高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习选择性必修第一册　UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF,ACHIEVEMENT

这是一份高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习选择性必修第一册　UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF,ACHIEVEMENT，共24页。
Madam Curie
Being an extrardinary and gentle wman genius，Madam Curie managed t discver tw kinds f radiactive elements，which were vital and crucial t physics.Distinct frm ther girls，she had a strng passin fr science and 1.cmmitted her whle life t scientific research.In 1891，she was admitted int the university, where she achieved great 2.academic perfrmances and as a cnsequence，she became the first wman prfessr．Under unbearable circumstances，
she and her husband spared n effrt t 3.analyze and evaluate pitchblende(沥青铀矿) with the bjective f 4.extracting radiactive substances and studying their prperties．Using flw charts and summing up what they had studied，the cuple 5.gradually drew a cnclusin that P and Ra did exist.In 1934，Madam Curie passed away and the whle wrld 6.murned the great lss f a remarkable scientist.
eq \a()
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
eq \a()重难考点
1 cmmit vt.承诺；保证；花(钱或时间) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(→cmmitted adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→cmmitment n．投入；奉献；承诺)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①With the bjective f being admitted t her dream academy，she is cmmitted t wrking (wrk) hard every day.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这能逐渐提高你的英语口语。
I strngly suggest yu cmmit an hur a day t reading English，which can gradually imprve yur ral English.(建议信)
③艾米丽承诺学习弹钢琴，每天练习一个小时。
Emily cmmitted herself t learning/learn hw t play the pian, practicing every day fr an hur.
eq \a()
(1)cmmit neself t (sth./ding sth./d sth.)
承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
cmmit sth.t (ding) sth.
将(时间或金钱)花在(做)某事上
(2)be cmmitted t (ding) sth. 致力于(做)某事
(3)make a cmmitment 作出承诺
[语料积累] (2024·全国甲卷)Finally, the rise f new energy vehicles reflects China's cmmitment t sustainable develpment and reducing carbn emissins.(发言稿)
新能源汽车的兴起体现了中国对可持续发展和降低碳排放的承诺。
2 acknwledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢(→acknwledgement n．承认；感谢；收件复函)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Tm acknwledged being defeated/having been defeated (defeat) in the English speech cmpetitin, which made us quite depressed.
②(2023·全国甲卷)Cnfucius is acknwledged t be (be) ne f the greatest ancient educatrs in China，wh greatly influenced China thrughut the histry.
[能力提升]——微写作
③大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义，而且充满激情。
It is universally/widely acknwledged that the film is nt nly instructive but als full f passin.(事物介绍)
eq \a()
acknwledge sb./sth.as/t be…
承认某人/某物是……acknwledge ding/having dne sth.
承认做了某事
acknwledge that… 承认……
It is universally/widely acknwledged that…
……是大家公认的。
[语料积累] I acknwledge my English teacher，withut whm I culdn't have made such great prgress in English.(感谢信)
我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。
3 insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Jack insisted that he had cmpleted (cmplete) his hmewrk befre ging ut t play.
②She insisted n persuading me until I prmised t give up this thught.
[能力提升]——微写作
③教练坚持要求每个球员每天至少练习一个小时，即使没有即将到来的比赛。
The cach insists that every player shuld practice fr at least an hur every day, even when there is n upcming match.(动作描写)
eq \a()
(1)insist n (ding) sth. 坚决要求/执意继续(做)某事
(2)insist作“坚决要求”讲时，后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可省略；作“坚持认为”讲时，从句用陈述语气，谓语动词根据需要选择相应的时态。
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Since I was tuched by his genersity, I insisted that I at least buy him lunch as my appreciatin.(情景描写)
由于被他慷慨的行为所感动，我坚持至少请他吃午饭以示感谢。
4 cnclusin n．结论；推论(→cnclude v．断定；推断出；结束，终止)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The famus nvelist cncluded his speech with a famus saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
②(2024·北京卷)In cnclusin (cnclude), China's 75 years f prgress have been remarkable．
[能力提升]——一句多译
③我从我自己的经历中得出结论：用自己的双手劳动很重要。
→I cncluded frm my wn experiences that it is imprtant t wrk with ur wn hands.(cnclude)
→I came t/reached/arrived at/drew a cnclusin frm my wn experiences that it is imprtant t wrk with ur wn hands.(cnclusin)(主旨升华)
eq \a()
(1)in cnclusin 最后；总之
cme t/reach/arrive at/draw a cnclusin
得出结论
(2)cnclude…with sth./by ding sth. 以……结束某事物或事件
t cnclude 总之
cnclude frm… 从……中得出结论
[语料积累] After a lng day f hiking, we cncluded ur trip by taking a grup pht at the tp f the muntain.(动作描写)
经过一整天的徒步旅行后，我们通过在山顶拍一张集体照结束了旅程。
5 circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Even under/in the circumstances，he still spared n effrt t imprve himself.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我感到非常尴尬，承诺自己在任何情况下都不要再犯这样的错误。
Feeling deeply embarrassed, I prmised myself that under/in n circumstances wuld I allw such an errr t happen again.(心理描写)
③情况允许的话，我会立即采取行动实现梦想。
If circumstances permit/allw，I will take immediate actin t achieve my dream.
