高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习必修第三册　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION

这是一份高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习必修第三册　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION，共25页。试卷主要包含了flat arund，5分，共20分)等内容，欢迎下载使用。
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
attach；disappint；flat；limit；satellite；signal
Mankind has managed t create facilities and vehicles t carry astrnauts int the universe．They launch rckets carrying intelligent peple arund the glbe are determined t devte themselves t space explratin，even thugh fatal space disasters which killed astrnauts n bard make them ，when living in space，the astrnauts have t recycle dirty water s as t use it later.Fr lack f gravity，their muscles becme weak.They have t tape everything up. Otherwise they wuld 3.flat arund.They als need t figure ut a way t stre sufficient fd and xygen．Hwever，peple's desire t explre space never dies.China is the third cuntry t send humans int space independently．This 4.signals a giant leap frward fr China.Sme peple argue that we shuld stp wasting time and mney n space explratin, which is a shallw view.Our planet's resurces are 5.limited，and as a result，we shuld find a new hme t prvide fr the ever increasing ppulatin.In clsing，we 6.attach great imprtance t slving the mystery abut space and will carry n with space explratin regularly．
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提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
eq \a()重难考点
1 determine vt.查明；确定；决定(→determined adj.意志坚定的；有决心的→determinatin n．决心；决定)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①They determined t finish (finish) the prject despite the munting challenges.
②He faced the numerus challenges n his way with determinatin, never nce thinking f giving up.
③We are determined t perfrm (perfrm) well in the perfrmance, s we've been ccupied in preparing fr it.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④Determined t perfrm well in the perfrmance, we've been ccupied in preparing fr it.(用分词短语改写句③)
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(1)determine n/upn 决定
determine t d sth. 决定做某事
(2)be determined t d sth. 决心做某事
(3)with determinatin 坚决地
[语料积累] ①He has determined n winning the schl debate cmpetitin.(心理描写)
他决心赢得学校的辩论赛。
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was prud f his strng determinatin．(心理描写)
我熟悉戴维所面临的挑战，也为他坚定的决心感到骄傲。
2 disappinted adj.失望的；沮丧的(→disappint vt.使失望→disappinting adj.令人失望的→disappintment n．失望；沮丧)
[基础检测]——选词填空
①One by ne，the applicants left the interviewer's ffice with disappinted lks n their faces.(disappinted/disappinting)
[能力提升]——微写作
②意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我，我的沮丧逐渐转换成我对他的感激。
Sensing that I was disappinted at his arrival，he did whatever he culd t help me and care fr me and my disappintment gradually gave way t my gratitude t him.(心理描写)
③她失望地发现由于天气不好，学校旅行被取消了。
She was disappinted t find ut that the schl trip had been canceled due t the bad weather.(心理、动作描写)
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(1)be disappinted at/with/by… 对……感到失望
be disappinted t d sth. 对做某事感到失望
be disappinted that… 对……失望
(2)t ne's disappintment 令某人失望的是
[语料积累] ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)After being tld that the cash machine still did nt play alng, Gunter let ut a lng sigh, with his subtle expressin displaying a sign f disappintment．(动作、神情描写)
在被告知自动取款机仍然不能用后，冈特长叹一声，他的微妙表情显示出一丝失望。
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)T their disappintment，they failed t ck a Mther's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(心理描写)
让他们失望的是，他们的第一次尝试没能做出母亲节的早餐。
3 desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望(→desirable adj.令人向往的；值得拥有的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①She desires t becme (becme) an astrnaut in the future, s she wrks hard in her classes.
②He had a desire fr adventure, s he jined the schl's hiking club t explre new places and challenge himself.
[能力提升]——一句多译
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)失望的双胞胎想要父亲告诉他们如何做三明治，他点点头。
→The disappinted twins desired their father t tell them hw t make sandwiches，and he ndded.
→The disappinted twins desired that their father (shuld) tell them hw t make sandwiches，and he ndded.
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(1)have a desire t d sth. 渴望做某事
have a desire fr sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)desire t d sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.t d sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire that…(shuld) d… 渴望……
[语料积累] (2023·全国乙卷)As I had a strng desire t learn a new skill，I turned t my mther fr help，with whse help I began t learn hw t ck during the summer vacatin.(投稿)
由于我强烈渴望学习一种新技能，我向妈妈寻求帮助，在她的帮助下，我开始在暑假期间学习做饭。
4 lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有 n．缺乏；短缺(→lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Sme students may feel uncmfrtable practicing with smene they dn't knw well，which culd result in a lack f participatin.
[能力提升]——一句多译
②由于缺乏自信和经验，简完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。
→Lacking cnfidence and experience，Jane was quite at a lss as t hw t deal with the terrible situatin.(分词短语作状语)
→Fr/Thrugh lack f cnfidence and experience，Jane was quite at a lss as t hw t deal with the terrible situatin.(lack n．)
→Lacking in cnfidence and experience，Jane was quite at a lss as t hw t deal with the terrible situatin.(lacking adj.)
