初中英语外研版（2024）八年级上册（2024）Presenting ideas练习

这是一份初中英语外研版（2024）八年级上册（2024）Presenting ideas练习，共11页。
时文阅读
Passage 1
Singapre is ne f the cleanest cuntries in the wrld and attracts a large number f peple arund the wrld every year. Peple in the cuntry have many strict rules in public. These rules make sure that streets are clean and parks lk nice. Nw, we’ve listed the “Ds and Dn’ts” in Singapre.
There are many things yu must d in Singapre. When using the escalatr (自动扶梯) in Singapre, yu must stand n the left and walk n the right. This allws thse peple wh want t walk up t g arund yu easily. Singapre als prvides bike-riding rads and walking rads, s yu must make sure yu walk n the right rads. This keeps everyne much safer. And cash (现金) is welcmed in Singapre. Many shps in the neighbrhd hpe custmers t pay in cash, s having enugh cash in hand is imprtant.
Als, yu must bring a bttle if yu want t drink water, because yu can get tap water (自来水) easily in Singapre. The water is carefully tested, s it’s safe t drink straight frm the tap. Bttled water is widely available but it’s quite expensive, while tap water is gratis.
Hwever, there are sme things that yu can’t d. In Singapre, fr example, the sale f chewing gum (口香糖) is nt allwed. Yu cannt even bring gum with yu. T keep public transprtatin clean, eating and drinking n trains and buses is nt allwed, as it can make the seats and flrs dirty. Yu can’t play lud music r talk ludly n yur phne either, since it might make ther passengers angry.
Peple in Singapre take their rules very seriusly, which makes their cuntry clean and enjyable fr peple frm arund the wrld.
1．What can peple d in Singapre?
A．Chew gum in public places.B．Talk with thers ludly n the bus.
C．Buy bttled water with cash.D．Stand n the right n an escalatr.
2．What des the underlined wrd “gratis” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Fresh.B．Cl.C．Delicius.D．Free.
3．Why CAN’T peple eat n trains in Singapre?
A．Because fd is nt sld n trains.B．Because it may make the flr dirty.
C．Because ther peple may get hungry.D．Because the train tickets are expensive.
4．What des the passage mainly intrduce abut Singapre?
A．Strict rules.B．Water safety.C．Public rads.D．Cash using.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了新加坡作为世界上最干净的国家之一，其民众在公共场合有诸多严格规定，并具体列出了在新加坡的“可以做”与“不可以做”的事项。
1．细节理解题。根据“cash (现金) is welcmed in Singapre...”和“Bttled water is widely available but it’s quite expensive”可知，在新加坡现金是受欢迎的，且瓶装水可以买到，因此可以用现金购买瓶装水。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据“Bttled water is widely available but it’s quite expensive, while tap water is gratis.”可知，瓶装水价格昂贵，while（然而）表转折，说明自来水与瓶装水相反，即免费的。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“T keep public transprtatin clean, eating and drinking n trains and buses is nt allwed, as it can make the seats and flrs dirty.”可知，在新加坡不允许在火车上吃东西，因为这可能会弄脏座位和地板。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据“Peple in the cuntry have many strict rules in public. These rules make sure that streets are clean and parks lk nice. Nw, we’ve listed the ‘Ds and Dn’ts’ in Singapre.”可知，文章主要介绍了新加坡的一些“可以做”和“不可以做”的严格规定。故选A。
【全文翻译】
新加坡是世界上最干净的国家之一，每年吸引着大量来自世界各地的人。该国的人们在公共场合有许多严格的规定。这些规定确保街道整洁、公园美观。现在，我们列出了新加坡的 “注意事项与禁止行为”。
在新加坡，有很多事情是你必须做的。在新加坡乘坐自动扶梯时，你必须靠左站立、靠右行走。这样能让那些想快步向上走的人轻松地从你身边走过。新加坡也设有自行车道和人行道，所以你必须确保走在正确的道路上。这能让所有人都更安全。此外，新加坡接受现金支付。社区里的许多商店希望顾客用现金付款，所以随身携带足够的现金很重要。
而且，如果你想喝水，必须带一个瓶子，因为在新加坡很容易获取自来水。这里的水经过严格检测，所以直接饮用自来水是安全的。瓶装水随处可见，但价格相当昂贵，而自来水是免费的。
然而，有些事情是你不能做的。例如，在新加坡，口香糖的销售是不被允许的。你甚至不能随身携带口香糖。为了保持公共交通的整洁，在火车和公交车上禁止饮食，因为这会弄脏座椅和地板。你也不能大声播放音乐或在手机上大声通话，因为这可能会惹恼其他乘客。
新加坡人非常重视他们的规定，这使得他们的国家保持整洁，让来自世界各地的人们都能在此愉快地生活和旅行。
【长难句分析】
‌1. 原句：Singapre is ne f the cleanest cuntries in the wrld and attracts a large number f peple arund the wrld every year.
