人教版（2024）八年级下册（2024）Section A导学案

这是一份人教版（2024）八年级下册（2024）Section A导学案，共13页。学案主要包含了单词默写，词组默写，完形填空，语法填空，阅读理解等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.掌握Unit 2 Stay Healthy!部分的重点单词、短语和句型；
单词：1. sre adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的
2. Thrat n. 喉咙
3. stmachache n. 胃痛；肚子疼
4. headache n. 头痛
5. tthachen. 牙痛
6. backachen. 背痛；腰痛
7. pressv. 压；按；挤；推
8. fevern. 发烧
9. avidv. 避免；防止
10. achen. & v. 疼痛
11.runny adj. 流鼻涕的；流眼泪的
12. cughn. & v. 咳嗽
13. bruised adj. 受了瘀伤的
14. suffer v. 受苦；遭受
15. flu n. 流行性感冒
16. medicine n. 药；医学
17. maskn. 口罩
18. virus n. 病毒
19. descriptin n. 描写；形容
20. patient n. 病人 adj. 有耐心的
21. injury n. 伤害；损伤
22. illness n. 疾病
短语：
1. Stay Healthy 保持健康
2. health prblems 健康问题
3. physical cnditins 身体状况
4. give advice 给出建议
5.sre thrat 喉咙痛
6. runny nse流鼻涕
7. press dwn n yur nse 按住鼻子
8. take sme medicine 吃药
9.drink enugh water喝足够的水
10. wear a mask戴口罩
11.pass the flu virus 传播流感病毒
12.take care f urselves照顾我们自己
13.in yur hands在你手中(掌握之中)
14.suffer frm 遭受
句型：
1. I have a runny nse and a fever. 我流鼻涕而且发烧。
2. Let me take yur temperature 让我给你量一下体温。
3. I felt s cld, and I didn't have much energy 我觉得很冷，而且没什么力气。
4.The back f yur thrat lks very red. 你的喉咙后部看起来很红。
5. When yu’re utside,please wear a mask当你外出时，请戴上口罩。
6. If yu take gd care f yurself, yu'll get better sn. 如果你好好照顾自己，你很快就会好起来的。
2.掌握shuld,culd情态动词和反身代词的用法
一、单词默写
1. ______/sɔː(r)/n. adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的 2. ______ /θrəʊt/n. 喉咙
3. ______/ˈstʌməkeɪk/ n. 胃痛；肚子疼 4. ______ /ˈtuːθeɪk/n. 牙痛
5. ______ /ˈhedeɪk/n. 头痛 6. ______ /ˈbækeɪk/n. 背痛；腰痛
7. /ˈfiːvə(r)/n. 发烧 8. ______ /əˈvɔɪd/v. 避免；防止
9. ______ /eɪk/n. & v. 疼痛 10. ______ /kɒf/n. & v. 咳嗽
二、词组默写
1. 保持健康______2. 喉咙痛______
3. 流鼻涕 ______4. 吃药 ______
5.传播流感病毒 ______ 6. 遭受 ______
第一部分 Welcme t the unit
【知识梳理1】What’s wrng? / What’s the matter? 怎么了? /出什么事了。
1.是询问病人病情时最常用的问句，意思是“怎么了？”，其后通常与介词______连用。
2.What’s wrng? 怎么了？出什么问题了？可询问身体不舒服或遇到的困难、麻烦。
例句：A: What’s wrng with yur bike? （你的自行车怎么了？）
B: It’s brken. （它坏了。）
3.What’s the matter? 怎么了？发生什么事了？相比What’s wrng?语气更委婉
例句：A: What’s the matter with Tm? （汤姆怎么了？）
B: He lst his schlbag. （他弄丢了书包。）
注意：两个句型中，wrng 前不加冠词，matter 前必须加定冠词 the。
❌ 错误表达：What’s the wrng? / What’s matter?
4.类似表达还有：
（1）What’s the truble with yu?
（2）What’s up?
