寒假讲义08 阅读理解特训（巩固培优）-2026年七年级英语（全国通用）（含答案）

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寒假作业08 阅读理解特训
核心知识积累：
同学们先掌握这些核心要点，做题时才能事半功倍！下面的表格里，老师把考点、技巧和易错点都讲透了，一定要仔细看哦！
三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型
基础篇（3篇）—— 细节理解为主，夯实基础
（1）基础篇1：日常生活类
Passage 1
Last Saturday, I jined a vlunteer grup t help the elderly at Happy Hme Nursing Hme. We met at the cmmunity gate at 8:00 a.m. Befre leaving, ur leader Ms. Li tld us t be plite and patient with the ld peple.
When we arrived, the elderly were waiting fr us in the garden. I was paired with Grandma Wang, an 82-year-ld wman wh lves reading. She tld me she used t be a Chinese teacher. I helped her clean the windw f her rm first. Then, I sat with her and read a pem bk alud. She listened carefully and smetimes stpped t explain the meaning f the pems. Her vice was sft but full f passin. At nn, we had lunch tgether. I fed Grandma Wang sme rice because her hands shk a little. She smiled and said I was as kind as her granddaughter.
In the afternn, we put n a small shw fr the elderly. Sme vlunteers sang ld sngs, and thers danced. I played the guitar and sang "Yu Are My Sunshine". Grandma Wang clapped her hands ludly. Befre we left at 4:00 p.m., I gave her a handmade card with my phne number n it. I prmised t visit her next mnth.
This vlunteer wrk made me realize that the elderly need nt nly fd and care but als cmpany. I felt very happy because I culd bring warmth t them.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：
（ ）1. When did the vlunteer grup meet at the cmmunity gate?
A. At 8:00 a.m. B. At 9:00 a.m. C. At 4:00 p.m. D. At nn
（ ）2. What did the writer d first fr Grandma Wang?
A. Read pems t her B. Cleaned her windw C. Fed her lunch D. Gave her a card
（ ）3. Why did Grandma Wang say the writer was kind?
A. Because the writer sang fr her B. Because the writer helped her clean the rm
C. Because the writer fed her rice D. Because the writer made a card fr her
（ ）4. What did the writer d in the afternn shw?
A. Sang ld sngs B. Danced C. Played the guitar and sang D. Hsted the shw
（ ）5. What did the writer realize frm the vlunteer wrk?
A. The elderly need cmpany B. Vlunteering is tiring
C. Grandma Wang is lnely D. The nursing hme is clean
（2）基础篇2：校园生活类
Passage 2
My schl has a big and quiet library. It's my favrite place in the schl. There are many rules in the library, and we all need t fllw them.
First, we must be quiet in the library. We can't talk ludly r run. If we need t ask the librarian a questin, we shuld speak sftly. Secnd, we can brrw up t 3 bks at a time. Each bk can be kept fr 2 weeks. If we can't finish reading them, we need t renew them at the frnt desk. Third, we can't eat r drink in the library. Fd and drinks may make the bks dirty. Furth, we shuld put the bks back t the right place after reading. We can ask the librarian fr help if we dn't knw where t put them.
The library is pen frm 8:00 a.m. t 5:00 p.m. n weekdays. On weekends, it's nly pen in the mrning, frm 9:00 a.m. t 12:00 a.m. I ften g t the library t read strybks after class. It's a great place t learn and relax.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：
（ ）6. What's the writer's favrite place in the schl?
A. The classrm B. The library C. The playgrund D. The dining hall
（ ）7. Hw many bks can students brrw at a time?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
（ ）8. Hw lng can students keep each brrwed bk?
A. Fr 1 week B. Fr 2 weeks C. Fr 3 weeks D. Fr 4 weeks
（ ）9. When is the library pen n weekends?
A. Frm 8:00 a.m. t 5:00 p.m. B. Frm 9:00 a.m. t 12:00 a.m.
C. Frm 8:00 a.m. t 12:00 a.m. D. It's clsed n weekends
（ ）10. What can't students d in the library?