eq \a()
under/in n circumstances
无论如何都不，决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此
if circumstances permit/allw 如果情况允许的话
[语料积累] Given the unusual circumstance f heavy rain, the schl decided t pstpne the utdr event until the weather imprved.(通知)
鉴于下大雨的特殊情况，学校决定将户外活动推迟到天气好转后再进行。
6 cnsequence n．结果，后果(→cnsequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的→cnsequently adv.因此)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①He finally btained his dctrate in Scial Psychlgy as/in a cnsequence f genius as well as the nvel thery he has put frward.
[能力提升]——一句多译
②我祖父在医院接受治疗，因此我得照顾他。
→My grandfather was under treatment in hspital，and as a cnsequence/in cnsequence，I have t take care f him.
→My grandfather was under treatment in hspital，and cnsequently，I have t take care f him.
eq \a()
as a cnsequence＝in cnsequence＝cnsequently＝as a result 因此
as/in a cnsequence f＝as a result f
因为……；由于……；作为……的结果
take the cnsequences 承担后果
[语料积累] I was t careless while handling the details, and as a result, the entire plan fell apart.S I had t take the cnsequences．
我在处理细节时太粗心，结果整个计划都被搞砸了。所以我必须承担后果。
7 take up a psitin担任；任职
[基础检测]——用take的相关短语填空
①Last weekend, my brther decided t take apart ur ld cmputer t see hw it wrked.He carefully tk dwn the mnitr.As he explained each part t me, I tried my best t take in the infrmatin.After a while, I tk ver and helped him put everything back tgether.
[能力提升]——微写作
②随着季节的变化，五颜六色的花朵盛开，公园呈现出新的面貌。
As the seasns changed, the park tk n a new lk with clrful flwers blming.(环境描写)
③她迫不及待地脱下泥泞的鞋子，放松疲惫的双脚，享受凉爽的微风。
She culdn't wait t take ff her muddy shes and relax her tired feet, enjying the cl breeze.(动作描写)
eq \a()
take up 拿起；占用，占据；开始从事；接受；继续
take apart 拆开
take dwn 放下；记下；拆除
take in 欺骗；吸收；理解
take ff (飞机)起飞；(事业)腾飞；脱下
take n 呈现；雇用；承担
take ver 接管；接替
[语料积累] (2023·全国乙卷)I asked my parents t allw me t take up a pian lessn.In the beginning, it was quite difficult t read the ntes.Hwever, it did nt discurage me.(投稿)
我请求父母允许我参加钢琴课。一开始，阅读音符相当困难。然而，这并没有让我气馁。
8 句型公式：upn/n ding意为“一……就……”
(教材原句)Upn hearing that she had been awarded the Nbel Prize, she said, “The hnur is nt just mine…”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①On his arrival (arrive) at the new schl, he felt nervus but was quickly welcmed by his classmates wh shwed him arund.(心理、动作描写)
[能力提升]——一句多译
②我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。
→As sn as my head was pulled ut f the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.(as sn as)
→The instant/mment/minute my head was pulled ut f the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.(名词短语构成的连词)
→Immediately/Instantly/Directly my head was pulled ut f the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.(副词作连词)
eq \a()
(1)“upn/n＋ding/n.”构成介词短语，用作时间状语，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，依据语境可译作“当……时；一……就……，在……的时候”。
(2)其他表示“一……就……”的连词/句式有：
①as sn as＋句子
②由名词短语构成的连词：the instant/mment/minute＋句子
③由副词作连词：instantly/immediately/directly＋句子
[语料积累] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Upn/On hearing the sht f the race，everyne just rushed frward；nly a small thin bdy was staggering behind.(动作描写)
一听到比赛的枪声，大家都向前冲去，只有一个瘦小的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。
9 句型公式：状语从句的省略
(教材原句)While wrking there, ut f a strng passin fr knwledge, he cntinued t study, earning a dctrate in physics in 1905.
在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①When cmpleted (cmplete), the museum will be pen t the public next year.
②Success in business is simply a matter f knwing when t take (take) a chance.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③When I was waving gdbye t them n the platfrm，I felt happy fr them and wished them a safe jurney.
→When waving gdbye t them n the platfrm，I felt happy fr them and wished them a safe jurney.(用“连词＋分词”式的省略结构改写)
eq \a()
While wrking there相当于While he was wrking there。when, while, unless, as if等引导状语从句时，若从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可以省略，构成“连词＋v.­ing/v.­ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构。
[语料积累] While wrking，I realised hw hard it was t wrk in the fields under a ht sun.(活动介绍)
劳动时，我意识到烈日下在地里干活是多么辛苦。
eq \a()拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．Many residents were frced t flee frm their hmes due t the wildfire.
2．He has always had a passin fr cking, experimenting with new recipes and flavrs.