【即时练习】
1.— ?
— My bike is brken. I can’t ride it t schl.
A. What’s the matter with yur bike B . What’s wrng t yur bike C. What’s the matter t yur bike
2.— My sister is crying in the rm. ?
— She lst her favrite ty.
A. What’s the matter with her B. What’s wrng t her C. What’s the wrng with her
【知识梳理2】I’m suffering frm a sre thrat. 我正喉咙痛。
1.suffer frm患（某种病）；受…… 困扰。此处suffer作动词，意为“受苦，遭受”。后面接疾病名词或困扰人的事物。
例句：________________________. 她正患重感冒。
Many peple suffer frm allergies in spring. 很多人春天受过敏困扰。
2.拓展：区别于 have
have + 疾病：泛指 “患病”，语气较平淡，如 I have a sre thrat。
suffer frm + 疾病：强调 “受病痛折磨、持续不适”。
3. sre thrat 名词短语，喉咙痛。
常见搭配：
喉咙痛
患上喉咙痛
【即时练习】
1.补全对话
A: Yu lk uncmfrtable. What’s the matter with yu?
B: ________________________. I can’t drink cld water.
A: Yu shuld drink sme warm tea and have a rest.
2. — Why is Tm absent frm class tday?
— He a high fever since yesterday.
A. suffered frm B. is suffering frm C. suffers frm
【知识梳理3】Avid sft drinks fr nw as the gas culd make the ache wrse. 暂时避免喝软饮料，因为气体可能会使疼痛加剧。
1.avid v. 避免；避开。 动词，后接名词/代词/动名词，不能接 。
例句：Yu shuld avid junk fd.
She avids talking t strangers.
2.make the ache wrse 加重疼痛
make + 宾语 + 形容词比较级 → 使某物变得更……
拓展：
make sb. happy 使某人开心
make the rm cleaner 使房间更干净
【即时练习】
Yu shuld avid t much sweet fd if yu want t keep healthy.
A. eat B. eating C. t eat
【知识梳理4】Accidents can happen when we’re careless. 当我们粗心时，事故可能会发生。
1.accident n. 意外事故；不测事件。 名词。
常见搭配：traffic accident 交通事故
have an accident 遭遇意外
2.careless adj.不小心的；粗心的。由“care(n.小心，谨慎)+less(形容词后缀)”构成。反义词： （细心的）
词性转换：
v./n. 关心；在意
adv. 细心地
n. 粗心大意
【即时练习】
My brther is a by. He ften leaves his schlbag n the bus.
A. careful B. careless C. carelessly
【知识梳理5】take a seat. 坐下
1. 动词短语；相当于_______（语气更客气、委婉）。
seat 在这里是_______，也可根据语境用 yur / my 等形容词性物主代词。
例句：
Please take a seat and wait fr a mment. 请坐下稍等片刻。
Culd yu take yur seat? The meeting will start sn. 你能就座吗？会议马上开始了。
【即时练习】
— Please _______. Let's discuss the prblem tgether.— Thank yu.
A. take a seat B. sit up C. stand up
【知识梳理6】Hw are yu feeling? 你感觉怎么样？
1.主要用于询问对方身体状况，情绪状态或当下的感觉。=______________?
例句：Yu lk tired.Hw are yu feeling nw? 你看起来很累，现在感觉如何？
回答时可描述具体感受：I’m feeling much better.我感觉好多了
【即时练习】
1.翻译：你的妈妈今天感觉怎么样？

2.— Hw are yu feeling after taking the medicine?
— _______.
A. Sunds gd B. Take it easy C. Much better
【知识梳理7】I have a runny nse and a fever. 我流鼻涕并且发烧
1.句型为：主语+ have/ has/ had+ a+ 病名
have：实义动词，表 “患病”，不用于进行时态
常用搭配：
have a cld 感冒
have a fever 发烧
have a cugh 咳嗽
have a runny nse 流鼻涕
have a sre thrat 喉咙痛
【即时练习】
1.翻译：你有流鼻涕或发烧的症状吗？

2.— What’s the matter?