翻译：新加坡是世界上最干净的国家之一，每年吸引着大量来自世界各地的人。分析：该句为并列句，由连词 “and” 连接两个谓语动词 “is” 和 “attracts”，主语均为 “Singapre”。“ne f the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”，是八年级重点语法结构。
2. 原句：This allws thse peple wh want t walk up t g arund yu easily.
翻译：这样能让那些想快步向上走的人轻松地从你身边走过。分析：主句主干为 “This allws thse peple t g arund yu easily”，“allw sb. t d sth.” 是固定搭配，意为 “允许某人做某事”。“wh want t walk up” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “thse peple”，wh 在从句中作主语。
3. 原句：Bttled water is widely available but it’s quite expensive, while tap water is gratis.
翻译：瓶装水随处可见，但价格相当昂贵，而自来水是免费的。分析：该句为并列复合句，由 “but” 和 “while” 连接三个分句。“but” 表转折，强调瓶装水的 “易获取” 与 “昂贵” 的对比；“while” 在此处也表对比，突出瓶装水与自来水的价格差异，是理解句子逻辑的关键。
4. 原句：T keep public transprtatin clean, eating and drinking n trains and buses is nt allwed, as it can make the seats and flrs dirty.
翻译：为了保持公共交通的整洁，在火车和公交车上禁止饮食，因为这会弄脏座椅和地板。分析：句首 “T keep public transprtatin clean” 是不定式作目的状语。主句 “eating and drinking n trains and buses is nt allwed” 为被动语态，主语是动名词短语 “eating and drinking...”。“as” 引导原因状语从句，解释禁止饮食的原因。
【重难词汇梳理】
‌ ② 重难词汇梳理（共 15 个）
词汇音标词性汉语翻译
strict /strɪkt/ adj. 严格的
public/ˈpʌblɪk/ adj.公共的
escalatr/ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/n.自动扶梯
allw/əˈlaʊ/ v. 允许
neighbrhd/ˈneɪbəhʊd/n.社区，街区
custmer/ˈkʌstəmə(r)/n.顾客
tap /tæp/ n.水龙头；自来水
test /test/ v.检测，测试
available/əˈveɪləbl/adj.可获得的，可得到的
expensive/ɪkˈspensɪv/adj.昂贵的
gratis/ˈɡrætɪs/ adj.免费的
chewing gum/ˈtʃuːɪŋ ɡʌm/n.口香糖
transprtatin/ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn/n.交通，运输
passenger/ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/n.乘客
enjyable/ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl/adj.愉快的，快乐的
实战演练
一、阅读理解
A
The Library Lessn
Rules smetimes feel restrictive, but last mnth I learned their true value thrugh an experience in ur schl library.
Our librarian, Ms. Reed, annunced new rules t keep the study area peaceful. The key requirement was t avid lud discussins after schl. Many students ignred this, including my friend Tm and me. One Wednesday, we chatted ludly while wrking n a histry prject. Ms. Reed reminded us twice t lwer ur vices, but we cntinued.
The cnsequence came quickly: We gt banned frm the library fr a week. T cmplete ur research, we had t use the nisy cafeteria instead. Distractins everywhere made cncentrating impssible. Our wrk quality suffered terribly.
That week taught me why rules matter. They aren’t meant t cntrl us but t prtect everyne’s rights. Nw I understand t fllw reasnable rules actually saves time and reduces stress. Tm and I even vlunteered t help mnitr the library area—ur way f making amends.
1．Why did the librarian intrduce new rules?
A．T ban students frm prjects.B．T maintain a quiet study envirnment.
C．T make students use the cafeteria.D．T punish specific students.
2．What happened immediately after the students ignred warnings?
A．They cmpleted wrk faster.B．They lst library privileges fr a week.
C．Ms. Reed cancelled all rules.D．The library became nisier.
3．What des “avid” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．T encurage.B．T ignre deliberately.
C．T prevent frm happening.D．T participate in actively.
4．What lessn did the writer learn?
A．Rules exist nly fr punishment.B．Breaking rules saves time.
