高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES

这是一份高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES，共25页。
Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten when an accident happened.A pregnant wman tripped ver and this，her first respnse was t cnduct first aid，but a passer­by 2.whispered t her “Think twice.” She was in a mral dilemma．After a shrt hesitatin，she chse t send the wman t a 3.clinic.A physician wh had just retired came t assist her.Hwever，her mther spke sharp wrds and 4.cmplained abut this fr fear f a blackmail(敲诈)．Li Hua became scared．A chain f terrible thughts flashing thrugh her mind，she was almst in despair，and therefre culd nt sleep until midnight．Her father's wrds carried her thrugh the hard time.“Patients tend t entrust a dctr with life and a dctr will save a patient with all the might．What is mre 5.precius than life? Hw can yu reject yur duty and ignre yur 6.principles？” The fllwing day，she fund the pregnant wman's husband waiting in frnt f her classrm.He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears．At last，her tensin was replaced with pride.
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提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
eq \a()重难考点
1 respnd vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应(→respnse n．回答；回复；反应)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Surprised by her respnse (respnd)，I left with a mixture f gratitude，humility，respect and shame.
②I am writing in respnse t yur last letter asking me fr advice n hw t apply fr a schlarship．
[能力提升]——微写作
③每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。
Every time I asked him fr advice，he wuld respnd t/make a respnse t me immediately．(人物介绍)
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(1)respnd t 对……做出回应或反应；答复
(2)in respnse t 对……的答复；对……做出反应
make a/n respnse t
对……做出回应/不予回答
[语料积累] He was smiling and respnding in pride, lking back at her as if t say, “Yu gt that right.” (语言、动作描写)
他微笑着，自豪地回应，回头看着她，好像在说：“你说得对。”
2 appint vt.任命；委派(→appintment n．约会；任命；预约；委任→appinted adj.约定的；指定的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I have smething urgent t handle and therefre，I will appint my brther t meet(meet) yu at the airprt.
[能力提升]——微写作
②得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that yu have been appinted as/t be chairman f the student cuncil，I sincerely cngratulate yu.(祝贺信)
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(1)appint sb.as/t be… 任命某人为……
appint sb.t d sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)make/have an appintment (with sb.)(与某人)约会/预约
[语料积累] (2021·北京卷)We have made an appintment t g ut this weekend, but I'm s srry that I can't keep my prmise.(道歉信)
我们曾约定这个周末一起外出，但很抱歉我无法遵守诺言了。
3 tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于(→tendency n．趋势；趋向)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①She has a tendency (tend) t verthink small details.
[能力提升]——微写作
②在传统节日期间，中国人往往与家人团聚，共享美食和故事。
During traditinal festivals, Chinese peple tend t gather with their families, sharing meals and stries.(节日介绍)
③每当我妹妹生病时，我妈妈都会照料她。
Whenever my little sister feels sick，my mther tends t her．(动作描写)
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(1)tend t d… 倾向于做……；往往做……
tend t sb./sth. 照料；照管；护理
(2)have a tendency t d… 有做……的倾向
[语料积累] ①tend her garden and water the flwers(人物介绍)
照料着她的花园，给花儿浇水
②In recent years, there has been a tendency fr peple t fcus mre n their mental health.(现象介绍)
近年来，人们越来越倾向于关注自己的心理健康。
4 scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓(→scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①After watching a scary(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared f walking hme alne and therefre，she called a taxi.
②One f the ld custms during the New Year is setting ff firewrks，which is said t scare away the mnster Nian.
[能力提升]——微写作
③意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲那张阴云密布的脸。
Having realized my mistake，I bwed my head timidly, scared t lk at my father's cludy face．(心理描写)
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(1)scare sb.int ding sth. 恐吓某人做某事
scare (…) away (把……)吓跑
(2)be scared t d sth. 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared f sb./sth. 害怕某人/某事
be scared t death 吓得要死
[语料积累] As sn as I saw the bear returning with a scary lk in its eyes, I was nearly scared t death, frzen in place by terrr.(动作描写)
当我看到那只熊带着令人恐惧的眼神再次出现时，我惊恐地呆在原地，几乎被吓死了 。
5 replace vt.接替；取代；更换
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Due t diet restrictins, yu can replace the sugar with/by anther material in this recipe.
②After an injury, Thmpsn is expected t replace Williams as the defence.
③Electric cars are starting t take the place f traditinal nes fr a cleaner future.