— I _______ a runny nse and a fever.
A. have B. has C. had
【知识梳理8】Let me take yur temperature. 让我给你量一下体温。
1.temperature： “体温；温度”，______名词。
常用搭配 ____________。
例句：If yu have a fever, yu shuld take yur temperature at hme.如果你发烧了，应该在家量一下体温。
【即时练习】
1.翻译句子：护士昨天给我量了体温。

2.补全对话：
A: I feel ht and I have a headache.
B: Maybe yu have a fever. Yu shuld _______.
A: OK, thank yu.
【知识梳理9】When I tried t get ut f my bed,I almst fell and hurt myself. 当我试图起床的时候，我差点摔倒伤到自己。
1.try 动词，试图；努力
固定搭配：try t d sth. 试图做某事（侧重努力去做，不一定成功）；
try ding sth. 尝试做某事（侧重尝试新方法）
2.get ut f动词短语，从…… 出来；离开。反义词组：get int 进入
3.hurt的两种用法
（1）作 ，“使受伤；伤害（身体或感情）”
例句： . 他打篮球时伤到了腿。
后接反身代词 neself 时，表 “伤到某人自己”，需根据主语调整代词形式（himself/herself/themselves）。
（2）作 ：“（身体部位）疼痛”
用法结构：身体部位 + hurt (s)
例句：My thrat hurts badly. I can’t speak ludly. 我喉咙很痛，没法大声说话。
His head hurt all day yesterday.昨天他头疼了一整天。
注意：主语是单数名词时，动词用 hurts（一般现在时）；描述过去的疼痛用 hurt（过去式）。
【即时练习】
1.— What happened t Tm yesterday?
— He _______ his hand when he was cutting the apple.
hurted B. hurt C. hurts
2.— I can’t g swimming with yu tday.
— What’s the matter?
— My leg _______ s badly that I can’t walk easily.
A. hurt B. hurts C. hurting
【知识梳理10】Take sme medicine. 吃药。
medicine 名词，药，可以用sme修饰，没有复数。
常见搭配：Take（sme）medicine 吃药
Chinese medicine 中药
词汇变形： 形容词，医疗的
medical aid 医疗救援
【即时练习】
1.She _______ sme medicine every day because she has a sre thrat.
take B. takes C. taking
2.翻译：医生建议我每天吃两次药。

【知识梳理11】It stps us frm passing the flu virus t thers easily.它能阻止我们轻易地把流感病毒传给其他人。
1.stp sb.frm ding sth.阻止某人做某事 = ding sth.
例句：Wearing masks stps us frm getting sick easily.（戴口罩能阻止我们轻易生病。）
2.pass sth. t sb.把某物传递给某人 =pass sb. sth.
3.virus 病毒，可数名词。其复数形式是： .
flu virus 流感病毒
【即时练习】
1. Wearing masks can stp us frm _______ the flu virus.A. catch B. catching C. caught答案：B
2. Pass the bk t me.（同义句转换）

【知识梳理12】Describing injuries /illness . 描述伤痛与疾病
1.injuries：名词 的复数形式，伤害；损伤。
例句：The accident left her with many injuries.这场事故让她多处受伤。
2.illness：名词，疾病，是 名词；
【即时练习】
1.Luckily,the man was saved in time withut serius (injury).
2.Having apple every day keeps the (ill) away.
第二部分 Grammar 情态动词和反身代词
【知识梳理1】情态动词shuld
1.情态动词 shuld 作"应该;应当;可以"讲,其后接动词原形。其否定形式为 shuld nt/shuldn't,意为"不应当;
不该"。
2.用法：
(1)表劝告或提出建议。
例句:Yu shuld drink mre water when yu have a cld.你感冒时应该多喝水。
We shuldn’t stay up late befre exams.考试前我们不应该熬夜。
(2)表示推测。例句:They shuld arrive at the statin by nw.他们现在应该已经到车站了。
(3)表示义务或职责。例句:Students shuld fllw the schl rules.学生应当遵守校规。
(4)表示拒绝、恼怒或惊奇等。例句:She shuld say smething like that.她竟然说出那种话。
【即时练习】
1．T keep healthy, we ________ eat less junk fd and take mre exercise.