3．T sum up, teamwrk, clear cmmunicatin, and dedicatin are key factrs.
4．The cmpany was funded in 2010, with the bjective f prviding better services t the markets in Africa.
eq \a()
1．t sum up 总结；概括
2．be crucial t/fr 对……是至关重要的
3．flee frm 从……逃出来
4．have a passin fr 酷爱，喜爱
5．with the bjective f 带/怀着……目的
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——名词后缀­sin/­ssin
名词后缀­sin/­ssin表示性质或行为等。例如本单元中的单词：cnclusin(n. 结论；推论)是由动词cnclude (总结)去掉de＋后缀­sin转化而来。名词后缀­sin/­ssin的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The divisin f the class int small grups allwed students t wrk mre effectively n the prject.n. 分割
2．The expansin f the shpping mall included new stres, a fd curt, and a mvie theater. n. 扩张
3．The extensin f the subway line will make it easier fr peple t travel t the city center. n. 延伸
4．Admissin t the museum is free n weekends, allwing mre peple t enjy the exhibits. n. 入场费；门票费
5．The submissin deadline fr the essay cmpetitin is next Friday, s make sure t finish n time. n. 提交
eq \a()
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．acknwledge
(1)I acknwledge my mther，wh always supprts me whatever happens.C
(2)He acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng.A
(3)All applicatins will be acknwledged by emails.B
2．flw
(1)There is n denying that the gvernment encurages the flw f gds and services t remte areas.C
(2)Large numbers f villagers cntinue t flw int big cities t search fr jbs.E
(3)(2021·北京卷)We're nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers.A
(4)T many examples can interrupt the smth flw f the text.B
(5)(2021·天津3月卷)Secnds later，ur lizard emerged frm its tank with its ld skin flwing behind it.F
(6)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream，fr example，ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived.D
3．take up
(1)Smetimes, the smallest things take up the mst rm in yur heart.B
(2)When did yu take up Japanese as a secnd freign language？A
(3)Harry tk up the tale at the pint where Jhn had left ff.D
(4)I tk up the telephne receiver nly t dial a wrng number.C
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn't have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves.n. 流畅，连贯
[点拨]flw (熟义) n．流；流动；供应 vi.流；流动。此处用作名词，意为“流畅，连贯”。
2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand.n. 通风气流
[点拨]draft (熟义) n. 草案；草稿；草图 vt. 起草；草拟。此处用作名词，意为“通风气流”。
3．(2021·北京卷)Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars, early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena.adj. 新颖的，与众不同的
[点拨]nvel (熟义) n．(长篇)小说。此处用作形容词，意为“新颖的，与众不同的”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/单元语法(非限制性定语从句)
1．She has been cmmitted t vlunteering (vlunteer) at the lcal animal shelter every weekend, believing that her effrts make a psitive difference.
2．She acknwledged cpying/having cpied (cpy) her friend's hmewrk but explained that she did it because she had been sick and culdn't finish her wrk n time.
3．Despite the cld weather, he insists n jgging (jg) every mrning at 6 am, believing that this rutine helps him stay healthy.
4．In cnclusin, teamwrk is essential in any successful prject.
5．She neglected her studies, and as a cnsequence, she failed several f her exams.
6．He decided t take up phtgraphy as a new hbby, spending weekends explring the city t capture unique and interesting scenes.
7．The publicatin f Great Expectatins, which was bth widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading nvelist (nvel)．
8．They planned t keep the budget lw by living n biled (bil) ndles.
9．As the small bat mved gently (gentle) alng the river, he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.
10．He stressed the self­cultivatin, respect fr elders, and the pursuit f knwledge，which serves as a guiding light in ur fast­paced and intercnnected wrld.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．对学生来说，按时完成所有作业是一项具有挑战性的任务。(it作形式主语)
It is a challenging task fr students t finish all their assignments n time．
2．一收到奖学金，他立刻打电话给父母分享这个好消息。
Upn/On receiving the schlarship, he immediately called his parents t share the gd news．(动作描写)
3．洗碗时，我不小心打碎了一个盘子。
While washing the dishes, I accidentally brke a plate．(情景描写)
4．她走进房间，就好像她是主人一样。(as thugh)
She walked int the rm as thugh she were the wner．
5．她的父母坚持让她在争吵后向她的朋友道歉。
Her parents insisted that she (shuld) aplgize t her friend after their argument．(情景描写)
6．If circumstances allw, we plan t have a picnic this weekend.(活动介绍)
→Circumstances allwing, we plan t have a picnic this weekend．(改为独立主格结构)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
The Her in My Eyes
My mther is the her in my eyes. She 1.takes up a psitin as (任职) a cashier at a supermarket.
I used t think her jb easy, but I gradually realise my mther 2.deserves respect fr ding a remarkable jb all these years with great passin(这些年来怀着极大的热情，做着一份出色的工作，值得尊敬)．Mrever, my mther takes pride in her wrk.She faces custmers with a gentle smile and 3.insists n wrking hard(坚持努力工作；insist n) even when tired.Thugh she wrks lng hurs daily, she finds time t d husewrk and spends time with me.