C．Rules prtect cllective interests.D．Cafeterias are better than libraries.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述作者和朋友因在图书馆大声讨论、忽视提醒而被禁止一周，后在嘈杂食堂完成作业时效率低下，进而领悟“规则并非控制人，而是保护所有人权利”的经历，既体现规则的重要性，也展现个人对规则从忽视到认可、维护的态度转变。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Our librarian, Ms. Reed, annunced new rules t keep the study area peaceful.”可知，图书管理员里德女士宣布了新规则，目的是保持学习区域的安静。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ms. Reed reminded us twice t lwer ur vices, but we cntinued.”和第三段“The cnsequence came quickly: We gt banned frm the library fr a week.”可知，在忽视警告后，他们立即被禁止进入图书馆一周。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Our librarian, Ms. Reed, annunced new rules t keep the study area peaceful. The key requirement was t avid lud discussins after schl.”可知，新规则目的是“确保学习区域保持安静”，也就是说，为了有一个安静的学习环境，图书馆里应避免大声讨论；据此可以推断，划线单词“avid”意为“不做某事、防止某事发生”。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。综合全文，作者因在图书馆喧哗被禁后，只能在嘈杂食堂完成作业(无法专注)，这一经历让其深刻反思：打破规则看似是“个人自由”，实则破坏了他人“享受安静学习”的权利，进而损害“大家共同拥有安静学习空间”的集体利益。再结合最后一段核心句“They aren’t meant t cntrl us but t prtect everyne’s rights.”可知，规则的本质是通过保护每个学生的个人权利，最终维护集体利益，这与选项C“规则保护集体利益。” 完全契合。故选C。
B
Rn Clark is the writer f The Essential 55, a bk abut teaching students the rules fr life. He was named Disney’s American Teacher f the Year fr 2000. He helped many disadvantaged (弱势的) students and made a difference in their lives.
Clark’s stry started at a primary schl in Nrth Carlina, the US. The first time he walked int his fifth-grade class, he met lts f prblems. The children had little interest in learning and they ften played r slept in class. T make a change, Clark wrte dwn 55 rules fr them. Sn the students made prgress in bth their studies and lives. They learned t respect thers and t be the best f themselves.
Clark desn’t think it’s s hard t teach his students these rules. “I explain each rule, and then we rle-play s that the students knw hw it wrks. The first week is just fr practice. I will help them remember the rules they brke. After this week, each time they break a rule, they need t g ver it.” Clark hpes that when his students leave his classrm, they can have skills that will help them fr the rest f their lives.
1．Why was Rn Clark named Disney’s American Teacher f the Year fr 2000?
A．He wrte a famus bk abut schl rules.B．He helped many students change their lives.
C．He taught fr years in Nrth Carlina.D．He created sme useful life skills.
2．Why did Clark make the 55 rules at first?
A．T play acting games.B．T help with hmewrk.
C．T imprve students’ learning habits.D．T prepare fr a schl perfrmance.
3．What shuld the students d when they meet a teacher at schl?
A．Lk at their eyes.B．Ask a questin quickly.
C．Say “hell” plitely.D．Run t the classrm.
4．What d the underlined wrds “g ver” mean?
A．恢复B．克服C．检查D．复习
5．What des Clark mst want fr his students?
A．T remember the rules perfectly.B．T get gd grades n exams.
C．T learn useful skills fr life.D．T act well in class.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了美国教师Rn Clark通过制定55条规则帮助弱势学生改变学习和生活态度的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据“He helped many disadvantaged students and made a difference in their lives.”可知，他帮助了许多弱势学生，改变了他们的生活，故Rn Clark获奖的原因是帮助学生改变生活。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“The children had little interest in learning… T make a change, Clark wrte dwn 55 rules fr them.”可知，制定规则的目的是改善学生的学习习惯。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“Rule 4: Learn the names f ther teachers in the schl and greet them.”可知，当学生在学校见到老师时，应礼貌问候老师。故选C。
4．词句猜测题。根据“After this week, each time they break a rule, they need t g ver it.”可知，学生们每次违反规则后，需要重新回顾或复习这些规则，以加深记忆，g ver意为 “复习”。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据“Clark hpes that… they can have skills that will help them fr the rest f their lives.”可知，Clark希望学生学到生活技能。故选C。
二、完形填空
Alice has sme prblems in her life these days. She is unhappy because there are t many rules t 1 at hme and schl. Fr example, she has t make her 2 befre breakfast. Then she always 3 t schl because every student must get t schl n time. At schl, every student needs t 4 unifrms. And she mustn’t use her phne. After schl, she must finish her hmewrk first. Then she has t 5 playing the pian fr an hur. Finally, she can play her favurite ping-png. She can’t hang ut with her friends n weekdays.