[能力提升]——微写作
④在教室里，当她最好的朋友缺席时，简总是坐在她的位置上，让这个座位充满了温暖和回忆。
In her classrm, Jane always sat in place f her best friend when she was absent, keeping the seat warm and filled with memries.(情感描写)
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(1)replace sth.with/by sth. 用某物替换某物
replace sb.as… 取代某人成为……
(2)in place f sb./sth. 代替；顶替
take sb.'s/sth.'s place＝take the place f sb./sth. 代替；替换
[语料积累] ①replace his brken ld bicycle with a new ne fr his birthday(动作描写)
在他生日时给他换一辆新的自行车来替代那辆旧的坏掉的
②I'm srry fr breaking yur vase by accident．I prmise t replace it as sn as pssible.(道歉信)
很抱歉无意之中打破了你的花瓶。我保证会尽快换掉它。
6 whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①He gently whispered the shcking fact in her ear t avid disturbing the ther reading peple in the library.
②It was whispered (whisper) amng the curius neighbrs that Mrs Jhnsn might sell her lvely huse and mve t the city.
[能力提升]——微写作
③在早高峰时段拥挤不堪的火车上，莎拉紧张地对马克低声说她觉得他们错过站点了。
On the extremely crwded train during the early mrning rush, Sarah nervusly whispered t Mark that she thught they had missed their stp.(神态描写)
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(1)whisper t sb. 与某人耳语
whisper sth.in ne's ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事
It is/was whispered that… 据传闻……
(2)in a whisper/whispers 耳语地；低声地
[语料积累] “I can't believe the twist in the plt！” exclaimed Sarah, fllwing it in a whisper as she remembered they were in a theater.(语言、动作描写)
“我简直不敢相信剧情的这个转折！”莎拉叫道，然后突然意识到他们在剧院里，于是压低了声音。
7 assist vt.帮助；援助(→assistance n．帮助；援助→assistant n．助手；助理)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I am writing t cnvey my sincere gratitude t yur shp assistant wh came t my assistance when I fainted in yur shp.(assist)
[能力提升]——微写作
②作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。
In respnse t yur last letter，I make sure that I will assist yu with yur ral English．Firstly, I will assist yu t crrect yur prnunciatin.(建议信)
③在你的帮助下，我将为会议做充分的准备。
With yur assistance, I will make full preparatins fr the meeting.(感谢信)
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(1)assist sb.t d sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb.with/in sth. 在某方面帮助某人
(2)cme/g t ne's assistance 来/去援助某人
with the assistance f… 在……的帮助下
[语料积累] (2023·天津3月卷)Whether it's helping a classmate with their studies, assisting a teacher with classrm duties, r vlunteering fr cmmunity services, Zhang Jian is always there t lend a hand.(人物介绍)
无论是帮助同学学习、协助老师管理班级，还是参加社区志愿服务，张健都积极地参与其中。
8 harm n．& vt.伤害；损害(→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①Peter might lk a bit fierce, but actually he's fairly harmless(harm)．
②Being addicted t nline games is harmful t/des harm t (对……有害)ur physical and mental health.Therefre, there is n harm in getting rid f it(戒掉它没有害处)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
③众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。
→It is knwn t us that eating t much junk fd des harm t ur health．(harm n．)
→It is knwn t us that eating t much junk fd is harmful t ur health．(harmful)
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(1)d sb.harm/d harm t sb. 对某人有害
There is n harm (in) ding sth. 做某事无害处。
(2)be harmful t 对……有害
[语料积累] ①wear prper gear t avid harm t yur bdy(活动介绍)
穿戴适当的装备，以避免对身体造成伤害
②make sure they aren't harmful t the envirnment(环境保护)
确保它们对环境无害
③I cupped my hand ver the phne，whispering t her that I meant n harm．(动作描写)
我用手捂住电话，低声告诉她我没有恶意。
9 carry sb.thrugh sth.帮助某人渡过难关
[基础检测]——用carry的相关短语填空
①It was evident frm the first that he never intended t carry ut his prmise.
②Jhn carried n with the business when the war was ver.
③Jane carried ff all the prizes，which made her parents prud.
[能力提升]——微写作
④家人的关爱帮助她度过了那段艰难的岁月。
Her family members' lve and care carried her thrugh thse tugh years/times.
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carry n 开展；举行；进行(生意、谈话等)
carry ut 实施；实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等)
carry n ding sth./with sth. 继续做某事(相当于g n with)
carry ff 赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等)
carry sth. thrugh 成功完成，顺利实现
[语料积累] There's n pint in starting the task unless yu're prepared t carry it thrugh t the end.(建议信)
如果你不准备干到底的话，动手做这一工作是毫无意义的。
10 in memry f 作为对……的纪念
[基础检测]——用in的相关短语填空
①In case f fire, ring the alarm bell.
②Yu shuld keep calm even in face f danger.
③I'll be in charge f the whle factry next week when the directr is away.
④Hearing abut his idea, sme were in favur f his suggestin, but thers were strngly against it.
[能力提升]——句式改写
⑤The museum was set up as a memrial t thse wh died in the disaster.
