高考英语二轮-阅读理解之说明文15篇（满分攻略+名校模拟） 教师版

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解之说明文15篇（满分攻略+名校模拟） 教师版，共33页。
（满分攻略+名校模拟）解析版
一、阅读理解说明文满分攻略
一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。
二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。
三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。
四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
五、说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。
七、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。
二、名校期中试题汇编
【期中·阅读·说明文01】（24-25高二上·浙江·期中）Rbert Winstn stepped utside a cnvenience stre with his mrning cffee and sptted a hmeless man, Paul Krupa, sitting with his back against the building. A small dg sat in his lap. Winstn, a vet (兽医) at an animal hspital, nticed its injured fur and skin. He apprached the man and ffered t bring medicatin fr the dg’s skin, a gift the man readily accepted.
“I remember returning a week later, and the hair was cming back and the rash (皮疹) was gne,” Winstn tld the Mdest Bee. Paul said his dg was finally sleeping at night again because it was n lnger feeling restless fr its illness. “‘And yu knw,’ he said, ‘I’m sleeping at night.’ He started t cry, and that gt me tuched t,” Winstn says.
Winstn was addicted. “When yu d gd deeds, there is smething yu get in return that feels much larger. I knew I wanted t keep ding it,” he tld medium.cm.
Tday, Winstn, 50, has his wn practice in twn, yet he still finds time fr street pets. He’s helped rughly 400 animals since 2011.
There’s a great need fr his kind f help. Abut 25 percent f Mdest’s hmeless ppulatin wns a pet, but there are few healthcare ptins available t them. T fill that gap, Winstn can ften be fund wandering dark streets and underpasses (地下通道), anywhere he thinks the hmeless might be camped ut. Winstn pays fr almst all f it ut f his wn pcket. Fr thse expensive prcedures, he set up a GFundMe accunt t help cver treatment csts. “I dn’t ever want t have t turn anybdy away,” he explains.
“T have smebdy like Dr. Winstn cme ut here t take care f my dg just because it’s the right thing t d, that’s huge.” Je, ne f the dg wners, said in a vide that Winstn psted n the GFundMe page.
1. What did Rbert Winstn d t help Paul Krupa’s dg?
A. Offering mental cmfrt.B. Intrducing sme famus vets.
C. Prviding medical treatment.D. Bringing it t an animal hspital.
2. What directly caused Rbert Winstn t keep treating street pets with kindness?
A. The prfessinal habit f a vet.B. The inspiratin frm ffering help t Paul.
C. The ppulatin f the hmeless.D. The requirements frm the animal hspital.
3. Which f the fllwing can best describe Rbert Winstn?
A. Wealthy and caring.B. Kind and generus.
C. Smart and humrus.D. Brave and intelligent.
4. What’s the text mainly abut?
A. Gd vets are in great need.B. Street pets shuld be well treated.