A．needB．mustC．canD．shuld
2．Thugh she enjyed her trip t the Suth Ple, she ________ all her savings (存款) n it.
A．shuld spendB．shuld have spentC．shuldn’t spendD．shuldn’t have spent
3．As students, we all ________ fllw the schl rules.
A．culdB．shuldC．wuld
【知识梳理2】情态动词culd
1.用于提出建议,比 can 语气更委婉。例向:Yu culd ask yur teacher fr advice.你可以向老师寻求建议。
2.用法：
（1）表示过去的能力。例句:She culd swim when she was five years ld.她五岁的时候就会游泳了。
（2）用于提出要求或请求。例句:Culd yu please lend me yur bike?请把你的自行车借给我好吗?
（3）用于请求许可。Culd I use yur bike?我可以用你的自行车吗?
（4）表示推测。例句:Yu culd be right, but I'm nt sure.你可能是对的,但我不确定。
【即时练习】
1．—Bb is s smart that he is gd at guessing riddles.
—Yes, he ________ d it well at the age f five.
A．wuldB．shuldC．culd
2．— ________ yu tell me what electricity is like?
— ________. Let’s d an experiment.
A．Can; N, I can’tB．May; All rightC．Culd; Of curseD．Must; OK
【知识梳理3】反身代词
1.反身代词的形式
2.用法：
（1）强调用法，表示强调，即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气，可译成“亲自”、“本人”。此时，
它在句中作同位语。即使去掉，也不影响句子的完整性。
例句:
Yu must d it yurself.(你必须自己做)
I myself did the hmewrk last night。(昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业)
（2）非强调用法
这种用法通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。它在句中作宾语，不能省略，否则该句是一个意义
不完整的错句。
例句:
Jane is t yung t lk after herself.(简年纪太小，以至于不能照看自己)
I teach myself English.(我自学英语)
He didn't hurt himself, thank gdness.(他未伤了他自己，谢天谢地。)
（3）与by 搭配
当反身代词与by搭配时，意为:单独地，没有人帮助的。
例句：We must finish it all by urselves.(我们必须全靠自己去完成。)
He can swim all by himself.(他能独自一个人游泳.)
3.反身代词常用短语：
enjy neself 玩的开心
help neself （t sth）自用，自取（食物，饮料等）请随意
cut neself 割伤自己
hurt neself 伤到自己
teach neself 自学= neself
by neself 独自地
【即时练习】
1．My parents seldm buy any new clthes ________, but they are s generus when they spend mney n me.
A．fr themB．with themselvesC．fr meD．fr themselves
2．Because there were n wrkers arund t be hired, the Andersn ________ decided t fix (修理) the rf ________.
A．brthers; by themself B．brther; by himself
C．brthers; themselves D．brther; himself
3．—If I have time, I will take yu t the beach. It’s s nice!
—Really? We can g there by _________.
A．weB．usC．urD．urselves
一、根据汉语提示填写单词
1. My sister has a ______ (胃痛) after eating t much ice cream.
2. Yu must be ______ (小心的) when crssing the street.
3. We shuld ______ (避免) staying up late during exams.
4. The ______ (医疗的) equipment in this clinic is very advanced.
5. Please ______ (描述) yur travel experience t us.
6. He ften has a ______ (头痛) because f lng-time cmputer wrk.
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. 我们需要做个检查，但我认为你得了流感。
We'll ______ ______ ______ ______ ______, but I ______ yu ______ ______ ______.
2. 你应该吃点药，并且喝足够的水。
Yu ______ ______ ______ ______ and drink ______ ______.