→The museum was set up in memry f thse wh died in the disaster.(同义句改写)
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in hnur f 为了纪念；为向……表示敬意
in terms f 谈及；就……而言；在……方面
in charge f 负责；掌管
in case f 万一
in face f 面临；面对
in favur f 支持，赞同
[语料积累] (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)We held a series f activities in memry f the dctrs wh gave their lives t the cuntry.(活动介绍)
我们举办了一系列的活动来纪念那些为了国家而献出生命的医生。
11 句型公式：先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
(教材原句)A mral dilemma is a situatin in which yu have tw r mre difficult chices t make.
道德困境是指你面临两个或更多让你很难做出选择的情况。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(2024·浙江1月卷)Then she cncentrated n jgging t the spt where the track curved.
②Thugh they rejected ur prpsal, there was ne pint that/which we must insist n.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③Tday, we'll discuss a number f cases.Beginners f English fail t use the language prperly in these cases.
→Tday, we'll discuss a number f cases where/in which beginners f English fail t use the language prperly．(定语从句)
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(1)当先行词是stage、pint、case、situatin、psitin、 jb、business、scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺少状语时，用where或in which 来引导定语从句；
(2)抽象名词后面的定语从句若缺少主语或宾语，则用 that/which 来引导。
[语料积累] The teenager gave a detailed descriptin f the scene where he narrwly escaped being hit by a passing car.
这个青少年详细地描述了他险些被一辆路过的汽车撞到的情景。
12 句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
(教材原句)T a persn nthing is mre precius than their life...
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
[基础检测]——微写作
①我以前从未遇到过比他更热心肠的人。
I have never met a mre kind－hearted persn than him befre.(人物描写)
[能力提升]——句式改写
②We d believe that yu are the mst suitable fr this cmpetitin.
→We d believe that there is n ne mre suitable than yu fr this cmpetitin.(同义句改写)
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“否定词＋比较级”结构中常用的否定词有n，n ne，nt，never，nthing，nbdy等。
[语料积累] (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“I have never had a mre delicius breakfast than this ne！” the mther respnded excitedly.(语言、动作描写)
“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。
eq \a()拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．She was in tears when she read the heartfelt letter frm her best friend.
2．Mve this bx r smene might trip ver it.
3．I'm writing t cmplain abut/f my recent trip t Australia thrugh yur travel agency.
4．Typically，fishing is a hbby which calls fr a great deal f patience.
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1．trip ver 被……绊倒
2．cmplain (t sb.) abut/f sth. (向某人)抱怨某事
3．a great deal (f) 大量
4．in tears 流着泪；含着泪
5．in a dilemma 处于困境中
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——形容词后缀­ic/­(a)tic
形容词后缀­ic/­(a)tic表示“属于……的；具有……性质的”。例如本单元中的单词：energetic (adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的)是由名词energy(精力)将y变e＋后缀­tic转化而来。形容词后缀­ic/­(a)tic的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The schl hlds peridic meetings with parents t discuss students' prgress and address any cncerns.adj. 定期的；周期的
2．There was a dramatic change in the weather, with the sunny sky turning dark and strmy in minutes. adj. 巨大的
3．The scientist tk a systematic apprach t the experiment, carefully dcumenting each step and result. adj. 系统的
4．She was very sympathetic t her friend's situatin and ffered t help in any way she culd. adj. 有同情心的
5．Her ptimistic attitude helps her stay psitive even when things dn't g as planned. adj. 乐观的
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板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．sharp
(1)(2023·浙江1月卷)Suddenly，Ziyad let ut a sharp cry.Within secnds，he'd slid dwn the trunk and was back n the grund.F
(2)Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening thrughut the twn.A
(3)I was appraching a fairly sharp bend that swept dwnhill t the left.E
(4)She planned t unlck the shp at 8：00 sharp the next mrning.D
(5)(2021·北京卷)I gt a seat ppsite a middle­aged man with sharp eyes，wh kept watching a yung wman in a windw seat with a little by n her lap.B
(6)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was cutting ptates.C
2．retire
(1)(2023·全国乙卷)Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical prfessin living and wrking as a man.B
(2)She retired frm the cmpetitin after pulling a leg muscle.A
(3)After dinner ur hst said, “Shall we retire t the drawing rm？”C
(4)It had been a lng day, s I retired early.D
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(1)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Christmas Day services perate t a Christmas Day timetable.v. 运转
(2)The state als cleared the way fr cmpanies t sell r rent ut self－driving cars, and fr cmpanies t perate driverless taxi services.v. 操纵
(3)(2023·浙江1月卷)InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw－impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land.v. 经营，运营
[点拨]perate (熟义) vi.动手术。此处(1)意为“运转”，(2)意为“操纵”，(3)意为“经营，运营”。
2．But he's nervus.“I'm here t tell yu tday why yu shuld…shuld…” Chris trips n the “－ld”， a prnunciatin difficulty fr many nn－native English speakers.v. 讲话磕巴
[点拨]trip (熟义) n．旅行 vi. 绊，绊倒。此处意为“讲话磕巴”。
3．There is always a chance that the bdy will reject the transplant.v. 排斥，排异(移植的器官)
[点拨]reject (熟义) vt.拒绝接受；不录用。此处意为“排斥，排异(移植的器官)”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/
单元语法(动词­ing形式作宾补和状语)
1．In respnse t the grwing cncerns abut pllutin, the schl started a campaign t reduce waste and encurage recycling.
