人教版七年级上册寒假复习：阅读理解专练（解析版+原卷版）

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巩固提升
2. 巩固提升
（1）基础篇：日常生活类
Last Saturday, I jined a vlunteer grup t help the elderly at Happy Hme Nursing Hme. We met at the cmmunity gate at 8:00 a.m. Befre leaving, ur leader Ms. Li tld us t be plite and patient with the ld peple.
When we arrived, the elderly were waiting fr us in the garden. I was paired with Grandma Wang, an 82-year-ld wman wh lves reading. She tld me she used t be a Chinese teacher. I helped her clean the windw f her rm first. Then, I sat with her and read a pem bk alud. She listened carefully and smetimes stpped t explain the meaning f the pems. Her vice was sft but full f passin. At nn, we had lunch tgether. I fed Grandma Wang sme rice because her hands shk a little. She smiled and said I was as kind as her granddaughter.
In the afternn, we put n a small shw fr the elderly. Sme vlunteers sang ld sngs, and thers danced. I played the guitar and sang "Yu Are My Sunshine". Grandma Wang clapped her hands ludly. Befre we left at 4:00 p.m., I gave her a handmade card with my phne number n it. I prmised t visit her next mnth.
This vlunteer wrk made me realize that the elderly need nt nly fd and care but als cmpany. I felt very happy because I culd bring warmth t them.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：
（ ）1. When did the vlunteer grup meet at the cmmunity gate?
A. At 8:00 a.m. B. At 9:00 a.m. C. At 4:00 p.m. D. At nn
（ ）2. What did the writer d first fr Grandma Wang?
A. Read pems t her B. Cleaned her windw
C. Fed her lunch D. Gave her a card
（ ）3. Why did Grandma Wang say the writer was kind?
A. Because the writer sang fr her
B. Because the writer helped her clean the rm
C. Because the writer fed her rice
D. Because the writer made a card fr her
（ ）4. What did the writer d in the afternn shw?
A. Sang ld sngs B. Danced
C. Played the guitar and sang D. Hsted the shw
（ ）5. What did the writer realize frm the vlunteer wrk?
A. The elderly need cmpany B. Vlunteering is tiring
C. Grandma Wang is lnely D. The nursing hme is clean
（2）提升篇：科普说明类
Bamb is a kind f plant that grws in many parts f the wrld, especially in Asia. It is nt a tree but a grass, thugh it lks like a tree. Bamb has many amazing characteristics that make it very useful t humans.
One f the mst surprising things abut bamb is its grwth speed. Sme bamb species can grw up t 1 meter in a single day! This is much faster than mst trees. The reasn fr this fast grwth is that bamb has a special rt system. The rts spread widely and take in nutrients quickly, supprting the rapid grwth f the stem.
Bamb is als very strng. It has a higher tensile strength than steel, which means it can hld heavy weight withut breaking. Fr this reasn, bamb is used t build huses, bridges, and even furniture. In sme cuntries, bamb scafflding is used in cnstructin because it is light and easy t carry.
Anther advantage f bamb is its envirnmental friendliness. It absrbs a lt f carbn dixide (CO₂) and releases xygen, helping t fight climate change. Unlike trees, when bamb is cut dwn, it grws back quickly frm its rts, s it des nt need t be replanted. Additinally, bamb prducts are bidegradable, meaning they can break dwn naturally in the envirnment and nt cause pllutin.
Frm daily items like chpsticks and tthbrushes t large structures like bridges, bamb plays an imprtant rle in ur lives. It is truly a "green gld" fr humans.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：
（ ）6. What can we infer abut bamb frm the first paragraph?
A. It is a type f tree B. It nly grws in Asia
C. It has unique uses D. It is rare in the wrld
（ ）7. Why des bamb grw very fast?
A. It gets enugh sunlight B. It has a special rt system
C. It absrbs much water D. It is a kind f grass
（ ）8. The underlined wrd "bidegradable" in Paragraph 4 prbably means ______.
A. 可回收的 B. 可降解的 C. 可循环的 D. 可利用的
（ ）9. What is the main reasn bamb is used in cnstructin?
A. It is cheap B. It is easy t get
C. It is strng and light D. It grws quickly
（ ）10. What is the writer's attitude twards bamb?
A. Dubtful B. Critical C. Praising D. Uninterested
（3）拓展篇：文化故事类
Every year during the Mid-Autumn Festival, Chinese families gather tgether t eat mn cakes and admire the full mn. But d yu knw the stry behind the mn cake?
A lng time ag, in the Yuan Dynasty, the Mnglians ruled China. The peple were unhappy with the harsh rule and wanted t fight fr freedm. Hwever, it was difficult t cmmunicate secretly because the Mnglian sldiers watched everyne clsely. A wise man named Liu Bwen came up with a clever idea.
He asked peple t make special cakes with a piece f paper inside. The paper had a message: "Gather at night n the 15th day f the 8th lunar mnth t fight." He then asked peddlers t sell these cakes all ver the cuntry. The Mnglian sldiers thught they were just rdinary cakes and did nt check them. On the night f the Mid-Autumn Festival, thusands f peple gathered as planned and started the fight against the Mnglians.