3. 它能阻止我们轻易地把流感病毒传给他人。
It ______ ______ ______ ______ the ______ ______ t thers easily.
4. 如果你好好照顾自己，很快就会好起来的。
If yu ______ ______ ______ f ______, yu'll ______ ______ sn
一、词汇运用
1. The new ______（virus） has caused many peple t have a fever.
2. He ______(suffer) frm a sre thrat after singing all night.
3. The ______ (injury)n his hand needs immediate treatment.
4. The nurse will ______ (take ne's temperature)befre deciding n the treatment.
5. It's ______ (imprtant) t wear a mask in public places than t ignre the virus.
6. The ld man ______ (suffer) frm lneliness since his wife passed away.
7. T slve this prblem, yu need t have enugh ______ (patient).
8. Traditinal ______ (medical) has been widely used in China fr thusands f years.
二、单项选择
1．—The taxi can drive ________, s there’s n need fr human cntrl.
—Hw technlgy has develped!
A．itB．itsC．itself
2．I can learn t d many things by ________ with the help f the Internet.
A．myselfB．myC．me
3．He decided t ________ prgramming ________ , s he bught a bk and started practicing.
A．learn, by himB．learn, with himselfC．learn, by hisD．learn, by himself
4．The life fr Cathy is difficult. She fund________ between a rck and a hard place when having t chse between studying fr her dream and taking care f her sick sister.
A．herB．sheC．herself
5．Friendships light up ur lives. Being a gd friend t thers is just as imprtant as having gd friends ________.
A．yurselfB．themselvesC．itself
6．Yes, Jasmine. First, yu ________ always fcus n what the teacher says in class. Take ntes when yu need t.
A．mayB．may ntC．shuldD．shuldn’t
7．—My parents are always busy with their wrk. Smetimes I have t ck by myself.
—Oh, dear. Yu ________ be careful when cking.
A．canB．can’tC．shuldD．shuldn’t
8．—I’d like t help kids with their hmewrk.
—Yu ________ vlunteer in an ________ study prgram.
A．culd, after-schlB．culd; after schl
C．must; after schlD．must; after-schl
9．—Only yu and me? There ________ be fur students.
—Oh, Lily and Jack are having an art class. Let’s clean the classrm nw.
A．shuldB．willC．mightD．can
10．—Why is Daniel s happy tday?
—He ______ win the writing cmpetitin. Lk at the prize in his hand.
A．mayB．canC．mustD．shuld
11．— We still need ne persn t play the game.
— Try phning Alex—he lves the game a lt and ________ be interested in this!
A．shuldB．needC．canD．has t
12．—Yu made yur mm angry, Jhn. Yu ________ be mre plite.
—But I just tld the truth.
A．mayB．canC．willD．shuld
13．When writing safety rules, we can use “__________” t express necessity.
A．dB．dn’tC．shuldD．can
14．—________ Tm read pems well when he was a child?
—I’m afraid nt. But he really des it well nw.
A．CanB．MayC．CuldD．Will
15．Helen Keller ________ see after getting ill when she was yung, but thrugh her hard wrk, she ________ be a writer.
A．culdn’t; was able tB．was able t; culdn’t
C．was able t; was able tD．culdn’t; culdn’t
三、完形填空
It feels like everything can make my skin (皮肤) different. In winter, the 1 air dries ut (使变干) my skin very fast. When I wear warm clthes, it has n use but even makes it 2 . In summer, I always get sunburned because f the sun. Even after I take a(n) 3 , if the water gets t ht, my skin gets red. I dn’t like t be like this, s I 4 g utside. I cut my lng hair, and I play less with my friends.
Luckily, I learn t 5 my situatin at last. It’s nt just accepting it but abut slving the prblem. I make the mve t finally 6 it. And I find ut what is really ging n with my skin. It is imprtant t me. I find a gd dctr, and he teaches me hw t 7 my skin. I stp eating everything that may 8 my skin, and I start t d exercise a lt.