Her teacher, Dr. Knw, knws abut her prblems and gives her sme 6 . First, students can’t get t schl late because they shuld 7 respect (尊敬) fr their classmates and teachers. Secnd, sme students can’t fcus n learning when they bring 8 mbile phnes. What’s mre, wearing unifrms at schl helps t build schl 9 . Yu can’t g ut n weekdays, but yu can 10 at weekends. As the saying ges, “N rules, n rder!” Dr. Knw thinks that rules are an imprtant way t help make the wrld better.
1．A．fllwB．changeC．makeD．buy
2．A．bedB．placeC．rderD．wrk
3．A．callsB．hurriesC．listensD．knws
4．A．drawB．makeC．paintD．wear
5．A．enjyB．lveC．mindD．practise
6．A．laughB．hmewrkC．adviceD．rder
7．A．giveB．shwC．findD．tell
8．A．themB．theirC．hisD．her
9．A．luckB．spiritC．nameD．page
10．A．hang utB．act utC．get upD．pick up
【答案】
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．B 10．A
【导语】本文讲述了Alice近期因家庭和学校有太多规则而感到不开心，她的老师Dr. Knw了解情况后，从“尊重他人、专注学习、凝聚校园精神”等角度解释了规则的合理性，并建议她可在周末和朋友外出，最终点明“无规矩不成方圆”，规则是让世界变得更好的重要方式这一核心观点。
1．句意：她不开心是因为在家里和学校有太多的规则要遵守。
fllw遵守；change改变；make制定；buy购买。根据空前“many rules”可知，此处是指遵守规则，考查fllw rules“遵守规则”。故选A。
2．句意：例如，她必须在早餐前整理床铺。
bed床；place地方；rder顺序，命令；wrk工作。make ne’s bed“整理床铺”，固定搭配，早餐前整理床铺是家庭生活中常见的规则场景。故选A。
3．句意：然后她总是匆忙赶去学校，因为每个学生都必须准时到校。
calls打电话；hurries匆忙；listens听；knws知道。根据下文“must get t schl n time”可知，必须按时到校，可推断Alice需要匆忙去学校；考查hurry t schl“匆忙去上学”，固定搭配，符合语境。故选B。
4．句意：在学校，每个学生都需要穿校服。
draw画；make制作；paint绘画；wear穿。根据下文“wearing unifrms at schl”可知，此处是指学生要穿校服，考查wear unifrms“穿校服”，固定搭配，符合学校规则的语境。故选D。
5．句意：然后她必须练习弹钢琴一小时。
enjy享受；lve喜爱；mind介意；practise练习。根据“playing the pian fr an hur”可知，此处是指练习弹钢琴一小时，是常见的规则要求之一，其他选项“享受/热爱/介意”与“has t”的强制性语气矛盾。故选D。
6．句意：她的老师Dr. Knw知道了她的问题，并给她一些建议。
laugh笑声；hmewrk作业；advice建议；rder命令。下文“First... Secnd... What’s mre...”均是老师给出的观点，属于advice“建议”，而其他选项“笑声/作业/命令”不符合“帮助解决问题”的语境。故选C。
7．句意：首先，学生不能迟到，因为他们应该向同学和老师表示尊重。
give给予；shw表达，展示；find找到；tell告诉。根据“respect fr their classmates and teachers”可知，此处是指向同学和老师表示尊重；考查shw respect fr sb.“向某人表示尊重”，常用表达。故选B。
8．句意：第二，当一些学生带来他们的手机时，他们无法专注于学习。
them他们；their他们的；his他的；her她的。空后是名词短语“mbile phnes”，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，且主语“they” (指代sme students) 是复数，对应的形容词性物主代词为their。故选B。
9．句意：而且，在学校穿校服有助于建立学校精神。
luck运气；spirit精神；name名字；page页码。schl spirit“校园精神；集体荣誉感”，指学校成员共同的归属感与凝聚力，是名词短语。穿统一校服能消除个体差异、强化集体身份认同，因此有助于建立校园精神，这是穿校服的常见意义。故选B。
10．句意：你在工作日不能出去，但你可以在周末闲逛。
hang ut闲逛；act ut表演出来；get up起床；pick up捡起。根据上文“She can’t hang ut with her friends n weekdays.”可知，她工作日不能和朋友闲逛，此处“but”表转折，所以此处是指“可以在周末去闲逛”，用“hang ut”保持语义一致；其他选项与“外出”无关。故选A。
三、选词填空
从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空。
Many families find it useful t write dwn sme rules abut what family members are expected t d. Every family member shuld knw what is r isn’t 1 . The rules can be stuck n the fridge. In that way, yunger children can have a chance t read 2 .
