初中英语外研版（2024）八年级上册（2024）Understanding ideas优秀一课一练

这是一份初中英语外研版（2024）八年级上册（2024）Understanding ideas优秀一课一练，共11页。试卷主要包含了单词拼写，完成句子，完形填空，短文填空，阅读理解，任务型阅读等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、单词拼写。
1．This prject will c us a lt f time and effrt.
2．Culd yu please l me yur dictinary? Mine’s nt here.
3．My bike is in gd c because I care fr it.
4．The giant panda can w up t 160 kilgrams.
5．Thank yu fr yur (祝贺) n my winning the English cmpetitin.
6．The persn wh (发明) the internet really changed the wrld.
7．These flwers in the vase are nt real—they are (人造的) nes.
8．My brther can (修理) the brken bike. He learned it frm ur uncle.
二、完成句子。
9．我的猫无忧无虑，因为我们一直把它照顾得很好。
My cat never wrries because we lk after him well .
10．当Mike使用VR头戴设备遇到困难时，Tm向他伸出援手。
When Mike had truble using the VR headset, Tm gave him .
11．这是一条人造手臂，它对她很有帮助。
This is . It is very helpful t her.
12．有些人可能年纪大了，但他们很强壮，一直在努力工作。
Sme may be ld, but they are strng and hard.
13．互联网已经改变了我的生活。
The Internet has .
14．不要害怕犯错误，每段经历都是我们人生中巨大的财富。
Dn’t be afraid f . Every experience is a great in ur life.
15．我们应该帮助那些不熟悉数字设备的老年人而不是取笑他们。
We shuld help the elderly wh are nt familiar with digital devices instead f them.
三、完形填空。
16．A．inB．withC．fD．at
17．A．therB．the therC．antherD．thers
18．A．brrwedB．pushedC．returnedD．intrduced
19．A．psitinsB．numbersC．sizesD．clrs
20．A．lnelyB．difficultC．tiringD．happy
21．A．fundB．learnedC．influencedD．brught
22．A．restaurantsB．fficesC．librariesD．hspitals
23．A．tiringB．relaxingC．amazingD．interesting
24．A．befreB．afterC．untilD．thrugh
25．A．builtB．invitedC．bughtD．discvered
四、短文填空。
Last mnth, ur schl rganised a special event t encurage students t develp their hbbies. I decided 26 (jin) the phtgraphy club. At first, I was a little nervus because I had n experience in 27 (take) phts. But the club leader taught us sme basic skills, like hw 28 (chse) the right light and angle (角度).
I started 29 (practise) every day after schl. I remember 30 (g) t the park ne sunny afternn. I saw a beautiful flwer bed and culdn’t wait t take pictures f the clurful flwers. After 31 (spend) hurs trying different shts, I finally gt sme great pictures.
Back at hme, my parents were happy 32 (see) my interest in phtgraphy. They wanted t buy me a better camera if I kept 33 (imprve). I’m really lking frward t 34 (shw) them my new wrks. This experience has nt nly made me mre cnfident but als taught me the imprtance f 35 (g) fr what I lve.
五、阅读理解。
If a fire starts in yur hme, yu may nly have tw minutes t get ut. It’s imprtant t knw hw t keep yurself and yur family safe. One yung girl, Shanya Gill, makes an imprtant cntributin (贡献) t fire safety.
Shanya Gill is a 13-year-ld girl frm Califrnia, US. In April, 2024, she gt a special invitatin. She went t a US fire ffice t talk abut fire safety. Gill made a new fire detectr (探测器) and wn first place at a science event in 2023.
One day, the restaurant behind Gill’s huse was n fire when she was in Grade 6. N ne died, but sme peple gt hurt badly. That made Gill and her family feel afraid. Gill thught it was because the restaurant’s fire detectrs were nt gd enugh. S she wanted t make a better ne.
After learning hw t prgram (编程), Gill made a fire detectr. It can find ht things with 97% accuracy (准确度) and tell peple abut them. The accuracy f ther fire detectrs is nly abut 82% t 94%.
Gill desn’t want t make mney frm her fire detectr. She hpes everyne can use it t save lives and buildings.
36．What is imprtant when a fire starts in yur hme?
A．Keeping family members safe.B．Talking t fire fficer.
C．Making a fire detectr.D．Learning hw t prgram.
37．What is Shanya Gill?