A. Read strybks B. Ask the librarian questins
C. Eat snacks D. Brrw bks
（3）基础篇3：家庭故事类
Passage 3
Last Sunday evening, my family had a big dinner at hme. My parents, my little sister and I all tk part in it. My mther cked many delicius dishes. She made my favrite fish, my father's favrite braised prk, and my sister's favrite tmat egg sup.
Befre dinner, my father helped set the table. He put plates, bwls and chpsticks n the table. My sister and I helped wash the vegetables. We talked and laughed while wrking. At 6:30 p.m., dinner started. We ate and talked happily. My father tld us a funny stry abut his childhd. My sister sang a sng fr us. She sang very well, and we all clapped ur hands.
After dinner, my sister and I cleaned the table. My father washed the dishes. My mther sat n the sfa and watched TV. We all felt happy. It was a wnderful family dinner. I lve my family.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：
（ ）11. When did the family have the big dinner?
A. Last Saturday evening B. Last Sunday evening
C. This Sunday evening D. Yesterday evening
（ ）12. What's the writer's favrite dish?
A. Fish B. Braised prk C. Tmat egg sup D. Vegetables
（ ）13. Wh helped set the table befre dinner?
A. The writer B. The writer's mther C. The writer's father D. The writer's sister
（ ）14. What time did the dinner start?
A. At 6:00 p.m. B. At 6:30 p.m. C. At 7:00 p.m. D. At 7:30 p.m.
（ ）15. What did the writer d after dinner?
A. Washed the dishes B. Watched TV
C. Cleaned the table D. Sang a sng
提高篇（3篇）—— 综合题型突破，提升能力
（1）提高篇1：科普说明类
Passage 4
Bamb is a kind f plant that grws in many parts f the wrld, especially in Asia. It is nt a tree but a grass, thugh it lks like a tree. Bamb has many amazing characteristics that make it very useful t humans.
One f the mst surprising things abut bamb is its grwth speed. Sme bamb species can grw up t 1 meter in a single day! This is much faster than mst trees. The reasn fr this fast grwth is that bamb has a special rt system. The rts spread widely and take in nutrients quickly, supprting the rapid grwth f the stem.
Bamb is als very strng. It has a higher tensile strength than steel, which means it can hld heavy weight withut breaking. Fr this reasn, bamb is used t build huses, bridges, and even furniture. In sme cuntries, bamb scafflding is used in cnstructin because it is light and easy t carry.
Anther advantage f bamb is its envirnmental friendliness. It absrbs a lt f carbn dixide (CO₂) and releases xygen, helping t fight climate change. Unlike trees, when bamb is cut dwn, it grws back quickly frm its rts, s it des nt need t be replanted. Additinally, bamb prducts are bidegradable, meaning they can break dwn naturally in the envirnment and nt cause pllutin.
Frm daily items like chpsticks and tthbrushes t large structures like bridges, bamb plays an imprtant rle in ur lives. It is truly a "green gld" fr humans.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：
（ ）16. What can we infer abut bamb frm the first paragraph?
A. It is a type f tree B. It nly grws in Asia
C. It has unique uses D. It is rare in the wrld
（ ）17. Why des bamb grw very fast?
A. It gets enugh sunlight B. It has a special rt system
C. It absrbs much water D. It is a kind f grass
（ ）18. The underlined wrd "bidegradable" in Paragraph 4 prbably means ______.
A. 可回收的 B. 可降解的 C. 可循环的 D. 可利用的
（ ）19. What is the main reasn bamb is used in cnstructin?
A. It is cheap B. It is easy t get
C. It is strng and light D. It grws quickly
（ ）20. What is the writer's attitude twards bamb?
A. Dubtful B. Critical C. Praising D. Uninterested
（2）提高篇2：文化故事类
Passage 5
Every year during the Mid-Autumn Festival, Chinese families gather tgether t eat mn cakes and admire the full mn. But d yu knw the stry behind the mn cake?
