridge，said. "The wrk f Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman in the years prir t 2020 prevented tens f millins f deaths and helped the wrld recver frm the wrst pandemic in a century.They richly deserve this recgnitin."
（1）The underlined wrd "defying" （paragraph 2）is clsest in meaning t " A ".
A.challenging
B.cnfirming
C.re﹣emphasizing
D.stating
（2）Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE abut Dr.Karikó and Dr.Weissman's research？ C
A.They teamed up fr the treatment fr AIDS in Hungary.
B.They prtected their mRNA with a chemical mdificatin.
C.They persevered until they made a change t lab﹣made mRNA.
D.They manufactured mRNA in mice despite their cuntless failures.
（3）Accrding t Brian Fergusn，Dr.Karikó and Dr.Weissman deserve the recgnitin because C .
A.they tk n ntice f thers' ignrance
B.they caught attentin f tw bitech cmpanies
C.their wrk helped avid the lss f cuntless lives
D.their wrk prevented the utbreak f the pandemic
（4）Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage？ C
A.Chemical Changes Identified in the Pandemic
B.Appraches Adpted t Defend Against H.I.V
C.Nbel Prize Awarded t Cvid Vaccine Pineers
D.mRNA Manufactured in a University Lab in USA
【考点】记叙文；杰出人物．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】ACCC
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了匈牙利科学家Katalin Karikó和Drew Weissman发现了mRNA的微小化学变化的过程，并且他们今年被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
【解答】（1）词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子Defying the decades﹣ld belief that mRNA was clinically unusable，she hld the view that it wuld stimulate medical innvatins（她Defying 了几十年来信使核糖核酸在临床上不可用的观点，认为它会刺激医学创新），可知她认为mRNA会刺激医学创新，所以应该是驳斥原来的观点，因此Defying 表示"驳斥"，A.challenging驳斥；B.cnfirming确认；C.re﹣emphasizing再次强调；D.stating陈述。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段Fr years，they were at a lss.Mice vaccinated with mRNA became inactive.Cuntless experiments failed.They wandered dwn ne dead end after anther.But eventually，the scientists discvered that cells prtect their wn mRNA with a specific chemical mdificatin（修饰）.S they tried making the same change t mRNA manufactured in the lab befre vaccinating it int cells.It wrked（多年来，他们不知所措。用mRNA接种的小鼠变得不活跃。无数的实验失败了。他们一个接一个地走在死胡同里。但最终，这几位科学家们发现，细胞通过一种特定的化学物质来保护自己的mRNA。因此，他们试图在将实验室制造的mRNA接种到细胞中之前，对其进行同样的改变。这个方法奏效了），可知他们一直坚持不懈，直到他们改变了实验室制造的mRNA，故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段的The wrk f Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman in the years prir t 2020 prevented tens f millins f deaths and helped the wrld recver frm the wrst pandemic in a century.They richly deserve this recgnitin（Katalin Karikó和Drew Weissman在2020年之前几年的工作防止了数千万人死亡，并帮助世界从一个世纪以来最严重的疫情中恢复过来。他们理应得到这种认可），可知Karikó博士和Weissman博士是值得表彰的，因为他们的工作帮助避免了无数人的生命损失，故选C。
（4）标题判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman，wh tgether identified a slight chemical change t messenger RNA，were awarded the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine this year（共同发现messenger RNA发生了轻微的化学变化的Katalin Karikó和Drew Weissman，于今年获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖），可知C.Nbel Prize Awarded t Cvid Vaccine Pineers（诺贝尔奖授予新冠肺炎疫苗先驱）可以反映文章的主题，适合作为标题，故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．（2024•黄浦区一模） A grup f 41 states and the District f Clumbia began a legal case against Meta，the parent cmpany f Facebk，Instagram，WhatsApp and Messenger，insisting that the cmpany knwingly used features n its platfrms t cause children t veruse them.The accusatins in the lawsuit raise a deeper questin abut behavir：Are yung peple becming addicted t scial media and the internet？Here's what the research has fund.
David Greenfield，a psychlgist and funder f the Center fr Internet and Technlgy Addictin in West Hartfrd，Cnn.，said the devices tempt users with sme pwerful appraches.One is "intermittent reinfrcement，" which creates the idea that a user culd get a reward at any time.But when the reward cmes is unpredictable.Adults are easily influenced，he nted，but yung peple are particularly at risk，because the brain regins that are invlved in resisting temptatin and reward are nt nearly as develped in children and teenagers as in adults.Mrever，the adlescent brain is especially accustmed t scial cnnectins，and "scial media is all a perfect pprtunity t cnnect with ther peple."
Fr many years，the scientific cmmunity typically defined addictin in relatin t substances，such as drugs，and nt behavirs，such as gambling r internet use.That has gradually changed.In 2013，the Diagnstic and Statistical Manual f Mental Disrders，the fficial reference fr mental health cnditins，intrduced the idea f internet gaming addictin.
A subsequent study explred bradening the definitin t "internet addictin." The authr suggested further explring diagnstic criteria and the language，fr instance，nting that terms like "prblematic use" and even the wrd "internet" were pen t brad interpretatin，given the many frms the infrmatin and its delivery can take.
Dr.Michael Rich，the directr f the Digital Wellness Lab at Bstn Children's Hspital，said he discuraged the use f the wrd "addictin" because the internet，if used effectively and with limits，was nt merely useful but als essential t everyday life.
Greenfield agreed that there clearly are valuable uses fr the internet and that the definitin f hw much is t much can vary.But he said there als were bvius cases where immderate use disturbs schl，sleep and ther vital aspects f a healthy life.T many yung cnsumers "can't put it dwn，" he said. "The internet，including scial media like Meta，are the drugs affecting the mind."
（1）What was Meta accused f？ C
A.It added prblematic features t its platfrm.
B.It started a discussin t mislead yung peple.
C.It tempted children t use scial media t much.
D.It cnducted illegal research n its parent cmpany.
（2）Accrding t David Greenfield，users tend t be addicted t scial media and the internet due t B .
A.their under﹣develped brain
B.the randm pattern f rewards
C.their desire t be scially cnnected
D.the pssibility f escaping frm reality
（3）What can be cncluded abut the study intrduced in Paragraph 4？ C
A.Addictin is smething abut behavirs instead f substances.
B.The nline language can be interpreted frm a brad perspective.
C.Current diagnstic criteria f "internet addictin" isn't satisfactry.
D.There shuld be an agreement n the definitin f the wrd "internet".
（4）Dr.Michael Rich and David Greenfield bth agree that A .
A.prper use f the internet des gd t children
B.the internet is t blame fr disturbing healthy life
C.there are cases against immderate use f the internet
D.the wrd "addictin" is imprperly used n the internet
【考点】说明文；健康．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CBCA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了梅塔被指控诱使儿童过度使用社交媒体，专家研究发现用户使用网络成瘾有多方面的因素，但是合理利用网络还是有帮助的。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段A grup f 41 states and the District f Clumbia began a legal case against Meta，the parent cmpany f Facebk，Instagram，WhatsApp and Messenger，insisting that the cmpany knwingly used features n its platfrms t cause children t veruse them. （41个州和哥伦比亚特区开始对Facebk、Instagram、WhatsApp和Messenger的母公司Meta提起诉讼，坚称该公司故意使用其平台上的功能，导致儿童过度使用这些功能。）可知，梅塔被指控诱使儿童过度使用社交媒体。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段One is "intermittent reinfrcement，" which creates the idea that a user culd get a reward at any time.But when the reward cmes is unpredictable. （一种是"间歇性强化"，它创造了用户可以随时获得奖励的想法。但奖励何时到来是不可预测的。）可知，根据大卫•格林菲尔德的说法，用户倾向于沉迷于社交媒体和互联网是因为奖励的随机模式。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第四段A subsequent study explred bradening the definitin t "internet addictin." The authr suggested further explring diagnstic criteria and the language，fr instance，nting that terms like "prblematic use" and even the wrd "internet" were pen t brad interpretatin，given the many frms the infrmatin and its delivery can take.（随后的一项研究探索将定义扩大到"网络成瘾"。作者建议进一步探索诊断标准和语言，例如，注意到"有问题的使用"甚至"互联网"这个词都有广泛的解释，因为信息及其传递可以采取多种形式。）可知，关于第四段介绍的研究可以得出目前"网络成瘾"的诊断标准并不令人满意。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段because the internet，if used effectively and with limits，was nt merely useful but als essential t everyday life.（因为如果有效地、有限度地使用互联网，它不仅有用，而且是日常生活中必不可少的。）以及最后一段讲到Greenfield agreed that there clearly are valuable uses fr the internet （格林菲尔德同意，互联网显然有其有价值的用途）可知，迈克尔•里奇博士和大卫•格林菲尔德都认为正确使用互联网对孩子有好处。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。
4．（2024•红桥区一模）Everyne lks frward t prgress，whether in ne's persnal life r in the general sciety.Prgress indicates a persn's ability t change the way he is living at the mment.Prgress must lead a better way f ding things.All these，hwever，remains true nly in s far as peple want t accept technlgy and mve frward by finding new and mre efficient ways f ding things.
Hwever，at the back f the minds f many peple，especially thse wh miss the "gd ld days"，efficiency cmes with a price.When cmmunicatin becmes efficient，peple are able t cntact ne anther n matter where they are and at whatever time they wish t.The click f a buttn allws peple miles apart t talk r t see each ther withut even leaving their hmes.With the cmmunicatin gadgets，such as mbile phnes and ipads，peple ften d nt take the effrt t visit ne anther persnally.A persnal visit carries with the additinal feature f having t be in the persn's presence fr as lng as the visit lasts.We cannt unnecessarily excuse urselves r turn the ther persn ff.
With efficiency als cmes mass prductin.Such is the nature f factries and the success f industrializatin tday.Factries have imprved efficiency.Unskillful tasks are left t machines and prducts are better made and prduced with greater accuracy than any human hand culd ever have dne.Hwever，with the imprvements in efficiency als cmes the lss f the persnal tuch when making these prducts.Fr example，many handcrafts are nw prduced in a factry.Althugh this means that supply is better able t increase demand，nw that the supply is quick and efficient，the demand might fall because mass prductin lwers the quality f the handicraft and it is difficult t find unique designs n each item.
Nevertheless，we must nt cmmit the mistake f analyzing prgress nly frm ne pint f view.In fact，prgress has allwed traditin t keep up.It is nly with prgress and the inventin f new technlgy that many ld prducts can be brught back t their ld state.New technlgy is required fr ld prducts t stay ld.
It is peple's attitude twards prgress that causes the type f influence that technlgy has n sciety.Technlgy is flexible.There is n fixed way f making use f it.Everything depends n peple's attitude.The wrst effects f prgress will fall n thse wh are unable t rethink their attitudes and views f sciety.When we accept prgress and adapt it t suit ur needs，a new "past" is created.
（1）Accrding t Paragraph 1，prgress can benefit peple when they are willing t D .
A．live an advanced life
B．lk fr better technical methds
C．change ways f living at the mment
D．accept technlgy and advance steadily
（2）The authr explains " efficiency cmes with a price " by B .
A．describing a prcess
B．using examples
C．fllwing time rder
D．making classificatin
（3）Cmpared with hme﹣ made handicrafts，machine made prducts B .
A．lack great accuracy
B．lack the persnal tuch
C．are f high value
D．are quite welcme
（4）What can be learned abut technlgy frm Paragraph 4？ D
A．It can destry new traditins.
B．It can lead t scial prgress.
C．It can be used t crrect mistakes if necessary.
D．It can be used t preserve ld prducts.
（5）What can be cncluded frm the last paragraph？ D
A．Prgress can suit the needs f daily life.
B．Peple review the past with great regret.
C．Technlgy shuld be intrduced in a fixed way.
D．Peple's attitude decides the use f technlgy.
【考点】议论文；社会．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了进步到底对我们的生活而言是好还是坏，作者认为正是人们对进步的态度导致了技术对社会的影响。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段Everyne lks frward t prgress，whether in ne's persnal life r in the general sciety.Prgress indicates a persn's ability t change the way he is living at the mment.Prgress must lead a better way f ding things.All these，hwever，remains true nly in s far as peple want t accept technlgy and mve frward by finding new and mre efficient ways f ding things. （每个人都期待进步，无论是在个人生活中还是在社会上。进步表明一个人改变他当下生活方式的能力。进步必须引导一种更好的做事方式。然而，只有当人们愿意接受技术，并通过寻找新的、更有效的做事方式向前发展时，所有这些才仍然是正确的。）可知，进步可以给人们带来好处只有在技术为人们所接受并不断进步的时候才可能实现。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第二段efficiency cmes with a price（效率是要付出代价的）"下文"When cmmunicatin becmes efficient，peple are able t cntact ne anther n matter where they are and at whatever time they wish t.The click f a buttn allws peple miles apart t talk r t see each ther withut even leaving their hmes.With the cmmunicatin gadgets，such as mbile phnes and ipads，peple ften d nt take the effrt t visit ne anther persnally.A persnal visit carries with the additinal feature f having t be in the persn's presence fr as lng as the visit lasts.We cannt unnecessarily excuse urselves r turn the ther persn ff.（当沟通变得高效时，人们无论在哪里，在任何时间都可以相互联系。只需点击一个按钮，相隔几英里的人们就可以交谈或见面，甚至不用离开家。有了手机和Ipad等通讯工具，人们通常不会亲自去拜访对方。私人拜访还有一个额外的特点，那就是只要拜访持续，你就必须和对方在一起。我们不能为自己找借口，也不能把对方拒之门外。）可知，文章在讲解"efficiency cmes with a price（效率是要付出代价的）"时，作者列举了例子来进行解释。A．describing a prcess描述一个过程；B．using examples使用示例；C．fllwing time rder遵循时间顺序；D．making classificatin分类。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Hwever，with the imprvements in efficiency als cmes the lss f the persnal tuch when making these prducts.（然而，随着效率的提高，在制作这些产品时也失去了个人风格。）可知，与手工艺品相比，机器所制作出来的产品缺少了个人风格。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章第四段It is nly with prgress and the inventin f new technlgy that many ld prducts can be brught back t their ld state.New technlgy is required fr ld prducts t stay ld.（只有随着进步和新技术的发明，许多旧产品才能恢复到原来的状态。旧产品要保持老旧，就需要新技术。）可知，技术可以用来保护旧产品。故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段It is peple's attitude twards prgress that causes the type f influence that technlgy has n sciety.Technlgy is flexible.There is n fixed way f making use f it.Everything depends n peple's attitude.（正是人们对进步的态度导致了技术对社会的影响。技术是灵活的。没有固定的方法来利用它。一切都取决于人们的态度。）可推断，人们的态度决定了技术的使用。故选D。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
5．（2024•北辰区校级模拟）
Tp﹣Rated Attractins in Australia
The Glasshuse
It makes a great first stp in Prt Macquarie befre yu head ut t tur the twn.Wander int the building，and yu'll find the Glasshuse Visitr Infrmatin Centre，with details abut all the things t see and d in Prt Macquarie.Then yu can decide what yu'd like t see and d there.S this centre is strngly recmmended.After visiting the centre，yu can admire exhibitins in the art gallery.It als hsts pp cncerts and classical ballets.
Prt Macquarie Beaches
Prt Macquarie is famus fr varius great beaches.Twn Beach is fantastic fr surfing and has easy access t dwntwn shps.Lake Cathie Beach has slides and tramplines（蹦床），which have great appeal fr little kids.Shelly Beach is a great pick fr peple enjying gd scenery.And there is als dg﹣friendly Nbbys Beach.
The Kala Hspital
The Kala Hspital hlds sick and injured kalas and cnducts research int saving kala ppulatins.Wandering arund the recvery yards is a great way t see the kalas clearly.It'll be yur unfrgettable experience in Prt Macquarie.Entry t the Kala Hspital is free.But the dnatin is particularly expected，which will g directly back int helping the kalas.