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(1)(a) lack f 缺少……
fr/thrugh lack f 因缺少……
(2)be lacking in 在……方面缺乏
[语料积累] ①The girl used t be lacking in cnfidence and it was her teacher's encuragement that made her mre cnfident.(人物描写)
这个女孩过去曾经缺乏自信，是老师的鼓励让她更加自信了。
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Regardless f the fact that they lacked cking experience，the twins still prepared an exceptinal breakfast fr their mther with great expectatins.(人物描写)
尽管他们缺乏烹饪经验，双胞胎仍然满怀期待地为妈妈准备了一顿特别的早餐。
5 argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证(→argument n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点)
[基础检测]——用argue的相关短语填空
①As fr schl unifrms, sme students argued fr the unifrms, saying they prmte equality.Others argued against the idea, believing that unifrms limit persnal expressin.
[能力提升]——微写作
②每个人都有责任保护环境，这是无可争辩的。
It is beynd argument that everyne has the respnsibility t prtect the envirnment.(演讲稿)
③我后悔因为这么小的问题和她争吵。
I regretted arguing with her abut/ver such a small questin.(心理描写)
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(1)argue with sb. abut/ver sth.
因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue fr/against (ding) sth.
据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue sb.int/ut f ding sth.
说服某人做/不做某事
(2)beynd argument 无可争论
[语料积累] (2023·全国乙卷)Eager t master sme basic living skills，I argued my mther int teaching me hw t ck during the May Day hliday.(投稿)
渴望掌握一些基本的生活技能，我说服母亲在五一假期期间教我做饭。
6 attach vt.系；绑；贴；把……固定(→attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的→attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①She fund a bx lying n the table with a card attached (attach) t it，saying “Happy birthday”．
[能力提升]——微写作
②他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。
He tk ut the hammck，attached it t the trees and lay in it cmfrtably，listening t his favrite music.(动作链)
③你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
Yu can never attach t much imprtance t reading．(建议信)
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(1)attach…t…
把……附在……上；把……绑在……上
attach imprtance/significance/value/weight t… 认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量
(2)be attached t 喜欢，依恋；附属于
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Overall, I thrughly enjyed the art class.I am attaching a pht f my artwrk fr yu and hpe yu like it.(活动介绍)
总的来说，我非常享受这节美术课。我给你附上了一张我的艺术作品的照片，希望你能喜欢。
7 result in导致；造成
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①As far as I'm cncerned，her failure in the cmpetitin resulted frm her casual attitude.
[能力提升]——微写作
②他打了好几次电话给他的朋友，但没有结果。最后，他发了一条短信，希望能得到回复。
He called his friend several times withut result．Finally, he sent a text message, hping fr a reply.(动作链)
③她没穿外套，因此感冒了。她妈妈告诉她以后要多注意天气。
She didn't wear her cat, and as a result, she caught a cld.Her mther tld her t be mre careful abut the weather.(情景描写)
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(1)result frm
由……导致；因……而产生
(2)as a result 因此
as a result f 由于……
withut result
没有结果；徒劳地
[语料积累] (2022·浙江1月卷)Nt nly will the activity prvide an pprtunity t learn abut the Chinese culture but it will als result in mutual understanding and friendship.(活动介绍)
这次活动不仅将提供一个了解中国文化的机会，而且将增进相互理解和友谊。
8 run ut用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)
[基础检测]——用run的相关短语填空
①The mment we ran acrss/int a cute wild rabbit，we rde ur hrses and ran after it in excitement.
[能力提升]——微写作
②爱护环境将变得很重要，因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。
Care fr the envirnment will becme very imprtant as earth's natural resurces are running ut．(演讲稿)
③我们遇到了一些问题，但我们齐心协力找到了解决方案，并按时完成了任务。
We ran int sme prblems, but we wrked tgether t find slutins and finished n time.(情景描写)
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run ut f 用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
run acrss 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追求
run int 撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)
[语料积累] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David was running ut f his energy but when he heard lud cheers frm the ther kids，he was making his way twards the finish line，bathed in sweat.(场景描写)
大卫快要筋疲力尽了，但当他听到其他孩子的欢呼声时，他汗流浃背地朝终点线走去。
9 句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋t d sth.
(教材原句)Afterwards, the USSR fcused n sending peple int space, and n 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld t enter space．
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空/小语段训练
①I have smething imprtant abut the cnstructin in the dwntwn t tell (tell) yu.
②Jhn was the first persn t think (think)f making ppcrn t help Bernard earn sme extra mney.He was cnvinced that he had the ability t help (help) Bernard ut f difficulty.