Inspired by her, I have learnt 4.nt t acknwledge defeat easily when I encunter difficulties(遇到困难时不轻易认输；when引导时间状语从句)．
维度二 读后续写微技能17——动作细节描写：动“手”
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．他撕开了随信寄来的淡黄色信封。
He tre pen the creamy envelp that had been enclsed in the letter．
2．我正忙着在脑海中组织语言，坐在我旁边的女孩轻轻推了我一下。
I was rganising my wrds in my head when the girl next t me gave me a nudge. (外研版必修一U1)
3．鲍勃疑惑地展开纸条。他看完纸条时，双手颤抖。
Dubtfully, Bb unflded the nte. His hands were shaking by the time he had finished reading． (外研版必修一U4)
4．她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。
She signalled t her students t exit the classrm in an rderly line cvering their heads with their hands. (译林版必修三U2)
5．我伸手去取，以为会碰到米饭和蔬菜，结果手却伸进了一碗温热的浓汤里。
I reached dwn, expecting rice and vegetables, but instead stuck my hand int a bwl f warm, thick sup．
任务2 语段表达
Anna saw her little brther crying n the playgrund. She walked ver and 1.spread her hands in cncern (担心地摊开双手), wndering what had happened. Gently, 2.she patted him n the shulder (她拍了拍他的肩膀) and held ut her hand, ffering cmfrt. Her brther hesitated, then slwly 3.tk her hand (牵住了她的手), his tears still rlling dwn his cheeks. With a sft smile, Anna led him t a bench, where they 4.sat hand in hand (手拉手坐下). After a few mments, she cupped his face in her hands and whispered kind wrds, helping him calm dwn. As the bell rang, they std up, and Anna 5.waved gdbye t her brther (向她弟弟挥手告别), prmising t see him after schl.
————基础默测—————
eq \a() 默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．device n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器
2．frmula n. 公式；方程式；配方
3．extract n. 提取物；摘录 vt. 提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
4．wrmwd n. 蒿；洋艾
5．mustache (especially US mustache) n. 上唇的胡子；髭
6．substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据
7．peculiarity n. 个性；特点；怪异的性质
8．murn vt. & vi. 哀悼；忧伤
9．prperty n. 性质；特征；财产
10．patent n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的
11．dctrate n. 博士学位
12．extrardinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
二、核心单词写得准
1．infer vt. 推断；推定
2．numerus adj. 众多的；许多的
3．defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜
4．apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然
5．insist vi. & vt. 坚持；坚决要求
6．mstly adv. 主要地；一般地
7．flee vi. & vt. (fled，fled) 迅速离开；逃跑
8．circumstance n. [usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
9．flw n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi. 流；流动
10．passin n. 酷爱；激情
11．fund vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在
12．gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
13．genius n. (pl. geniuses) 天才；天资；天赋
14．btain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行
15．thery n. 理论；学说
16．encunter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇
17．sum vi. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和
18．draft n. 草稿；草案 vt. 起草；草拟
三、拓展单词通变化
1．remark n. 言论， 谈论 v. 评论， 谈论→remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的→remarkably adv. 非凡地；显著地
2．vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的→vitally adv. 极其；绝对
3．cmmit vt. 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入 (工作、活动等)→cmmitted adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→cmmitment n. 承诺；保证；投入；奉献
4．academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj. 学业的；学术的
5．bject n. 目标；物体；宾语 vt. 提出……作为反对的理由 vi. 反对；不同意→bjective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的
6．btany n. 植物学→btanical adj. 植物学的
7．evaluate vt. 评价；评估→evaluatin n. 评估；评价
8．distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinctin n. 区别；差别；特性→distinctive adj. 独特的，特别的
9．bil vt. & vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点→biling adj. 炽热的→biled adj. 煮沸的
10．acknwledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→acknwledgement n. 承认；感谢
11．analyse vt. 分析→analysis n. 分析；分析结果
12．science n. 科学→scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientist n. 科学家
13．cnclude v. 推断；结束，终止→cnclusin n. 结论；推论
14．plitics n. 政治→plitician n. 从政者；政治家；政客→plitical adj. 政治的
15．nvel n. (长篇)小说→nvelist n. 小说家
16．relative adj. 相对的 n. 亲属→ relativity n. 相对论；相对性→relatively adv. 相对地
17．cnsequent adj. 随之发生的→cnsequently adv. 因此，所以→cnsequence n. 结果；后果
18．institute n. (教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑→institutin n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗
四、重点词块明搭配
1．lead t 导致
2．insist n 坚决要求
3．cmmit neself t (sth./ding sth./d sth.)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
4．cme t pwer (开始)掌权；上台
5．take up a psitin 担任；任职
6．sum up 总结；概括
7．with the bjective f 目的是
8．get stuck 进入僵局；遇到困难
9．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
10．be mistaken fr 被误认为
五、教材佳句会运用
1．当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后是一个团队以及全国人民……” (n/upn＋名词/动名词)
Upn hearing that she had been awarded the Nbel Prize, she said, “The hnur is nt just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the peple f my cuntry…”
2．中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。(it作形式主语)
It is indeed an hnur fr China's scientific research and Chinese medicine t be spread arund the wrld.