Rt Huse
Next t the Kala Hspital，Rt Huse sits in a bushland setting and prvides a view f early life in Prt Macquarie.This beautifully restred late Victrian hme was nce the hme f Jhn Flynn，ne f Prt Macquarie's earliest settlers.And it's ne f the few remaining 19th﹣century wd hmes.All the rms are set up as they wuld have been.This character is thught highly f by peple.
（1）Why is the Glasshuse Visitr Infrmatin Centre recmmended？ D
A．It helps register visitrs' infrmatin.
B．It ffers visitrs exhibitins regularly.
C．It intrduces high﹣quality artistic perfrmances.
D．It gives visitrs a general idea abut travel arrangements.
（2）What can we learn abut Prt Macquarie Beaches？ B
A．They prvide turists with a sense f peace.
B．They cater t needs f different grups f peple.
C．They are equipped with plenty f play equipment.
D．They are t crwded fr families with little children.
（3）What are visitrs expected t d at the Kala Hspital？ A
A．T be active in supprting kalas financially.
B．T avid appraching the kalas.
C．T wrk as vlunteers there.
D．T adpt the injured kalas.
（4）What makes peple have a high pinin f Rt Huse？ B
A．Its unusual freign design.
B．Its cultural and histrical value.
C．Its rle in envirnmental prtectin.
D．Its cntributin t the Kala Hspital.
（5）Which f the fur places might be a tp chice fr wildlife cnservatinists？ C
A．Rt Huse.
B．The Glasshuse.
C．The Kala Hspital.
D．Prt Macquarie Beaches.
【考点】应用文；旅游观光．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】DBABC
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了澳大利亚Prt Macquarie地区的四个顶级旅游景点。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据The Glasshuse（玻璃屋）部分的Wander int the building，and yu'll find the Glasshuse Visitr Infrmatin Centre，with details abut all the things t see and d in Prt Macquarie.Then yu can decide what yu'd like t see and d there.S this centre is strngly recmmended.（漫步到大楼里，你会发现玻璃屋游客信息中心，里面有关于麦考瑞港所有景点和活动的详细信息。然后你可以决定你想在那里看什么和做什么。因此强烈建议使用该中心）可知，推荐玻璃屋游客信息中心的原因是它能使游客对旅行安排有一个大致的了解，故选D项。
（2）细节理解题。根据Prt Macquarie Beaches（麦考瑞港海滩）部分的Twn Beach is fantastic fr surfing and has easy access t dwntwn shps.Lake Cathie Beach has slides and tramplines （蹦床），which have great appeal fr little kids.Shelly Beach is a great pick fr peple enjying gd scenery. （Twn Beach非常适合冲浪，可以方便地前往市中心的商店。凯蒂湖海滩有滑梯和蹦床，对小孩子很有吸引力。雪莉海滩是欣赏美景的人的绝佳选择）可知，麦考瑞港海滩满足不同人群的需求，故选B项。
（3）细节理解题。根据The Kala Hspital（考拉医院）部分的But the dnatin is particularly expected，which will g directly back int helping the kalas.（ 但捐款尤其值得期待，它将直接用于帮助考拉）可知，游客被期待积极资助考拉，故选A项。
（4）细节理解题。根据Rt Huse部分的This beautifully restred late Victrian hme was nce the hme f Jhn Flynn，ne f Prt Macquarie's earliest settlers.And it's ne f the few remaining 19th﹣century wd hmes.（这座修复精美的维多利亚时代晚期住宅曾是麦考瑞港最早的定居者之一约翰•弗林的家。这是仅存的为数不多的19世纪木屋之一）可知，人们对Rt Huse有很高的评价在于它的文化和历史价值，故选B项。
（5）推理判断题。根据The Kala Hspital（考拉医院）部分The Kala Hspital hlds sick and injured kalas and cnducts research int saving kala ppulatins.（考拉医院收容生病和受伤的考拉，并进行拯救考拉种群的研究）可知考拉医院收容生病和受伤的考拉，并进行拯救考拉种群的研究，可推理出考拉医院是野生动物保护主义者的首选，故选C项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
6．（2024•衡南县校级模拟） Peple with high levels f niacin，als knwn as vitamin B3，in their bld may be mre likely t have a heart attack r strke than thse with lwer levels.Excessive amunts f the vitamin，which is rutinely added t frtified fd and can be taken as a supplement，may inflame bld vessels.
Heart attacks and strke are leading causes f death wrldwide.While researchers have made significant strides ver the past few decades in discvering the risk factrs fr these cnditins，they haven't identified them all.
In an effrt t fill these gaps，Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohi and his clleagues cllected bld samples frm 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Eurpe wh had elected t underg cardivascular screenings.The team analysed the samples fr substances called metablites，byprducts f metablic prcesses such as digestin.The researchers then tracked incidents f cardiac events，such as heart attacks and strkes，amng the participants ver three years.
They fund that peple with elevated levels f a metablite called 4 PY，which nly arises when the bdy breaks dwn excess niacin，were arund 60 percent mre likely，n average，t experience such an event than thse with lwer levels.And it was fund in further experiment that 4 PY causes bld vessel inflammatin，a majr cntributr t the develpment f heart disease，in rdents.
It isn't uncmmn fr peple t have high niacin levels，Hazen says.This is partially due t certain fds，such as cereals and flurs，being rutinely frtified with the vitamin in cuntries that include the UK and the US.Niacin supplements are als increasingly ppular as evidence suggests they have anti﹣ageing benefits，says Hazen.Plus，it wasn't until recently that dctrs stpped prescribing high﹣dse niacin t peple at risk f cardivascular disease，as it was initially thught the vitamin prtected peple frm these cnditins by lwering chlesterl.
"I think this study really shws that smetimes，when it cmes t vitamins，yu can have t much f a gd thing，" says Jenny Jia at Nrthwestern University in Chicag，Illinis.Hwever，this research was mainly cnducted in peple f Eurpean ancestry.It is therefre unclear if similar results wuld ccur in peple f different racial r ethnic backgrunds，says Jia.
（1）What is presented in paragraph 3？ B
A．Theretical mdels.
B．Research prcedures.
C．Practical examples.
D．Histrical findings.
（2）What des the underlined phrase "such an event" in paragraph 4 refer t？ D
A．Increased 4 PY.
B．Extra niacin.
C．Bld vessel inflammatin.
D．Cardivascular diseases.
（3）What might nt be the reasn fr peple t have high niacin levels？ B
A．Having niacin supplement is fashinable.
B．Fd with niacin can rapid aging.
C．Certain vitamins are added t fds.
D．Niacin was prescribed t peple.
（4）What attitude might Jia have t the study？ A
A．Neutral.
B．Supprtive.
C．Indifferent.
D．Dubtful.
【考点】说明文；健康．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】BDBA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于血液中烟酸含量高的人可能比含量低的人更容易患心脏病或中风的一项研究。
【解答】（1）段落大意题。根据第三段In an effrt t fill these gaps，Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohi and his clleagues cllected bld samples frm 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Eurpe wh had elected t underg cardivascular screenings.The team analysed the samples fr substances called metablites，byprducts f metablic prcesses such as digestin.The researchers then tracked incidents f cardiac events，such as heart attacks and strkes，amng the participants ver three years. （为了填补这些空白，俄亥俄州克利夫兰诊所的Stanley Hazen和他的同事收集了2331名美国成年人和832名欧洲成年人的血液样本，这些成年人选择接受心血管筛查。研究小组分析了这些样本中被称为代谢物的物质，这是消化等代谢过程的副产品。然后，研究人员在三年的时间里追踪了参与者的心脏事件，比如心脏病发作和中风。）可知，本段主要介绍了研究的程序步骤。因此B．Research prcedures.（研究程序）符合题意。故选B项。
（2）词句猜测题。划线词句前文The researchers then tracked incidents f cardiac events，such as heart attacks and strkes，amng the participants ver three years. （然后，研究人员在三年的时间里追踪了参与者的心脏病事件，比如心脏病发作和中风。）说明研究人员追踪了参与者的心脏病事件，从而推知划线词句They fund that peple with elevated levels f a metablite called 4 PY，which nly arises when the bdy breaks dwn excess niacin，were arund 60 percent mre likely，n average，t experience such an event than thse with lwer levels. （他们发现，一种叫做4 PY的代谢物水平升高的人比那些水平较低的人平均有60%的可能性经历such an event。）其中划线部分指的是"心血管疾病"。A．Increased 4 PY.增加了4 PY；B．Extra niacin.额外的烟酸；C．Bld vessel inflammatin.血管炎症；D．Cardivascular diseases.心血管疾病。故选D项。
（3）细节理解题。根据第五段It isn't uncmmn fr peple t have high niacin levels，Hazen says.This is partially due t certain fds，such as cereals and flurs，being rutinely frtified with the vitamin in cuntries that include the UK and the US.Niacin supplements are als increasingly ppular as evidence suggests they have anti﹣ageing benefits，says Hazen.Plus，it wasn't until recently that dctrs stpped prescribing high﹣dse niacin t peple at risk f cardivascular disease，as it was initially thught the vitamin prtected peple frm these cnditins by lwering chlesterl. （Hazen说，人们体内烟酸含量高并不罕见。这在一定程度上是由于某些食物，如谷物和面粉，在包括英国和美国在内的国家经常添加维生素。Hazen说，烟酸补充剂也越来越受欢迎，因为有证据表明它们具有抗衰老的功效。此外，直到最近，医生才停止给有心血管疾病风险的人开大剂量的烟酸处方，因为人们最初认为维生素可以通过降低胆固醇来保护人们免受这些疾病的侵害。）可知，人们烟酸水平高的原因有某些维生素被添加到食物中、服用烟酸补充剂是一种时尚以及烟酸是给人开的处方。原因中不包含B．Fd with niacin can rapid aging.（含烟酸的食物可以快速衰老），故选B项。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段"I think this study really shws that smetimes，when it cmes t vitamins，yu can have t much f a gd thing，" says Jenny Jia at Nrthwestern University in Chicag，Illinis.Hwever，this research was mainly cnducted in peple f Eurpean ancestry.It is therefre unclear if similar results wuld ccur in peple f different racial r ethnic backgrunds，says Jia. （伊利诺斯州芝加哥西北大学的Jenny Jia说："我认为这项研究确实表明，有时候，当谈到维生素时，你可能是当作好东西吃得太多了。"然而，这项研究主要是在欧洲血统的人身上进行的。因此，还不清楚不同种族或民族背景的人是否会出现类似的结果，Jia说。）可知，Jia对这项研究的态度是没有倾向性的，中立的。A．Neutral.中立的；B．Supprtive.支持的；C．Indifferent.不在乎的；D．Dubtful.怀疑的。故选A项。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
7．（2024•深圳模拟） What is a GPA？
A GPA，r Grade Pint Average，typically ranging frm ne t fur，is a number reflecting yur curse perfrmance n average.It's used by universities t determine whether students meet academic standards and by students t enhance jb prspects r secure admissin int pst﹣graduate prgrams.
Hw t calculate a GPA？
●Determine the letter grade and the number f credit hurs fr each curse yu take in a term；
●Translate the letter grade t grade pint s using yur schl's grading system；
●Multiply the grade pints by the credit hurs fr that curse；
● Add up all the credit hurs fr the curses；
●Divide the ttal number f grade pints by the ttal credit hurs and yu get the GPA.
What are the cnsequences f failing cllege curses？
●Every failing grade （F） significantly impacts yur GPA fr that academic year，limiting clubs，rganizatins and prgram chices，as cmpetitive prgrams require tp GPAs.
●Mst financial aid prgrams require a specific GPA.A sharp drp in GPA due t several curse failures may lead t withdrawal frm financial aid prgrams，unless yu retake the curses and pass.
●Fr cllege athletes n sprts schlarships，failing curses repeatedly can lead t lsing schlarships and team spts.
●Failing multiple curses can result in schl remval and affect future applicatins.
（1）Where is this text prbably taken frm？ A
A.An academic curse guide.
B.A campus jb fair pster.
C.A graduate applicatin frm.
D.An athletic team schedule.
（2）What is Jane Smith's GPA this term？ B

（3）What wuld be a result if yu get ne F in cllege？ C
A.Schl remval.
B.Lss f financial aid.
C.Chice limitatin.
D.Disqualificatin in sprts.
【考点】应用文；学习．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】ABC
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，探讨了平均绩点（GPA）的概念、计算方法和大学课程不及格的影响。它强调 GPA 对学术评估、经济援助、课外活动和未来机会的重要性。语篇主要考查学生理解语 篇及语篇中具体信息的能力，有助于指导学生对自己的学术和未来的职业生活提前设定目标、做好规划。
【解答】（1）。根据What is a GPA？部分中的A GPA，r Grade Pint Average，typically ranging frm ne t fur，is a number reflecting yur curse perfrmance n average.It's used by universities t determine whether students meet academic standards and by students t enhance jb prspects r secure admissin int pst﹣graduate prgrams.（GPA，或平均绩点，通常在1到4之间，是一个反映你课程平均表现的数字。它被大学用来确定学生是否达到学术标准，被学生用来提高就业前景或确保进入研究生课程。）可知平均绩点与课程有关，故最有可能出现在学术课程指南上。故选A。
（2）数字计算题。根据Hw t calculate a GPA？部分中的Divide the ttal number f grade pints by the ttal credit hurs and yu get the GPA.（总绩点除以总学时，就得到GPA。）根据表格可知Jane的总绩点为33，总学时为11，33除以11等于3，所以Jane的GPA为3.0。故选B。
（3）。根据What are the cnsequences f failing cllege curses？部分中的Every failing grade （F） significantly impacts yur GPA fr that academic year，limiting clubs，rganizatins and prgram chices，as cmpetitive prgrams require tp GPAs.（每一个不及格的成绩（F）都会严重影响你那学年的GPA，限制你参加俱乐部、组织和项目的选择，因为竞争激烈的项目需要最高的GPA。）可知如果你在大学里得了F，结果会受到很多选择限制。故选C。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
8．（2024•嘉兴一模） Have yu ever frgtten items when trying t recall a shpping list？Or dialled the wrng phne number when attempting t memrise ne？The brain mechanisms （机制） that cause us t draw a blank in such situatins have nw been identified.
Our wrking memry keeps small pieces f infrmatin that are readily accessible fr planning，understanding and slving prblems.But it will have "swap errrs".Fr example，if we are shwn a red square and a blue circle，and are then asked what clur the circle was，we might say red.
T understand why we make such errrs，Jeff Jhnstn at Clumbia University and his clleagues recrded the brain activity f tw mnkeys because a mnkey's wrking memry is very similar t humans'.
The mnkeys were shwn tw differently clured squares，ne abve the ther，fr half a secnd.After a shrt delay，a black spt appeared in the same lcatin as ne f the squares，and then disappeared.The animals were trained t tell the clur f the square they were suppsed t be remembering based n the lcatin f the spt，by staring at the matching clur n a rtatable （可旋转的） wheel.When ding this fr abut 3 hurs ver multiple sessins，the mnkeys perfrmed the task crrectly between 60 and 82 percent f the time，but ccasinally made swap errrs.
The research suggests that the brain respnses linked t swap errrs emerged befre the animals decided which clur t reprt.They appeared t arise during "selectin" when certain items stred in wrking memry are enhanced at the expense f thers，rather than ccurring as a result f them frgetting r a failure t crrectly encde （编码） items in their wrking memry.
"Everyne assumed there were simpler explanatins like failure t encde r frgetting，but this very cl study shws that wrking memry errrs cme frm a previusly unknwn surce，" says Earl Miller at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy.The team is planning further experiments t gain a better understanding f mechanisms behind swap errrs.
（1）What is the functin f wrking memry？ D
A．T identify the errrs in understanding.
B．T reduce the ccurrence f mind blanking.
C．T develp the way f distinguishing clurs.
D．T stre infrmatin ready fr mental use.
（2）What were the mnkeys tasked with in the research？ C
A．Crrecting their errrs ver multiple sessins.
B．Playing a matching game n a rtatable wheel.
C．Reprting the clur f the square t memrize.
D．Figuring ut the exact psitin f the black spt.