C. Winstn rse t fame vernight.D. A vet’s kind act makes a difference.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个兽医Rbert Winstn通过自己的善举对街头宠物产生了积极的影响，并获得了许多人的赞赏和支持。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Winstn, a vet (兽医) at an animal hspital, nticed its injured fur and skin. He apprached the man and ffered t bring medicatin fr the dg’s skin, a gift the man readily accepted.(温斯顿是动物医院的一名兽医，他注意到了那只狗受伤的毛发和皮肤。他走近那个人，主动提出要为那只狗的皮肤带些药物来，这份礼物那个人欣然接受了。)”可知，Winstn给生病的狗进行了药物治疗。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Winstn was addicted. “When yu d gd deeds, there is smething yu get in return that feels much larger. I knew I wanted t keep ding it,” he tld medium.cm.(温斯顿对此上瘾了。“当你做好事的时候，你会得到一种感觉上更加丰厚的回报。我知道我想继续做下去，”他告诉medium.cm。)”，当Rbert Winstn做好事时，他会得到一种更大的回报感。他知道自己想继续这样做。而根据第二段中的故事，他为Paul Krupa的狗提供了医疗帮助，并看到了积极的结果，这给了他继续下去的动力。因此，为Paul提供帮助的启发是直接原因。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Tday, Winstn, 50, has his wn practice in twn, yet he still finds time fr street pets. He’s helped rughly 400 animals since 2011.(如今，50岁的Winstn在城里有自己的诊所，但他仍然找时间帮助街上的宠物。自2011年以来，他帮助了大约400只动物。)”可知，斯图尔特是个善良的人，以及第五段中“Winstn pays fr almst all f it ut f his wn pcket. Fr thse expensive prcedures, he set up a GFundMe accunt t help cver treatment csts.(Winstn几乎所有的钱都是自己掏出来的。对于那些昂贵的手术，他设立了一个GFundMe账户来帮助支付治疗费用。)”可知，Winstn是个慷慨的人。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。结合全文对于Winstn的介绍以及最后一段““T have smebdy like Dr. Winstn cme ut here t take care f my dg just because it's the right thing t d, that’s huge.” Je, ne f the dg wners, said in a vide that Winstn psted n the GFundMe page（“有像Winstn医生这样的人来这里照顾我的狗，这正是最需要的事情，这是巨大的。”狗主人之一乔在Winstn发布在GFundMe页面上的一段视频中说）”可知，本文主要是在介绍一名兽医的善举带来的影响，故选D。
【期中·阅读·说明文02】（24-25高二上·浙江嘉兴·期中）When we encunter a trublesme prblem, we ften gather a grup t brainstrm. Hwever, clear evidence has shwn that when we create ideas tgether, we fail t maximize (使……最大化) cllective intelligence.
T find the hidden ptential in teams, it’s better t try a methd called “brainwriting”. Yu start by asking grup members t write dwn their thughts independently. Next, they sit tgether and share them amng the grup withut telling wh came up with each idea. Then, each member evaluates them n his r her wn, nly after which d the team members cme tgether t select and imprve the mst prmising ptins. By develping and assessing ideas individually befre chsing and expanding n them, the team can find and imprve ideas that might nt get attentin therwise.
An example f great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped undergrund in Chile. Due t the emergency f the situatin, the rescue team didn’t have time fr brainstrming. Rather, they established a glbal brainwriting system t gather individual ideas. A 24-year-ld engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephne. This specialized tl ended up becming the nly means f cmmunicating with the miners, making it pssible t save them.
Research by rganizatinal behavir schlar Anita Wlley and her clleagues helps t explain why this methd wrks. They find that the key t cllective intelligence is balanced invlvement (参与). In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t becme ne-sided in favr f the ludest vices. The brainwriting prcess makes sure that all ideas are brught t the table and all vices are brught int cnversatin. The gal isn’t t be the smartest persn in the rm. It’s t make the rm smarter.
Cllective intelligence begins with individual creativity, but it desn’t end there. Individuals prduce a larger number and brader range f nvel ideas when they wrk alne. That means they nt nly cme up with mre smart ideas than grups, but als mre terrible ideas. Therefre, it takes cllective judgment t find the signal in the nise and bring ut the best ideas.