A．A student.B．An fficer.
C．A scientist.D．A firefighter.
38．What des the underlined wrd “ne” in Paragraph 3 refer t (指代)?
A．A huse.B．A ht thing.
C．A restaurant.D．A fire detectr.
39．Why did Gill want t make the fire detectr?
A．T make mney.B．T learn hw t prgram.
C．T win first place.D．T help save lives and buildings.
40．Frm the text, we can knw that ________.
A．Gill will sell her fire detectr at a high price (价格)
B．the accuracy f Gill’s fire detectr is better than that f thers
C．Gill’s family caused the fire at the restaurant behind her huse
D．Gill didn’t like ther fire detectrs because they were t expensive
六、任务型阅读。
阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题 (请注意每小题后面的词数要求)。
There is a new rbt (机器人) dg in Nanjing, China. It is big and strng.
The rbt dg is very special. It can wrk in ht weather. At the same time, the rbt dg mves fast, s peple can use it t help firefighters (消防员) .
Hw des the rbt dg wrk t help firefighters? Well, it is really smart and helpful. When there is a fire in tall buildings, the rbt dg will g int these dangerus places. It makes 3D maps t shw firefighters what is happening in the dangerus buildings. It can even talk t firefighters. This keeps firefighters safe when they are saving peple.
The rbt dg is nt the nly ne in China. Many ther rbt dgs are als wrking n different things. They are wrking in hspitals, schls, stres and many ther places in China. This shws us technlgy (科技) is changing ur lives.
41．What des the rbt dg lk like? (不超过 5个词)

42．Why is the rbt dg special? (不超过 10 个词)

43．What can firefighters learn frm 3D maps? (不超过10个词)

The histry f the cmpass (指南针) dates back t the Warring States Perid (475–221 BC), when Chinese peple used a tl called Si Nan t pint the directin.
During the early Sng Dynasty, a rund cmpass 16 a tiny magnetized needle (磁针) was invented. One end f the needle pints t the suth and 17 t the nrth. Then it was 18 t Eurpe during the Nrthern Sng (960–1127).
Befre the inventin f the cmpass, peple depended n (依靠) reading the 19 f the sun, the mn, and the Ple Star t tell directins. Hwever, travelling was 20 in bad weather. After the inventin, peple culd easily find a directin.
Within the next 80 years, ur lives may be changed a lt by 3D printing. It has already 21 many things in ur lives. Fr example, sme 22 in Lndn have served 3D-printed hamburgers t custmers.
But perhaps the biggest success that peple have achieved (实现) is in medicine. It is 23 when peple see a beating heart printed with 3D printing technlgy. The printed bdy part might help peple live a nrmal life again 24 an illness r an accident. And it is nt just humans wh are benefiting (获益)—in Brazil, peple have 25 new 3D-printed bdy parts fr animals!
参考答案
1．cst/st
【详解】句意：这个项目将花费我们许多时间和精力。根据“This prject will ... us a lt f time and effrt.”和首字母可知，项目会花费时间和精力。cst“花费”符合语境；且will后加动词原形，构成一般将来时。故填cst。
2．lend/end
【详解】句意：你能把你的字典借给我吗？我的不在这里。根据“Mine’s nt here.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指请求对方把字典借给自己，lend“借出”，动词；又因情态动词“Culd”后应接动词原形。故填lend。
3．cnditin/nditin