（3）What des the research suggest abut swap errrs？ D
A．They are unusual brain respnses.
B．They shw a tendency fr frgetfulness.
C．They have an effect n wrking memry.
D．They are the utcme f memry selectin.
（4）What is Earl Miller's attitude twards the research findings？ B
A．Unclear.
B．Appreciative.
C．Objective.
D．Negative.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是工作记忆以及针对工作记忆为什么会出现错误的相关研究过程以及发现。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中Our wrking memry keeps small pieces f infrmatin that are readily accessible fr planning，understanding and slving prblems.（我们的工作记忆保存着小块的信息，这些信息很容易用于计划、理解和解决问题。）可知，工作记忆的功能是把信息储存起来以用于计划、理解和解决问题等大脑思维使用方面。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段The mnkeys were shwn tw differently clured squares，ne abve the ther，fr half a secnd.After a shrt delay，a black spt appeared in the same lcatin as ne f the squares，and then disappeared.The animals were trained t tell the clur f the square they were suppsed t be remembering based n the lcatin f the spt，by staring at the matching clur n a rtatable （可旋转的） wheel. （给猴子看两个不同颜色的方块，一个在另一个上面，持续半秒钟。在短暂的延迟后，一个黑点出现在与其中一个方块相同的位置，然后消失。动物们经过训练，通过盯着一个可旋转的轮子上的对应颜色，说出它们应该记住的方块的颜色。）可知，在这项研究中，猴子的任务是在经过训练，通过盯着一个可旋转的轮子上的对应颜色，报告要记忆的正方形颜色。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The research suggests that the brain respnses linked t swap errrs emerged befre the animals decided which clur t reprt.They appeared t arise during "selectin" when certain items stred in wrking memry are enhanced at the expense f thers，rather than ccurring as a result f them frgetting r a failure t crrectly encde （编码） items in their wrking memry. （研究表明，与交换错误相关的大脑反应在动物决定报告哪种颜色之前就出现了。它们似乎是在'选择'过程中产生的，当储存在工作记忆中的某些项目以牺牲其他项目为代价得到加强时，而不是由于他们忘记或未能正确编码工作记忆中的项目而产生的。）可知，研究表明，与交换错误相关的大脑反应是在'选择'过程中产生的；由此可知，研究表明，交换错误是记忆选择的结果。故选D。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段"Everyne assumed there were simpler explanatins like failure t encde r frgetting，but this very cl study shws that wrking memry errrs cme frm a previusly unknwn surce，" says Earl Miller at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy.The team is planning further experiments t gain a better understanding f mechanisms behind swap errrs. （麻省理工学院的厄尔•米勒（Earl Miller）说："每个人都认为有更简单的解释，比如编码失败或遗忘，但这项非常酷的研究表明，工作记忆错误来自一个以前未知的来源。"该团队正在计划进一步的实验，以更好地了解交换错误背后的机制。）可知，厄尔•米勒认为这项研究非常酷，它表明工作记忆错误来自一个以前未知的来源；因此，厄尔•米勒对研究发现的态度是积极欣赏的。故选B。
【点评】考查说明文。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
9．（2024•河南模拟） Parrts are prey animals，which means that ther predatrs （捕食者） in the wild，such as hawks r snakes，are lking t make them int a meal.This ne factr influences parrts' behavir in yur huse mre than any ther.
Parrts are mst easily hurt when feeding n the grund.Membership in a grup plays an imprtant functin in ensuring their safety and imprving their chances f survival frm attacks by predatrs.The mst cmmn predatrs f parrts include hawks，snakes，cats，mnkeys，and bats.Sme predatrs make attacks nly during the day while thers hunt in the night.
As prey animals，parrts are cnstantly watching ut fr danger and they instinctively （本能地） react t risks.Their first chice is t take flight.Hwever，if this is nt pssible，they will fight with their pwerful beaks t defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk，parrts are especially reactive t quick mvements frm abve and behind.Fr this reasn，it is wise t avid quick，sudden mvements near yur bird.This is a built﹣in reactin nt subject t lgic r reasn.Simple and relatively harmless husehld bjects can draw extreme fear respnses frm a bird.Fr example，a balln may represent a hawk r a vacuum hse （吸尘器软管） may be the same as a snake in yur bird's mind.
As prey animals，parrts are ften frightened by expsure t new husehld items r strangers.It is imprtant t expse yur bird t safe experiences and changes starting at a very yung age t build flexibility and imprve their adaptability.Variety in diet and tys，travel，and expsure t new peple and places all help t make yur bird mre flexible and adaptable t change.
（1）What is imprtant fr parrts t better survive frm attacks in the wild？ A
A．Living in a grup.
B．Grwing beautiful feathers.
C．Feeding n the grund.
D．Aviding cming ut at night.
（2）What is parrts' first respnse t an immediate risk？ B
A．T attack back.
B．T get away.
C．T prtect the yung.
D．T play dead.
（3）Why wuld a balln frighten a parrt？ D
A．It may explde suddenly.
B．It may be in a strange shape.
C．It may have a strng clr.
D．It may mve arund quickly.
（4）What is the authr's purpse f writing the text？ B
A．T explain wild parrts' behavir.
B．T give advice n raising a parrt.
C．T call fr actin t prtect animals.
D．T intrduce a study n bird eclgy.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Membership in a grup plays an imprtant functin in ensuring their safety and imprving their chances f survival frm attacks by predatrs.（群体中的成员在确保其安全和提高其从捕食者袭击中幸存下来的机会方面起着重要作用。）可知，鹦鹉要想更好地在野外躲避攻击，重要的是要进行集体生活，故选A项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段As prey animals，parrts are cnstantly watching ut fr danger and they instinctively （本能地） react t risks.Their first chice is t take flight.（作为猎物，鹦鹉会时刻警惕危险，并本能地对风险做出反应。他们的第一反应是飞走）可知，鹦鹉对直接风险的第一反应是逃跑，故选B项。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Because their biggest enemy is the hawk，parrts are especially reactive t quick mvements frm abve and behind.（因为它们最大的敌人是鹰，鹦鹉对来自上方和后方的快速移动特别敏感。）和下文This is a built﹣in reactin nt subject t lgic r reasn.Simple and relatively harmless husehld bjects can draw extreme fear respnses frm a bird.Fr example，a balln may represent a hawk r a vacuum hse （吸尘器软管） may be the same as a snake in yur bird's mind.（这是一种不受逻辑或理性约束的内在反应。简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同）可知，气球能够吓到鹦鹉是因为气球可能移动速度快，让鹦鹉联想到鹰，故选D项。
（4）目的意图题。根据第一段Parrts are prey animals，which means that ther predatrs （捕食者） in the wild，such as hawks r snakes，are lking t make them int a meal.This ne factr influences parrts' behavir in yur huse mre than any ther.（鹦鹉是猎物，这意味着野生的其他捕食者，如鹰或蛇，正在寻找将它们作为食物。这一个因素比任何其他因素都更能影响鹦鹉在家里的行为）、倒数第二段Simple and relatively harmless husehld bjects can draw extreme fear respnses frm a bird.Fr example，a balln may represent a hawk r a vacuum hse （吸尘器软管） may be the same as a snake in yur bird's mind.（简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同）以及最后一段As prey animals，parrts are ften frightened by expsure t new husehld items r strangers.It is imprtant t expse yur bird t safe experiences and changes starting at a very yung age t build flexibility and imprve their adaptability.Variety in diet and tys，travel，and expsure t new peple and places all help t make yur bird mre flexible and adaptable t change.（作为猎物，鹦鹉经常被新的家庭用品或陌生人吓到。从很小的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的体验和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化）可知，本文的写作目的是对饲养鹦鹉提建议。A．T explain wild parrts' behavir.解释野生鹦鹉的行为；B．T give advice n raising a parrt.对饲养鹦鹉提建议；C．T call fr actin t prtect animals.呼吁采取行动保护动物；D．T intrduce a study n bird eclgy.介绍一项鸟类生态学研究。故选B项。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
10．（2024•葫芦岛一模）A rising star frm Virginia has secured the title f "America's Tp Yung Scientist" fr his grundbreaking creatin﹣a bar f sap designed t battle against skin cancer.At just 14 years ld，Heman Bekele emerged as the victr f the 2023 Yung Scientist Challenge，standing ut amng the ten finalists with his innvative creatin knwn as the Skin Cancer Treating Sap （SCTS）.
Bekele's brilliant cncept centers n the develpment f a sap that is nt nly affrdable，but als has the ptential t reactivate the bdy's natural defenders f the skin t stp skin cancer.In Bekele's wn wrds， "Curing cancer，ne bar f sap at a time. "He always has endless passin fr bilgy and technlgy，and the Yung Scientist Challenge just prvided him with the perfect platfrm t display his ideas.Reflecting n his inspiratin，Bekele shared that his childhd played a significant rle in shaping his innvative thinking.Having witnessed peple wrk tirelessly under the sun，he culdn't help but wnder hw many were aware f the risks assciated with cnstant sun expsure.
"I wanted t make my idea nt nly scientifically exceptinal but als accessible t a brad audience， " Bekele expressed during an interview with the media.He received invaluable guidance frm Debrah Isabelle，a prduct engineering specialist，wh cnnected him with ther scientists t aid him in reaching his ambitius plans.
During his presentatin，Bekele passinately expressed his visin f turning the sap int "a symbl f hpe，accessibility，and a wrld where skin cancer treatment is within reach fr all."
Over the cming five years，Bekele lngs t perfect his inventin and establish a nnprfit rganizatin devted t distributing his innvative creatin t mre places including undevelped cmmunities，ffering hpe and a practical slutin in the fight against skin cancer.
（1）What made Bekele an instant hit？ D
A.Starting a sap fashin.
B.Overcming skin cancer.
C.Being the yungest scientist.
D.Creating a sap against skin cancer.
（2）What inspired Bekele t invent SCTS？ A
A.His cncern fr thers.
B.His adventure in childhd.
C.His enthusiasm fr technlgy.
D.His interest in medical knwledge.
（3）What will Bekele d in the near future？ C
A.Obtain fficial apprval.
B.Visit undevelped areas.
C.Increase the availability f the sap.
D.Update the facilities f prductin.
（4）Which f the fllwing can best describe Bekele？ C
A.Inspiring and mdest.
B.Humrus and psitive.
C.Creative and cnsiderate.
D.Curius and independent.
【考点】说明文；创新与创业．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一位来自弗吉尼亚州的14岁年轻科学家Heman Bekele，他通过创造一种抗击皮肤癌的肥皂获得了"美国顶尖年轻科学家"的称号。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中A rising star frm Virginia has secured the title f "America's Tp Yung Scientist" fr his grundbreaking creatin — a bar f sap designed t battle against skin cancer. （美国维吉尼亚州一颗冉冉升起的新星获得了"美国顶尖青年科学家"的称号，因为他的开创性发明——一种可以对抗皮肤癌的肥皂）可知，Heman Bekele发明了一种对抗皮肤癌的肥皂，一炮而红。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中Reflecting n his inspiratin，Bekele shared that his childhd played a significant rle in shaping his innvative thinking.Having witnessed peple wrk tirelessly under the sun，he culdn't help but wnder hw many were aware f the risks assciated with cnstant sun expsure.（在反思他的灵感时，Bekele分享了他的童年在塑造他的创新思维方面发挥了重要作用。目睹人们在阳光下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人意识到持续暴露在阳光下的风险）可知，Bekele对别人的关心激发了他发明SCTS。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段During his presentatin，Bekele passinately expressed his visin f turning the sap int "a symbl f hpe，accessibility，and a wrld where skin cancer treatment is within reach fr all."（在他的演讲中，Bekele热情地表达了他的愿景，即把这种肥皂变成"希望、可及性的象征，以及一个人人都能接受皮肤癌治疗的世界。"）以及最后一段Over the cming five years，Bekele lngs t perfect his inventin and establish a nnprfit rganizatin devted t distributing his innvative creatin t mre places including undevelped cmmunities，ffering hpe and a practical slutin in the fight against skin cancer.（ 在接下来的五年里，Bekele渴望完善他的发明，并建立一个非营利组织，致力于将他的创新发明分发到更多的地方，包括不发达的社区，为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和实用的解决方案）可知，Bekele希望增加肥皂的可获得性。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据第一段A rising star frm Virginia has secured the title f "America's Tp Yung Scientist" fr his grundbreaking creatin — a bar f sap designed t battle against skin cancer. （美国维吉尼亚州一颗冉冉升起的新星获得了"美国顶尖青年科学家"的称号，因为他的开创性发明——一种可以对抗皮肤癌的肥皂）以及最后一段Over the cming five years，Bekele lngs t perfect his inventin and establish a nnprfit rganizatin devted t distributing his innvative creatin t mre places including undevelped cmmunities，ffering hpe and a practical slutin in the fight against skin cancer.（ 在接下来的五年里，Bekele渴望完善他的发明，并建立一个非营利组织，致力于将他的创新发明分发到更多的地方，包括不发达的社区，为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和实用的解决方案）可知，文章介绍了一位来自弗吉尼亚州的14岁年轻科学家Heman Bekele，他通过创造一种抗击皮肤癌的肥皂获得了"美国顶尖年轻科学家"的称号。未来五年里，Bekele希望完善他的发明，并建立一个非营利组织，将这种创新产品分发到更多地方，包括欠发达社区，为对抗皮肤癌提供希望和实际解决方案。由此推知，他一个有创造力和体贴的人。故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
11．（2024•邢台二模） There's a useful cncept frm psychlgy that helps explain why gd peple d things that harm the envirnment：the false cnsensus effect.That's where we vervalue hw acceptable and prevalent （普遍的） ur wn behavir is in sciety.Put simply，if yu're ding smething （even if yu secretly knw yu prbably shuldn't），yu're mre likely t think plenty f ther peple d it t.What's mre，yu likely verestimate hw much ther peple think that behavir is bradly OK.
This bias （偏见） allws peple t justify scially unacceptable r illegal behavirs.Researchers have bserved the false cnsensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting.Mre recently，cnservatinists are beginning t reveal hw this effect cntributes t envirnmental damage.
In Australia，peple wh admitted t paching thught it was much mre prevalent in sciety than it really was，and had higher estimates than fishers wh beyed the law.They als believed thers viewed paching as scially acceptable；hwever，in reality，mre than 90% f fishers held the ppsite view.The false cnsensus effect has als shwn up in studies examining supprt fr nuclear energy and ffshre wind farms.
Just as cncepts frm psychlgy can help explain sme frms f envirnmental damage，s t can they help address it.Fr example，research shws peple are mre likely t litter in areas where there's already a lt f trash scattered arund；s making sure the grund arund a bin is nt cvered in rubbish may help.
Factual infrmatin n hw ther peple think and behave can be very pwerful.Energy cmpanies have substantially reduced energy cnsumptin simply by shwing peple hw their electricity use cmpares t their neighbrs.Encuragingly，stimulating peple's natural desire fr status has als been successful in getting peple t "g green t be seen"，r t publicly buy ec﹣friendly prducts.
As the research evidence shws，scial nrms can be a pwerful frce in encuraging and ppularizing envirnmentally friendly behavirs.Perhaps yu can d yur bit by sharing this article!
（1）Which example best illustrates the false cnsensus effect？ D
A．A student spends lng hurs surfing the Internet.
B．A blgger assumes many peple dislike his psts.
C．A driver frequently parks illegally in public places.
D．A smker believes peple generally apprve f smking.
（2）Hw did mst Australian fishers view the issue f paching？ A
A．It is unacceptable.
B．It is widespread.
C．It is cntrversial.
D．It is cmplex.
（3）What d the underlined wrds "g green t be seen" in paragraph 5 mean？ B
A．Embrace green habits fr better health.
B．Make green chices that thers can perceive.
C．Jin green mvements fr persnal fulfillment.
D．Chse green items that are easy t spt in stres.
（4）What is a recmmended apprach t addressing envirnmental prblems？ C
A．Dwnplay scial nrms.
B．Highlight persnal respnsibilities.