1. What is special abut brainwriting cmpared with brainstrming?
A. It highlights grup cperatin.B. It emphasizes quality ver quantity.
C. It encurages independent wrk.D. It prefers writing t ral exchanges.
2. Why des the authr mentin the Chile mining accident in paragraph 3?
A. T shw a successful applicatin f brainwriting.
B. T intrduce a tl develped during brainwriting.
C. T praise a yung man with brainwriting technique.
D. T explain the rle f brainwriting in cmmunicatin.
3. Hw des brainwriting prmte cllective intelligence accrding t paragraph 4?
A. By blcking the ludest vices.B. By allwing equal invlvement.
C. By imprving individual wisdm.D. By generating mre creative ideas.
4. Which f these titles best summarizes the article?
A. Fcusing n individual wrk fr intelligence.
B. Using effective methds t imprve team intelligence.
C. Enhancing team innvatin with grup brainstrming.
D. Increasing team creativity with grup brainwriting.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在面对问题时，相较于传统的头脑风暴方法，一种名为“书面头脑风暴”（brainwriting）的方法能够更有效地发掘和利用团队的集体智慧。
1. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“T find the hidden ptential in teams, it’s better t try a methd called “brainwriting”. Yu start by asking grup members t write dwn their thughts independently. Next, they sit tgether and share them amng the grup withut telling wh came up with each idea. Then, each member evaluates them n his r her wn, nly after which d the team members cme tgether t select and imprve the mst prmising ptins. By develping and assessing ideas individually befre chsing and expanding n them, the team can find and imprve ideas that might nt get attentin therwise.(为了发掘团队中的潜在能力，尝试一种名为“书面头脑风暴”（brainwriting）的方法会更好。首先，让团队成员独立写下他们的想法。接着，他们坐在一起，在团队中分享这些想法，但不透露每个想法是谁提出的。然后，每个成员自行评估这些想法，之后团队成员才聚在一起，选择并改进最有前景的选项。通过在选择和拓展想法之前先独立开发和评估想法，团队能够发现并改进那些原本可能不会受到关注的想法。)”可知，“书面头脑风暴”首先让团队成员独立写下他们的想法，然后再分享和评估。根据这一描述，可以看出书面头脑风暴的一个特别之处在于它鼓励独立工作。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“An example f great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped undergrund in Chile. Due t the emergency f the situatin, the rescue team didn’t have time fr brainstrming. Rather, they established a glbal brainwriting system t gather individual ideas. A 24-year-ld engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephne. This specialized tl ended up becming the nly means f cmmunicating with the miners, making it pssible t save them.(书面头脑风暴的一个杰出例子发生在2010年，当时33名矿工在智利被困地下。由于情况紧急，救援团队没有时间进行头脑风暴。相反，他们建立了一个全球书面头脑风暴系统来收集个人想法。一位24岁的工程师提出了一个微型塑料电话的想法。这一专用工具最终成为与矿工沟通的唯一手段，从而使他们得以获救。)”可知，文章第三段主要描述了一个书面头脑风暴的成功应用案例，即2010年智利33名矿工被困地下的救援行动。由于情况紧急，救援团队没有时间进行头脑风暴。相反，他们建立了一个全球书面头脑风暴系统来收集个人想法。紧接着，该段描述了一个24岁的工程师通过书面头脑风暴提出了一个微型塑料电话的想法，这个想法最终成为了与矿工沟通的唯一手段，使他们得以获救。因此，作者提到智利采矿事故是为了展示书面头脑风暴的成功应用。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Research by rganizatinal behavir schlar Anita Wlley and her clleagues helps t explain why this methd wrks. They find that the key t cllective intelligence is balanced invlvement (参与). In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t becme ne-sided in favr f the ludest vices. The brainwriting prcess makes sure that all ideas are brught t the table and all vices are brught int cnversatin.(组织行为学者Anita Wlley及其同事的研究有助于解释为什么这种方法有效。他们发现，集体智慧的关键在于均衡参与。在头脑风暴会议上，参与很容易变得片面，只倾向于那些声音最大的人。书面头脑风暴过程确保所有想法都能被摆上台面，所有声音都能被纳入讨论。)”可知，书面头脑风暴通过允许平等参与来促进集体智慧。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了在面对问题时，相较于传统的头脑风暴方法，一种名为“书面头脑风暴”（brainwriting）的方法能够更有效地发掘和利用团队的集体智慧。文章首先提到传统的头脑风暴方法可能存在的问题，然后引出书面头脑风暴的概念，并详细解释了其步骤和优势。通过具体案例和研究结果，文章展示了书面头脑风暴在促进团队创造力、提高问题解决效率方面的显著效果。因此，文章的主旨是介绍一种通过书面头脑风暴来增加团队创造力的方法。选项D“Increasing team creativity with grup brainwriting.(通过团队书面头脑风暴来增加团队创造力。)”准确地概括了文章的主旨，即介绍一种通过书面头脑风暴来增加团队创造力的方法。故选D。
【期中·阅读·说明文03】（24-25高二上·浙江·期中）Gvernments shuld stp the use f bifuels (生物燃料) and lift bans n genetically mdified (GM转基因) crps, a green campaigning grup has urged, in the face f a grwing glbal fd crisis that threatens the develping natins.
