高考英语一轮复习讲义练习Unit 1　Honesty and responsibility

这是一份高考英语一轮复习讲义练习Unit 1　Honesty and responsibility，共8页。

① make an appintment with sb. 与某人约定
② appint vt. 任命，委任；安排，确定(时间、地点)
appint sb. t d sth. 任命某人做某事
appint sb. as... 任命某人为……
③ appinted adj. 事先约定好的；指定的
【写作金句】 Learning he was appinted as head f the team, he culdn't cntain his excitement and danced int the huse. 得知他被任命为小组组长后，他无法掩饰自己的激动，手舞足蹈地进了家。 (动作和情感描写)
tear dwn 拆毁，拆除
tear apart 撕毁；撕碎
tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等)
tear neself away (frm) 依依不舍地离开
tear sth. pen撕开某物
tear sth. in tw将某物撕成两半
tear sth. ff 把……撕掉/扯掉
be trn 在……和……之间左右为难
【写作金句】 N cnclusin will be reached whether t tear dwn the ld buildings fr a theme park until several discussins have been made.
在进行几次讨论之后，才能就是否拆除旧建筑作为主题公园得出结论。(报道)
lse cntact 失去联系
get in/make cntact with 与……取得联系
lse cntact with 与……失去联系
keep in cntact with 与……保持联系
be in/ut f cntact with 与……有/没有联系
【写作金句】 The Wrld Exp is mre like a platfrm fr cultural exchange, bringing peple int clser cntact with the rest f the wrld. 世博会更像是一个文化交流的平台，让人们与世界其他地方更紧密地联系。(报道)
reliable /rɪ'laɪəbl/ adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
① reliably adv. 可靠地
② reliability n. 可靠性；可信度
③ rely n/upn sb. t d sth. 依靠某人做某事
rely n it that从句 相信……；指望……
【写作金句】 [译林选必四U1P14]Being hnest and taking respnsibility mean that yu are trustwrthy, cnsistent and reliable. 诚实负责意味着你值得信赖、始终如一、可靠。(主旨升华)
suspect /sə'spekt/ vt. & vi. 疑有，觉得；怀疑
/'sʌspekt/ n. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象
① suspect sb./sth. 怀疑某人或某事
suspect sb. f ding sth. 怀疑某人做某事
suspect that从句 怀疑……
② suspicin n. 怀疑；嫌疑
【写作金句】 [北师选必三U9P66]The DNA is stred in a database, where plicemen can find the same r similar DNA t track dwn suspects and victims. DNA存储在数据库中，警察可以在里面找到相同或相似的DNA来追踪嫌疑人和受害者。(报道)
resign /rɪ'zaɪn/ vt. & vi. 辞职，辞去
① resign frm 从……辞职
resign as... 辞去……的职务
resign neself t (ding) sth. 听任；只好接受；顺从
② resignatin n. 辞职；辞职信
③ resigned adj. 逆来顺受的；顺从的
be resigned t (ding) sth. 屈服于……
【写作金句】 [人教选必四U4P40]One f my dreams is t wrk in Africa and cntinue t help the disabled after I resign frm my jb. 我的梦想之一是辞职后去非洲工作，继续帮助残疾人。(申请信)
guilty /'ɡɪlti/ adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
① be guilty f sth. 犯有……罪
be/feel guilty abut sth. 对……感到内疚
② guilt n. 内疚；犯罪；罪责
ut f guilt 出于愧疚
【写作金句】 “But I have cheated my grandmther，” she said, and tears f guilt flwed dwn her cheeks. 她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶。”内疚的泪水顺着她的脸颊流了下来。(情感描写)
ashamed /ə'ʃeɪmd/ adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
① be ashamed f (ding) sth. 因(做了)某事而感到羞愧
be ashamed t d sth. 耻于做某事
be ashamed that从句 对……感到内疚
② shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
t ne's shame 令某人惭愧的是
It's a shame that从句 ……真让人遗憾。
What a shame/pity! 真可惜！
③ shameful adj. 可耻的，丢脸的
【写作金句】 [外研必修三U1P2]Embarrassed and ashamed, I can't cncentrate n anything. 我感到尴尬和羞愧，无法专注于任何事情。(求助信)
disappinted /ˌdɪsə'pɔɪntɪd/ adj. 失望的，沮丧的
① be disappinted with/in sb. 对某人失望
be disappinted at/by sth. 对某事失望
be disappinted t d sth. 对某事感到失望
② disappint vt. 使失望
③ disappinting adj. 令人失望的
④ disappintment n. 失望；使人失望的人/事物
t ne's disappintment 令某人失望的是
【写作金句】 [人教必修三U4P41]Hwever, while such disasters brught much sadness and disappintment, the desire t explre the universe did nt die. 然而，虽然这些灾难带来许多伤心和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望不会磨灭。(主旨升华)
pretend /prɪ'tend/ vt. & vi. 假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
pretendeq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t be＋adj./n. 假装是……,t d sth. 假装做某事,t be ding sth. 假装正在做某事,t have dne sth. 假装做了某事,that从句 假装……))
【写作金句】 I really hpe yu can adjust yur emtin and dn't pretend t be happy every day.
我真的希望你能调整你的情绪，不要每天都假装很开心。(建议信)
mercy /'mɜːsi/ n. 仁慈，宽恕
① at the mercy f 任……处置；对……无能为力
shw mercy t 怜悯……
have mercy n 对……表示怜悯
withut mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地
② merciful adj. 宽大的，仁慈的
be merciful t sb. 对某人仁慈
【写作金句】 [译林选必四U1P11]A ship withut an anchr is at the mercy f the waves and winds; likewise, a persn wh has n sense f respnsibility is at the mercy f their wn careless and thughtless behaviur. 没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。(主旨升华)
discuraged /dɪs'kʌrɪdʒd/ adj. 灰心的，泄气的
① discurage vt. 使灰心，使泄气；阻拦，劝阻
discurage sb. frm ding sth. 劝阻某人做某事
② discuragement n. 泄气，灰心；阻拦，劝阻
③ discuraging adj. 令人泄气的
【写作金句】 Dn't get discuraged; the rad t yur dreams may nt be an easy ne. 不要气馁！通往梦想的道路并不平坦。(主旨升华)
weigh n sb./sth. 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
① weigh up 权衡，斟酌
weigh ut 称出(一定重量的东西)
weigh sb. dwn 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡
② weight n. 重量，分量
by weight 按重量
lse weight 减肥
put n weight 增肥
【写作金句】 Life is full f challenges and puzzling. Hwever, as lng as yu believe in the true, the gd and the beautiful and hld yur grund, yu wn't be weighed dwn. 生活充满挑战，令人困惑，但是，只要你相信真、善、美的存在，并坚守立场，就不会感到焦虑沮丧。(主旨升华)
[后练习]
考点1 appintment的相关用法
① I have smething urgent t handle and therefre，I have t cancel the (appint) with yu, and I will appint my brther (pick) yu up at the airprt.
② (appint) as president f the university yesterday, he is giving a speech n the platfrm nw.
③ [写作迁移]我需要和我的医生做个预约，讨论一下我最近出现的一些令人担忧的症状。
I need t my dctr t discuss sme trubling symptms I've been experiencing lately.
考点2 tear dwn及其拓展短语的相关用法
① S addicted are many students t nline games that they find it difficult t tear (they) away frm them.
② He was s angry that he tre the letter tw.
③ (tear) between traditinal fun and clear air, the public vted fr the latter.
④ I tre the wrapping paper and fund a cup inside.
考点3 lse cntact及其拓展短语的相关用法
① I the sldier ten years ag, and we have each ther fr ten years. In my view, we will never each ther again.
② [人教必修一U2P27]Fr mre brchures abut ther package turs arund Peru, please (联系我们) n ur fficial website.
③ [写作迁移·外研选必二U6P94]我被困在了沙尘暴中，和他们失去了联系。