C．Publicize sustainable practices.
D．Encurage technlgical innvatins.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了错误共识效应这种心理现象，同时探讨了如何利用该效应解决环境问题。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段Put simply，if yu're ding smething （even if yu secretly knw yu prbably shuldn't），yu're mre likely t think plenty f ther peple d it t.（简单地说，如果你正在做某件事（即使你私下里知道你可能不应该做），你更有可能认为很多其他人也在做这件事。）可知，错误共识效应使人们可以为社会不可接受或非法的行为找到合理化的理由。只有D选项A smker believes peple generally apprve f smking.（吸烟者认为人们普遍赞成吸烟。）最能说明错误共识效应。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段They als believed thers viewed paching as scially acceptable；hwever，in reality，mre than 90% f fishers held the ppsite view.（他们还认为，其他人认为偷猎是社会可以接受的；然而，在现实中，超过90%的渔民持相反的观点。）可知，大多数澳大利亚渔民觉得偷猎是不可接受的。故选A。
（3）词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中r t publicly buy ec﹣friendly prducts（或者公开购买环保产品）可知，r表示"或者"，说明划线短语和buy ec﹣friendly prducts意思相近，也就是买东西时做出环保的选择，并且让他人看见或知道，和B选项Make green chices that thers can perceive.（做出别人能理解的绿色选择。）意思相近。A．Embrace green habits fr better health.拥抱绿色习惯，增进健康；B．Make green chices that thers can perceive.做出别人能理解的绿色选择；C．Jin green mvements fr persnal fulfillment.加入绿色运动，实现个人价值；D．Chse green items that are easy t spt in stres.选择商店里容易发现的绿色物品。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的Just as cncepts frm psychlgy can help explain sme frms f envirnmental damage，s t can they help address it.（正如心理学概念可以帮助解释某些形式的环境破坏一样，它们也可以帮助解决环境破坏问题。），倒数第二段的Factual infrmatin n hw ther peple think and behave can be very pwerful.Energy cmpanies have substantially reduced energy cnsumptin simply by shwing peple hw their electricity use cmpares t their neighbrs.（关于别人如何思考和行为的事实信息是非常强大的。能源公司仅仅通过向人们展示他们的用电量与邻居的比较就大大减少了能源消耗。）和最后一段的As the research evidence shws，scial nrms can be a pwerful frce in encuraging and ppularizing envirnmentally friendly behavirs.（正如研究证据所表明的那样，社会规范可以成为鼓励和普及环境友好行为的强大力量。）可知，改变人们的观念可以解决环境问题，也就是要宣传可持续发展的做法。故选C。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12．（2024•仁寿县校级二模） In 1945，tw sculptures meant t represent the average man called Nrman and wman called Nrma in the United States went n exhibit at the American Museum f Natural Histry.
That same year，a cntest was launched t find a living representatin f Nrma.Nrmal is ften used t mean "typical"， "expected"，r even "crrect".By that lgic，mst peple shuld fit the descriptin f nrmal.And yet，nt ne f almst 4，000 wmen wh participated in the cntest matched Nrma，the suppsedly "nrmal" wman.
This puzzle isn't unique t Nrma and Nrman，either — time and time again，s﹣called nrmal descriptins f ur bdies，minds，and perceptins have turned ut t match almst n ne.S what des nrmal actually mean — and shuld we be relying n it s much？
In statistics，a nrmal distributin describes a set f values that fall alng a bell curve （曲线）.The average，r mean，f all the values is at the very center，and mst ther values fall within the hump （驼峰） f the bell.Nrmal desn't describe a single data pint，but a pattern f diversity.Many human traits，like height，fllw a nrmal distributin.Sme peple are very tall r very shrt，but mst peple fall clse t the verall average.Outside f statistics，nrmal ften refers t an average like the single number pulled frm the fattest part f the bell curve that excludes all the nuances f the nrmal distributin.Nrma and Nrman's prprtins （比例） came frm such averages.
Applied t individuals，whether smene is cnsidered nrmal usually depends n hw clsely they get t this average.At best，such definitins f nrmal fail t capture variatin.When limited r inaccurate definitins f nrmal are used t make decisins that impact peple's lives，they can d real harm.There were examples in histry.
T this day，peple are ften targeted and discriminated against n the basis f disabilities，mental health issues，and ther features cnsidered "nt nrmal".But the reality is that the differences in ur bdies，minds，perceptins，and ideas abut the wrld arund us — in shrt，diversity — is the true nrmal.
（1）What can we learn abut Nrman and Nrma？ D
A．N participant fitted the descriptin f them in the cntest.
B．They were n display as sn as they were cmpleted in 1945.
C．They were bth named by the American Museum f Natural Histry.
D．Peple viewed them as typical and crrect representatins f humans.
（2）Hw des nrmal in statistics differ frm nrmal utside f statistics？ C
A．The frmer and the latter fall at ttally different pints f the bell curve.
B．The frmer and the latter accunt fr different puzzles in ur daily life.
C．The latter is a single number whereas the frmer shws a pattern f diversity.
D．The latter ften indicates the distributin f a set f values but the frmer desn't.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "nuances" in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean？ D
A．Pssibilities.
B．Examples.
C．Meanings.
D．Differences.
（4）What is the best title f the passage？ A
A．What Is Real Nrmal？
B．When Are Humans Nrmal？
C．Hw Des Nrmal Cause Harm？
D．Why Shuldn't We Rely n Nrmal？
【考点】说明文；日常生活．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉人们实际上我们周遭世界的 "diversity（多样性）"才是真正的"nrmal（常态）"。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段In 1945，tw sculptures meant t represent the average man called Nrman and wman called Nrma in the United States went n exhibit at the American Museum f Natural Histry. （1945年，美国自然历史博物馆展出了两件雕塑，分别代表美国一个叫诺曼的普通男人和一个叫诺玛的女人。）和第二段Nrmal is ften used t mean "typical"， "expected"，r even "crrect". （Nrmal通常用来表示"典型的"、"预期的"，甚至是"正确的"。）可知，人们认为Nrman和Nrma是人类典型的，正确的代表。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段In statistics，a nrmal distributin describes a set f values that fall alng a bell curve （曲线）.The average，r mean，f all the values is at the very center，and mst ther values fall within the hump （驼峰） f the bell.Nrmal desn't describe a single data pint，but a pattern f f statistics，nrmal ften refers t an average like the single number pulled frm the fattest part f the bell curve（在统计学中，正态分布描述了沿钟形曲线下降的一组值。所有值的平均值或平均值位于正中心，大多数其他值落在钟形的驼峰内。正常并不是指单个数据点，而是一种多样性模式……在统计学之外，正态通常是指一个平均值，就像从钟形曲线最胖的部分提取的单个数字）可知，统计中的正常与统计外的正常不同，后者是一个单一的数字，而前者显示出一种多样性模式。故选C。
（3）词句猜测题。根据第四段Outside f statistics，nrmal ften refers t an average like the single number pulled frm the fattest part f the bell curve that excludes all the nuances f the nrmal distributin.（在统计学之外，正态通常指的是一个平均值，比如从钟形曲线最胖的部分提取的单个数字，它排除了正态分布的所有的差别）可知，统计学以外对nrmal的定义无法捕捉变量，只取平均值，即排除了正态分布中的所有细微差别。所以nuances为"差别"之意。A．Pssibilities可能性；B．Examples例子；C．Meanings含义；D．Differences不同。故选D。
（4）标题判断题。全文围绕第三段的问题S what des nrmal actually mean — and shuld we be relying n it s much？ （那么，"正常"到底是什么意思？我们应该如此依赖它吗？）进行展开，帮助人们全面理解什么才是真正的nrmal。所以A项What Is Real Nrmal？（什么是真正的nrmal？）作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
13．（2024•仁寿县校级二模） A new study says that n matter hw much the wrld cuts back n carbn emissins，a large and imprtant part f Antarctica is expected t disappear.
The study fcused n the melting f prtective ice arund Antarctica's Amundsen Sea in western Antarctica.They said the "unavidable" melting will take hundreds f years，resulting in a rise f nearly 1.8 meters in sea levels.This melting will have a prfund impact n where and hw peple live in the future.The study，published in Nature Climate Change，warns that even if future warming was limited t just a few tenths f a degree mre，it wuld have "limited pwer t prevent cean warming that culd lead t the cllapse f the West Antarctic Ice Sheet."
The lead writer f the study，Kaitlin Naughten，explains that the research indicates that the Earth is n a path twards rapid cean warming and ice shelf melting ver the cming century.While past studies have talked abut hw serius the situatin is，Naughten was the first t use cmputer mdeling t study hw warm water frm belw will melt the ice.The study lked at fur different cases in hw much carbn emissins the wrld prduces.In each case，cean warming was just t much fr this area f the ice t survive.It als lked at what wuld happen if future warming was limited t 1.5 degrees Celsius ver mid﹣19th century levels：the internatinal gal.They fund the runaway melting prcess in this case as well.
The study primarily fcuses n the part f the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that is mst at risk f melting near the Amundsen Sea，including the Thwaites ice shelf，ften referred t as the "Dmsday Glacier".Accrding t Eric Rignt，an ice scientist at the University f Califrnia Irvine，this area is already "dmed" （注定的） due t the rapid melting that has ccurred.Naughten des nt like t use the wrd "dmed"，because she said 100 years frm nw，the wrld might nt just stp but drive back carbn levels in the air and climate change.But she said what is happening nw n the grund is a slw cllapse that cannt be stpped，at least nt in this century.
（1）Accrding t the study，what will be the cnsequence f the "unavidable" melting f ice？ C
A．A fast cllapse f the West Antarctica.
B．A rise in sea levels t at least 1.8 meters.
C．A change f peple's living places and life.
D．A significant reductin in carbn emissins.
（2）What is special abut Naughten's research？ B
A．Explaining why the Earth is n a path twards rapid cean warming.
B．Adpting cmputer mdeling t study the pssibility f ice survival.
C．Finding the runaway melting prcess in the furth case f cean warming.
D．Cmparing fur cases in hw much carbn emissins the wrld prduces.
（3）What wuld Naughten mst prbably agree with？ A
A．Ice shelf melting is unstppable at least in the century.
B．The wrd "dmed" accurately describes the situatin.
C．Carbn levels will never reach the internatinal gal.
D．Past studied didn't shw hw serius the situatin is.
（4）What is the purpse f the text？ B
A．T explain the impact f carbn emissins n Antarctica.
B．T share the findings f a new study n Antarctic ice melting.
C．T analyze the ptential cnsequences f rapid cean warming.
D．T call fr immediate actin t prevent the Antarctic ice melting.
【考点】说明文；环境保护．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CBAB
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的研究发现，无论人们怎么减少碳排放，南极洲的一大片重要区域预计都会消失。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的They said the "unavidable" melting will take hundreds f years，resulting in a rise f nearly 1.8 meters in sea levels.This melting will have a prfund impact n where and hw peple live in the future.（他们说，"不可避免的"融化将需要数百年的时间，导致海平面上升近1.8米。这种融化将对人们未来的生活地点和方式产生深远的影响）可知，根据这项研究，"不可避免"的冰融化的后果将是人们生活场所和生活的改变。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中的While past studies have talked abut hw serius the situatin is，Naughten was the first t use cmputer mdeling t study hw warm water frm belw will melt the ice.（虽然过去的研究已经讨论了情况有多严重，但诺顿是第一个使用计算机建模来研究来自地下的温水将如何融化冰的人）可知，诺顿的研究特别之处在于采用计算机建模来研究冰存活的可能性。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的But she said what is happening nw n the grund is a slw cllapse that cannt be stpped，at least nt in this century.（但是她说，目前正在发生的情况是一种缓慢的崩溃，无法阻止，至少在本世纪无法阻止）可推知，诺顿很可能会同意冰架融化至少在本世纪内是不可阻挡的。故选A。
（4）目的意图题。根据第一段中的A new study says that n matter hw much the wrld cuts back n carbn emissins，a large and imprtant part f Antarctica is expected t disappear.（一项新的研究表明，无论世界减少多少碳排放，南极洲的一大片重要地区预计都会消失）可知这篇文章的目的是分享一项关于南极冰融化的新研究的发现。故选B。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
14．（2024•襄城区校级模拟） I used t believe that nly wrds culd catch the essence f the human sul.The literary wrks cntained such distinct stries that they shaped the way we saw the wrld.Wrds were what cmpsed the questins we sught t uncver and the answers t thse questins themselves.Wrds were everything.
That belief changed.
In an rdinary math class，my teacher psed a simple questin：What's 0.99 runded t the nearest whle number？Easy.When runded t the nearest whle number，0.99＝1.Smehw，I thught even thugh 0.99 is nly 0.01 away frm 1，there's still a 0.01 difference.That means even if tw things are nly a little different，they are still different，s desn't that make them cmpletely different？
My teacher answered my questin by presenting anther equatin（等式）：1＝0.9，which culd als be expressed as 1＝ itself withut ever ending.
There was smething mysterius but fascinating abut the equatin.The left side was unchangeable，bjective：it cntained a number that ended.On the right was smething endless，a number repeating itself limitless times.Yet，smehw，these tw ppsed things were cnnected by an equal sign.
Lying in bed，I thught abut hw much the equatin paralleled ur existence.The left side f the equatin represents that smetimes life itself is s unchangeable and s clear.The cncrete，whle number f the day when yu were brn and the day when yu wuld die.But then there is that gap in between life and death.The right side means a time and space full f limitless pssibilities，and endless pprtunities int the pen future.
S that's what life is.Objective but imaginative.Unchangeable but limitless.Life is an equatin with tw sides that balances itself ut.Still，we can't ever truly seem t put the perfect wrds t it.S pssibly numbers can express ideas as equally well as wrds can.Fr nw，let's leave it at that：1 ＝ live a life like it.
（1）What des the authr emphasize abut wrds in paragraph 1？ D
A.Their wide variety.
B.Their literary rigins.
C.Their distinct sunds.
D.Their expressive pwer.
（2）What made the authr find the equatin fascinating？ B
A.The repetitin f a number.
B.The way tw different numbers are equal.
C.The questin the teacher raised.
D.The difference between the tw numbers.
（3）Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "paralleled" in paragraph 6？ C
A.Measured.
B.Cmpsed.
C.Mirrred.
D.Influenced.
（4）What is a suitable title fr the text？ A
A.The Perfect Equatin
B.Numbers Build Equatins
C.An Attractive Questin
D.Wrds Outperfrm Numbers
【考点】记叙文；教育．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】DBCA
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者在数学课上学了一个等式后的一些感悟。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段I used t believe that nly wrds culd catch the essence f the human sul.The literary wrks cntained such distinct stries that they shaped the way we saw the wrld.Wrds were what cmpsed the questins we sught t uncver and the answers t thse questins themselves.（我曾经相信，只有语言才能捕捉到人类灵魂的本质。文学作品包含了如此独特的故事，它们塑造了我们看待世界的方式。文字构成了我们试图揭示的问题，以及这些问题本身的答案）可推知，在第一段作者主要强调了语言的表达力量，故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第五段There was smething mysterius but fascinating abut the equatin.The left side was unchangeable，bjective：it cntained a number that ended.On the right was smething endless，number repeating itself limitless times.Yet，smehw，these tw ppsed things were cnnected by an equal sign.（这个方程式神秘而迷人。左边是不变的、客观的：里面有一个没有尽头的数字。右边是无穷无尽的东西，数字无限重复。然而，不知怎么的，这两个相反的东西被一个等号连接起来了）可知，作者觉得这个等式很迷人，因为数字虽然不同，但是却被等号连接起来了。由此推知，让作者觉得这个等式迷人的是两个不同的数相等的方式。故选B。
（3）词句猜测题。根据划线词下文The left side f the equatin represents that smetimes life itself is s unchangeable and s clear.The cncrete，whle number f the day when yu were brn and the day when yu wuld die.But then there is that gap in between life and death.（等式的左边表示有时候生命本身是如此的不可改变，如此的清晰。你出生的日期和你死亡的日期的具体整数。但是生与死之间有一段距离）可知，作者躺在床上思考的是这个等式与我们的存在是多么相似，划线词paralleled的意思是"与……十分相似"，和mirrred意思相近，A.Measured.测量；B.Cmpsed.组成；C.Mirrred.与……十分相似；D.Influenced.影响。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第四段My teacher answered my questin by presenting anther equatin （等式）：1＝ 0.9，which culd als be expressed as 1＝ itself withut ever ending.（我的老师给出了另一个等式：1＝ 0.9，也可以表示为1＝0.99999……不断重复，没有尽头）和第五段There was smething mysterius but fascinating abut the equatin.The left side was unchangeable，bjective：it cntained a number that ended.On the right was smething endless，number repeating itself limitless times.Yet，smehw，these tw ppsed things were cnnected by an equal sign.（这个等式神秘而迷人。左边是不变的、客观的：里面有一个没有尽头的数字。右边是无穷无尽的东西，数字无限重复。然而，不知怎么的，这两个相反的东西被一个等号连接起来了）可知，本文主要讲的是作者在数学课上学了一个等式后的一些感悟。由此可知，最恰当的标题是A选项"The Perfect Equatin（完美的等式）"。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
15．（2024•东莞市三模） One Saturday in December，Annacarin Elf，the head f peratins at Gthenburg City Library，just happened t walk by her wrkplace.Nticing that the dr was pen，she entered the library，and was astnished t see the heartwarming scene that peple were using it like n a regular day.