[能力提升]——微写作
③北京成为第一个举办夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会的城市。
Beijing has becme the first city t hst bth Summer and Winter Olympic Games.(地点介绍)
④毫无疑问我是从事这项工作的最佳人选。
There is n dubt that I am the best persn t take up the jb．(申请信)
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(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next、the nly、the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多是抽象名词，常见的有ability、chance、ambitin、ffer、anxiety、answer、reply、attempt、belief等。
(3)不定代词smething，nthing，little等后常用不定式作定语。
[语料积累] (2023·全国甲卷)He is the first Chinese t realize the dream f sailing arund the wrld，as well as the first Chinese t crss the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean.(投稿)
他是第一个实现全球航行梦想的中国人，也是第一个穿过英吉利海峡和大西洋的中国人。
10 句型公式：倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as…
(教材原句)Olympus Mns, the largest vlcan n Mars, is abut twice as high as Munt Qmlangma.
火星上最大的火山——奥林帕斯山大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍高。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①His latest nvel is twice the length (lng) f his previus ne.
②The number f peple visiting ur park this year is three times what it was just five years ag.
[能力提升]——一句多译
③据我所知，这座城市是那座的三倍大。
→As far as I knw, the city is three times as large as that ne．(as…as…)
→As far as I knw, the city is three times larger than that ne．(比较级)
→As far as I knw, the city is three times the size f that ne．(size)
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倍数表达法：
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as…
(2)倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than…
(3)倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋f…
(4)倍数＋what从句
[语料积累] The new library is three times as large as the ld ne, cmplete with a café and study rms.(地点介绍)
新图书馆是旧图书馆的三倍大，并配有咖啡厅和自习室。
[名师指津] 表示“两倍”时用twice或duble，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。
eq \a()拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．The schl launched a campaign t raise awareness abut recycling, encuraging students t bring reusable bttles.
2．The passengers n bard the ship enjyed the view f the sunset as they sailed acrss the cean.
3．The teacher encuraged the class t carry n with their studies even when faced with challenging tpics.
4．They wrked extra hurs in the hpe f finishing the prject befre the deadline.
5．She finally figured ut why her cmputer wasn't wrking prperly after hurs.
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1．n bard 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
2．figure ut 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
3．in the hpe f ding sth.
抱着……的希望
4．carry n 继续做，坚持干
5．beynd prep. 在更远处；超出
6．launch a campaign t d sth. 发起一项运动来做某事
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——前缀pr­/pre­/fre­
前缀pr­/pre­/fre­表示“在前；向前”。例如本单元中的单词：prcedure(n.程序；步骤；手续)是由前缀pr­(在前，向前)＋­ced­(行走，前进)＋­ure(结果)转化而来，表示“前面经过的历程”。前缀pr­/pre­/fre­的常用规律如下：

[语境猜词]
1．Learning a new language is a gradual prcess that requires time and practice. n. 过程
2．The students have made significant prgress in their English skills since the beginning f the schl year. n. 进步
3．The science prject invlved building a mdel vlcan and demnstrating hw it erupts. n. 项目
4．The weather frecast predicts sunny skies fr the weekend, which is perfect fr a picnic. v. 预告，预报
5．Learning hw t use prefixes can help students expand their vcabulary and understand new wrds. n. 前缀
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板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．current
(1)Sme birds use warm air currents t help them fly.C
(2)The current mney in China is Renminbi.B
(3)We shuld try ur best t g with the current f the times.D
(4)(2021·北京卷)With the current ftprint f humanity，“it seems that glbal cllapse is certain t happen in sme frm，pssibly within a decade，certainly within this century，” Jhnsn said in an email.A
2．therwise
(1)(2021·浙江6月卷)Seize the chance，therwise yu wn't enjy the beautiful traditinal Chinese paintings.B
(2)There was sme music playing upstairs.Otherwise the huse was silent.C
(3)It is nt permitted t sell r therwise distribute cpies f past examinatin papers.A
3．launch
(1)It is cnfirmed that China will launch mre spacecrafts t the mn in the fllwing year.A
(2)The plice have launched an investigatin int the case，which has resulted in great cncerns natinwide.C
(3) (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The Idler was launched by Tm Hkinsn，back in 1993.B
(4)After the launch f the prducts，they have wn gd praises frm custmers fr their cnvenient and high­efficient superir prperties.D
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2022·全国乙卷)With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast－mving trains wuld be able t react in time.v. 预见，预示
[点拨]signal (熟义) vt. & vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志。此处用作动词，意为“预见，预示”。
2．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)It will use cameras and sensrs t mnitr the animals.v. 监视；监测；监控
[点拨]mnitr (熟义) n．班长；监视器；监测仪。此处用作动词，意为“监视；监测；监控”。
3．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse，” says Kathryn Whitehead.v. 提出(计划或想法)
[点拨]flat (熟义) vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流。此处意为“提出(计划或想法)”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/
单元语法(动词不定式作定语和状语)
1．Sarah has a strng desire t learn (learn) the pian, s she practices every day after schl with great enthusiasm.