2．They appinted Emma t rganize (rganize) the schl play, knwing she had a talent fr directing and managing events.
3．Peple tend t be (be) mre prductive in the mrning when they are well­rested and fcused.
4．The by was scared t ride (ride) the rller caster, but his friends encuraged him, and he ended up enjying it.
5．The teacher assisted the students t cmplete (cmplete) the science experiment by explaining each step carefully and prviding guidance.
6．Eating t much junk fd can be harmful (harm) t yur health, leading t besity and ther serius cnditins.
7．As the ld saying ges, “A wrkman must sharpen (sharp) his tls if he is t d his wrk well.”
8．After dressing up, he sat clse t his friend, whispering (whisper) smething t him.
9．The majrity (majr) f students shw great respect fr their teachers.
10．Listening t music at hme is ne thing；ging t hear it being perfrmed (perfrm) live is quite anther.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．她是第一个到达聚会的人。
She was the first persn t arrive at the party．(人物描写)
2．据传闻，新老师能流利地讲三种语言。
It was whispered that the new teacher culd speak three languages fluently．(人物介绍)
3．几十年来，这座老房子见证了几代人的生活。
Over the decades, the ld huse witnessed the lives f several generatins．(地点描写)
4．The sun set behind the hills, and the campers prepared fr a peaceful night under the stars.(场景描写)
→The sun setting behind the hills, the campers prepared fr a peaceful night under the stars．(独立主格)
5．Winning the first place in the schl cmpetitin was the mst exciting.(事件介绍)
→Nthing was mre exciting than winning the first place in the schl cmpetitin．(变为“否定词＋比较级”)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
There are many respectable peple arund first t cme t my mind(我首先想到的；序数词作主语) is Uncle Li.
He has been hired as a guard in ur cmmunity since a decade ag.Thugh his wrk may be bring, 2.he never cmplains abut it and tends t be energetic(他从不抱怨，总是精力充沛) nly des he carry n wrking but he als spends a great deal f time assisting thse in need(他不仅坚持工作，还花大量时间帮助需要帮助的人；nt nly…but als…倒装句)．
Therefre, he has been elected as a rle mdel in ur cmmunity because f his virtues and cntributins.
维度二 读后续写微技能13——动作细节描
写：“头部”动作
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。
I walked slwly t the bus, my head dwn, tears in my eyes．(独立主格结构)
2．乔迅速抬起头看，好像要说话，但她改变了主意。
J lked up quickly, as if abut t speak, but changed her mind．(名篇《小妇人》)
3．他回到家，把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。
When he gt hme, he buried his head under the quilt, pretending t be asleep．
4．我站起身来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。
I rse t my feet, sat clse t my mther, rested my head n her shulder and culdn't help weeping．
5．她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。
Her students' reactin was quick and crrect—they mved under their desks, head first, and held n t the legs f the desks. (译林版必修三U2)
任务2 语段表达
During the math test, Jamie felt cnfused and 1.began t scratch his head (开始挠他的头), trying t remember the frmulas. Each time he lked at a difficult questin, 2.he wuld drp his head (他就会低头), feeling verwhelmed. Beside him, Mia was deep in thught, 3.her head buried in her hands (她双手抱头), as if islating herself frm distractins. When the teacher annunced that nly five minutes remained, Jamie glanced at Mia, wh suddenly lked up and 4.ndded at him (对他点了点头), as if encuraging him t keep ging. Jamie smiled weakly and 5.shk his head (摇头), dubting if he culd finish in time. But inspired by Mia's gesture, he refcused and cntinued.