考点4 reliable的相关用法
① [外研必修三U6P86]S, fr accurate and (rely) predictins, it's best t check an fficial, scientific reprt.
② Nwadays parents have dne everything fr their children, which makes the children rely their parents heavily.
③ [写作迁移]当面临困难时，你最好不要总是指望别人会帮助你。


考点5 suspect的相关用法
① The man (suspect) f shting 6 schl children was caught by the plice.
② Pilcher (suspect) f giving away gvernment secrets t the enemy.
③ [北师选必三U9P66]Plice questined several (suspect), but they culdn't identify the persn wh killed the girl.
考点6 resign的相关用法
① We had t resign urselves t (make) a lss n the sale.
② I resigned the freign cmpany in rder t take a mre challenging jb.
③ Bb Mrgan has ffered his (resign) and it has been accepted.
④ [写作迁移]经过慎重考虑，我已决定辞去学生会主席一职。


考点7 guilty的相关用法
① [北师选必一U2P32]This wrried me a lt and I felt very (guilt) being a rich man withut ding anything.
② [写作迁移]出于愧疚，我向老师解释并保证这种事情不会再发生。


考点8 ashamed的相关用法
① We are ften ashamed ur shrtcmings, ur mistakes and ur failures.
② I was nce ashamed (admit) my weakness, but nw I have n such feeling.
③ Yu shuld be f yur behaviur at the pening ceremny. (shame)
④ [写作迁移·外研必修三U1P6]安妮在课堂上受到表扬，她感到既高兴又惭愧。