It was scheduled t be clsed fr the New Year hliday.The peple in the library behaved as usual.Many were siting reading newspapers，sme families were in the children's sectin and thers were searching fr bks n the cmputer.
It seemed that Elf's clleagues had simply frgtten t lck the dr，and because this ppular library is usually pen n Saturdays.visitrs just assumed they culd walk in.Elf called t check with her staff team，befre annuncing t the peple present that the library was abut t clse.Then she expressed her regret fr what had been dne wrng and caused them a prblem.It later turns ut that 446 lcals visited the city library brrwing a ttal f 246 bks during the day.What's remarkable is that peple checked ut their bks thrugh the library's electrnic self﹣service system，and that t date，all the bks have been returned!
Many Swedes have reacted psitively t this uplifting demnstratin f lcal respect fr the library，center that can be seen as a sign f the cmmunity，and what the lcals did has strengthened their sense belnging in their cmmunity.
Elf says，"Nthing was destryed.It's amazing that Gthenburgers entered an empty library and treated s lvingly."The city leader has even suggested that this unusual Saturday serve as an accidental experimen t analyse the pssibility f perating a ttally autmated library withut staff.
（1）Why did Elf teel surprised after entering the library？ D
A.The library staff were in it.
B.Peple kept teaing n hlidays.
C.Peple came in withut permissin.
D.It was used thugh suppsed t be clsed.
（2）What did Elf d that Saturday？ C
A.She left the library pen.
B.She asked the staff back.
C.She aplgized t the visitrs.
D.She read bks in the library.
（3）What d many Swedes think f the behavir f Gthenburg lcals？ A
A.It displays cmmunity spirit.
B.It gives the library much uplift.
C.It is a psitive reactin t sciety.
D.It strengthens trust between peple.
（4）What des the authr want t cnvey thrugh the stry？ D
A.Peple tend t shw care fr thers.
B.Life is always full f the unexpected.
C.Libraries can be autmated smetimes.
D.A library can bring ut the best in peple.
【考点】新闻报道；日常生活．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】DCAD
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了在瑞典哥德堡市的一个图书馆，虽然图书馆在新年假期应该关闭，但是由于工作人员忘记锁门，市民们仍然像平常一样使用图书馆，而且他们都通过图书馆的电子自助系统借阅了书籍，所有的书都已经归还。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段Nticing that the dr was pen，she entered the library，and was astnished t see the heartwarming scene that peple were using it like n a regular day.（她注意到门是开着的，她走进图书馆，惊讶地看到人们像平常一样在使用图书馆。）以及第二段It was scheduled t be clsed fr the New Year hliday.（图书馆原本应该在新年假期关闭。）可知，Elf感到惊讶的原因是图书馆虽然应该关闭，但是仍然被使用。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Then she expressed her regret fr what had been dne wrng and caused them a prblem.（然后她对所做的错误和给他们带来的问题表示遗憾。）可知，Elf向访客道歉。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Many Swedes have reacted psitively t this uplifting demnstratin f lcal respect fr the library，a center that can be seen as a sign f the cmmunity，and what the lcals did has strengthened their sense f belnging in their cmmunity.（许多瑞典人对这种对图书馆的尊重的积极示范做出了积极的反应，这个中心可以被看作是社区的标志，而当地人的行为加强了他们对社区的归属感。）可知，许多瑞典人认为哥德堡当地人的行为展示了社区精神。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据全文内容，讲述了在瑞典哥德堡市的一个图书馆，虽然图书馆在新年假期应该关闭，但是由于工作人员忘记锁门，市民们仍然像平常一样使用图书馆，而且他们都通过图书馆的电子自助系统借阅了书籍，所有的书都已经归还。作者通过这个故事想要传达的是图书馆可以激发人们最好的一面。故选D。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
16．（2024•吉州区校级三模） My name is Alice.Early last year，I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled （削弱） my ability t d anything.I felt like a strm clud hung ver me.Fr almst a year I struggled n，cnstantly staring at this wall that faced me.My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this：I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did，which bviusly in life is nt pssible，but it cnsumed me.
One day，I attended a presentatin （报告） by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl.His presentatin nt nly awed （使惊叹） and inspired me，but als helped create an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld.I jined a pre﹣presentatin dinner with him and that smaller setting allwed me t slwly build up my curage t speak ne﹣n﹣ne with him—an idea that had seemed impssible.This cntact was where my stry began.
A mnth later，Brwn invited me t attend the Wrld Yuth Wildlife Cnference.Lking back，I nw see that this wuld be the first in a series f timely pprtunities that my ld self wuld have let pass，but that this new and mre cnfident Alice enthusiastically seized.Shrtly after I received his invitatin，applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl.I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins，and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature.Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.
I am writing this just six mnths since my jurney began and I've realized that my biggest bstacle （障碍） this whle time was myself.It was that vice in the back f my head telling me that ne phrase that has stpped s many peple frm reaching their ptential：I can't.They say gd things cme t thse wh wait；I say：grab every pprtunity with everything yu have and be impatient.After all，nature des nt require ur patience，but ur actin.
（1）What was the main cause fr Alice's anxiety？ A
A．Her desire t be perfect.
B．Her habit f cnsumptin.
C．Her inability t act her age.
D．Her lack f inspiratin.
（2）Hw did Grant Brwn's presentatin influence Alice？ C
A．She learned abut the harm f desire.
B．She tasted the sweetness f friendship.
C．She decided t d smething fr nature.
D．She built up her curage t speak up.
（3）Which f the fllwing is the best descriptin f Alice's situatin after the activities？ D
A．intelligent
B．independent
C．innvative
D．cnfident
（4）What can we learn frm this passage？ C
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Patience is a cure f anxiety.
C．Actin is wrry's wrst enemy.
D．Everything cmes t thse wh wait.
【考点】记叙文；健康．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然的活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。由文章第一段My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this：I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did，which bviusly in life is nt pssible，but it cnsumed me.（我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我）可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选A项。
（2）推理判断题。由文章第二段One day，I attended a presentatin （报告） by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl.His presentatin nt nly awed （使惊叹） and inspired me，but als helped create an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld. （一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brwn的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为）和文章第三段Shrtly after I received his invitatin，applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl.I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins，and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. （在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入"Yuth fr Nature"和"Yuth fr Plane"组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员）可知，是Grant Brwn让作者开始为从事保护自然的活动中。故选C项。
（3）观点态度题。由文章第三段I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins，and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature.Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.（我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信）可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。A．intelligent聪明的；B．independent独立的；C．innvative创新的；D．cnfident自信的。故选D项。
（4）推理判断题。由第一段My name is Alice.Early last year，I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled （削弱） my ability t d anything.（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力）；由文章第三段I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins，and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature.Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.（我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信）可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然的活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。由此推知，从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
17．（2024•铜川二模） Frm the wrld's last seven t a glbal ppulatin f mre than 5，000，China spent nearly 40 years bringing back crested ibises（朱鹗）frm the edge f extinctin.
With its typical red crest and face，as well as a lng black muth and snw﹣white feathers，the crested ibis is knwn as "the riental gem" in China.They were nce widespread in East Asia and Siberia until the 20th century when hunting，eclgical damage and increased human activities drve the birds t near extinctin.
In 1981，the entire species arund the wrld was dwn t the seven crested ibises which were fund nly in Yangxian Cunty，nrthwest China's Shaanxi Prvince，and deep in the Qinling Muntains，making Qinling，a natural bundary between China's nrth and suth，the last shelter f the wild birds.
Since 1981，the lcal gvernment f Yangxian Cunty has put frward fur bans fr the prtectin f the species，prhibiting activities including hunting in the birds' living areas，cutting dwn trees where they nest，using chemicals in their fd﹣finding areas，and firing guns in their breeding（繁殖）areas.The Chinese gvernment arranged special funds t prtect the habitat f crested ibises，sealing ff muntains t plant trees in the birds' living areas.China started the artificial breeding f crested ibises in 1991 and had bred mre than 400 birds in Shaanxi as f last year.
Years f cnstant effrt have brught prmising results.It is estimated that there are mre than 5，000 crested ibises in the wrld nw，and a majrity f them live in Shaanxi.The bird's habitat in China has risen frm less than 5 square km in 1981 t the current 15，000 square km.
"It is lucky that the crested ibis，an ancient bird，is still flying arund，" said Zan Linsen，head f the Shaanxi Academy f Frestry. "The cnservatin stry f crested ibises nt nly shws us the pwer f ancient life，but als the necessity and urgency f eclgical envirnment prtectin."
（1）Why are the Qinling Muntains s imprtant t crested ibises？ B
A．They are where crested ibises were first fund.
B．They used t be the last habitat f crested ibises.
C．They are the nly breeding area f crested ibises.
D．They prtect crested ibises frm natural enemies.
（2）What can we cnclude frm paragraph 4？ D
A．Crested ibises are unlikely t be bred artificially.
B．It's legal t wn hunting guns in Yangxian Cunty.
C．Hunting has been the biggest threat t crested ibises.
D．The gvernment plays a key rle in saving crested ibises.
（3）Hw des Zan Linsen feel abut the cnservatin f crested ibises？ B
A．Merciful and ambitius.
B．Relieved and happy.
C．Shcked and curius.
D．Srry and regretful.
（4）What is a suitable title fr the text？ C
A．Rare animals in China：crested ibises
B．Artificial breeding f crested ibises in China
C．Endangered crested ibises making a cmeback
D．Crested ibises fund again in the Qinling Muntains
【考点】说明文；环境保护．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这篇文章主要讲述了中国在近40年的努力下，成功将朱鹮这一濒临灭绝的物种从全球仅剩的7只增加到超过5000只。朱鹮的保护不仅展示了古老生物的力量，也显示了生态环境保护的必要性和紧迫性。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段中In 1981，the entire species arund the wrld was dwn t the seven crested ibises which were fund nly in Yangxian Cunty，nrthwest China's Shaanxi Prvince，and deep in the Qinling Muntains，making Qinling，a natural bundary between China's nrth and suth，the last shelter f the wild birds.（1981年，全世界的朱鹮只剩下7只，这些朱鹮只在中国西北陕西省阳县和秦岭深处发现，作为中国南北自然分界线的秦岭成为了野生朱鹮最后的避难所。）可知，之所以秦岭对朱鹮来说是重要的，是因为这里曾经是朱鹮最后的栖息地。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段中Since 1981，the lcal gvernment f Yangxian Cunty has put frward fur bans fr the prtectin f the species，prhibiting activities including hunting in the birds' living areas，cutting dwn trees where they nest，using chemicals in their fd﹣finding areas，and firing guns in their breeding（繁殖）areas. （自1981年以来，阳县当地政府提出了四项保护物种的禁令，禁止在鸟类的生活区狩猎，砍伐它们筑巢的树木，在它们寻找食物的区域使用化学物质，以及在它们的繁殖区开枪。）可知，本段介绍的是政府在拯救朱鹮方面起着关键作用。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中"It is lucky that the crested ibis，an ancient bird，is still flying arund，" said Zan Linsen（"幸运的是，朱鹮这种古老的鸟类还在飞来飞去，"赞林森说。）可知，赞林森认为，很幸运能够看到这种古老的鸟儿还能飞来飞去，因此推断这让赞林森感到高兴和宽慰。故选B。
（4）最佳标题题。根据第一段Frm the wrld's last seven t a glbal ppulatin f mre than 5，000，China spent nearly 40 years bringing back crested ibises（朱鹗）frm the edge f extinctin.（从世界上最后的7只到全球5000多只，中国花了近40年的时间将朱鹮从灭绝的边缘救了回来。）以及倒数第二段中Years f cnstant effrt have brught prmising results.It is estimated that there are mre than 5，000 crested ibises in the wrld nw，and a majrity f them live in Shaanxi.The bird's habitat in China has risen frm less than 5 square km in 1981 t the current 15，000 square km.（多年来的不懈努力取得了可喜的成果。据估计，目前世界上有5000多只朱鹮，其中大部分生活在陕西。这种鸟在中国的栖息地从1981年的不到5平方公里增加到现在的1.5万平方公里。）可知，文章介绍的是这篇文章主要讲述了中国在近40年的努力下，成功将朱鹗这一濒临灭绝的物种从全球仅剩的7只增加到超过5000只。多年的努力带来了显著成果。C选项"Endangered crested ibises making a cmeback（濒危朱鹮不断回归）"概括文章主要内容，为最佳标题。故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
18．（2024•河北三模） At my first lessn in Chinese calligraphy，my teacher tld me plainly："Nw I will teach yu hw t write yur name.And t make it beautiful."I felt my breath catch.I was curius.
Grwing up in Singapre，I had an unusual relatinship with my Chinese name.My parents are ethnically Chinese，s they asked frtune tellers t decide my name，aiming fr maximum luck.As a result，I ended up with a nnsense and embarrassing name：Chen Yiwen，meaning，rughly，"ld"，"barley（惹米）"and "warm".
When I arrived in America fr cllege at 18，I put n an American accent and abandned my Chinese name.When I mved t Hng Kng in 2021，after 14 years in the States，I decided t learn calligraphy.Why nt get back in tuch with my heritage？I thught.
In calligraphy，the idea is t cpy the ld masters' techniques，thereby refining yur wn.Every week，thugh，my teacher wuld give uncmfrtably n﹣the﹣nse assessments f my persn."Yu need t be braver，"he nce bserved."Have cnfidence.Try t prduce a bld strke（笔画）."Fr years，I had prided myself n presenting an image f cnfidence，but my writing betrayed me.
I was trying t make sense f this practice.Yu must visualize the wrd as it is t be written and leave a trace f yurself in it.As a bdily practice，calligraphy culd g beynd its wn cultural restrictins.Culd it help me g beynd mine？My teacher nce said t me，"When yu lk at the wrd，yu see the bdy.Thugh a wrd n the page is tw﹣dimensinal，it cntains multitudes，cnveying the frce yu've applied，the energy f yur grip，the arch f yur spine."I had been learning calligraphy t get in tuch with my cultural rts，but what I was really seeking was a return t myself.Nw I have sensed that the pleasure ut f calligraphy allws me t knw myself mre fully.
During a recent lessn，my teacher pinted at the wrd I had just finished，telling me："This wrd is much better.I can see the chices yu made，yur calculatins，yur flw.Trust yurself.This wrd is yurs."He might as well have said，"This wrd is yu."
（1）What did the authr initially think f her name"Chen Yiwen"？ C
A.It was lucky s she gladly accepted it.
B.She felt prud f its symblic meaning.
C.She understd the intentin but still disliked it.
D.Its strange prnunciatin made her embarrassed.