3．在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。(状语从句的省略)
While wrking there, ut f a strng passin fr knwledge, he cntinued t study, earning a dctrate in physics in 1905.
4．他留着浓密的小胡子和白色的长发，有时头发都竖起来，好像他刚刚挨了电击一样。(as thugh)
He had a thick mustache and lng white hair, which smetimes std n end as thugh he had just received an electric shck.
eq \a() 基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances (物质) frm sme sludge (污泥).
2．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A cmputer system will analyse (分析) the vide t determine whether a cw is sick.
3．There's a certain feeling that giving can d fr yu and that was apparent (显而易见的) in thse that gave the mst.
4．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Evaluate (评价，评估) yur perfrmance and, if needed, redefine yur rle.
5．In Dallas, ne dllar invested in arts culd harvest an extrardinary (意想不到的) return f nearly $300.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It's that kind f curage and determinatin that makes him such a remarkable (remark) character.
2．(2023·全国乙卷)Frm the English side, we have scientific (science) reprts and the captain's recrd f that terrible day.
3．(2023·全国乙卷)Althugh landscapes in the Midwest tend t be quite similar, either farm fields r highways, smetimes I find distinctive (distinct) character in the hills r lakes.
4．With electric cars becming ppular, we believe that the level f air pllutin will be reduced gradually (gradual)．
5．The nvelist (nvel) was abut t leave when he nticed leaves mving gently (gentle) in the breeze.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．In the lng­term medical practice, the first peple summed up a lt f valuable experience.
2．It is ur duty t make cntributins t ur mtherland.
3．Since they insist n ging, we'll simply push the bat with the current and let them g with us.
4．(2023·全国乙卷)I have missed plenty f beautiful sunsets/sunrises due t being n the spt nly five minutes befre the best mment.
5．It has been tw years since this party came t pwer. Many peple wnder whether it will stay n.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．(2021·浙江6月卷)一靠近房屋，我就注意到我的爸爸和妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁，一脸悲伤。(upn ding)
Upn appraching the huse, I nticed my dad and mum standing beside the ld truck, lking sad.
2．在欧洲旅行时，他发现了许多有趣的事情，体验了不同的文化风俗。(状语从句的省略)
While travelling in Eurpe, he fund many interesting things and experienced different cultures.
3．我真诚地希望你梦想成真。当那一天到来时，带你参观北京是我的荣幸。(it作形式主语)
I sincerely hpe yur dream will cme true and it's my hnur t shw yu arund Beijing when that day cmes.
4．(2022·浙江1月卷)我走到我的新队友面前，自我介绍。他看着我，好像我不存在似的。(as thugh)
I went up t my new teammate and intrduced myself. He lked at me as thugh I weren't there．
课时作业17
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
eq \a()
(2024·东北三省联考)
German physicist Albert Einstein is ne f the mst famus scientists f all time, the persnificatin f a genius and the subject f a whle industry f schlarship. In The Einsteinian Revlutin, tw experts n Einstein's life and his thery f relativity—Israeli physicist Hanch Gutfreund and German histrian f science Jürgen Renn—ffer an riginal and penetrating(精辟的) analysis f Einstein's revlutinary cntributins t physics and ur view f the physical wrld.
Fr the first time ever, by setting Einstein's wrk in the lng curse f the evlutin f scientific knwledge, Gutfreund and Renn discver the ppular miscnceptin abut Einstein as an uncnventinal scientific genius wh created mdern physics single­handedly and by pure thught alne.
As a large part f the bk explains, Einstein typically argued that science prgresses thrugh steady evlutin, nt thrugh revlutinary breaks with the past. He saw his thery f relativity nt as smething frm scratch, but a natural extensin f the classical physics develped by pineers such as Italian astrnmer Galile Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newtn in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as nineteenth­century physicists.
The authrs highlight hw classical physics cannt be separated cleanly frm mdern Einsteinian physics. The bk als includes substantial sectins n Plish astrnmer Niclaus Cpernicus and Galile whse methds inspired Einstein. When Einstein cnsidered himself as standing n their shulders, he meant that, withut their cntributins, he wuld nt have frmulated(认真阐述) the thery f relativity.
The Einsteinian Revlutin is an imprtant and thught­prvking cntributin t the schlarly literature n Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might nt have given the final answer as t why Einstein, f all peple, revlutinized physics in the way that he did. But they argue in fascinating detail that, t understand his genius, ne must take int accunt nt just the earlier histry f physics but als the histry f knwledge mre bradly. Althugh nt always an easy read, the bk will interest physicists and histrians alike.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章旨在介绍和评价一本关于爱因斯坦及其相对论的书——《爱因斯坦革命》。
1．What's the attitude f Gutfreund and Renn t the ppular viewpint n Einstein？( A )
A．Oppsing.B．Favrable.