————基础默测—————
eq \a() 默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．kindergarten n. 学前班；幼儿园
2．insurance n. 保险；保险业
3．exprt n. 出口；出口商品 vt. 出口；输出；传播
4．mral adj. 道德的；道义上的 n. 品行；道德；寓意
5．dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困境
6．physician n. 医师；(尤指)内科医生
7．ple n. (行星的)极；地极
8．pregnant adj. 怀孕的；妊娠的
9．disguise vt. 装扮；假扮；掩盖 n. 伪装；化装用具
10．might n. 力量；威力
二、核心单词写得准
1．principle n. 道德原则；法则；原则
2．passive adj. 被动的；顺从的
3．unin n. 协会；联合会；工会
4．decade n. 十年；十年期
5．virtue n. 高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
6．precius adj. 珍稀的；宝贵的
7．whisper vi. & vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语 n. 耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
8．chain n. 一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
9．despair n. 绝望 vi. 绝望；感到无望
10．therefre adv. 因此；所以
三、拓展单词通变化
1．marry v. (和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→marriage n. 结婚；婚姻
2．schlar n. 学者→schlarship n. 奖学金
3．tend vt. 照顾；照料 vi. 倾向；趋于→tendency n. 趋势；趋向
4．sharp adj. (增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv. 急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt. 削尖；磨快；(使)提高
5．accident n. 事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj. 意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv. 偶然地
6．memry n. 记忆力；回忆→memriz(s)e vt. 记住；记忆
7．harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害→harmful adj. 有害的→harmfully adv. 有害地→harmless adj. 无害的
8．tense adj. 紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n. (动词的)时态→tensin n. 紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
9．appint vt. 任命；委派→appintment n. 约会；任命；委任→appinted adj. 约定的；指定的
10．flexible adj. 灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv. 灵活地→flexibility n. 灵活性
四、重点词块明搭配
1．carry sb.thrugh sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
2．tend t d sth. 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3．pass away 去世
4．in memry f 作为对……的纪念
5．in tears 流着泪；含着泪
6．trip ver 被……绊倒
7．in despair 处于绝望中
8．a great deal (f) 大量
9．mral dilemma 道德困境
10．entrust me with that life 把生命托付给我
五、教材佳句会运用
1．对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了…… (否定词和比较级连用表示最高级)
T a persn nthing is mre precius than their life…
2．她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。(不定式短语作后置定语)
She immediately became the first wman ever t be hired as a resident physician in the OB­GYN department f the PUMC Hspital.
3．中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。(无灵主语句)
The new Peple's Republic f China saw Dr Lin Qiazhi playing a key rle.
4．过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。(独立主格)
After a while, a grup f wmen came alng, each balancing a pt f water n her head．
eq \a() 基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．His virtues (美德) f hnesty and being utspken are setting an example fr the yunger generatin.
2．Time is the mst precius (宝贵的) and nce lst, it can never be regained.
3．Their marriage was mre than a unin (联合) f tw individuals; it was a mixture f tw families, bringing them tgether in shared lve and respect.
4．Students shuld nt be passive (被动的) receivers f knwledge, but active participants in their learning prcess.
5．He leaned ver t whisper (耳语) a secret int her ear, making sure n ne else culd hear.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Handling custmer cmplaints (cmplain) in a calm and efficient manner is crucial fr maintaining a cmpany's reputatin.
2．The sudden lud nise was s scary (scare) that she jumped ut f her seat.
3．If yu find the tpic challenging, dn't hesitate t ask the teacher fr assistance (assist)．
4．Making a dentist appintment (appint) is essential if yu haven't had a check­up in a while.
5．It's essential t understand that everyne faces rejectin (reject) at sme pint.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Mandela passed away at the age f 95, making the peple f Suth Africa very sad.
2．Bella was in despair and felt she had n ne t rely n in the wrld.
3．Thanks t papermaking and printing, a great deal f ancient infrmatin has been kept in bks.
4．I helped an ld lady wh tripped ver by a fallen branch n the rad.
5．The knwledge f first aid is a necessity, which can save smene's life.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅是第一个去太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的航天员之一。(the＋序数词＋n.＋t d…)
I wuld really like t interview Yang Liwei because he is nt nly the first Chinese t g t space but als ne f the greatest astrnauts in the wrld.
2．就我而言，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。(否定词和比较级连用表示最高级)
As far as I'm cncerned, there is nthing better than being praised by my teacher befre my classmates.
3．(2022·全国甲卷)过去的三十年已经见证了中国在保护海洋方面的成就。(无灵主语句)
The past three decades have witnessed China's achievements in prtecting the ceans.
课时作业13
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
eq \a()
(2025·八省联考)
Jim Jhnsn, a mail carrier, was an institutin in the leafy Westmreland, Westhaven and Westver Hills neighbrhds, just nrth f dwntwn Wilmingtn, where he delivered much mre than the mail.He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the grceries; he tk nte f unlcked drs, ffered gardening advice, and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f the curveball.When he wasn't ding all that, Jim was running acrss a checkerbard f green lawns(草坪) t ensure the lcal pstal service did nt fall shrt f its daily prmise.
Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw, the trust in lcal pstal service lives n.In many cmmunities, that trust is wn every day when life­saving medicine, greeting cards, scial security checks, cllege acceptance letters—even the bills—appear in mailbxes in frnt f the huses.