（2）The authr decided t learn calligraphy t B .
A.pick up a new hbby
B.recnnect with her rigin
C.gain insights int a new culture
D.fit in with lcal cmmunity
（3）Frm the teacher's wrds，the authr learns that calligraphy A .
A.reflects the creatr's spirits
B.cmes frm creative energy
C.highlights the design f strkes
D.depends n cntinuus practice
（4）What des the authr intend t tell us？ B
A.Appreciate what ur culture ffers.
B.Find beauty frm yur inner self.
C.A great teacher leads yu t truth.
D.We are the sum f what we create.
【考点】记叙文；文学与艺术．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者学习中国书法的经历和感悟。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段的My parents are ethnically Chinese，s they asked frtune tellers t decide my name，aiming fr maximum luck.As a result，I ended up with a nnsense and embarrassing name：Chen Yiwen，meaning，rughly，"ld"，"barley（惹米）"and "warm"（我的父母是华裔，所以他们请算命先生给我取名字，希望能给我带来最大的好运。结果，我就取了一个毫无意义又尴尬的名字：陈逸文，意思大致是"老"、"惹米"和"温暖"），可知作者最初明白她的名字"陈逸文"（Chen Yiwen）的含义但不喜欢这个名字，故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段的When I mved t Hng Kng in 2021，after 14 years in the States，I decided t learn calligraphy.Why nt get back in tuch with my heritage？I thught（当我在美国生活了14年后，于2021年搬到香港时，我决定学习书法。我想为什么不跟我的传统联系一下呢），可知作者决定学习书法是为了重新接触自己的文化根源，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的My teacher nce said t me，"When yu lk at the wrd，yu see the bdy.Thugh a wrd n the page is tw﹣dimensinal，it cntains multitudes，cnveying the frce yu've applied，the energy f yur grip，the arch f yur spine"（我的老师曾经对我说："当你看汉字时，你看到的是字体本身。虽然纸上的一个字是二维的，但它包含了许多内容，传达了您所施加的力量，您紧握的力量，您脊背的弧度"），可知从老师的话中，作者了解到书法反映了创作者的精神，故选A。
（4）目的意图题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段During a recent lessn，my teacher pinted at the wrd I had just finished，telling me："This wrd is much better.I can see the chices yu made，yur calculatins，yur flw.Trust yurself.This wrd is yurs."He might as well have said，"This wrd is yu"（在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的汉字对我说："这个汉字写的好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的思维发展。相信自己。这个汉字是你的"。他也说："这个字就是你自己"）可知，作者讲述自己学习书法的经历，通过老师的话及自己的理解，意识到书法可以帮助自己回归自我，更好地了解自己。作者意在告诉我们要从内心自我中发现美。所以B.Find beauty frm yur inner self（从内心自我中发现美）是作者的意图，故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
19．（2024•河北三模）
Wrld Fd Day Pster Cntest
If yu're aged between 5 and 19 and wherever yu live，the Fd and Agriculture Organizatin （FAO） f the United Natins wants t hear frm yu!Use yur imaginatin and create a pster shwing a wrld where n ne is left behind and everyne has access t healthy and affrdable fd.
Rules：
●The registratin perid will end at 12：00 n Friday，Nvember 3.
●The cntest is divided int the fllwing categries：frm 5 t 8 years ld，frm 9 t 12 years ld，frm 13 t 15 years ld and frm 16 t 19 years ld.
●Participants wh submit mre than ne pster will be disqualified.
●All artwrks must be riginal.And psters have t be drawn r painted with pens r clred pencils r be designed digitally.
●Psters may r may nt include the text.If the text is used，n mre than 25 wrds will be accepted，Dn't include names，schl names，age，cntact infrmatin r phtgraphic pictures f the cmpetitrs，etc.
●Psters can nly be sent using the registratin frm prvided fr this purpse.All fields f the entry frm must be cmpleted and nce the pster design has been upladed，the SUBMIT buttn must be clicked.
●Only digital files in JPEG frmat will be accepted.
Prize：
●The selectin cmmittee will chse 15 psters in each categry fr the shrtlist （决选名单） and infrm them in December.Shrtlisted candidates will receive a certificate fr this achievement.
●A jury （评委会） will chse three winning psters frm each categry，and these winning psters will be annunced n the Wrld Fd Day website.
●Winners will be prmted n FAO scial media and will als receive a certificate f recgnitin and a surprise gift bag.
（1）What is a requirement fr the participants？ A
A．They must present nly ne pster.
B．They must design their psters digitally.
C．They must uplad their psters n Nv.3.
D．They must prvide their persnal infrmatin.
（2）Hw many psters will be chsen fr the shrtlist in all？ D
A．15.
B．30.
C．45.
D．60.
（3）What will happen t the winners？ B
A．They will becme members f FAO.
B．They will be intrduced n FAO media.
C．They will receive a lt f mney.
D．They will get many bags full f psters.
【考点】说明文；日常生活．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】ADB
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界粮食日海报大赛的参赛规则。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文章Rules部分中Participants wh submit mre than ne pster will be disqualified.（提交多于一张海报的参赛者将被取消参赛资格。）可知，对参赛者的要求是他们只能提交一张海报。所以"A．They must present nly ne pster.他们只能提交一张海报。"正确。故选A项。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章Rules部分中第二点The cntest is divided int the fllwing categries：frm 5 t 8 years ld，frm 9 t 12 years ld，frm 13 t 15 years ld and frm 16 t 19 years ld.（比赛分为5 ﹣ 8岁、9 ﹣ 12岁、13 ﹣ 15岁和16 ﹣ 19岁。）可知，比赛分四个类别；再根据Prize部分The selectin cmmittee will chse 15 psters in each categry fr the shrtlist（决选名单） and infrm them in December.（评选委员会将在每个类别中选出15张海报作为入围名单，并于12月通知他们。）可知，每个类别中选出15张海报进入决选名单，共四个类别，所以共15*4＝60张海报会进入决选名单。故选D项。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章Prize部分中最后一点Winners will be prmted n FAO scial media and will als receive a certificate f recgnitin and a surprise gift bag.（获奖者将在粮农组织社交媒体上进行宣传，还将获得一份表彰证书和一个惊喜礼包）可知，获奖者将在粮农组织媒体上被宣传。故选B项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
20．（2024•涪陵区校级模拟） Fr decades，scientists thught f the brain as the mst valuable and cnsequently mst clsely guarded part f the bdy.Lcked safely behind the bld﹣brain barrier，it was bradly free f the harm f viruses and the battles started by the immune system（免疫系统）.Then，abut 20 years ag，sme researchers began t wnder：is the brain really s separated frm the bdy？The answer，accrding t a grwing bdy f evidence，is n.
The list f brain cnditins that have been assciated with changes elsewhere in the bdy is lng and grwing.Changes in the make﹣up f the micrrganisms （微生物） in the digestive system have been linked t disrders such as Parkinsn's disease.There is als a thery that infectin during pregnancy（孕期） culd lead t brain diseases in babies.
The effect is tw﹣way.There is a lengthening list f symptms nt typically viewed as disrders f the nervus system，but the brain plays a large part in them.Fr example，the develpment f a fever is influenced by a ppulatin f nerve cells that cntrl bdy temperature and appetite.Evidence is munting that cancers use nerves t grw and spread.
The intercnnectin between brain and bdy has prmising implicatins fr ur ability t bth understand and treat illnesses.If sme brain disrders start utside the brain，then perhaps treatments fr them culd als reach in frm utside.Treatments that take effect thrugh the digestive system，the heart r ther rgans，wuld be much easier and less risky than thse that must crss the bld﹣brain barrier.
It als wrks in the ppsite directin.Study shws mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulatin t a brain area invlved in psitive emtin and mtivatin.Activatin f the brain reward centre —called the ventral tegmental area （VTA） —seems t cause immune changes that cntribute t it.Wrking ut hw this happens culd help t destry cancers，enhance respnses t vaccines（疫苗） and even re﹣evaluate physical diseases that，fr centuries，have nt been cnsidered as being psychlgically driven.
（1）What d the researchers fcus n abut the brain？ D
A.Its prtecting system.
B.Its expsure t diseases.
C.Its cntrlling functin.
D.Its cnnectin t the bdy.
（2）Hw des the authr supprt his idea in paragraph 2？ B
A.By explaining a thery.
B.By prviding examples.
C.By making cmparisns.
D.By presenting cause and effect.
（3）Which best describes treatments that d nt crss the bld﹣brain barrier？ C
A.Cheaper.
B.Mre specific.
C.Safer.
D.Mre direct.
（4）What des the study suggest in the last paragraph？ D
A.Brain health depends n immune changes.
B.Brain stimulatin leads t negative emtins.
C.The brain can help enhance psychlgical health.
D.The brain may be key t treating physical diseases.
【考点】说明文；学习．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】DBCD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人脑和身体在病理上的紧密联系以及给我们治疗疾病带来的 启示。考查考生对语篇细节信息的理解能力和基于信息进行推断的能力。核心价值在于引导考生 关注医学研究领域的最新信息，培养学生辩证看待事物的关系的能力以及探究问题的科学精神。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段的Then，abut 20 years ag，sme researchers began t wnder：is the brain really s separated frm the bdy？*（然后，大约20年前，一些研究人员开始怀疑：大脑真的与身体如此分离吗？）可知，研究人员想知道大脑跟身 体是不是真的如此分离开，也就是他们是否联系紧密，故答案为D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段 The list f brain cnditins that have been assciated with changes elsewhere in the bdy is lng and grwing.Changes in the make﹣up f the micrrganisms （微生物） in the digestive system have been linked t disrders such as Parkinsn's disease.There is als a thery that infectin during pregnancy（孕期） culd lead t brain diseases in babies.（与身体其他部位变化相关的大脑疾病清单很长，而且还在不断增加。消化系统中微生物构成的变化与帕金森病等疾病有关。还有一种理论认为，怀孕期间的感染可能会导致婴儿脑部疾病。）可知作者在第2段中举例支持他的观点。故答案为B。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段Treatments that take effect thrugh the digestive system，the heart r ther rgans，wuld be much easier and less risky than thse that must crss the bld﹣brain barrier.（通过消化系统、心脏或其他器官发挥作用的治疗方法将比那些必须穿过血脑屏障的治疗方法更容易、风险更低。）可知不穿过血脑屏障的治疗更安全。故答案为C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段It als wrks in the ppsite directin.Study shws mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulatin t a brain area invlved in psitive emtin and mtivatin.Activatin f the brain reward centre —called the ventral tegmental area （VTA） —seems t cause immune changes that cntribute t it.Wrking ut hw this happens culd help t destry cancers，enhance respnses t vaccines（疫苗） and even re﹣evaluate physical diseases that，fr centuries，have nt been cnsidered as being psychlgically driven.（反过来也一样。研究表明，老鼠在大脑中涉及积极情绪和动机的区域受到刺激后，心脏更健康。大脑奖赏中心——被称为腹侧被盖区（VTA）——的激活似乎会导致免疫变化。弄清楚这是如何发生的可能有助于消灭癌症、增强对疫苗的反应，甚至重新评估数百年来不被认为是心理驱动的身体疾病。）可知大脑可能是治疗身体疾病的关键。故答案为D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析。
21．（2024•合肥一模） A pair f researchers with Leibniz University f Hannver has demnstrated the means by which rbts might be prgrammed t experience smething similar t pain in animals.As part f their demnstratin at last week's IEEE Internatinal Cnference n Rbtics and Autmatin held in Stckhlm，Jhannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin shwed hw pain might be used in rbts，by interacting with a BiTac fingertip sensr n the end f a Kuka rbtic arm that had been prgrammed t react differently t differing amunts f pain.
The idea f develping an artificial rbt nervus system may seem cntrary t all expectatins，but Kuehn says ding s is imprtant in the same way that it is gd fr humans t feel pain."Pain is a system that prtects us，"says Kuchn."When we avid the surce f pain，it helps us nt get hurt."S when rbts can feel and react t pain，they will becme smart enugh t avid it.The mre dangerus the rbt registers the threat t be，the faster it will withdraw and avid he surce f danger.Additinally，Kuehn and Haddadin say humans wrking alngside rbts that feel pain，especially thse in heavy machinery，will be prtected arund them.
They have tested ut sme f their ideas using a rbtic arm with a fingertip sensr that can detect pressure and temperature.It uses a rbt﹣tissue patch（小片）mdeled n human skin t decide hw much pain shuld be felt and thus what actin t take.Fr example，if the arm feels light pain，it slwly withdraws until the pain stps，and then returns t its riginal task；severe pain，meanwhile，causes the arm t g int a kind f lckdwn mde until it can get help frm a human peratr.
Such rbts are likely t raise a hst f questins，f curse，if they becme mre cmmn ﹣﹣﹣if a rbt acts the same way a human des when tuching a ht plate，are we t believe it is truly experiencing pain？Only time will tell f curse，but ne thing that is evident，Kuehn and Haddadin's wrk culd lead t rbts that are mre human﹣like than ever.
（1）What d we learn abut the rbts in the demnstratin？ C
A.They can learn skills like animals.
B.They can cmmunicate with peple.
C.They have the ability t feel pain.
D.They respnd differently t requests.
（2）What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut ？ A
A.The significance f teaching rbts t feel pain.
B.The principle f rbts' avidance f injuries.
C.The analysis f the artificial rbt nervus system.
D.The value f prtecting human wrkers frm injury.
（3）What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 3？ C
A.The rbt is smart enugh t carry ut different tasks.
B.The rbt can hardly wrk as well as a human peratr.
C.The rbt can react differently based n degrees f pain.
D.The rbt is tlerant f changes f pressure and temperature.
（4）What is the authr's attitude tward Kuehn and Haddadin's study？ D
A.Dismissive.
B.Dubtful.
C.Unclear.
D.Optimistic.
【考点】说明文；科技．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CACD
【分析】研究人员展示了如何让机器人感受到类似动物疼痛的方法，并在国际机器人与自动化大会上进行了演示。他们认为让机器人感受疼痛是重要的，因为疼痛可以保护我们，让机器人能够避免危险。他们使用了一个能够检测压力和温度的机器人手臂来测试他们的想法，根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。这些研究可能会引发许多问题，但显而易见的是，这项工作可能会导致机器人变得更加类人化。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段As part f their demnstratin at last week's IEEE Internatinal Cnference n Rbtics and Autmatin held in Stckhlm，Jhannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin shwed hw pain might be used in rbts，by interacting with a BiTac fingertip sensr n the end f a Kuka rbtic arm that had been prgrammed t react differently t differing amunts f pain.（上周在斯德哥尔摩举行的IEEE机器人与自动化国际会议上，Jhannes Kuehn和Sami Haddaddin展示了疼痛如何应用于机器人，通过与Kuka机械臂末端的BiTac指尖传感器进行交互，该传感器已被编程为对不同程度的疼痛做出不同的反应。）可知我们从演示中了解到机器人有感觉疼痛的能力。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段"When we avid the surce f pain，it helps us nt get hurt."S when rbts can feel and react t pain，they will becme smart enugh t avid it.The mre dangerus the rbt registers the threat t be，the faster it will withdraw and avid he surce f danger.（"当我们避开痛苦的根源时，它就能帮助我们不受伤。"因此，当机器人能够感受到疼痛并做出反应时，它们将变得足够聪明，能够避免疼痛。机器人发现的威胁越危险，它就会越快地撤离并避开危险源。）可知文章第二段主要讲的是教机器人感知疼痛的意义。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段It uses a rbt﹣tissue patch（小片）mdeled n human skin t decide hw much pain shuld be felt and thus what actin t take.（它使用一个模仿人类皮肤的机器人组织贴片来决定应该感受到多少疼痛，从而采取什么行动。）可知我们可以从第三段的例子了解到机器人可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。故选C。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段Only time will tell f curse，but ne thing that is evident，Kuehn and Haddadin's wrk culd lead t rbts that are mre human﹣like than ever.（当然，只有时间才能告诉我们答案，但有一件事是显而易见的，库恩和哈达丁的工作可能会让机器人变得比以往任何时候都更像人类。）可知作者对库恩和哈达丁的研究持乐观的态度。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
22．（2024•沙坪坝区校级一模）
Internatinal Applicatin
The University f Cambridge welcmes applicatins frm suitably qualified internatinal students.We recgnize the great academic and cultural value f a diverse student bdy.Admitting students frm utside the UK allws us t seek talent frm the widest pssible pl.