After winning the fight, peple cntinued t eat mn cakes t remember this imprtant event. Over time, mn cakes became a symbl f unity and family reunin. Tday, mn cakes cme in many flavrs, such as ltus seed paste, red bean paste, and salted egg ylk. But n matter what flavr they are, the meaning f family tgetherness remains the same.
Next time yu eat a mn cake, remember the brave peple wh fught fr freedm and the lve f family behind this traditinal fd.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案：
（ ）11. What is the main purpse f the first paragraph?
A. T intrduce the Mid-Autumn Festival
B. T ask a questin abut mn cakes
C. T tell peple t eat mn cakes
D. T describe the full mn
（ ）12. Why did peple use mn cakes t send messages?
A. Because everyne liked eating them
B. Because Mnglian sldiers didn't check them
C. Because they were easy t carry
D. Because they were cheap t make
（ ）13. What des the mn cake symblize tday?
A. Freedm and bravery
B. Wisdm and cleverness
C. Unity and family reunin
D. Happiness and success
（ ）14. Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. Liu Bwen was a Mnglian leader
B. Mn cakes had messages inside in the Yuan Dynasty
C. Peple fught n the 15th day f the 9th lunar mnth
D. Mn cakes nly have ne flavr nw
（ ）15. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. The Mid-Autumn Festival
B. A Wise Man—Liu Bwen
C. The Histry f Mn Cakes
D. Hw t Make Mn Cakes
能力培优
3. 能力培优
综合篇：环保主题类
Plastic waste has becme a serius envirnmental prblem. It pllutes ceans, harms wildlife, and takes hundreds f years t break dwn. But everyne can d smething t reduce plastic waste in daily life. Here are sme practical tips:
1. Bring yur wn reusable items: Instead f using single-use plastic bags, carry a clth bag when shpping. Use a metal r glass water bttle instead f plastic nes. Fr cffee lvers, a reusable cup is a gd chice—many cafes even ffer discunts fr custmers wh bring their wn cups.
2. Avid plastic packaging: Try t buy fruits and vegetables withut plastic packaging. Fr example, chse lse carrts instead f thse in plastic bags. Yu can als use beeswax wraps t stre fd at hme, which are better than plastic wrap.
3. Say n t plastic straws and utensils: When eating ut, ask fr n plastic straw. If yu need utensils, bring a set f metal chpsticks r a spn. Sme restaurants nw prvide bamb utensils as a greener ptin.
4. Recycle prperly: Learn abut the recycling rules in yur area. Nt all plastics can be recycled. Fr example, plastic bags ften cannt be recycled in regular bins—yu need t take them t special recycling pints. Clean plastic items befre recycling t make the prcess easier.
The table belw shws the amunt f plastic waste reduced by different actins in ne mnth:
Small actins add up. If everyne fllws these tips, we can make a big difference t the envirnment.
根据短文及表格内容，完成下列题目：
16. What is the main prblem caused by plastic waste? (不超过15词)
17. Hw can cffee lvers reduce plastic waste? (不超过10词)
18. What can replace plastic wrap fr string fd? (不超过5词)
19. Hw many plastic bttles can ne persn reduce by using a reusable bttle in a mnth? (直接写数字)
20. What is the writer's advice n recycling plastic? (不超过20词)
板块
具体内容
核心考点
① 细节理解：占比最高（约50%），考查时间、地点、人物、事件等具体信息，需精准定位关键词；
② 推理判断：占比20%-25%，要求根据原文隐含信息推断结论，不可选原文直接表述内容；
③ 词义猜测：占比10%-15%，通过上下文同义/反义关系、举例、因果等线索推断词义；
④ 主旨大意：占比15%左右，需概括全文核心，答案多藏于首尾段或各段首句；
⑤ 观点态度：通过评价词、情态动词判断作者或文中人物情感倾向。
解题技巧
1. 细节题：“关键词定位法”——圈画题干人名、数字、特殊名词，回原文找对应句，比对选项与原文同义转换；
2. 推理题：“排除法”——先排除原文原句、绝对化选项（must/nly），再结合主旨判断；
3. 词义题：“语境分析法”——关注生词前后信号词（but/like/such as），利用解释说明句推导；
4. 主旨题：“首尾句概括法”——串联首段首句与尾段尾句，排除局部细节选项；
5. 通用技巧：“题文同序”——多数题目答案位置与题干顺序一致，可辅助定位。
易错提醒
① 细节题易“偷换概念”：选项与原文关键词形似但含义不同（如“brrw”与“lend”），需逐词比对；
② 推理题易“过度推断”：脱离原文依据主观臆断（如原文提“带伞”，不可直接推断“下雨了”，仅能推“可能下雨”）；
③ 主旨题易“以偏概全”：选项仅涵盖某段细节而非全文核心；
④ 词义题易“望文生义”：忽略上下文仅靠单词表面意思判断（如“green”在“green jb”中表“环保的”而非“绿色的”）。
Actin
Plastic Waste Reduced (per persn)
Using clth bags
15 plastic bags
Using reusable water bttles
20 plastic bttles
Saying n t straws
30 plastic straws