2．Tm was disappinted t find (find) ut that the cncert was canceled, as he had been lking frward t it fr weeks.
3．A lack f sleep can seriusly affect a student's cncentratin and perfrmance in class.
4．Jenny ften argues with her brther abut wh gets t use the cmputer first after dinner.
5．In ur family, great imprtance is attached (attach) t hnesty, and lying is never tlerated.
6．The delay in the flight resulted frm unexpected weather cnditins.
7．She is keen n learning new languages and is currently studying French and Spanish.
8．The charity rganizatin prvides fr families in need, ffering fd, clthing, and shelter.
9．The rule f this game is t cmplicated t explain (explain) clearly in a few wrds.
10．The airprt t be cmpleted (cmplete) next year will help prmte turism in this area.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．学会弹吉他需要一些时间。
It takes sme time t learn hw t play the guitar．
2．新的过山车比旧的高出两倍。
The new rller caster is twice as high as the ld ne．
3．第一个在太空行走的宇航员成了国家英雄。
The first astrnaut t walk in space became a natinal her．(人物介绍)
4．每天早起帮助她保持健康的生活习惯。
Getting up early every day helps her maintain a healthy lifestyle．(人物描写)
5．The cach desired that he shuld jin the basketball team because f his height and speed.(情景描写)
→The cach desired him t jin the basketball team because f his height and speed．(变为简单句)
6．Our schl attaches great imprtance t academic achievement.(现象介绍)
→Great imprtance is attached t academic achievement by ur schl．(变为被动语态)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
1．I desire t live n a space statin fr ne mnth(我渴望在空间站上生活一个月；desire t d)fr the fllwing reasns.
First f all, I've always been curius abut the rbiting the earth(在环绕地球运行时；省略句), I can bserve the charming scenery f space and experience the feeling f flating in space.Mrever, I'll 3.try t figure ut sme mysteries f space(试图弄清太空的一些奥秘) s as t cntribute t human explratin f space.Last but nt least, living in space independently fr a mnth will definitely make a great difference t my life.
In clsing, 4.it is beynd argument that living n the space statin is wrth it(无可争辩在空间站生活是值得的)．
维度二 读后续写微技能15——动作细节描写：眼睛(二)
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．他眯起眼睛，想知道发生了什么事。
With his eyes narrwed, he wndered what had happened．(with复合结构)
2．注意到我进来，父亲上下打量着我，迷惑不解。
Nticing me cme in, my father eyed me up and dwn, cnfused.
3．两大颗泪珠从她的眼角慢慢地流到嘴角。
Tw great tears ran slwly frm the crners f her eyes tward the crners f her muth.(名篇《项链》)
4．得知真相后，我紧紧地闭着眼睛，咬着嘴唇，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
When learning the truth，I squeezed my eyes shut and bit my lip, with tears running dwn my cheeks．
5．他们的眼睛几乎不动，眼神恍惚，好像在睁着眼睛睡觉。
Their eyes barely mve, and they always have the same distant lk in their eyes. It is as thugh they are asleep with their eyes pen. (with复合结构)
任务2 语段表达
David sat n the grund, 1.shut his eyes (闭上眼睛) and bit his lip, with tears rlling dwn his cheeks slwly. 2.I kept an eye n him (我注视着他), but he turned his eyes t anther directin, upset and embarrassed，3.aviding lking me straight in the eye (避免直视我的眼睛)．I remarked with gentleness，“Keep trying and yu will be rewarded with applause.” Finally, 4.his eyes fell n me (他的目光落在我身上) and his eyes sparkled with delight and hpe.
————基础默测—————
eq \a() 默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．frntier n. 边境；国界；边远地区
2．vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆
3．satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星
4．prcedure n. 程序；步骤；手续
5．rcket n. 火箭；火箭弹
6．gravity n. 重力；引力
7．rbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt. & vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
8．giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人
9．agency n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
10．transmit vt. & vi. 传输；发送
11．data n. [pl.]资料；数据
12．slar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
13．sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
14．mdule n. 舱；组件；模块
15．facility n. 设施；设备
16．fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的
17．pillw n. 枕头
二、核心单词写得准
1．keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的
2．pattern n. 模式；图案；模范
3．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
4．muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
5．flat vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流
6．current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮
7．launch vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市
8．signal vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志
9．mnitr n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控
10．resurce n. 资源；财力；物力
三、拓展单词通变化
1．disappint vt. 使失望→disappinted adj. 失望的；沮丧的→disappinting adj. 令人失望的→disappintment n. 失望；沮丧
2．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物→universal adj. 宇宙的；通用的
3．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n. 智慧
4．desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望→desired adj. 渴望的，想要的
5．lack vt. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺→lacking adj. 缺乏的；不足的
6．glbe n. 地球；世界；地球仪→glbal adj. 全球的；全面的
7．regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv. 经常；定期地→irregular adj. 无规律的；不定期的
8．mystery n. 神秘事物；谜→mysterius adj. 神秘的
四、重点词块明搭配
1．in the hpe f ding sth. 抱着……的希望
2．n bard 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．carry n 继续做，坚持干
4．s as t (d sth.) 为了；以便
5．figure ut 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in 导致；造成
7．as a result 所以；结果(是)
8．prvide fr sb. 提供生活所需
9．in clsing 最后
10．run ut 用完；耗尽
五、教材佳句会运用
1．……1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。(the first＋名词＋不定式短语)
…and n 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld t enter space．
2．例如，使用当前的技术，到达火星之后再返回将需要花费一年多的时间。(It＋takes＋sme time＋t d sth.)