考点9 disappinted的相关用法
① [外研必修三U1P11]Perhaps we are in fact lying t prtect urselves frm the (disappint) and anger f thers.
② [北师选必二U6P52]There are many times I have been pessimistic abut r even (disappint) by a film f a bk I lve.
③ She was disappinted (find) herself failing again in the driving test.
④ [写作迁移]她对待朋友态度粗鲁，这使她母亲既失望又恼怒。
She treated her friend , .
考点10 pretend的相关用法
① The naughty by pretended (read) when the headmaster came int the classrm.
② [人教必修一U3P41]I agree with the idea that a sccer player shuld never pretend (fall) dwn even if it helps his r her team.
③ [写作迁移]学习上遇到困难时，我们不应该不懂装懂。
When faced with difficulties in learning, we shuld nt .
考点11 mercy的相关用法
① When the hurricane struck the cast, the whle twn was the mercy f the big wave.
② I never have mercy vercnfident peple because they can always cmfrt themselves.
③ Nichlas was very kind, (mercy) and generus.
考点12 discuraged的相关用法
① Tday's reprt is rather mre (discurage) fr the ecnmy.
② [人教必修二U5P56]I was very afraid and I felt s alne and (discurage)．
③ Despite all these (discurage), she refused t give up.
④ [写作迁移]他的父母试图阻止他出国，但没有成功。


考点13 weigh n sb./sth.及其拓展短语的相关用法
① T smebdy is t make smebdy anxius r wrried.
② Yu shuld the cnsequences befre making this decisin.
③ This is why yu shuld flur using a kitchen scale.
substantial /səb'stænʃl/ A. adj. 大量的，价值巨大的 B. adj. 结实的，牢固的
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [外研选必二U5P68]Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused sme land t cllapse, and killed a substantial number f penguins.
② The huse built with bricks, steel and cncrete is substantial.
burden /'bɜːdn/ A. n. (义务、责任等的)重担，负担 B. vt. (使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① It is the test system that is respnsible fr the heavy burden f middle schl students nwadays.
② [译林选必四U1P11改]Hpefully, yu have learnt t treat respnsibility nt as a weight that burdens yu.
bw /bəʊ/ A. n. 弓 B. n. 鞠躬
/bau/ C. vt. 低(头)，垂(首) D. vi. 鞠躬
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① He was a her wh was able t sht dwn a flying eagle with a bw and arrw.
② He gave a graceful bw t the audience after the perfrmance.
③ The sldiers bwed their heads in respectful silence as the funeral prcessin went by.
④ [人教选必一U4P38]Elsewhere, peple favur shaking hands, bwing frm the waist, r ndding the head when they meet smene else.
frgive /fə'ɡɪv/ A. vt. & vi. 原谅，宽恕
B. vt. 免除(债务)
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [人教选必四U3P32]If we d nt prtect it, future generatins will nt frgive us.
② The gvernment has agreed t frgive a large part f the debt.
cheat /tʃiːt/ A. vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 B. vi. 作弊，舞弊 C. n. (尤指游戏中的)作弊者，骗子
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必四U1P8]Hwever, I felt cheated and it really depressed me.
② If yu cheat in the exam, yu culd hardly get away with it.
③ What he said suggested that he was a cheat.
likewise /'laɪkwaɪz/ A. adv. 同样地
B. adv. 也，而且
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [北师必修一U1P14] Likewise, his friends all left his hmetwn fr wrk in Shanghai r Beijing.
② Her secnd marriage was likewise unhappy.
embrace /ɪm'breɪs/ A. vt. 欣然接受
B. vt. 包含 C. vt. & vi. 拥抱
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① They embraced and prmised t keep in tuch with each ther.
② [外研必修二U2P27]I dn't understand why sme peple refuse t embrace the change.
③ The talks embraced a wide range f issues.
it作形式主语
【课本原句】 Hnured guests, teachers and students, it is my pleasure and privilege t welcme yu here tday and present my thughts n this special ccasin. 尊敬的来宾、老师、同学们，我很高兴和荣幸欢迎你们今天来到这里，并在这个特别的场合表达我的想法。
① “It is/was＋adj./n.＋(fr sb.) t d sth.”句型中it作形式主语，(fr sb.) t d sth.作真正的主语。
② 动词不定式短语在句中作主语，如果谓语部分比较短，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放到句末，这样可以避免头重脚轻。
【写作迁移】 用it作形式主语翻译句子
① 在这么短的时间内完成这项任务对他来说是困难的。


② 很荣幸能在这里和大家分享我对京剧的看法。


③ 当父母变老了，照顾他们是我的责任。