高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习必修第三册　研真题•教考衔接

这是一份高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习必修第三册　研真题•教考衔接，共10页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五等内容，欢迎下载使用。
主题语境：人与社会 文体：说明文 主题：生物多样性数据偏差
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷D篇)In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin，” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable？”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it，” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin­nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye­catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt，” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places—and even species—that are nt well­sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
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[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏差，建议应用程序引导市民科学家获取更好的数据。
1．What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A．They are becming utdated.
B．They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C．They are limited in number.
D．They are used fr public exhibitin.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
2．What des Daru's study fcus n?
A．Threatened species.
B．Physical specimens.
C．Observatinal data.
D．Mbile applicatins.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。第二段的“I wanted t knw: Are they usable？”告诉了我们Daru的研究问题：它们可以用(来标示全球生物多样性)吗？they指代bservatinal data。由此可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据。故选C。
3．What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A．Mistakes in data analysis.
B．Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C．Imprper way f sampling.
D．Unreliable data cllectin devices.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，这些数据多来自市民科学家，这些人一般在自己生活的小范围内收集样本，而且常常收集那些能吸引他们注意力的生物样本。由此可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式不当。故选C。
4．What is Daru's suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A．Review data frm certain areas.
B．Hire experts t check the recrds.
C．Cnfirm the identity f the users.
D．Give guidance t citizen scientists.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places—and even species—that are nt well­sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image. (生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果来告知用户取样过多的地区，并将他们引导到取样不足的地区，甚至是物种上。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可推知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用程序应该给市民科学家提供指导。故选D。
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Ⅰ.词汇积累
1．dcument the species 记录物种(名词动化)
2．detect shifts in the number 检测到数量中的变化(一词多义)
3．with the rise f technlgy 随着科技的发展(一词多义)
4．lead authr f the study这项研究的主要作者(熟词生义)
5．utnumber the primary data 超过了原始数据(合成词＋熟词生义)
6．favr certain regins 支持某些地区(名词动化)
7．recrd their encunters with... 记录他们遇见了……(一词多义)
8．certain species 某些物种(一词多义)
9．with attractive r eye­catching features具有吸引人的或引人注目的特征(合成形容词“名词＋现在分词”，如peace­lving热爱和平的，time­cnsuming耗时的， meat­eating食肉的)
10．versampled areas 过度采样的地区(前缀ver­意为“超过”，如verestimate高估，versleep睡过头，verburdened负担过重的)
Ⅱ.句子解读
1．①In the race t dcument the species n Earth ②befre they g extinct, ③researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds.
[分析]①In the race t dcument the species n Earth在句中作状语；
②befre they g extinct为状语中的时间状语从句；
③researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds为句子的主干部分，是主谓宾结构。
[译文]在争分夺秒地记录地球上物种以免它们灭绝的竞赛中，研究人员和市民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。
2．①These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data ②that cmes frm physical specimens (标本)，③and ④since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, ⑤I wanted t knw: Are they usable?
[分析]①These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data 为第一个并列分句中的主句；
②that cmes frm physical specimens 为定语从句，修饰先行词data；
③and连接两个并列分句；
④第二个并列分句中since引导原因状语从句；
⑤I wanted t knw: Are they usable? 为第二个并列分句中的主句。
[译文]这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗？
3．①This makes sense ②because the peple ③wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists ④recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby.
[分析]①This makes sense为主从复合句中的主句，主谓结构；
②because引导原因状语从句；
③wh在此处引导定语从句，修饰the peple；
④recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰citizen scientists。
[译文]这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是市民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区遇到的物种。
4．①Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places—and even species—②that are nt well­sampled.
[分析]①该句子含有短语 d...；
②that are nt well­sampled为定语从句，修饰places和species。
[译文]生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果来告知用户取样过多的地区，并将他们引导到取样不足的地区，甚至是物种上。
5．①T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, ②bidiversity apps can als encurage users t ③have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.
[分析]①T imprve the quality f bservatinal data为动词不定式短语作目的状语；
②该句中含有“encurage sb. t d”结构，动词不定式作宾语补足语；
③have an expert cnfirm...为“have sb. d sth.” 结构，cnfirm为省略了t的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
[译文]为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。
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假设Peter为一位市民科学家(citizen scientist)，最近他发现了一组特别的生物数据并写信给Daru——一位生物多样性数据研究的专家——分享此事，请结合所学知识写好这封信。不少于80词。
Dear Daru，
I hpe this letter finds yu well. My name is Peter, a passinate citizen scientist with a keen interest in the wrld f bidiversity. In the curse f my recent field bservatins and data cllectin effrts, I have encuntered a set f particularly attractive bilgical data that I believe deserves yur expert attentin.
While cnducting a rutine survey, I nticed an unusual pattern in the distributin and behavir f a specific insect species. After carefully recrding their habitat preferences, feeding habits, and migratin patterns, I've cmpiled a cmprehensive data set that reveals a previusly undcumented adaptatin t climate change.
I am eager t share this data with yu, hping it might spark further investigatin r cllabratin.
Warmest regards!
Yurs，
Peter
二 阅读七选五
主题语境：人与自我 文体：说明文 主题：作家对词典的使用
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nt all great writers are great spellers. If yu want t be published, it's vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript(原稿). __1__ N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
I keep tw reference bks clse­by n my desk: dictinary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I dn't trust my laptp's spellchecker. __2__ Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I'm ld­fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers. I use the Cncise Oxfrd Dictinary and the Cllins Thesaurus.