After mre than three decades, Jim apprached his final days n the jb much like any ther.He drve a bxy pstal truck t Nrth DuPnt Rad fr the first unfficial stp f the day.Butch, a dg wh belnged t ne f the neighbrs, was waiting just like every day befre.And just like every day befre, he gt int the jump seat and they were ff.On the rute, Jim and Butch had becme inseparable.Nw, the dg and the mailman wuld ride ff t retirement tgether.At every stp, Jim accepted the parting gd wishes f families that had becme his wn.There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memries.
It's been 33 years since Jim left the rute, but we are still reminded f the deep bnd established between cmmunity and letter carrier.That's what the pstal service means t us.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了邮递员Jim Jhnsn在多年的工作中与社区居民建立的深厚感情。
1．What d we knw abut Jim Jhnsn frm the first paragraph？( C )
A．He's pen­minded.B．He's sharp­eyed.
C．He's warm­hearted.D．He's strng­willed.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the grceries; he tk nte f unlcked drs, ffered gardening advice, and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f curveball.”可知，Jim不仅送信，还帮助居民做很多事情，记住每个孩子和宠物的名字，帮忙送杂货，关注居民安全，教孩子们打球，这些行为都体现了他热心善良的性格特征，故选C。
2．What des the underlined wrd “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean？( B )
A．Refused.B．Criticized.
C．Investigated.D．Suspended.
解析：词义猜测题。文章第二段提到“Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw, the trust in lcal pstal service lives n.”，根据Thugh可知，上下文形成转折关系，表示虽然邮政服务现在经常受到负面评价，但人们对当地邮局服务的信任依然存在。因此“disparaged”的意思与criticized最接近，故选B。
3．What did Jim d besides daily delivery n his final days f wrk？( D )
A．He drve Butch t its wner.
B．He sent presents t his friends.
C．He prepared a retirement party.
D．He said gdbye t the neighbrs.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“At every stp, Jim accepted the parting gd wishes f families that had becme his wn.There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memries.”可知，在最后的工作日，Jim在每个停靠点都接受了居民们的道别祝福，故选D。
4．What is the authr's purpse in writing the text？( A )
A．T remember a respected mail carrier.
B．T recrd an unfrgettable experience.
C．T raise funds fr the pstal service.
D．T call fr harmny in the cmmunity.
解析：写作目的题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段的“It's been 33 years since Jim left the rute, but we are still reminded f the deep bnd established between cmmunity and letter carrier.” 可知，作者的写作目的是要纪念这位受人尊敬的邮递员Jim，展现他与社区之间建立的深厚情谊，故选A。
eq \a()
(2024·浙江杭州高三质检)
Is frgiveness against ur human nature? T answer ur questin, we need t ask a further questin: What is the essence f ur humanity? Fr the sake f simplicity, peple cnsider tw distinctly different views f humanity.The first view invlves dminance and pwer.In an early paper n the psychlgy f frgiveness, Drll made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is mre aggressive than frgiving allws.Thse wh frgive are against their basic nature, much t their harm.In his pinin, frgivers are cmprmising their well­being as they ffer mercy t thers, wh might then take advantage f them.
The secnd view invlves the theme f cperatin, mutual respect, and even lve as the basis f wh we are as humans.Researchers find that t fully grw as human beings, we need bth t receive lve frm and ffer lve t thers.Withut lve, ur cnnectins with a wide range f individuals in ur lives can fall apart.Even cmmn sense strngly suggests that the will t pwer ver thers des nt make fr harmnius interactins.Fr example, hw well has slavery(奴隶制) wrked as a mde f scial harmny?
Frm this secnd viewpint f wh we are as humans, frgiveness plays a key rle in the bilgical and psychlgical integrity f bth individuals and cmmunities because ne f the utcmes f frgiveness, shwn thrugh scientific studies, is the decreasing f hatred and the restratin f harmny.Frgiveness can break the cycle f anger.At least t an extent the peple frm whm yu are estranged(不和的) accept yur lve and frgiveness and are prepared t make the required adjustments.Frgiveness can heal relatinships and recnnect peple.
As an imprtant nte, when we take a classical Realism philsphical perspective, that f Aristtle, we see the distinctin between ptentiality and actuality.We are nt necessarily brn with the capacity t frgive, but instead with the ptential t learn abut it and t grw in ur ability t frgive.The actuality f frgiving, its actual apprpriatin in cnflict situatins, develps with practice.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了两种关于原谅的观点，说明了原谅的好处，并告诉读者原谅是可以通过训练提升的。
5．What is Drll's idea abut frgiveness？( D )
A．Peple shuld ffer mercy t thers.
B．Aggressive peple shuld learn t frgive.
C.Frgiveness depends n the nature f humanity.