Attracting s many talented internatinal applicants means cmpetitin fr places is fierce.Hwever，academic achievement and ptential remain the selectin criteria fr senir high schl candidates.
The applicatin prcess
The applicatin prcess is the same fr all applicants.Whilst much f the infrmatin presented n this website is fcused n GCE，and A Levels，many ther schl and natinal examinatins at an equal level are als acceptable.
All applicatins t UK universities are made thrugh the Universities and Clleges Admissins Service （UCAS），which perates n a pre﹣qualificatin basis where ffers are made in advance f applicants achieving their final grades.Offer hlders are finally cnfirmed r rejected nce the results fr the relevant qualificatins are received.
UCAS will require applicants' predicted grades.A predicted grade is the grade f qualificatin an applicant's schl believes they are likely t achieve，all things being well.These predicted grades are used during the admissins prcess t help the University understand each applicant's ptential.
Fr a step﹣by﹣step guide，please refer t ur main Applying pages.
Applicatin fee
Mst internatinal applicants are required t pay an applicatin fee f £60.This is a standard charge that supprts the administratin f the applicatin prcess and maintenance f the systems used in this prcess.See Terms and cnditins f the applicatin fee.
（1）Why des the Cambridge university welcme verseas students？ C
A.They are freigners.
B.They are mre qualified than lcal students.
C.They will prvide diversity fr the campus.
D.They will be recgnized by the UK gvernment.
（2）Which f the fllwing is true abut the applicatin prcess？ D
A.Gaka results can play a part.
B.Internatinal experience is a must.
C.An ffer is the guarantee f admissin.
D.Applicant's schl can predict the result.
（3）Wh wuld be the mst likely target reader f the text？ B
A.A British twelfth grader.
B.A Hng Kng eleventh grader.
C.A student in Peking University.
D.A junir high schl students frm Beijing.
【考点】应用文；教育．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CDB
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了英国招收国际学生的相关信息。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段The University f Cambridge welcmes applicatins frm suitably qualified internatinal students.We recgnize the great academic and cultural value f a diverse student bdy.Admitting students frm utside the UK allws us t seek talent frm the widest pssible pl.（剑桥大学欢迎符合条件的国际学生申请。我们认识到多元化学生群体的巨大学术和文化价值。招收来自英国以外的学生使我们能够从尽可能广泛的人才库中寻找人才。）可知剑桥大学欢迎留学生是为了为校园提供多样性。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据部分UCAS will require applicants' predicted grades.A predicted grade is the grade f qualificatin an applicant's schl believes they are likely t achieve，all things being well.These predicted grades are used during the admissins prcess t help the University understand each applicant's ptential.（UCAS将要求申请人提供预期成绩。预期成绩是申请人所在学校认为他们在一切顺利的情况下可能达到的资格等级。这些预测分数在录取过程中被用来帮助大学了解每个申请人的潜力。）可知申请人的学校可以预测结果。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第一段Admitting students frm utside the UK allws us t seek talent frm the widest pssible pl.（招收来自英国以外的学生使我们能够从尽可能广泛的人才库中寻找人才。）以及第二段Hwever，academic achievement and ptential remain the selectin criteria fr senir high schl candidates.（然而，学业成绩和潜力仍然是高中考生的选择标准。）可知最有可能是这篇文章的目标读者的是香港高二学士。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
23．（2024•顺庆区校级一模） In 1959，Handler changed hw ty dlls were made when she intrduced"Barbie"t the wrld.With her mature figure，Barbie was ne f the first"grwn﹣up"dlls t hit the retail market.
Handler wanted t create a ty that was different frm the baby dlls that dminated little girls' ty bxes.She wanted a dll that girls culd prject their future dreams upn and allwed fr limitless clthing and career chices.Inspired by paper dlls f the time，Handler，t much disagreement，made sure Barbie had the bdy f a grwn wman.
"My wn philsphy f Barbie，"Handler wrte in her autbigraphy，"was that thrugh the dll，the little girl culd be anything she wanted t be.Barbie always represented the fact that a wman had chices."
There's even a Barbie fr cancer patients—Brave Barbie—a partnership between Mattel and CureSearch that sends a bald （光头的）Barbie t families affected by cancer."Gifting my daughter a Barbie wh suffered frm cancer was tremendus，"Michelle，a cancer survivr said，"We wuld lay with that Barbie tgether and I'd heartbreakingly watch her pretend t take the dll t the hspital fr chem（化疗），r place its lng wig n tp f its head and tell the dll 'It's time t be beautiful again. '"
Bald Barbie was super brave and went n awesme adventures after chem.Smetimes she felt sick and needed t sleep，but wuld feel much better after a rest.Bald Barbie always beat the cancer and went n t live a lng and happy life with her family.That Barbie became s much mre than a plastic dll—she was a means f cmmunicatin and a cping mechanism during an extremely distressing time fr little families.

（1）Why did Handler create Barbie？ D
A.T make a hit in the retail market.
B.T appeal t girls with her diverse utfits.
C.T d a prject n wmen's career chices.
D.T inspire girls t make chices as they wish.
（2）Hw might Michelle feel when watching her daughter with Brave Barbie？ A
A.Sad yet cmfrted.
B.Envius yet prud.
C.Overwhelmed and ashamed.
D.Heartbrken and regretful.
（3）What des Brave Barbie mean t Michelle's family？ A
A.A reliable emtinal supprt.
B.A glue fr brken relatinships.
C.An effective practical treatment.
D.A secret medium f negtiatin.
（4）Where is the text prbably taken frm？ D
A.A medical jurnal.
B.A charity brchure.
C.A financial reprt.
D.A stry cllectin.
【考点】记叙文；品行与态度．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】DAAD
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了为了鼓励女孩按照自己的意愿做出选择，汉德勒创造芭比娃娃送给患有癌症的孩子们，这给了他们极大的鼓励和安慰。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据原文第二段She wanted a dll that girls culd prject their future dreams upn and allwed fr limitless clthing and career chices.（她想要一个女孩们可以投射未来梦想的娃娃，并允许无限的服装和职业选择）可知汉德勒创造芭比娃娃是为了鼓励女孩按照自己的意愿做出选择。故选D。
（2）情感态度题。根据原文第四段"Gifting my daughter a Barbie wh suffered frm cancer was tremendus，"Michelle，a cancer survivr said，"We wuld lay with that Barbie tgether and I'd heartbreakingly watch her pretend t take the dll t the hspital fr chem（化疗），r place its lng wig n tp f its head and tell the dll 'It's time t be beautiful again. '"（送给我患癌症的女儿一个芭比娃娃真是太棒了，"癌症幸存者米歇尔说，"我们会一起躺在芭比娃娃身边，看着她假装带着芭比娃娃去医院化疗，或者把它的长假发戴在头上，告诉芭比娃娃'是时候重新变得美丽了。'"）可知看到女儿和勇敢的芭比娃娃在一起，米歇尔感到悲伤却又感到安慰。A.Sad yet cmfrted.悲伤却又安慰的；B.Envius yet prud.既嫉妒又骄傲的；C.Overwhelmed and ashamed.不知所措和羞愧的；D.Heartbrken and regretful.伤心和后悔。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据原文最后一句That Barbie became s much mre than a plastic dll—she was a means f cmmunicatin and a cping mechanism during an extremely distressing time fr little families.（芭比娃娃不仅仅是一个塑料娃娃——她是小家庭在极度痛苦时期的沟通工具和应对机制）可知勇敢的芭比娃娃对米歇尔一家意味着一个可靠的情感支持。故选A。
（4）文章出处题。本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了为了鼓励女孩按照自己的意愿做出选择，汉德勒创造芭比娃娃送给患有癌症的孩子们，这给了他们极大的鼓励和安慰。可知文本可能选自故事集。A.A medical jurnal.医学杂志；B.A charity brchure.慈善手册；C.A financial reprt.财务报告；D.A stry cllectin.故事集。故选D。
【点评】1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
24．（2024•牡丹区校级模拟） Last summer at a bkstre，my sn Henry was fascinated by the cver f the first nvel frm Peter Brwn's middle﹣grade trilgy（三部曲）.He then finished it in just tw days."Dad，why did The Wild Rbt have t be s sad？"He tearfully asked me.
The stry is set n a remte island，where a rbt named Rz learns t survive and cmmunicate with the island's creatures，and becmes part f the cmmunity.Fr my sn，it was the first bk he discvered n his wn；the first t impact him with the mix f tragedy（悲剧） and jy.
When I finished the bk，I knew why Henry lved it.In ur bk club discussin，he described hw Brwn's pictures and wrds had made the stry feel real.When talking abut its final scenes，where Rz leaves t find repairs fr her injured bdy，Henry cried again.His previus reading experiences had cheerful，"happily﹣ever﹣after"endings，but this bk intrduced him t the beauty f cmplex emtins.I tried t explain hw sadness can enhance the meaning f happy mments，but failed t fully cnvince him.
Once ur discussin ended，Henry requested t buy The Wild Rbt Escapes and instantly fell in lve with it.He read the first tw bks repeatedly，s yu can imagine his excitement when we finally gt a cpy f The Wild Rbt Prtects.
We bth agree it is wrth the wait.Rz leaves the island again t stp an underwater threat："the pisn tide."Brwn expertly balances between breathtaking adventure and unsettling ideas—nt just happiness and sadness，but als，given the climate﹣change undercurrents，hpe and despair.
And，here's smething special abut Rz：her physical clumsiness and cnfusin abut life，cnveyed thrugh her expressive eyes and dwn turned muth.Her stry reflects the challenges f surviving in a strange place，much like a child's jurney.Readers lve Rz.They learn frm her.Even better，they learn alngside her.Rz gave Henry the pwer t push thrugh the first bk's sad parts，getting him ready t appreciate that，smetimes，sadness isn't a bad thing t feel.
（1）What drve the authr t read The Wild Rbt？ D
A.Its tragic ending.
B.Henry's tearful recmmendatin.
C.Its attractive cver.
D.Henry's emtinal respnse t it.
（2）What is ne theme f The Wild Rbt Prtects？ B
A.Family and cmmunity.
B.Cncerns f glbal issues.
C.Explratin f the cean.
D.Man﹣rbt relatinship.
（3）What makes Rz in the trilgy special？ C
A.Her childlike expressins.
B.Her rbtic pwer.
C.Her struggling experiences.
D.Her adventurus spirit.
（4）Which message des this text seem t cmmunicate？ D
A.Misfrtune inspires great literary wrks.
B.Rbt stries wrk like magic n children.
C.Bk discussins help kids survive tragedies.
D.Reading literature facilitates persnal grwth.
【考点】记叙文；文学与艺术．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了去年夏天，作者的儿子亨利在书店被彼得•布朗的中级读物三部曲的第一本小说封面吸引，并在两天内读完了它。这个故事讲述了一个名为罗兹的机器人在一个偏远岛屿上学会生存和与岛上生物交流，并成为社区的一部分。这本书是亨利自己发现的第一本书，也是第一本让他感受到悲喜交加的书。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第三段When I finished the bk，I knew why Henry lved it.（当我读完这本书的时候，我知道亨利为什么喜欢它了。）可知亨利对此的情绪反应促使作者阅读了《野生机器人》。故答案为D。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Brwn expertly balances between breathtaking adventure and unsettling ideas—nt just happiness and sadness，but als，given the climate﹣change undercurrents，hpe and despair.（布朗熟练地平衡了惊险的冒险和令人不安的想法——不仅仅是快乐和悲伤，而且，考虑到气候变化的潜流，希望和绝望。）可知《野生机器人》的一个主题是对全球问题的关注。故答案为B。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段And，here's smething special abut Rz：her physical clumsiness and cnfusin abut life，cnveyed thrugh her expressive eyes and dwn turned muth.Her stry reflects the challenges f surviving in a strange place，much like a child's jurney（罗兹有一些特别之处：她身体上的笨拙和对生活的困惑，通过她富于表情的眼睛和下翻的嘴巴传达出来。她的故事反映了在一个陌生的地方生存的挑战，就像一个孩子的旅程）可知她的奋斗经历使罗兹在三部曲中与众不同。故答案为C。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Readers lve Rz.They learn frm her.Even better，they learn alngside her.Rz gave Henry the pwer t push thrugh the first bk's sad parts，getting him ready t appreciate that，smetimes，sadness isn't a bad thing t feel.（读者喜欢罗兹。他们向她学习。更好的是，他们和她一起学习。罗兹给了亨利一种力量来度过第一本书的悲伤部分，让他准备好理解有时候悲伤并不是一件坏事。）可知这篇文章似乎传达了阅读文学有助于个人成长的信息。故答案为D。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
25．（2024•新郑市校级一模） "I'm nt a reader." It's a cmmn reply that Julia Trres，a teacher﹣librarian in Denver Public Schl，has heard thrughut her 16﹣year career.She's seen students tear up bks，thrw them away r check them ut nly t immediately return them all because they didn't have cnfidence in their ability t read.
As a librarian，Trres feels strngly that libraries shuld be spaces f liberatin，places where students can develp a lve f reading at any stage.Reading is a skill that everyne can grw t lve，but t many negative experiences during a child's literacy （读写能力） educatin can result in bredm，lack f interest r even anger.When a student has a pr experience like being shamed fr their reading chices，they can begin t assciate reading with painful feelings f insecurity，shame and stress.
T prevent reading disrder （阅读障碍） practices，as Trres ntes，librarians first can build an inclusive （内容丰富的） library where classified cllectins can make it easier fr students t find ut the bks they want and als help identify gaps in the cllectins.Reevaluating librarians' rle is necessary，which allws students t take cntrl f the library and have a say in what's purchased fr the cllectin，directly exciting students' reading interest.Instead f hsting traditinal bk fairs where students have t pay fr bks，it is better t pen up a True Bk Fair，where students are invited t chse bks intentinally t their interests withut any csts.Librarians are recmmended t read what students are reading.Anther tw imprtant appraches t preventing reading disrder are t take a lk at the library plicies and redefine （重新定义） what cunts as reading.It is necessary t get rid f fines，check﹣ut limits，security gates，and punishment plicies.Plus，students are encuraged t listen t audibks r read picture bks.Find a way t teach imprtant skills like cmprehensin r critical thinking with the texts that excite and interest students.
（1）What des the underlined sentence "I'm nt a reader" in Paragraph 1 infer？ A
A.Sme students are nt interested in reading.
B.Sme students have n ability t read bks.
C.Sme students dn't brrw bks frm the library.
D.Sme students haven't tried t read fr entertainment.
（2）What is directly linked with exciting students' reading interests？ B
A.Getting rid f library rules.
B.Making their wn chices.
C.Librarians' recmmendatin.
D.Reducing charges caused by reading.
（3）What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut？ C
A.What leads t students' difficulty in reading.
B.Hw negative reading experiences affect students.
C.Hw t reduce reading disrder as student librarians.
D.Why t decrease reading disrder as student librarians.
（4）What is the authr's purpse f writing the text？ D
A.T d a research n reading disrder.
B.T ffer suggestins t the librarians.
C.T analyze why reading disrder frms.
D.T draw attentin t reading disrder preventin.