Fr example, using current technlgy, it wuld take ver a year t get t Mars and cme back.
3．首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。(动名词短语作主语)
Firstly, explring space has already made a difference in the fight against wrld hunger.
4．火星上最大的火山——奥林帕斯山大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍高。(倍数表达法)
Olympus Mns, the largest vlcan n Mars, is abut twice as high as Munt Qmlangma.
eq \a() 基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The inventin f the Internet has significantly impacted the way mankind (人类) cmmunicates.
2．It's crucial t recycle (回收利用) plastic t reduce pllutin and save the envirnment.
3．Regular exercise helps in building strng muscles (肌肉)．
4．Her perfrmance went beynd (超出) everyne's expectatins and impressed the audience.
5．The river's current (水流) was strng, making it difficult t rw upstream.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Her determinatin (determine) t master the subject inspired ther students in the class.
2．His face was a picture f disappintment (disappint) when he realized he had missed the bus.
3．In his essay, he presented an argument (argue) in favr f renewable energy surces.
4．Yga helps me stay bth physically and mentally (mental) fit.
5．T maintain a healthy bdy, it's essential t exercise regularly (regular)．
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The six astrnauts n bard will spend ten days in space.
2．It was reprted that a terrible mistake resulted in the failure f the launch f the space shuttle.
3．Cnditins are getting wrse and supplies in the spacecraft are running ut．
4．Her bravery has given him the will t carry n his scientific wrk.
5．In clsing, I wish this cnference a cmplete success.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我们要花很长时间在这两个城市之间架起一座桥梁。(It＋takes＋sme time＋t d sth.)
It will take us a lng time t build a bridge between the tw cities.
2．我能说一口流利的英语，我是班上第一个出国深造的学生。(the＋序数词＋名词＋t d sth.)
I can speak fluent English and I am the first student in my class t g abrad fr further study．
3．这家酒店是我们去年住的那家的三倍大。(as…as…)
This htel is three times as large as the ne we stayed at last year.
课时作业15
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
eq \a()
(2024·江苏南京、盐城高三模拟)
Since the last ice age, humans have cleared nearly half f the earth's frests and grasslands fr agriculture.With the wrld ppulatin expanding, there's ever­increasing pressure n farmland t prduce nt nly mre fd but als clean energy.In places such as Yakima Cunty, Washingtn, it's created cmpetitin fr space as land­hungry slar panels (太阳能电池板) cnsume available fields.Last mnth, the state apprved plans t cver 1，700 acres f agricultural land with slar panels, fueling cncerns ver the lng­term impacts f lsing crpland.
A recent study frm the University f Califrnia, hwever, shws hw farmers may sn harvest crps and energy tgether.One researcher, Majdi Abu Najm, explains that the visible light spectrum(光谱) can be separated int blue and red light waves, and their phtns(光子) have different prperties.Blue nes have higher energy than red nes.While that gives blue light what is needed t generate pwer, it als results in higher temperatures.“Frm a plant angle, red phtns are the efficient nes，” says Abu Najm.“They dn't make the plant feel ht.”
A gal f the study is t create a new generatin f slar panels.He sees ptential in the rganic slar cells, which cme frm carbn­based materials.Thin and transparent, the cells are applied like a film nt varius surfaces.This new technlgy culd be used t develp special slar panels that blck blue light t generate pwer, while passing the red light n t crps planted directly belw.These panels culd als prvide shade fr heat­sensitive fruits during the httest part f the day.
By 2050, we'll have tw billin mre peple, and we'll need mre fd and mre energy.By maximizing the slar spectrum, “we're making full use f an endlessly sustainable resurce，” says Abu Najm.“If a technlgy can develp these panels, then the sky is the limit n hw efficient we can be.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员分离太阳光成蓝光波和红光波，阻断蓝光波用于太阳能电池板的发电，同时又不影响红光波传导到电池板下面的植物上，这些红光波对植物生长有利。这解决了太阳能电池板和可耕种土地之间的空间竞争。
1．What prblem des the first paragraph fcus n？( A )
A．Lsing crpland t slar panels.