D．Peple wh frgive can have their wn welfare affected.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In his pinin, frgivers are cmprmising their well­being as they ffer mercy t thers, wh might then take advantage f them.”可知，Drll认为原谅别人的人在宽恕他人的时候也在损害自己的幸福，而被宽恕的人可能会利用他们，故D项正确。
6．What des the example in paragraph 2 illustrate？( B )
A．T frgive is t lve.
B．T dminate is t harm.
C．T fight is t grw.
D．T give is t receive.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Even cmmn sense strngly suggests that the will t pwer ver thers des nt make fr harmnius interactins.”可知，支配他人的意志并不能促成和谐的互动。由此可以推断，作者举奴隶制这个例子是为了说明“支配他人就是伤害”，故B项正确。
7．What is the writer's attitude tward frgiveness？( A )
A．Favrable.B．Reserved.
C．Objective.D．Skeptical.
解析：观点态度题。根据第三段中的“ne f the utcmes f frgiveness, shwn thrugh scientific studies, is the decreasing f hatred and the restratin f harmny. Frgiveness can break the cycle f anger…Frgiveness can heal relatinships and recnnect peple.”和第四段中的“We are nt necessarily…with the ptential t learn abut it and t grw in ur ability t frgive.”可知，作者认为原谅可以减少仇恨，恢复和谐，打破愤怒的循环，愈合关系，将人们再次联系在一起，且人们应该学习原谅并提升原谅的能力。由此可知，作者对原谅持支持的态度，故A项正确。
8．What is the message f the last paragraph？( C )
A．Frgiveness is in ur nature.
B．Frgiveness grws with time.
C．It takes practice t frgive.
D．Actuality is based n ptentiality.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We are nt necessarily…with the ptential t learn abut it and t grw in ur ability t frgive. The actuality f frgiving…develps with practice.”可知，我们不一定天生就有原谅的能力，但我们有潜力学习原谅并提升我们原谅的能力，原谅是随着练习而发展的，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·湖北宜昌高三模拟)
A few days befre my high schl ended, I was sitting in my English class.My classmates were talking abut wh wuld be the first persn t shed tears at __1__.Then, everyne lked at me, and I began t __2__ right then and there.I am nt an emtinal persn, but the __3__ f leaving this place hit me hard.I never knew hw much this building and the peple in it __4__ t me, until my last days.
High schl isn't fr everyne, but there is smething fr everyne in high schl.Yu just have t __5__ ut what yur “thing” is.I __6__ fund my “thing” in high schl and that was Student Gvernment.Fr nce I had a(n) __7__.I served as the representative f my class, and it gave me a __8__ t cnvey nt nly my wn, but my classmates'__9__ t teachers and ur schl.
But there were a lt f times when I felt __10__.I sat in the classrm lking at the clck, __11__ fr the end f schl day.I __12__ the days until summer like it was my jb.But nw I __13__ I culd take back all f thse mments.
My biggest __14__ t anyne still in high schl is t make yur schl a place where yu want t g.High schl ges by very quickly.Yu nly get ne chance t be a high schler, s take __15__ f it.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在高中毕业前的经历和感悟，表达了对离别的不舍与对高中生活的珍惜。作者希望高中生利用好高中的时间，实现自己的目标。
1．( B )A.schlB．graduatin
C．breakD．randm
解析：句意：同学们在讨论谁会是第一个在毕业典礼上流泪的人。根据上文的“A few days befre my high schl ended, I was sitting in my English class.”可知，“我”的高中生活即将结束，因此学校要举行毕业仪式。故选B项。schl学校；graduatin毕业典礼； break休息；randm随机。
2．( A )A.cryB．lie
C．singD．sigh
解析：句意：然后，每个人都看着我，我就在那时哭了起来。根据上文的“My classmates were talking abut wh wuld be the first persn t shed tears”可知，“我”就在那时哭了起来。故选A项。cry 哭泣；lie 说谎； sing 唱歌；sigh 叹息。
3．( D )A.prpsalB．ptin
C．pssibilityD．thught