C．Ambiguus.D．Indifferent.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Fr the first time ever…and by pure thught alne.”可知，Gutfreund和Renn对流行的关于爱因斯坦的观点持反对的态度，故选A项。
2．What des the underlined phrase “frm scratch” prbably mean？( A )
A．Frm nthing.
B．Up t a certain standard.
C．By learning frm thers.
D．With previus knwledge.
解析：词句猜测题。画线短语上文“Einstein typically argued that science prgresses thrugh steady evlutin, nt thrugh revlutinary breaks with the past” 提到爱因斯坦通常认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展，而不是对过去革命性的突破；画线短语下文“but a natural extensin f the classical physics develped by pineers such as Italian astrnmer Galile Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newtn in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as nineteenth­century physicists”提到他的理论是由意大利天文学家Galile Galilei、英国物理学家Isaac Newtn等先驱以及19世纪物理学家发展起来的经典物理学的自然延伸。由此可推出画线短语的含义为“从零开始”，故选A项。
3．What des the authr mean t say by mentining the famus physicists？( C )
A．Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B．Their devtin t physics impressed Einstein.
C．Their research cntributed t Einstein's success.
D.Their hard wrk deserved the wrldwide respect.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“but a natural extensin…as well as nineteenth­century physicists”可推知，作者提到这些著名物理学家是为了说明他们的研究为爱因斯坦的成功做出了贡献，故选C项。
4．Where is the text mst prbably taken frm？( B )
A．A guidebk t a curse.
B．An intrductin t a bk.
C．An essay n Albert Einstein.
D．A review f physics develpment.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“In The Einsteinian Revlutin…and ur view f the physical wrld.”、第三段“As a large part f the bk…with the past.”以及最后一段“Althugh nt always…and histrians alike.”可推出，本文最可能取自一本书的序言，故选B项。
eq \a()
(2024·河南郑州高三质量检测)
Yu hate me. Yu dn't even knw me and yu hate me. Befre we've even spken, yu hate me. At least that's hw it feels n my end f the call as a female Cllectins Officer at a call center.
I dread the mment when I have t lg n t ur phne system first thing in the mrning because I never knw wh is ging t be n the ther end f that call.
Smetimes it's an easy task. The caller is pleasant and has accepted persnal respnsibility fr their debts, and we get thrugh the phne call with ease. Then there are the nes wh call in lking fr a fight, r lking fr smene t blame. Thrugh the luck f the phne system, that persn is me.
I've had peple wh shut at me, call me hrrible names, accuse me persnally f taking their mney and threaten me. Why? I think it's because I am invisible. I think I wuld nt be treated with the same level f disrespect if we were face t face. Frtunately fr me, I have had years f experience in custmer service, s I'm fairly rich in nt letting the negative encunters bther me.
The biggest and mst effective skill when it cmes t the jb is empathy (同感). I can appreciate the situatin which the caller is in because I've been there. That's why I'm gd at my jb—I understand what yu're ging thrugh, and I'm here t help.
Sme days thugh, n matter hw much I try t leave the stress behind when I hang up the phne, it stays with me. I may d sme deep breathing, g fr a quick walk r simply stick my head utside fr a burst f fresh air. I d this s I dn't carry that negativity n t my next call. That next call may be a persn having the wrst day f their life, but I dn't want t ever be the ne wh makes it wrse. We are all humans just trying t get by in life, which makes yu and me equal. S please, the next time we talk, remember that.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者作为呼叫中心收款员的工作不被人尊重，常受人憎恶。尽管作者也能换位思考，理解客户，但还是希望得到平等的对待和尊重。
5．What des the underlined wrd “dread” in paragraph 2 prbably mean？( B )
A．Enjy.B．Fear.
C．Expect.D．Avid.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Yu hate me.Yu dn't even knw me and yu hate me. Befre we've even spken, yu hate me.”可知，作者作为呼叫中心的收款员，在和客户的交往中，总是受到厌恶甚至憎恨，所以每天当作者必须登录电话系统时，她应是感到害怕，故B项与画线词的意思最为接近。故选B。
6．Why des the authr think sme callers treat her badly？( C )
A．They get angry t easily.
B．They blame her fr their debts.
C．They d nt see her as a real persn.
D．They accuse her f taking their mney.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I think it's because I am invisible.”可知，作者认为自己没有得到尊重是因为她在电话的另一端，仿佛是一个看不见的、不真实的人。故选C。
7．Why des the authr think she is gd at her jb？( C )
A．She can ffer callers best advice.
B．She is always respected by callers.
C．She can put herself in thers' shes.
D．She isn't easily influenced by negativity.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The biggest and mst effective skill when it cmes t the jb is empathy(同感). I can appreciate the situatin which the caller is in because I've been there.”可知，作者认为自己能够做好这份工作的原因是她有同理心，能够理解打电话的人所处的境地，也就是说，作者能够换位思考。故选C。
8．What is the authr's main purpse in writing this text？( A )
A．T call fr understanding f her jb.