B．Distributin f the wrld ppulatin.
C．Reductin in frests and grasslands.
D．Cmpeting fr land between farmers.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“it's created cmpetitin…fueling cncerns ver the lng­term impacts f lsing crpland.”可知，太阳能电池板消耗了可用的土地，这引发了对空间的竞争，政府批准了用太阳能电池板覆盖1 700英亩耕地的计划，这加剧了人们对失去农田的长期影响的担忧。由此可知，第一段主要关注的是太阳能电池板导致耕地流失的问题。故选A。
2．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t？( C )
A．Generatin f slar pwer.
B．Ht weather increasing efficiency.
C．Blue phtns having higher energy.
D．Separatin f the visible light spectrum.
解析：代词指代题。根据第二段中的“Blue nes have higher energy than red nes.”可知，蓝色光子比红色光子具有更高的能量，that后表达提供给蓝光发电所需的东西。由此可推知，that指的就是蓝色光子具有更高的能量这一情况。故选C。
3．What d we knw abut the rganic slar cells？( C )
A．They make fruits heat­sensitive.
B．They can cl dwn in ht days.
C．They allw red light t pass thrugh.
D．They can stre carbn­based materials.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This new technlgy culd be used…crps planted directly belw.”可知，这项新技术可以用于开发特殊的太阳能电池板，它可以阻挡蓝光以用于发电，同时将红光传递到直接种植在下面的作物上。由此可知，有机太阳能电池能够允许红光通过。故选C。
4．What des Abu Najm think f the future f the new slar panels？( B )
A．Limited.B．Prmising.
C．Uncertain.D．Challenging.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“If a technlgy can develp these panels, then the sky is the limit n hw efficient we can be.”可知，如果一项技术能够开发出这些电池板，那么天空就是我们效率的极限；再结合第三段中的“He sees ptential in the rganic slar cells”可推知，Abu Najm认为新型太阳能电池板是有前途的。故选B。
eq \a()
(2024·云南昆明高三模拟)
Frying French fries in space may be pssible, accrding t a recent study by Aristtle University f Thessalniki, Greece.
On Earth, we have gravity and buyancy(浮力)．Gravity makes sure that the il stays in the cker, and buyancy allws the bubbles that cme ut f the fries t travel upward s that the fries are cked.In space, which is under micrgravity, there is n buyancy.S scientists fr lng believed that frying wasn't pssible.
The research team first designed a sealed cntainer that culd fry the ptat safely in zer gravity and then tk the researchers n a ride.The plane climbed up, and then, at a certain pint, headed dwn just like a rller caster.There were abut 20 secnds f micrgravity when the plane reached the highest pint, during which the team did tests.
T their surprise, the fries were cked, and the bubbles were able t escape.When the ptat was fried, the water inside the ptat turned int vapr(水蒸气)．The vapr created pressure when released frm the ptat.The pressure inside the ptat allwed the bubbles t g ut and let the il cme in, accrding t the research paper.It shwed that “frying can ccur in space”．
This isn't the first attempt fr scientists t deep­fry French fries in “space”．Early in 2014, a grup f researchers cnducted studies under varius gravity.The agency's large centrifuge(离心机) can create artificial gravity frm 1 t 20g, with “g” referring t the gravitatinal acceleratin at the surface f the Earth.It has fur arms and can spin fast.During the spin, things held by the arm are under centrifugal frce, which is the surce f artificial gravity.The fries were cked under different gravity frm 1 t 9g.
They discvered that the French fries had the mst crispy(脆的) chips under 3g.It's interesting t mentin that Jupiter's gravity is 2.4 times that f Earth's gravity.S, French fries may have the perfect taste if cked n Jupiter, cmpared with ther planets in the slar system.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。由于太空的微重力环境以及缺乏浮力，科学家长期以来认为炸薯条是不可能的。最近的一项研究表明在太空中可以炸薯条。
5．What may make frying French fries pssible in space？( A )
A．The release f bubbles.
B．The transfrmatin f gravity.
C．The reductin f vapr.
D．The accumulatin f buyancy.
解析：推理判断题。 根据第二段内容和第四段中的“The vapr created pressure when released frm the ptat. The pressure inside the ptat allwed the bubbles t g ut and let the il cme in，accrding t the research paper.It shwed that ‘frying can ccur in space’．”可推知，炸薯条的前提是使薯条中的气泡释放出来。故选A项。
6．Why did the plane head dwn like a rller caster？( D )
A．T make a weightless sense.
B．T get apprpriate pressure.
C．T test the seal f the cntainer.