__3__ It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.
In additin, I have an ld tw­vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary, picked up a few years ag in a bkshp sale fr just 99 pence. Of curse, with its 2，672 pages, it's nt exactly shrt. It cntains arund 163，000 wrds, plus wrd cmbinatins and idimatic phrases. __4__ Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there's nthing better.
Fr well ver a hundred years the mst influential English dictinary was Samuel Jhnsn's Dictinary f the English Language published in 1755.“T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk，” wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f “dull”. __5__ A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.
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A．I dn't ften use this dictinary.
B．It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C．But I still dn't want t replace them.
D．But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E．Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F．That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G．Dictinaries dn't always give yu enugh infrmatin.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者作为作家使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
1．F 解析：上文“If yu want t be published, it's vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally pre－sented manuscript (原稿)．(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的。)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性。F选项“That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合语境。故选F。
2．B 解析：上文“I dn't trust my laptp's spellchecker.”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器；下文提到了作者更喜欢精装书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能有缺点，所以B选项“It takes n accunt f the cntext.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了作者不相信电脑拼写检查器的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B。
3．E 解析：下文提到了词典的功能，E选项“Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.(当然，词典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了词典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E。
4．A 解析：下文“Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there's nthing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了词典的使用情况，A选项“I dn't ften use this dictinary.(我不经常用这本词典。)”是对词典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A。
5．D 解析：上文提到了编写词典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.”提到浏览词典也是一种乐趣，D选项“But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.(但是阅读词典是一件愉悦的事。)”是作者对词典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，构成转折关系。故选D。
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Ⅰ.词汇积累
1．submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript 提交一份完美的、专业呈现的手稿(一词多义)
2．take the truble t d sth.费神做某事；不辞辛劳地做某事(经典短语)
3．ld­fashined 守旧的，老派的，过时的(合成词，类似的还有kind­hearted 心地善良的，absent­minded 心不在焉的，bad­tempered 坏脾气的)
4．prefer a hard cver 更喜欢精装书(熟词生义)
5．leaf thrugh迅速翻阅；翻看(熟词生义)
6．plus wrd cmbinatins and idimatic phrases
再加上复合词和习语(一词多义)
7．cast yur eye ver 把目光投向(一词多义)
8．a rewarding experience一次有意义的体验(rewarding还可用meaningful/wrthwhile/valuable/fulfilling等代替)
Ⅱ.句子解读
1．Of curse, these days ①there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, ②but I'm ld­fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages ③I can leaf thrugh with my fingers.
[分析]①there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses为第一个并列分句，为there be句型；
②but连接并列句，其后为第二个并列分句，该句中enugh后为动词不定式短语作结果状语；
③I can leaf thrugh with my fingers为省略了that或者which的定语从句。
[译文]当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装书和能用手指翻阅的书页。
2．①It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, ②thus differentiating it frm ther wrds ③whse meanings are similar, but nt identical.
[分析]①give sb. sth.为give后接双宾语；
②thus后为现在分词短语作结果状语；
③whse meanings are similar, but nt identical为whse引导的定语从句。
[译文]它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。
3．In additin，①I have an ld tw­vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary, ②picked up a few years ag in a bkshp sale fr just 99 pence.
[分析]①此处是个简单句，句子为主谓宾结构；
②picked up a few years ag 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的an ld tw­vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary。
[译文]另外，我还有一套两卷的《牛津简明词典》的旧版，几年前在书店打折时买的，只花了99便士。
4．Hwever，①if I need t check the rigin f a wrd ②r t lk up examples f its usage, ③there's nthing better.
[分析]①此处if引导条件状语从句；
②r在此表示选择关系。连接t check the rigin f a wrd和t lk up examples f its usage；
③此处为there be句型，句中nthing better为“否定词＋比较级”，该用法表示最高级含义。
[译文]然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。
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假定你是Jeff，你的中国好友李华告知他在使用英英词典学习英语。请写一封回信，谈一谈自己的看法，内容包括：
1．英英词典的好处；
2．如何使用英英词典学习英语。
注意：词数80左右。
Dear Li Hua，
Delighted t hear frm yu abut yur interest in using an English­English dictinary t enhance yur English learning jurney, I'm writing t share sme pinins.
By cnsulting definitins in English, yu're immersing yurself in the language, which helps deepen yur cmprehensin f wrds and expressins. Besides, an English­English dictinary expses yu t a wider range f wrds. As t hw t make the mst f it, chse a passage r article and use the dictinary t lk up unfamiliar wrds.Pay attentin t the example sentences prvided，which ffer invaluable insights int hw the wrd is used in real­life situatins.
Keep up the gd wrk, and I'm sure yu'll see remarkable imprvement sn!
Yurs,
Jeff
体裁特点
本文属于现象性说明文。这类文章要紧扣提出的某一类现象，以此为核心进行出题。
这一类文章长难句多，考生需排除困难，对比题干，紧扣关键词句。
行文逻辑
本文的主要行文逻辑是讲述作家对词典的使用。挖空处前后思路清晰，逻辑鲜明，有同义替换(空1)，逻辑关系[因果关系(空2)、递进关系(空3)、转折关系(空4，空5)]。