【详解】句意：我的自行车状况良好，因为我很爱护它。根据“My bike is in I care fr it.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指自行车状况良好，cnditin“状况”，名词；be in gd cnditin“状况良好”，固定短语。故填cnditin。
4．weigh/eigh
【详解】句意：大熊猫体重可达160公斤。根据“up t 160 kilgrams”及首字母可知，此处应填动词weigh“重，体重为”，符合句意。放在情态动词can之后，用动词原形。故填weigh。
5．cngratulatins
【详解】句意：感谢你对我赢得英语竞赛的祝贺。“yur”是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，“cngratulatin”是“祝贺”的名词形式，常用复数。故填cngratulatins。
6．invented
【详解】句意：发明互联网的人真的改变了世界。invent“发明”，互联网是过去被发明的，且定语从句的动作发生在主句 “changed”之前，应用一般过去时，invent的过去式是invented。故填invented。
7．artificial
【详解】句意：花瓶里的这些花不是真的，它们是人造的花。根据“they ”可知，横线处需填形容词作定语，修饰nes，“人造的”英文表达为artificial，形容词。故填artificial。
8．fix
【详解】句意：我哥哥能修理那辆坏了的自行车。他是从我们叔叔那里学来的。根据“can”可知，情态动词后接动词原形，“修理”英文为fix，动词。故填fix。
9． all the time
【详解】对比中英文可知，此处缺少“一直”，其英文表达为all the time。故填all；the；time。
10． a helping hand
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处应填入“伸出援手”的短语。a helping hand为固定搭配，意为“伸出援助之手”。故填a；helping；hand。
11． an artificial arm
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“一条人造手臂”，“手臂”arm，其前用形容词artificial作定语，意为“人造的”，artificial以元音音素开头，其前用不定冠词an表示“一条”。故填an；artificial；arm。
12． keep wrking
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“一直”和“工作”，keep ding sth.“一直做某事”，“工作”wrk，动名词形式wrking。keep与are保持一致，用原形即可。故填keep；wrking。
13． changed my life
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“改变了我的生活”。“改变”英文表达为change，结合句中助动词“has”可知，此处需用现在完成时，change的过去分词为changed；“我的生活”英文表达为my life，故填changed；my；life。
14． making mistakes treasure
【详解】根据中英文提示可知，缺少“犯错误”和“财富”。“犯错误”用动词短语make mistakes，be afraid f ding sth“害怕做某事”，f是介词，后接名词或动名词，所以，空处应用make的动名词形式making；“财富”英文表达为treasure。故填making；mistakes；treasure。
15． making fun f
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“取笑”，对应的英文是make fun f。又因为“instead f”中的f是介词，后接动名词形式，所以make要变为making。故填making；fun；f。
16．B 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．B 21．C 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．A
【导语】本文分为两部分，第一部分介绍了中国指南针的发明历史及其对导航技术的重要影响；第二部分展望了3D打印技术在未来80年可能带来的变革，特别是在医疗和动物保护领域的突破性应用。
16．句意：宋朝初期发明了带有磁针的圆形指南针。
in在……里；with带有；f……的；at在。根据“a rund cmpass…a tiny magnetized needle”可知，是带有磁针的圆形指南针，用with。故选B。
17．句意：指针一端指南，另一端指北。
ther其他的；the ther（两者中）另一个；anther（三者或三者以上）另一个；thers其他人。指南针指针有两端，用the ther特指另外一端。故选B。
18．句意：随后，它在北宋时期被引入到欧洲。
brrwed借入；pushed推动；returned归还；intrduced引进。根据“t Eurpe”可知，此处表示指南针被传入欧洲。故选D。
19．句意：在指南针发明之前，人们依靠看太阳、月亮和北极星的位置来判断方向。
psitins位置；numbers数字；sizes尺寸；clrs颜色。根据“t tell directins”可知，要判断方向，依据是天体的位置。故选A。
20．句意：然而，在恶劣的天气里旅行很困难。
lnely孤独的；difficult困难的；tiring疲惫的；happy快乐的。根据“in bad weather”可知，天气恶劣，无法根据天体来辨明方向，旅行很困难。故选B。
21．句意：它已经影响了我们生活中的许多事情。
fund发现；learned学习；influenced影响；brught带来。根据“Fr example, sme…in Lndn have served 3D-printed hamburgers t custmers.”可知，此处讲技术对生活的影响。故选C。
22．句意：例如，伦敦的一些餐馆已经向顾客提供3D打印汉堡。
restaurants餐厅；ffices办公室；libraries图书馆；hspitals医院。根据“3D-printed hamburgers t custmers”可知，此处指提供食物的场所。故选A。
23．句意：当人们看到用3D打印技术打印出的心脏在跳动时，真是令人惊叹不已。
tiring疲惫的；relaxing放松的；amazing惊人的；interesting有趣的。根据“when peple see a beating heart printed with 3D printing technlgy”可知，此处讲突破性技术带来的震撼。故选C。