The EU, the US and the UK are amng cuntries that use bifuels cmpulsrily (强制地), usually mixed with petrl fuel, fr rad vehicles. But much f the bifuel used cmes frm fd crps. The Wrld Fd Prgramme has warned that the rising prices f these fd, which have been driven by a cmbinatin f the Cvid pandemic, climate breakdwn and the war in Ukraine, is generating a fd crisis wrldwide.
In the UK, the renewable transprt Fuel Obligatin requires abut 10% f the fuels supplied by fssil fuel cmpanies t be “sustainable”, which in effect means bifuels. Hwever, the amunt that can cme frm fd crps is at 4% at mst, and will be reduced further t 2% in 2032. A UK gvernment spkespersn said: “bifuels, and ther renewable fuels, will cntinue playing an imprtant part in helping t decarbnize transprt and meet ur climate gals. Hwever, t help address the glbal fd price crisis, we cntinue t prmte bifuels frm waste and are reducing the percentage f crp based bifuels that cunt twards supplier targets.”
RePlanet says that althugh the riginal reasn fr bifuels was as a lwer carbn alternative t fssil fuels, in fact, wing t the impact n fd, the fertilizer and energy used t prduce the grains and ils and the land cnverted (转化) t agriculture t prduce bifuels, there is little carbn saving ver fssil fuels. RePlanet als argues that rich cuntries shuld eat less meat t free up grain, and that preventins n the genetic mdificatin f crps shuld be lifted t achieve higher yields.
In anther recmmendatin likely t be effective, the reprt suggests that the EU’s rganic targets shuld als be deserted in favur f cnventinal and intensive farming techniques fr higher prductivity. Karlina Lisslö Gylfe, the secretary general f RePlanet, said: “If Eurpe desn’t lk at finding evidence-based slutins, the utcme will be wrse fr the wrld’s pr, fr the climate and fr nature cnservatin.”
1. What has pssibly led t a glbal fd crisis accrding t the passage?
A. The vercnsumptin f fd.
B. The use f bifuels in transprt.
C. The prmtin f bifuels frm waste.
D. The lifting f bans n genetically mdified crps.
2. What can be cnveyed in para 4?
A. Bifuels are high-effective.B. Bifuels are envirnmental-friendly.
C. Bifuels are high-priced.D. Bifuels are energy-cnsuming.
3. Hw can rich cuntries relieve fd crisis?
A. By increasing meat demand.B. By farming mre traditinally.
C. By investing mre in rganic farming.D. By stpping the prductin f GM crps.
4. What’s the text mainly abut?
A. The ppularity f bifuels.B. The disadvantages f fssil fuels.
C. The strategies t fight fd crisis.D. The ptential f intensive farming.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章就发展中国家的日益严重的全球粮食危机问题，介绍了应对相应的应对策略。
1. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Gvernments shuld stp the use f bifuels (生物燃料) and lift bans n genetically mdified (GM转基因) crps, a green campaigning grup has urged, in the face f a grwing glbal fd crisis that threatens the develping natins.(面对威胁发展中国家的日益严重的全球粮食危机，一个绿色运动组织敦促各国政府停止使用生物燃料，解除对转基因作物的禁令。)”和第二段“The EU, the US and the UK are amng cuntries that use bifuels cmpulsrily(强制地), usually mixed with petrl fuel, fr rad vehicles. But much f the bifuel used cmes frm fd crps. (欧盟、美国和英国是强制使用生物燃料（通常与汽油混合）用于道路车辆的国家之一。但使用的大部分生物燃料来自粮食作物。)”可推知，在运输中使用生物燃料可能导致全球粮食危机。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。