Learn what is happening. This is my best 9 fr thers. Find ut what is bad fr yur skin.
Knw yur bdy. Lk after yurself. There is n 10 that has n way t slve. Just try yur best and it can make a big difference.
1．A．dirtyB．cleanC．htD．cld
2．A．betterB．wrseC．mreD．less
3．A．mealB．restC．umbrellaD．shwer
4．A．hardlyB．alwaysC．happilyD．quickly
5．A．decideB．acceptC．prmiseD．refuse
6．A．getB．keepC．cntrlD．chse
7．A．dress upB．make upC．lk afterD．take after
8．A．hitB．imprveC．cverD．hurt
9．A．answerB．giftC．matterD．advice
10．A．spiritB．trubleC．differenceD．pllutin
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
D yu knw abut the flu? The flu germs usually spread quickly. In winter, lts f peple may get the flu. At first, yu may think that yu have 1 (catch) a cld. Yu have a headache, and yu may cugh. At the same time, yu might feel 2 (sleep). If yu take yur temperature, yu must get 3 high fever. In a wrd, yu feel awful all ver. Of curse, n ne wants t be weak. But if yu want t be in excellent cnditin, d yu knw 4 t d? Here are sme tips.
We need t be mre active. Fr example, we can take part in 5 (play) ball games. That is a gd idea t get mre exercise. 6 (eat) different kinds f fd and lts f fresh fruit and vegetables is als very imprtant. Sme things are 7 (harm) t us, 8 smking and drinking t much alchl (酒). Yu’d better try nt t d these things r at 9 (little) d them less.
If s, we’re sure t be much 10 (health). That’s why I have been really fit and I did like this.
五、阅读理解
When yu play catch (传球) with yur friends, yu want t catch the ball. When yu play Frisbee (飞盘), yu want t catch it, t. But there is ne thing yu dn’t want t catch when playing with yur friends—a cld! Clds are caused by viruses (病毒). After catching a cld, yu will feel bad. Yu may have a cugh and a headache.
Mst kids catch between six and eight clds every year. In fact, mre peple g t the dctr because they have a cld than fr any ther reasn. S, hw d yu catch a cld? Mre imprtantly, hw can yu keep frm catching ne?
Clds are able t be spread (传播) very easily. The virus that causes clds is t small t see. These germs (细菌) can spread thrugh the air. The germs can als spread by tuch (触摸). When smene with a cld tuches smething, he leaves his germs behind. If a healthy persn tuches the same thing, the germs are spread.
If yu dn’t want germs t g int yur bdy, then be sure t wash yur hands. Yu can als ask yur friends t wash their hands, t. If yur friends stay healthy, yu may, t.
Remember, catching a ball is fun. Catching a cld is nt!
1．Hw many times d mst children catch a cld per year accrding t the passage?
A．Abut seven.B．Abut ten.C．Abut fur.D．Abut ne.
2．Hw d clds spread?
A．By air r by sund.B．By tuch r by sund.
C．By air r by tuch.D．By tuch r by smell.
3．What can we knw abut clds frm the passage?
A．Fewer peple g t the dctr because f clds.
B．It’s hard fr peple t see the cld viruses.
C．Yu wn’t catch them when yu are playing catch.
D．Yu wn’t have a headache if yu catch a cld.
4．What can yu d t help yurself nt catch a cld?
A．Wash yur hands ften.B．Ask yur friends t stay healthy.
C．Get up early and g t bed early.D．Play ball games with yur friends.
5．The passage mainly tells us abut ________.
A．catching a ball is fun but catching a cld is nt
B．hw imprtant it is t wash hands with yur friends
C．the best way t catch a ball when playing catch
D．hw peple catch clds and hw t prevent clds
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself（我自己）
urselves（我们自己）
第二人称
yurself（你自己）
yurselves（你们自己）
第三人称
himself（他自己）
themselves（他/她/它们自己）
herself（她自己）
itself（它自己）