D．T create experiment cnditins.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The plane…headed dwn just like a rller caster. There were abut 20 secnds f micrgravity…during which the team did tests.”可知，飞机上升到一定高度后像过山车一样俯冲。在这个过程中，有20秒的时间飞机处于微重力状态，在此期间，团队进行了试验。由此可推知，飞机像过山车一样俯冲的目的是创造试验条件。故选D项。
7．What is the purpse f mentining the studies cnducted in 2014？( D )
A．T shw the functin f the centrifuge.
B．T find cmmn grund f varius experiments.
C．T prve the perfect taste f French fries n Jupiter.
D．T ffer mre evidence abut cking French fries in space.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“This isn't the first attempt fr scientists t deep­fry French fries in ‘space'.”可知，这不是科学家首次企图在“太空”中炸薯条。由此可知，下文提到2014年进行的研究的目的是提供更多关于在太空中炸薯条的证据。故选D项。
8．Where is the text mst prbably taken frm？( A )
A．A science magazine.
B．A ck bk.
C．A fd advertisement.
D．A travel brchure.
解析：推理判断题。综观全文，尤其是根据第一段“Frying French fries in space may be pssible, accrding t a recent study by Aristtle University f Thessalniki, Greece.”可知，文章主要介绍了希腊一所大学最近的一项研究，该研究打破了科学家以往的看法，证明在太空中可以炸薯条，因此本文最可能选自一本科学杂志。故选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·河北秦皇岛高三模拟)
What we believe we can becme is ften shaped by the wrld we see arund us.This is especially true fr yung children wh __1__ becming everything frm astrnauts t future wrld leaders.And it's ne f the reasns why representatin matters s much.Fr Asian American __2__ and Elaine Shen, she had never __3__ herself t be an inspiratin fr future generatins.That is until she received a(n) __4__ email frm a third­grader in Minnesta wh wanted t interview her fr a class __5__.
“I'm wrking n my big year­end prject，” the heart­warming message __6__. “I lve bilgy.I did sme nline research and fund yur website.I wuld like t ask if I culd __7__ yu.”
Needless t say, Shen was immediately __8__ by the email—s much s that she shared a screensht f the child's inspiring message n Twitter.The pst __9__ became ppular, gaining mre than 270，000 likes and 1，500 __10__ since she first shared it.
Many cmmenters were just as mved by the email as Shen was.“It's pretty amazing t witness that children are __11__ t achieve as much as yu have dne，” said ne Twitter user.Other readers were __12__ f their wn experiences with yung children grwing up.“Representatin matters, and it is __13__ the third­grader fund his rle mdel.”
Nw that the stry has tuched thusands, Shen has a renewed mtivatin t __14__ her Ph.D. and cntinue creating an envirnment f __15__ fr students within her field.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Elaine Shen的故事。一位明尼苏达州的小学生给她发送了一封电子邮件，希望采访她作为他年终大项目的一部分。Shen对这封邮件感到非常感动，并在推特上分享了这一信息。
1．( D )A.stuck tB．kept n
C．gave upD．dreamed f
解析：句意：这是真的，尤其是对于那些梦想着成为从宇航员到未来的世界领袖的儿童。根据空后“becming everything frm astrnauts t future wrld leaders”可知，这些儿童梦想着成为从宇航员到未来的世界领袖，故选D。stick t坚持；keep n继续；give up放弃；dream f梦想。
2．( A )A.bilgistB．chemist
C．physicistD．artist
解析：句意：对于亚裔美国生物学家和博士候选人Elaine Shen来说，她从没想过自己能激励后代。根据后文“I lve bilgy. I did sme nline research and fund yur website. I wuld like t ask if I culd __7__ yu.”可知，Elaine Shen是一个生物学家，故选A。bilgist生物学家；chemist化学家；physicist物理学家；artist艺术家。
3．( D )A.expressedB．named
C．cmparedD．cnsidered
解析：句意同上。根据空后“herself t be an inspiratin fr future generatins”可知，此处指她不认为自己能成为激励后代的人，故选D。express表达；name称之为；cmpare比较；cnsider认为。
4．( C )A.urgentB．lng