A lng time ag, in the Yuan Dynasty, the Mnglians ruled China. The peple were unhappy with the harsh rule and wanted t fight fr freedm. Hwever, it was difficult t cmmunicate secretly because the Mnglian sldiers watched everyne clsely. A wise man named Liu Bwen came up with a clever idea.
He asked peple t make special cakes with a piece f paper inside. The paper had a message: "Gather at night n the 15th day f the 8th lunar mnth t fight." He then asked peddlers t sell these cakes all ver the cuntry. The Mnglian sldiers thught they were just rdinary cakes and did nt check them. On the night f the Mid-Autumn Festival, thusands f peple gathered as planned and started the fight against the Mnglians.
After winning the fight, peple cntinued t eat mn cakes t remember this imprtant event. Over time, mn cakes became a symbl f unity and family reunin. Tday, mn cakes cme in many flavrs, such as ltus seed paste, red bean paste, and salted egg ylk. But n matter what flavr they are, the meaning f family tgetherness remains the same.
Next time yu eat a mn cake, remember the brave peple wh fught fr freedm and the lve f family behind this traditinal fd.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：
（ ）21. What is the main purpse f the first paragraph?
A. T intrduce the Mid-Autumn Festival B. T ask a questin abut mn cakes
C. T tell peple t eat mn cakes D. T describe the full mn
（ ）22. Why did peple use mn cakes t send messages?
A. Because everyne liked eating them B. Because Mnglian sldiers didn't check them
C. Because they were easy t carry D. Because they were cheap t make
（ ）23. What des the mn cake symblize tday?
A. Freedm and bravery B. Wisdm and cleverness
C. Unity and family reunin D. Happiness and success
（ ）24. Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. Liu Bwen was a Mnglian leader
B. Mn cakes had messages inside in the Yuan Dynasty
C. Peple fught n the 15th day f the 9th lunar mnth
D. Mn cakes nly have ne flavr nw
（ ）25. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. The Mid-Autumn Festival B. A Wise Man—Liu Bwen
C. The Histry f Mn Cakes D. Hw t Make Mn Cakes
（3）提高篇3：环保主题类
Passage 6
Plastic waste has becme a serius envirnmental prblem. It pllutes ceans, harms wildlife, and takes hundreds f years t break dwn. But everyne can d smething t reduce plastic waste in daily life. Here are sme practical tips:
1. Bring yur wn reusable items: Instead f using single-use plastic bags, carry a clth bag when shpping. Use a metal r glass water bttle instead f plastic nes. Fr cffee lvers, a reusable cup is a gd chice—many cafes even ffer discunts fr custmers wh bring their wn cups.
2. Avid plastic packaging: Try t buy fruits and vegetables withut plastic packaging. Fr example, chse lse carrts instead f thse in plastic bags. Yu can als use beeswax wraps t stre fd at hme, which are better than plastic wrap.
3. Say n t plastic straws and utensils: When eating ut, ask fr n plastic straw. If yu need utensils, bring a set f metal chpsticks r a spn. Sme restaurants nw prvide bamb utensils as a greener ptin.
4. Recycle prperly: Learn abut the recycling rules in yur area. Nt all plastics can be recycled. Fr example, plastic bags ften cannt be recycled in regular bins—yu need t take them t special recycling pints. Clean plastic items befre recycling t make the prcess easier.
The table belw shws the amunt f plastic waste reduced by different actins in ne mnth:
Small actins add up. If everyne fllws these tips, we can make a big difference t the envirnment.