B．T explain why she is gd at her jb.
C．T intrduce what she is respnsible fr.
D．T cmplain abut her being treated badly.
解析：推理判断题。本文第一、二段讲到了作者工作中遇到的不受尊重的场景；第三段讲述作者在工作中遇到的形形色色的人；第四、五段作者分析了原因并讲述了自己能够应付这些情况的关键技能；再结合最后一段中的“We are all humans just trying t get by in life, which makes yu and me equal. S please, the next time we talk, remember that.”可推理出，作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁人们尊重和理解她的工作。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·江西师大附中高三开学摸底)
My wrk in cancer research was generating a lt f waste every day. As ur research turned t full capacity, ur waste prductin __1__.
I went t my adviser and suggested the idea f __2__ 3D­printed lab tls ut f sme f ur waste. She __3__ me and then I secured funding t purchase recycling equipment. But after mnths f __4__， the prject didn't g as I had imagined and prgressed slwly. S it was a welcme __5__ when my c­wrkers brainstrmed ther ways t reduce ur envirnmental __6__.
We created a grup t push fr greener ways t __7__. We began meeting mnthly t cme up with slutins. Over the fllwing mnths, we __8__ new recycling bins t each lab s that ur plastic waste culd be srted __9__.We created rules fr each device t be energy­efficient. I'm still disappinted that I culdn't fully realize my 3D­printing __10__.I am stubbrn enugh t keep trying. But I've als learned that if ne apprach isn't wrking, smetimes it's best t __11__ and lk fr ther slutins. I'm thankful that with the help f the __12__ cmmunity arund me, we are able t d that.
I encurage scientists everywhere t think abut ways t reduce the __13__ impact f their wn research. The wrk we d is imprtant. But we shuld als d ur part t be as sustainable as we can. After all, what __14__ des ur science have if, ultimately, there remains n __15__ planet we can call ur hme?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在癌症研究工作中意识到每日产生大量废物的问题，并试图通过3D打印实验室工具来回收利用部分废物。尽管初期项目进展不顺利，但团队成员共同努力，采取了诸如增加分类回收箱、制定节能规则等措施来减少环境足迹。作者还鼓励科学家们要保护好地球，不要因为科学研究而对地球造成伤害。
1．( D )A.returnedB．declined
C．stabilizedD．rcketed
解析：句意：随着研究全面展开，我们的废弃物产量大幅增加。根据上文“As ur research turned t full capacity”和下文“I went t my adviser and suggested the idea f __2__ 3D­printed lab tls ut f sme f ur waste.”可知，作者的研究工作会产生废弃物，随着他们研究工作的全面展开，产生的废弃物也会大幅增加。故选D。return返回；decline下降；stabilize稳定(由stable派生而来)；rcket猛增(熟词生义)。
2．( A )A.creatingB．buying
C．brrwingD．renting
解析：句意：我去找导师并提出了用我们的一些废弃物创造3D打印的实验室工具的想法。根据空后“3D­printed lab tls ut f sme f ur waste”以及“I secured funding t purchase recycling equipment”可知，作者觉得研究中产生的废弃物太多，所以他找导师建议用这些废弃物来创造3D打印的实验室工具。故选A。create创造；buy购买；brrw借用；rent出租。
3．( C )A.suspectedB．criticized
C．encuragedD．cmfrted
解析：句意：她鼓励了我，然后我成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。根据句中“I secured funding t purchase recycling equipment”可知，作者的导师同意了他的建议，并鼓励了他，让他成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。故选C。suspect怀疑；criticize批评；encurage(由curage派生而来)鼓励；cmfrt安慰(多义词)。
4．( A )A.struggleB．discussin
C．trainingD．cnfusin
解析：句意：但是经过几个月的努力，该项目并没有按照我想象的方式进行，进展缓慢。根据句中“the prject didn't g as I had imagined and prgressed slwly”可知，虽然作者努力了几个月，但是这个项目并没有像他想象的那样进展顺利。故选A。struggle努力；discussin(由discuss派生而来)讨论；training训练；cnfusin(由cnfuse派生而来)困惑。
5．( B )A.surceB．relief
C．targetD．success