C．unexpectedD．cmmn
解析：句意：直到她收到了一封意外的来自明尼苏达州的一个三年级学生的电子邮件，邮件上说因为一次课堂项目，他想要采访她。根据前文“she had never __3__ herself t be an inspiratin fr future generatins”可知，她从未想过自己能激励后代，故可推知这封邮件对她来说是出乎意料的，故选C。urgent紧急的；lng长的；unexpected出乎意料的；cmmn常见的。
5．( A )A.prjectB．perfrmance
C．discussinD．speech
解析：句意同上。根据后文“I'm wrking n my big year­end prject”可知，此处指因为一个课堂项目想要采访她，故选A。prject项目； perfrmance表演；discussin讨论；speech演讲。
6．( B )A.infrmsB．reads
C．writesD．asks
解析：句意：这一暖心的留言写着：“我正在做一个年终大项目。我喜欢生物学。我做了一些网上的研究，发现了你的网站。我想问我是否能采访你。”根据空前“I'm wrking n my big year­end prject”及空后“I lve bilgy. I did sme nline research and fund yur website. I wuld like t ask if I culd __7__ yu.”可知，空前和空后都是在介绍留言所写的内容，read符合语境，故选B。infrm通知；read写着；write书写；ask询问。
7．( D )A.quteB．find
C．fllwD．interview
解析：句意同上。根据前文“That is until she received a(n) __4__ email frm a third­grader in Minnesta wh wanted t interview her fr a class __5__.”可知，前文提到一个三年级的学生想要采访她，故此处指留言询问是否可以采访她，故选D。qute引用；find找到；fllw跟随；interview采访。
8．( A )A.tuchedB．cnfused
C．frightenedD．surprised
解析：句意：不用说，Shen立刻就被这封邮件感动了，因此她在推特上分享了这个孩子鼓舞人心的信息的截图。根据后文“Many cmmenters were just as mved by the email as Shen was.”可知，很多评论者与Shen一样感动，故此处指Shen立刻就被这封邮件感动了，故选A。tuched感动；cnfused困惑的；frightened害怕的；surprised惊讶的。
9．( B )A.frequentlyB．immediately
C．exactlyD．eventually
解析：句意：从她第一次分享，这帖子立刻就火了起来，得到了27万多的点赞和1 500多条评论。根据后文“gaining mre than 270，000 likes and 1，500 __10__ since she first shared it”可知，从她第一次分享这个帖子，获得了27万多的点赞和1 500多条评论，故此处指这个帖子立刻就火了起来，故选B。frequently频繁地；immediately立刻地；exactly确切地；eventually最终。
10．( B )A.questinsB．cmments
C．pstsD．calls
解析：句意同上。根据后文“Many cmmenters were just as mved by the email as Shen was.”可知，很多评论者说他们与Shen一样很感动，故此处指1 500多条评论，故选B。questin问题；cmment评论；pst帖子；call电话。
11．( C )A.btheredB．requested
C．inspiredD．rdered
解析：句意：令人惊叹的是，孩子们会受到鼓励，去取得和你一样多的成就。根据前文“she had never __3__ herself t be an inspiratin fr future generatins”可知，她从未想过自己能激励后代，故此处指孩子受到鼓励，去尽可能多地取得成就，故选C。bther打扰；request要求；inspire鼓励；rder命令。
12．( D )A.accusedB．suspected
C．warnedD．reminded
解析：句意：其他的读者也想起了自己在孩子成长过程中的经历。根据空后“f their wn experiences with yung children grwing up”可知，此处指这个帖子让其他评论者想起了自己在孩子成长过程中的经历，故选D。accuse控告；suspect怀疑；warn警告；remind提醒，使想起。
13．( A )A.awesmeB．urgent
C．impssibleD．depressing
解析：句意：榜样很重要，令人惊叹的是，这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像。根据后文“the third­grader fund his rle mdel”可知，这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像，这件事应是令人惊叹的，故选A。awesme令人惊叹的，极佳的(课标生僻词)；urgent紧急的；impssible不可能的；depressing令人沮丧的。
14．( C )A.quitB．advcate
C．cmpleteD．use
解析：句意：现在，这个故事感动了上千人，Shen有了新的动力去完成她的博士学位，去继续支持她这个领域的学生。根据前文“ Elaine Shen”可知，Shen是博士候选人，故此处指她有了新的动力去完成她的博士学位，故选C。quit放弃；advcate拥护；cmplete完成；use使用。
15．( B )A.cmpetitinB．supprt
C．injusticeD．privacy
解析：句意同上。根据前文“It's pretty amazing t witness that children are __11__ t achieve as much as yu have dne”可知，Shen已经成为孩子们的偶像，故她也会为孩子们创造支持的氛围，在背后一直支持他们，故选B。cmpetitin竞争；supprt支持；injustice不公正；privacy隐私(课标生僻词)。
A.adj.现在的；当前的 B．adj.流通的 C．n.气流
D．n.潮流
A.adv.以其他方式 B．adv.否则；要不然
C．adv.除此以外
A.v.发射(卫星等) B．v.创办；发行 C．v.发动，发起(运动、战役等) D．n.新产品投入市场
最近，有网友在某英文论坛上发帖，征集网友们对“是否愿意在空间站体验一个月生活”的意见。请你用英语回帖，内容包括：
1．表明你的观点；
2．说明理由。
1．keep an eye n 注视着
2．with ne's eyes pen/narrwed 睁/眯着眼睛
3．eye sb. up and dwn 上下打量某人
4．squeeze ne's eyes shut 紧紧地闭着眼睛
5．lk sb. straight in the eye 直视某人的眼睛
6．turn ne's eyes t... 眼神转向……
7．shut ne's eyes 闭上眼睛
8．fall n 落在
run ut；n bard；result in；carry n；in clsing