根据短文及表格内容，完成下列题目：
26. What is the main prblem caused by plastic waste? (不超过15词)
________________________________________________________________
27. Hw can cffee lvers reduce plastic waste? (不超过10词)
________________________________________________________________
28. What can replace plastic wrap fr string fd? (不超过5词)
________________________________________________________________
29. Hw many plastic bttles can ne persn reduce by using a reusable bttle in a mnth? (直接写数字)
________________________________________________________________
30. What is the writer's advice n recycling plastic? (不超过20词)
________________________________________________________________
板块
详细解析
核心考点
①细节理解题（占比约50%）：考查时间（如at 8:00 a.m.）、地点（如in the library）、人物（如Tm/Lucy）、事件（如what sb. did）等具体信息。大家要记住，这类题答案一定在原文里，关键是找到“对应点”。
例子：题干问“What des Mary have fr breakfast?”，就找原文中“Mary”和“breakfast”同时出现的句子。
②推理判断题（占比20%-25%）：不能选原文直接说的内容，要根据原文信息“推一步”。比如原文说“Tm takes an umbrella”，只能推“it may rain”，不能推“it is raining”（太绝对）。
③ 词义猜测题（占比10%-15%）：不认识的词不用慌，看它前后的“线索”——比如but（反义）、like/such as（举例）、破折号（解释）。
常考简单词汇的语境义，比如“green”在“green fd”里是“健康的”，不是“绿色的”。
④ 主旨大意题（占比15%左右）：要找全文的“核心”，不是某一段的细节。答案大多藏在首段首句、尾段尾句，或者各段首句串联起来的意思。
⑤ 观点态度题（偶尔考）：通过文中的评价词（如happy、gd、terrible）、情态动词（如shuld、must）判断作者或人物的情感。
多考积极（praising）、中性（neutral）的态度。
解题技巧
1.细节题：“关键词定位法”（必用！）
第一步：圈题干里的“关键词”——人名、数字、特殊名词（如library、Mid-Autumn Festival）、疑问词对应的内容（what问事件、where问地点）；
第二步：带着关键词回原文“扫读”，找到包含关键词的句子（定位句）；
第三步：比对选项和定位句，找“同义转换”的选项（常见：like=lve、g t schl=arrive at schl）。
2.推理题：“排除法”（保命技巧！）
第一步：先排除两种选项——① 原文直接说的（不是推断）；② 绝对化的（must/nly/never，上册几乎不选）；
第二步：剩下的选项结合全文主旨判断，哪个更合理就选哪个。
3.词义题：“语境分析法”重点看生词前后的信号词：
- 反义：but（如“Tm is tall, but his brther is shrt.” 不认识shrt，可通过but和tall推断是“矮的”）；
- 举例：such as/fr example（如“Sme fruits, such as apples and bananas, are healthy.” 不认识fruits，可通过举例推断是“水果”）；
- 解释：破折号/that is（如“He is a vegetarian — he desn't eat meat.” 可通过解释推断vegetarian是“素食者”）。
4.主旨题：“首尾句概括法”
第一步：读首段首句和尾段尾句，抓住核心话题（如全文都在讲“mn cakes”，核心话题就是月饼）；
第二步：排除“局部细节选项”（只讲某一段内容的，比如全文讲月饼，选项只讲一个与人相关的故事，就不选）；
第三步：选能涵盖“核心话题+作者意图”的选项（如“The Histry f Mn Cakes”）。
易错提醒
①细节题“偷换概念”：选项和原文关键词“长得像但意思不同”，比如常考的brrw（借进）和lend（借出）——原文说“I brrw a bk frm Tm”，选项写成“I lend a bk t Tm”，一字之差，答案就错了！一定要逐词比对。
②推理题“过度推断”：脱离原文瞎想！比如原文说“It's cludy tday”，不能推断“It will rain heavily”，只能推断“It may rain”。记住：推断要“有依据”，不能“加戏”。
③主旨题“以偏概全”：把某一段的细节当全文主旨。比如全文讲“我的校园生活”，包含教室、图书馆、操场的内容，选项只说“我的教室”，就错了。
④词义题“望文生义”：只看单词表面意思，忽略上下文。比如“green”在“green jb”里不是“绿色的工作”，结合上下文“envirnmental prtectin”（环保），应该是“环保的工作”。
⑤ 通用错误：“不看题干要求”比如题干问“Which is NOT true?”，粗心选成“Which is true?”。做题时一定要圈题干里的“NOT/except/不超过X词”。
Actin
Plastic Waste Reduced (per persn)
Using clth bags
15 plastic bags
Using reusable water bttles
20 plastic bttles
Saying n t straws
30 plastic straws