解析：句意：我不是一个情绪化的人，但是一想到要离开这个地方，我就很难受。根据本句中的“leaving this place hit me hard”可知，一想到要毕业了就使“我”很难受。故选D项。prpsal 提议；ptin 选项； pssibility 可能性；thught 想法。
4．( A )A.meantB．replied
C．reactedD．faded
解析：句意：直到最后的日子，我才知道这栋楼和里面的人对我有多么重要。根据上文的“leaving this place hit me hard”可知，学校对“我”来说意义重大。故选A项。mean意味着；reply回答； react反应；fade褪色。
5．( B )A.bringB．figure
C．crssD．carry
解析：句意：你只需要弄清楚你的“目标”是什么。根据上文的“there is smething fr everyne in high schl”可知，你要弄清楚在高中阶段想要得到什么。figure ut意为“弄清楚”。故选B项。bring 带来；figure 计算； crss 穿过；carry 承载。
6．( C )A.anxiuslyB．bravely
C．luckilyD．initially
解析：句意：我很幸运地在高中找到了我的“目标”，那就是学生会。根据本句中的“fund my ‘thing’ in high schl and that was Student Gvernment”可知，“我”找到了在高中阶段想要的东西，因此“我”是幸运的。故选C项。anxiusly 焦虑地；bravely 勇敢地； luckily 幸运地；initially 最初地(课标生僻词)。
7．( C )A.rganizatinB．impressin
C．viceD．discvery
解析：句意：这一次我终于有了发言权。根据下文的“I served as the representative f my class”可知，“我”作为班级代表可以向学校提建议，因此“我”有发言权。故选C项。rganizatin组织；impressin印象； vice声音，发言权；discvery发现。
8．( B )A.benefitB．chance
C．challengeD．purpse
解析：句意：我担任了班级代表，这给了我一个机会，不仅可以向老师和学校传达我自己的想法，也可以传达我的同学们的想法。根据本句中的“I served as the representative f my class”可知，“我”作为班级代表有机会向学校提建议。故选B项。benefit好处；chance机会； challenge挑战；purpse目的。
9．( C )A.bjectivesB．principles
C．cncernsD．updates
解析：句意同上。根据“I served as the representative f my class, and it gave me a __8__ t cnvey nt nly my wn”可知，“我”作为班级代表有机会向学校提建议，把自己和同学们关心的问题反映给学校。故选C项。bjective目标；principle原则；cncern关心的问题，关注；update更新。
10．( A )A.disturbedB．sheltered
C．alarmedD．inspired
解析：句意：但有很多时候，我感到烦恼。根据本句的But表示转折和下文的“I sat in the classrm lking at the clck, __11__ fr the end f schl day.”可知，“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去，因此“我”应是感到烦恼的。故选A项。disturbed烦恼的，不安的；sheltered庇护的；alarmed惊恐的；inspired启发的。
11．( D )A.applaudingB．searching
C．fightingD．lnging
解析：句意：我坐在教室里看着时钟，渴望着一天的学习结束。根据语境及上文的“But there were a lt f times when I felt __10__.”可知，“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去。故选D项。applaud鼓掌；search搜索；fight打斗；lng渴望。
12．( A )A.cunted dwnB．went thrugh
C．set asideD．put ff
解析：句意：我数着日子等着夏天的到来，仿佛那是我的工作。根据上文的“I sat in the classrm lking at the clck, __11__ fr the end f schl day.”可知，“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去，因此会开始数日子，等待暑假的来临。故选A项。cunt dwn倒计时，倒着数；g thrugh经历；set aside留出；put ff推迟。
13．( C )A.prmiseB．assume
C．prayD．realize
解析：句意：但现在我祈祷我可以收回所有的那些时刻。根据上文的“I __12__ the days until summer like it was my jb.”及本句中的But可知，“我”希望过去数日子的事情没有发生，因此应是祈祷能追回那些日子。故选C项。prmise承诺； assume假设； pray祈祷；realize实现。
14．( B )A.supprtB．advice
C．ruleD．warning
解析：句意：我对还在上高中的人最大的建议是，让你的学校成为你想去的地方。根据本句中的“make yur schl a place where yu want t g”可知，“我”通过自身的经历给高中生提建议：让你的学校成为你想去的地方。故选B项。supprt 支持；advice 建议； rule 规则；warning警告。
15．( D )A.accuntB．ntice
C．cntrlD．advantage
解析：句意：你只有一次成为高中生的机会，所以要好好利用它。根据本句中的“Yu nly get ne chance t be a high schler”可知，“我”建议高中生利用好这段时间，因为机会只有一次。take advantage f意为“充分利用”。故选D项。accunt 账户；ntice 注意； cntrl 控制；advantage 优势。
clinic；cmplain；faint；precius；principle；whisper
A.adj.急剧的 B．adj.敏锐的 C．adj.锋利的
D．adv.整点地 E．adj.急转的 F．adj.(声音)突然而响亮的
A.v.(因伤病)退出(比赛) B．v.退休；退职；退役
C．v.离开；退下 D．v.就寝；上床睡觉
请你以“我最敬佩的人”为主题写一篇短文，向你校英文报投稿。
1．head first 头朝前
2．bury ne's head under the quilt 把头埋在被子里
3．raise ne's head 抬起头
4．rest ne's head n ne's shulder 把某人的头靠在某人的肩膀上
5．head dwn 低着头
6．drp ne's head 低头
7．bury ne's head in ne's hands 双手抱头
8．nd/shake ne's head 点/摇头
9．nd at sb. 对某人点了点头
10．scratch ne's head 挠头
11．thrw ne's head back 把头往后仰
12．lk up 抬头看
in despair；pass away；trip ver；first aid；a great deal f