【考点】记叙文；杰出人物．
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】ABCD
【分析】短文讲述了丹佛公立学校图书管理员朱莉娅•托雷斯在她16年的职业生涯中，经常遇到学生因为缺乏阅读自信而破坏或拒绝书籍的现象。托雷斯认为图书馆应该是培养阅读爱好的自由空间。她提出了一些避免阅读障碍的做法，比如建立包容性图书馆、重新评估图书管理员的角色、举办免费的真正的书展、鼓励学生阅读有兴趣的书籍，以及重新定义阅读的含义，如倾听有声书或阅读图画书，以激发学生的阅读兴趣。
【解答】（1）词句猜测题。通过文章划线句下文She's seen students tear up bks，thrw them away r check them ut nly t immediately return them all because they didn't have cnfidence in their ability t read. （她曾见过一些学生因为对自己的阅读能力没有信心，就把书撕了、扔了，或者借出后又马上把书还回去）可推知，划线句I'm nt a reader （我不是一个读者）意味着"一些学生对阅读不感兴趣"。A.Sme students are nt interested in reading.一些学生对阅读不感兴趣；B.Sme students have n ability t read bks.有些学生没有阅读书籍的能力；C.Sme students dn't brrw bks frm the library.一些学生不从图书馆借书；D.Sme students haven't tried t read fr entertainment.一些学生没有尝试过为娱乐而阅读。故选A项。
（2）细节理解题。通过文章第三段Reevaluating librarians' rle is necessary，which allws students t take cntrl f the library and have a say in what's purchased fr the cllectin，directly exciting students' reading interest. （重新评估图书管理员的角色是必要的，这让学生能够拥有对图书馆的管理权以及对购买什么来作为藏书的话语权，这直接激发了学生的阅读兴趣）可推知，让学生们自己做选择与激发学生的阅读兴趣有直接关系。故选B项。
（3）段落大意题。通过文章第三段T prevent reading disrder （阅读障碍） practices，as Trres ntes，librarians first can build an inclusive library （Trres指出，为了预防阅读障碍，图书馆员首先可以建立一个内容丰富的图书馆）以及Librarians are recmmended t read what students are reading. （建议图书管理员阅读学生正在阅读的内容）和Anther tw imprtant appraches t preventing reading disrder （预防阅读障碍的另外两个重要方法）可推知，本段主要介绍了一些作为图书管理员，应该如何帮助学生减少阅读障碍的方法。故选C项。
（4）目的意图题。通读全文，再根据文章第三段Anther tw imprtant appraches t preventing reading disrder （预防阅读障碍的另外两种重要方法）可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是让读者注意阅读障碍的预防。故选D项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析。
考点卡片
1．日常生活
【考点介绍】
日常生活类文章在英语考试中通常以阅读理解的形式出现，主要考查学生的词汇量、阅读理解能力、文化背景知识和生活常识。
【解题思路】
1.快速阅读：了解文章的大致内容。注意文章中的生词和短语，以及段落的结构和逻辑关系。
2.细节阅读：仔细阅读题目，带着问题回到文章中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文章中的时间、地点、人物、事件等关键信息。
3.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
4.逻辑推理：根据文章中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
5.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。
2．健康
【考点介绍】
这类文章通常会提供一些关于健康的研究报道或健康知识的文章，例如介绍新型疫苗、饮食习惯与健康关系等，学生需要理解文章中的信息，并能够根据这些信息回答问题。
【解题思路】
1.快速阅读：了解文章的大致内容。注意文章中的生词和短语，以及段落的结构和逻辑关系。
2.细节阅读：仔细阅读题目，带着问题回到文章中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文章中的时间、地点、人物、事件等关键信息。
3.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
4.逻辑推理：根据文章中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
5.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。
3．学习
【考点介绍】
这类文章通常会提供一些关于学习理论、学习方法或经验的文本，例如介绍新的学习技巧或总结学习策略，学生需要理解文本中的信息，并能够根据这些信息回答问题。
【解题思路】
1.快速阅读：了解文章的主题和结构，特别注意文章的开头和结尾部分，这些部分通常会提供关键信息。
2.细节阅读：仔细阅读题目，带着问题回到文章中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文章中的关键细节，例如数据、例子等。
3.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
4.逻辑推理：根据文章中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
5.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。如果对某个答案有疑问，可以重新阅读相关段落，再次进行推理和分析。
4．品行与态度
【考点介绍】
这类文章通常会提供一些关于品行、态度或价值观的论述或事例，例如介绍诚实和正直的重要性，学生需要理解文章中的信息并推断作者的意图和态度。
【解题思路】
1.速读全文：了解文章的大致内容，特别注意文章的开头和结尾部分，这些部分通常会提供关键信息。
2.细节阅读：仔细阅读题目，带着问题回到文本中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文章中的论述、事例等关键信息。
3.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
4.逻辑推理：根据文章中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
5.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。如果对某个答案有疑问，可以重新阅读相关段落，再次进行推理和分析。
5．创新与创业
【考点介绍】
这类文章通常会涉及到一些经济、管理、科技等领域的背景知识和相关案例，并要求考生具备一定的阅读理解能力、词汇量、语法知识和分析能力。
【解题思路】
1.细节阅读：带着问题回到文本中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文章中的事实、数据和关键细节。
2.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
3.逻辑推理：根据文章中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
4.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。如果对某个答案有疑问，可以重新阅读相关段落，再次进行推理和分析。
6．文学与艺术
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"文学与艺术"类语篇主要涉及文学、艺术和审美等方面的内容。这类语篇通常会以论述题、简答题、阅读理解题等形式出现，考查学生对文学和艺术基本概念、流派、作品以及艺术家的了解情况。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时应该抓住主题和重点，理解文章的核心观点和作者的思想感情。针对题目中的细节信息和文中的关键点，进行准确的分析和判断，掌握文章的主要内容和作者的意图。
2.论述题：对于论述题，首先应该明确题目要求，把握好论述的主题和方向。考生需要调动自己的知识储备，根据题目要求进行系统的论述。要注意逻辑性和连贯性，论点要明确，论据要充分，结论要合理。
3.简答题：对于简答题，应该简洁明了地回答问题。考生需要在短时间内用英语进行表达，因此答案要直接切题，明确要点，语言要简练。
4.语法选择：这类题目主要考查考生对语法规则和句型结构的掌握程度。考生需要熟练掌握英语语法，了解句子结构和常用的句型。在做题时要注意上下文的语境和逻辑关系，选择正确的语法形式。
5.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个文学或艺术话题写一篇文章。考生需要了解不同文学流派和艺术风格的特点和背景，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
7．杰出人物
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"杰出人物"类语篇主要涉及历史上或当代的杰出人物。这类语篇通常会以传记、报道、访谈等形式出现，考查学生对杰出人物的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个杰出人物的经历、成就和影响。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及杰出人物的重要事件、成就和贡献的特定词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个杰出人物写一篇文章。考生需要了解该人物的生平、经历、成就和贡献等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
8．教育
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"教育"类语篇主要涉及教育体系、教育理论、教学方法等方面。这类语篇通常会以论述题、短文阅读、教学案例等形式出现，考查学生对教育问题的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个教育理论或教学方法的阐述和解释。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及教育的专业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个教育问题或案例写一篇文章。考生需要了解不同阶段的教育特点、教育政策等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
9．社会
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"社会"类文章主要涉及社会现象、社会问题、社会政策等方面。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、新闻报道等形式出现，考查学生对社会问题的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个社会现象或政策的解析和评价。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及社会的专业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个社会问题或现象写一篇文章。考生需要了解社会现象和社会政策的形成原因、影响等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
10．科技
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"科技"类文章主要涉及科学技术的发展、应用和影响等方面。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、科技报道等形式出现，考查学生对科技知识的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个科技概念或技术的阐述和解释。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及科技的专业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个科技话题写一篇文章。考生需要了解最新的科技动态、发展趋势和应用领域，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
11．科普知识
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"科普知识"类文章主要涉及科学领域中的各种知识。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、科普报告等形式出现，考查学生对科普知识的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个科学现象或理论的解释和阐述。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及科普知识的专业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个科普话题写一篇文章。考生需要了解科普知识中的基本概念、原理及其应用，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
12．旅游观光
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"旅游观光"类文章主要涉及旅游景点、旅游文化、旅游体验等方面。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、旅游报告等形式出现，考查学生对旅游文化的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个旅游景点或旅游文化的理解和分析。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及旅游的专业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个旅游景点或旅游文化写一篇文章。考生需要了解著名景点的历史背景、文化内涵和旅游体验等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
13．环境保护
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"环境保护"类文章主要涉及环境问题、环境保护措施和环保意识等方面。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、环保报告等形式出现，考查学生对环境保护问题的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个环境问题的描述和解释。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及环境保护的专业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个环境保护问题写一篇文章。考生需要了解当前的环境问题、环境保护的重要性和措施等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
14．记叙文
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"记叙文"类文章主要涉及个人或他人的经历、事件、情感等方面，通常以第一人称或第三人称的角度进行叙述。这类文章可能包括故事、回忆录、游记、传记等不同形式，考查学生对语言表达和情感态度的理解能力。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题和关键信息：阅读时要注意文章中的时间、地点、人物和事件等关键信息，并理解作者的情感态度和主题。
2.理解文章结构：记叙文通常有时间顺序、因果关系等结构特点，注意把握文章中的转折、承接等逻辑关系。
3.注意细节：阅读时要注重细节描写，这些细节可能直接或间接地反映出作者的情感和态度，也可能构成文章的线索。
4.完形填空：在完形填空题中，要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意人物性格和情感的变化以及情节的推进。
5.写作：如果要求写作记叙文，要明确人称和时态，注意事件的起承转合和人物性格的刻画。同时，运用适当的修辞手法可以增强文章的表现力。
15．议论文
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"议论文"类文章主要涉及某个观点、论点、政策或现象的讨论和论证，通常包括引言、论点、论据和结论等部分。这类文章通常以第三人称的角度进行论述，要求考生对特定观点进行分析、评价和判断。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题和论点：理解作者的观点和立场。注意文章中的主题句和关键信息，这些通常出现在文章的开头或结尾。
2.分析论点和论据：论点是文章的核心观点，论据则是支持论点的证据和理由。注意分辨论点和论据的逻辑关系，判断论据是否充分、合理。
3.评估论证过程：注意论点和论据之间的关联是否合理、逻辑是否严密。检查论据是否真实、可靠，论证过程是否存在漏洞或偏见。
4.完形填空：要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意论点和论据之间的关联以及论证过程的逻辑关系。
5.写作：要明确论点和论据，合理安排论述结构。考生需要在论证过程中使用适当的逻辑推理和证据支持自己的观点，同时注意文章的连贯性和表达方式。
16．说明文
【考点介绍】
在英语中，"说明文"类文章通常涉及对某个特定主题或观点的详细阐述。这类文章通常具有明确的目的，旨在解释某个概念、过程或观点，帮助读者更好地理解和掌握。与议论文不同的是，说明文不涉及个人观点和立场，而是侧重于客观地阐述事实和信息。
【解题思路】
1.理解主题和目的：注意文章的标题和开头段落，这可以帮助你快速了解文章的主题和作者要阐述的内容。
2.抓住主要特点：例如事物或现象的主要特点、工作原理或操作步骤等。
3.分析文章结构：通常来说，说明文会按照以下结构展开：引言（Intrductin）、主体（Bdy）和结论（Cnclusin）。
4.细节阅读：注意文章中使用的实例、数据和插图等辅助材料。
5.完形填空：要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意选项之间的逻辑关系和语法搭配，同时要结合文章的主题和内容进行推理。
6.写作：要明确主题和目的，安排好文章结构。在写作过程中，使用适当的语言表达自己的观点和解释，同时要注意语言的准确性和逻辑性。可以使用实例、数据和图表等辅助材料来支持你的观点。
17．应用文
【考点介绍】
英语中的"应用文"类语篇通常包括书信、电子邮件、备忘录、报告、申请书、新闻报道等，这些语篇通常遵循一定的格式和惯例，主要目的是为了传达信息、提出建议或请求、提供服务等。与说明文不同的是，应用文更加注重读者需求和目的，强调信息的准确性和实用性。应用文类语篇的考点主要涉及写作目的和格式的掌握，语言表达能力和语法的准确性，以及提供充分的证据来支持所述内容等方面。包含以下内容：
1.书信：书信通常包括信头、日期、收件人地址、称呼、信文、结束语和签名等部分。考点通常涉及信文的写作目的、信件格式、礼貌用语、语言表达能力和语法。
2.电子邮件：电子邮件通常包括主题、收件人地址、称呼、正文、结尾和签名等部分。考点通常涉及电子邮件的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外，电子邮件通常使用简洁明了的语言，避免使用过于复杂或正式的语言。
3.备忘录：备忘录通常包括标题、收件人地址、称呼、正文、结尾和签名等部分。考点通常涉及备忘录的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。备忘录通常使用简洁明了的语言，避免使用过于复杂或正式的语言。
4.报告：报告通常包括标题、摘要、正文和结论等部分。考点通常涉及报告的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外，报告中通常需要使用数据和事实支持结论，并使用合适的图表和图片来清晰地呈现信息。
5.申请书：申请书通常包括标题、个人资料、申请理由、证明文件和签名等部分。考点通常涉及申请书的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外，申请书中需要提供充分的申请理由，并使用合适的证明文件来支持申请。
6.新闻报道：新闻报道通常包括标题、导语、主体和结尾等部分。考点通常涉及新闻报道的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外，新闻报道中需要提供准确的信息来源和事实，避免使用主观语言和情绪化表达。
【解题思路】
1.明确目的和读者：注意文章的标题、开头和结尾，这可以帮助你了解作者要传达的信息和读者需要知道的内容。
2.抓住关键信息：例如时间、地点、人物、事件、数据等。这些信息是构成文章主体的核心内容。
3.分析文章结构：通常来说，应用文会按照以下结构展开：引言（Intrductin）、主体（Bdy）和结论（Cnclusin）。
4.注意语言表达：应用文的用词和语气通常比较正式和客观。
5.完形填空：要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意选项之间的逻辑关系和语法搭配，同时要结合文章的目的和内容进行推理。
6.写作：要明确目的和读者对象，安排好文章结构。在写作过程中，使用适当的语言表达自己的观点和信息，同时要注意语言的准确性和逻辑性。可以使用表格、图表等辅助材料来支持你的观点。
18．新闻报道
【考点介绍】
在英语中，"新闻报道"类文章通常涉及对当前事件、活动或热点话题的报道。这类文章通常由新闻记者撰写，以客观、准确、及时的方式向读者传递信息。新闻报道通常包括标题、导语、主体和结尾等部分，其中标题通常概括了文章的主题或事件，导语则提供了文章的主要信息。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题和关键信息：注意阅读标题和导语，这可以帮助你快速了解文章所报道的事件或话题。
2.了解新闻结构：新闻报道通常包括标题、导语、主体和结尾等部分。在阅读时，要了解每个部分的作用和内容。
3.细节阅读：注意阅读主体部分中的时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等细节信息。
4.辨析事实与观点：要注意区分事实和观点，避免将自己的观点与作者的观点混淆。
5.完形填空：要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意选项之间的逻辑关系和语法搭配，同时要结合文章的主题和内容进行推理。
6.写作：要注意遵循新闻报道的结构和规范。在写作过程中，使用客观、准确的语言报道事实，避免使用主观性强的词汇和表达方式。同时，要确保文章的内容真实可靠，并遵循新闻伦理和职业道德。
声明：试题解析著作权属菁优网所有，未经书面同意，不得复制发布日期：2024/11/5 16:09:23；用户：组卷59；邮箱：[email protected]；学号：41419022
Example：Academic Transcript f Jane Smith Winter 2023
Curses
Letter Grade
Grade pints
Credit hurs
Ttal pints
GPA
Creative Writing
A+
4.0
3
12
﹣
Psychlgy
A﹣
3.7
3
11.1
＝
Histry
B+
3.3
3
9.9
﹣
Cmputer Science
F
0.0
2
0
﹣
Ttal
﹣
﹣
11
33
Example：Academic Transcript f Jane Smith Winter 2023
Curses
Letter Grade
Grade pints
Credit hurs
Ttal pints
GPA
Creative Writing
A+
4.0
3
12
﹣
Psychlgy
A﹣
3.7
3
11.1
＝
Histry
B+
3.3
3
9.9
﹣
Cmputer Science
F
0.0
2
0
﹣
Ttal
﹣
﹣
11
33