Rules are als helpful t teenagers. Instead f sticking the rules n the fridge, it’s a gd idea t keep them 3 a little mre private. Fr example, teenagers can stick the rules n the 4 f their bedrms.
When t Start Making Rules
Yu can manage t make 5 rules as sn as yur child has the language skills t understand them. Yung children will need parents’ supprt 6 rules. They need help t understand and remember rules. Yu can give yur child a hug if he r she 7 well.
Teenagers and Rules
Rules abut 8 are helpful t teenagers. Many peple think teenagers shuld nt be allwed t stay ut late. Besides, 9 a driver’s license, teenagers shuld nt drive a car. Rules abut health are 10 very necessary. Fr example, teenagers shuldn’t smke. It is bad fr their health.
【答案】
1．allwed 2．them 3．smewhere 4．walls 5．simple 6．t fllw 7．des 8．safety 9．withut 10．als
【导语】本文介绍了制定家庭制度的重要性和时间等信息。
1．句意：每个家庭成员都应该知道什么是被允许的，什么是不被允许的。根据“write dwn sme rules abut what family members are expected t d.”及备选词可知，是指应该知道什么是被允许的，什么是不被允许的，allw“允许”，此处是被动语态，空处用动词过去分词。故填allwed。
2．句意：那样，年幼的孩子就有机会阅读它们。此处指代前文的rules，且作动词read的宾语，用宾格代词them。故填them。
3．句意：而不是把这些规则贴在冰箱上，把它们放在一个更私密一点的地方是个好主意。根据“keep them ... a little mre private”可知，是指更私密一点的地方，smewhere“某地”符合语境。故填smewhere。
4．句意：例如，青少年可以把规则贴在卧室的墙上。根据“stick the rules n the ... f their bedrms.”及备选词可知，是指把规则贴在卧室的墙上，wall“墙”，结合“their bedrms”可知，用名词复数。故填walls。
5．句意：你的孩子一有语言技能来理解它们，你就可以设法制定简单的规则。根据“as sn as yur child has the language skills t understand them.”及备选词可知，是指制定简单的规则，用simple“简单的”，作定语。故填simple。
6．句意：年幼的孩子将会需要父母的支持才能遵守规则。根据“rules”可知，是指遵守规则，fllw“遵守”，need sth t d sth“需要某物来做某事”。故填t fllw。
7．句意：如果你的孩子做得好，你可以给他或她一个拥抱。根据“Yu can give yur child a hug”及备选词可知，是指孩子做得好，d well“做得好”，主语he r she是第三人称单数，且此句包含if引导的条件状语从句，主句中含有情态动词can，从句的时态为一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数。故填des。
8．句意：有关安全的规则对青少年来说很有用。根据“Many peple think teenagers shuld nt be allwed t stay ut late”可知，这里指关于安全的规则，safety“安全”，为不可数名词。故填safety。
9．句意：此外，没有驾照，青少年不应该开车。根据“a driver’s license, teenagers shuld nt drive a car.”可知，是指没有驾照，青少年不应该开车，介词withut“没有”符合。故填withut。
10．句意：关于健康的规则也是非常必要的。根据“Fr example, teenagers shuldn’t smke. It is bad fr their health.”及备选词可知，是指关于健康的规则也是必要的，肯定句中用als表示“也”。故填als。
模块
语篇
题型
体裁
词数
内容简介
时文阅读
Passage 1
阅读理解
说明文
303
本文介绍了新加坡公共场合有诸多严格规定。
实战演练
阅读理解
A
记叙文
160
本文讲述作者和朋友因在图书馆大声讨论、忽视提醒而被禁止一周后领悟到规则的重要性。
B
记叙文
278
本文介绍了美国教师Rn Clark通过制定55条规则帮助弱势学生改变学习和生活态度的故事。
完形填空
记叙文
193
本文讲述Alice近期因家庭和学校有太多规则而感到不开心，她的老师Dr. Knw了解情况后给她建议。
选词填空
说明文
193
本文介绍了制定家庭制度的重要性和时间等信息。
Sme rules frm The Essential 55Rule 1: Make eye cntact (交流).
Rule 2: D yur hmewrk every night.
Rule 3: If smene asks yu a questin, yu shuld ask a questin in return (作为回报).
Rule 4: Learn the names f ther teachers in the schl and greet them.
Rule 5: D nt save seats in the lunchrm.
Rule 6: Always say thank yu when yu get smething.
als allw simple smewhere d safety
wall fllw smke withut they teach