24．句意：这种打印出来的身体部位或许能帮助患者在患病或遭遇意外后重新过上正常的生活。
befre在……前；after在……后；until直到；thrugh通过。根据“an illness r an accident”并结合常识可知，此处指在伤病之后。故选B。
25．句意：而且受益的不仅仅是人类——在巴西，人们已经为动物制造出了全新的3D打印身体部件！
built建造；invited邀请；bught购买；discvered发现。根据“new 3D-printed bdy parts fr animals”可知，此处表示制造假肢，用built。故选A。
26．t jin 27．taking 28．t chse 29．t practise 30．ging 31．spending 32．t see 33．imprving 34．shwing 35．ging
【导语】本文讲述了作者加入摄影俱乐部，学习摄影技能并不断练习，获得进步，父母打算给他买更好的相机，这次经历让他更加自信，也让他明白追求热爱事物的重要性的故事。
26．句意：我决定加入摄影俱乐部。decide t d sth.为固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，所以这里用t jin。故填t jin。
27．句意：起初，我有点紧张，因为我没有拍照的经验。in为介词，介词后接动词的-ing形式，所以take变为taking。故填taking。
28．句意：但是俱乐部负责人教了我们一些基本技能，比如如何选择合适的光线和角度。“hw+动词不定式”构成特殊疑问词加不定式结构，在句中作宾语，所以用t chse。故填t chse。
29．句意：我开始每天放学后练习。start t d sth.表示“开始做某事（开始去做另一件事情）”，此处指开始去练习摄影，用t practise。故填t practise。
30．句意：我记得一个阳光明媚的下午去了公园。remember ding sth.表示“记得做过某事（事情已经做了）”，这里指记得去过公园这件事，所以用ging。故填ging。
31．句意：花了几个小时尝试不同的拍摄角度后，我终于拍到了一些很棒的照片。after为介词，介词后接动词的-ing形式，所以spend变为spending。故填spending。
32．句意：回到家后，我的父母看到我对摄影感兴趣很高兴。be happy t d sth.为固定搭配，意为“高兴做某事”，所以这里用t see。故填t see。
33．句意：如果我继续提高，他们想给我买一台更好的相机。keep ding sth.为固定搭配，意为“继续做某事”，所以imprve变为imprving。故填imprving。
34．句意：我真的很期待向他们展示我的新作品。lk frward t ding sth.为固定搭配，意为“期待做某事”，所以shw变为shwing。故填shwing。
35．句意：这次经历不仅让我更加自信，也让我明白了追求自己热爱事物的重要性。f为介词，介词后接动词的-ing形式，所以g变为ging。故填ging。
36．A 37．A 38．D 39．D 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了13岁女孩Shanya Gill为消防安全做出的重要贡献，她发明了一款准确度更高的火灾探测器，并希望用它来拯救生命和建筑。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It’s imprtant t knw hw t keep yurself and yur family safe.”可知，当家里发生火灾时，重要的是要知道如何保护自己和家人的安全。故选A。
37．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One day, the restaurant behind Gill’s huse was n fire when she was in Grade 6.”可知，当Gill上六年级时，她家后面的餐馆着火了，由此可知，Gill是一名学生。故选A。
38．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Gill thught it was because the restaurant’s fire detectrs were nt gd enugh. S she wanted t make a better ne.”可知，Gill认为餐馆的火灾探测器不够好，所以她想做一个更好的，由此可知，此处“ne”指代的是火灾探测器。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Gill desn’t want t make mney frm her fire detectr. She hpes everyne can use it t save lives and buildings.”可知，Gill不想从她的火灾探测器中赚钱，她希望每个人都能用它来拯救生命和建筑。故选D。
40．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It can find ht things with 97% accuracy (准确度) and tell peple abut them. The accuracy f ther fire detectrs is nly abut 82% t 94%.”可知，Gill的火灾探测器能以97%的准确度发现热的东西并告诉人们，而其他火灾探测器的准确度只有82%到94%，由此可知，Gill的火灾探测器的准确度比其他的高。故选B。
41．It is big and strng. 42．It can wrk in ht weather and mve fast. 43．They can learn what is happening in the dangerus buildings.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国南京的新型机器狗及其功能。
41．根据“It is big and strng.”可知，机器狗的外形特点是又大又壮。 故填Big and strng.
42．根据“It can wrk in ht weather. At the same time, the rbt dg mves fast”可知，机器狗的特殊之处在于它能在炎热天气下工作且移动速度快。 故填It can wrk in ht weather and mve fast.
43．根据“It makes 3D maps t shw firefighters what is happening in the dangerus buildings.”可知，消防员可以从3D地图中了解危险建筑内的情况。 故填They can learn what is happening in the dangerus buildings.