解析：句意：所以当同事们集思广益提出其他减少我们环境足迹的方法时，这无疑是一个让人松一口气的事。根据下文“when my c­wrkers brainstrmed ther ways t reduce ur envirnmental __6__”可知，作者的方法并没有起作用，所以当同事们提出其他的方法时，作者感到松了一口气。relief表示“在困境中得到帮助或找到新方法的轻松感”。故选B。surce来源；relief (焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻；target目标；success成功。
6．( D )A.distributinB．ptin
C．phaseD．ftprint
解析：句意同上。根据上文“I went t my adviser and suggested the idea f __2__ 3D­printed lab tls ut f sme f ur waste.”可知，同事们也提出了一些减少环境足迹的方法。 ftprint在此指的是研究活动对环境造成的影响。故选D。distributin(由distribute派生而来)分布；ptin选项；phase阶段；ftprint(由名词ft＋名词print合成而来)脚印；足迹。
7．( C )A.cureB．defend
C．perateD．negtiate
解析：句意：我们成立了一个小组，力推更加绿色的方式来运作实验室。根据下文“We began meeting mnthly t cme up with slutins.”可知，作者的团队成立了一个小组，来改进实验室的操作方式，以减少对环境的影响。故选C。cure治愈；defend保卫；perate操作，运转；negtiate谈判。
8．( B )A.cmmentedB．intrduced
C．mvedD．kncked
解析：句意：接下来几个月，我们在每个实验室都引入了新的回收箱，以便我们的塑料废弃物能够被正确地分类。根据空后“new recycling bins t each lab”可知，作者的团队以更加绿色的方式来改进实验室的操作，所以他们应是引入了新的回收箱。故选B。cmment评论；intrduce引入；mve移动；knck敲。
9．( A )A.prperlyB．typically
C．naturallyD．annually
解析：句意同上。根据上文“we __8__ new recycling bins t each lab”可知，作者的实验室引入了新的回收箱，以便能够正确地将塑料废弃物进行分类。故选A。prperly正确地；typically典型地；naturally自然地；annually每年地。
10．( C )A.recipeB．preventin
C．visinD．assciatin
解析：句意：至今仍令我感到失望的是，我未能完全实现我的3D打印设想。根据上文“But after mnths f __4__， the prject didn't g as I had imagined and prgressed slwly.”可知，作者以前提出的3D打印的设想并没有实现，所以他感到非常失望。故选C。recipe配方；preventin(由prevent派生而来)预防；visin构想；assciatin(由assciate派生而来)协会。
11．( D )A.set ffB．speak ut
C．hld nD．step back
解析：句意：但我也认识到，如果一种方法行不通，有时候最好后退一步，寻找其他解决方案。根据下文“and lk fr ther slutins”可知，作者的方法在努力之后依然行不通，所以他觉得有时候需要后退一步，寻找新的方法。故选D。set ff出发；speak ut说出；hld n继续；step back后退一步。
12．( B )A.lcalB．academic
C．finalD．new
解析：句意：我很感激，在周围学术社区的帮助下，我们能够做到这一点。根据上文“I'm thankful”可知，作者能够做到这些是因为其他学术社区帮助了他。“academic cmmunity” 指的是科研领域内的同行和团队。故选B。lcal本地的(多义词)；academic学术的；final最终的；new新的。
13．( C )A.fundamentalB．histrical
C．envirnmentalD．financial
解析：句意：我鼓励各地的科学家们都去思考如何减少自己研究的环境影响。根据上文的“when my c­wrkers brainstrmed ther ways t reduce ur envirnmental __6__”可知，作者鼓励科学家们要思考如何减少自己的研究对环境的影响。故选C。fundamental基础的；histrical历史的；envirnmental环境的；financial财政的。
14．( A )A.significanceB．pssibility
C．frtuneD．depth
解析：句意：毕竟，如果我们最终没有一个可以称为家园的可持续发展的星球，那么我们的科学又有什么意义呢？根据下文“if, ultimately, there remains n __15__ planet we can call ur hme”可知，作者觉得如果地球遭到了破坏，那么科学研究就没有意义了。故选A。significance(由significant派生而来)意义；pssibility可能性(由pssible派生而来)；frtune财富；depth(由deep派生而来)深度。
15．( B )A.bradB．supprtive
C．differentD．particular
解析：句意同上。根据语境可知，此处表示如果地球遭到了破坏，不再是一个能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球，那么科学研究也就没有了意义。故选B。brad宽的；supprtive(由supprt派生而来)支持的；different不同的；particular特指的。
academic；analyze；cmmit；extract；gradually；murn
A.v.承认 B．v.告知收到 C．v.公开感谢
A.n.流动量 B．n.流畅 C．n.供应 D．vi.液体流动 E．vi.大量人或物流动 F．vi.(头发、衣服)松松垂下，飘拂
A.学着做，开始做 B．占据(时间、空间) C．拿起
D．继续(中断的话)
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在组织以“我眼中的英雄”为题的作文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．人物简介；
2．她或他令你感动的地方。
1．give sb. a nudge 轻推某人一下
2．cver ne's head with ne's hands 某人抱着头
3．reach dwn 伸手取续表
4．stick/slide ne's hand int 把手伸进
5．tear pen 撕开
6．spread ne's hands 摊开双手
7．hld ut ne's hand 伸出手
8．take ne's hand 牵某人的手
9．grasp/hld ne's hand 抓住某人的手
10．pat/tap sb. n the shulder/head 拍拍某人的肩膀/头
11．wave gdbye t sb. 向某人挥手告别
12．put up/raise ne's hand 举手
13．shake hands with 与……握手
14． ne's hands 将……捧在手心
15．pen ne's hands 张开双手
16．hand in hand手拉手
cme t pwer；make cntributins t；due t；sum up；insist n