由文章第四段“RePlanet says that althugh the riginal reasn fr bifuels was as a lwer carbn alternative t fssil fuels, in fact, wing t the impact n fd, the fertilizer and energy used t prduce the grains and ils and the land cnverted(转化) t agriculture t prduce bifuels, there is little carbn saving ver fssil fuels. RePlanet als argues that rich cuntries shuld eat less meat t free up grain, and that preventins n the genetic mdificatin f crps shuld be lifted t achieve higher yields.(RePlanet表示，尽管生物燃料的最初原因是作为化石燃料的低碳替代品，但事实上，由于对粮食、用于生产谷物和石油的肥料和能源以及用于生产生物燃料的农业用地的影响，与化石燃料相比，碳减排效果很小。RePlanet还认为，富裕国家应该少吃肉类以释放粮食，应该取消对作物基因改造的预防措施以实现更高的产量。)”可知，本段主要讲生物燃料碳减排效果很小，从各方面考虑来看，也是高耗能的。故选D项。
3. 细节理解题。由文章最后一段“In anther recmmendatin likely t be effective, the reprt suggests that the EU’s rganic targets shuld als be deserted in favur f cnventinal and intensive farming techniques fr higher prductivity. (在另一项可能有效的建议中，该报告建议，欧盟的有机目标也应放弃，转而采用传统和集约化的农业技术，以提高生产力。)”可知，富裕国家可以通过更传统的农业来缓解粮食危机。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。由文章由文章第一段“Gvernments shuld stp the use f bifuels (生物燃料) and lift bans n genetically mdified (GM转基因) crps, a green campaigning grup has urged, in the face f a grwing glbal fd crisis that threatens the develping natins.(面对威胁发展中国家的日益严重的全球粮食危机，一个绿色运动组织敦促各国政府停止使用生物燃料，解除对转基因作物的禁令。)”和最后一段“In anther recmmendatin likely t be effective, the reprt suggests that the EU’s rganic targets shuld als be deserted in favur f cnventinal and intensive farming techniques fr higher prductivity.(在另一项可能有效的建议中，该报告建议，欧盟的有机目标也应放弃，转而采用传统和集约化的农业技术，以提高生产力。)”以及上下文可知，文章就发展中国家的日益严重的全球粮食危机问题，介绍了相应的应对策略。故选C项。
【期中·阅读·说明文04】（24-25高二上·浙江嘉兴·期中）Scientists have lng said getting a gd night’s sleep is imprtant t yur health. The U.S. Natinal Institute f Health says lack f sleep may even increase the risk f cgnitive (认知) decline and Alzheimer’s disease. Nw, an American team f scientists reprts that t much sleep might be similarly linked t such cnditins.
Researchers at Washingtn University Schl f Medicine did the sleep study. The study examined 100 adults fr their ability t think fr an average f 4.5 years. The average age f the study subject was 75. Eighty-eight f the grup had been identified as free f cgnitive damage. Twelve subjects were judged very mildly damaged.
During the study, they were asked t cmplete several tests fr signs f cgnitive decline. The tests are cmbined int a cgnitive scre — the higher the scre, the better. They als wre electrencephalgraphy (EEG) devices fr fur t six nights t measure their brain activity during sleep.
Overall, cgnitive scres declined fr thse wh slept less than 4.5 hurs r mre than 6.5 hurs per night — as measured by EEG (脑电图). But the scres stayed the same fr thse in the middle f the range.
Dr. Brendan Lacey is the directr f the Washingtn University Sleep Medicine Center and led the research. He said, “Our study suggests that there is a sweet spt fr ttal sleep time fr best cgnitive perfrmance.” “Shrt and lng sleep times are assciated with wrse cgnitive perfrmance, perhaps due t insufficient sleep r pr sleep quality,” Lacey added.
Greg Elder is a sleep researcher at Nrthumbria University in New Castle, Britain. He was surprised abut the findings that sleeping lnger than 6.5 hurs was linked with cgnitive decline. Elder wrte in The Cnversatin, “Each persn’s sleep needs are individual. If peple feel rested, there is n need t change hw they sleep.” He als nted that it suggests that sleep quality may be the key, as ppsed t simply ttal sleep time.
1. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. The imprtance f a gd night’s sleep t health
B. A study n hw t imprve yur cgnitive ability
C. The link between sleeping length and cgnitive lss
D. The result f increasing sleep time fr shrt sleepers
2. What d we knw abut the 100 participants f the study?
A. Mst f them dn’t have cgnitive prblems.
B. Sme f them are suffering frm lack f sleep.
C. All f the participants are mre than 75 years ld.
D. A few f them are under medical bservatin.
3. What d the underlined wrds “a sweet spt” refer t in paragraph 5?
A. Insufficient sleepB. Pr-quality sleep
C. T much sleep.D. A middle range sleep
4. What is Greg Elder’s attitude tward the findings f the study?
A. Supprtive.B. Dubtful.C. Indifferent.D. Objective.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了研究表明睡眠过长可能和认知能力下降有关。
1. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“The U.S. Natinal Institute f Health says lack f sleep may even increase the risk f cgnitive(认知) decline and Alzheimer’s disease. Nw, an American team f scientists reprts that t much sleep might be similarly linked t such cnditins.(美国国立卫生研究院表示，睡眠不足甚至可能增加认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病的风险。现在，一个美国科学家小组报告说，过多的睡眠可能与这种情况有类似的联系。)”和倒数第二段中的“Shrt and lng sleep times are assciated with wrse cgnitive perfrmance, perhaps due t insufficient sleep r pr sleep quality(睡眠时间短和长都与较差的认知表现有关，这可能是由于睡眠不足或睡眠质量差)”可知，本文主要讲述的是睡眠时长和认知丧失之间的关系。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study examined 100 adults fr their ability t think fr an average f 4.5 years. The average age f the study subject was 75. Eighty-eight f the grup had been identified as free f cgnitive damage.(这项研究调查了平均4.5年100名成年人的思考能力。研究对象的平均年龄为75岁。该组中有88人被确定为没有认知损伤。)”可知，100名参与者中有88人没有认知损伤，即大部分参与者都没有认知问题。故选A。
3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Overall, cgnitive scres declined fr thse wh slept less than 4.5 hurs r mre than 6.5 hurs per night — as measured by EEG(脑电图). But the scres stayed the same fr thse in the middle f the range.(总体而言，根据脑电图（EEG）测量，每晚睡眠少于4.5小时或超过6.5小时的人的认知得分有所下降。但处于中等范围的人得分保持不变。)”可知，睡眠大于6.5小时和小于4.5小时的人认知得分会下降，而在4.5小时到6.5小时之间的中等范围认知得分不变，再结合“there is a sweet spt fr ttal sleep time fr best cgnitive perfrmance”可知，对于最佳认知表现，在总睡眠时间中有一个最佳睡眠时间点，由此可推测出，a sweet spt指的是“最佳点”，在这里表示的是“中等范围的睡眠”。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Each persn’s sleep needs are individual. If peple feel rested, there is n need t change hw they sleep.(每个人的睡眠需求都是因人而异的。如果人们感到精力充沛，就没有必要改变他们的睡眠方式。)”和“He als nted that it suggests that sleep quality may be the key, as ppsed t simply ttal sleep time.(他还指出，这表明睡眠质量可能是关键，而不仅仅是总睡眠时间。)”可知，Greg Elder认为每个人的睡眠需求因人而异，如果睡醒后感到有精神，那就是适合他们的睡眠方式，并且他认为重要的是睡眠质量，而不是睡眠时长。由此可推测出，他对这项研究发现持怀疑态度。故选B。
【期中·阅读·说明文05】（24-25高二上·浙江·期中）Thmas Damb, an envirnmental artist in Denmark, thinks big. In 2010, he started his first large-scale prject: building birdhuses. He and his crew ended up creating 4,000 f them. Nw he makes giant trlls (巨怪). S far, 59 trlls can be fund at lcatins all arund the wrld.
His creatins are made entirely frm items peple have thrwn away, such as discarded wden pallets, ld fencing, and brken sheds. It’s imprtant t him that he desn’t add t the grwing landfills (垃圾填埋场) n ur planet. He thinks f discarded items as art supplies and a surce f inspiratin.
As a kid, Thmas wanted t build all srts f things, frm a skatebard ramp (坡道) t a tree huse in his backyard. He had lts f energy and creativity. The prblem was that a kid desn’t have the mney t purchase supplies. He started t bike arund the neighbrhd lking fr discarded wd, rpe, and ther items t create things.
In 7th grade, a girl in his class gave him a gd piece f advice. She tld him that he shuld take a different rute each day t experience smething new. Thmas tk her idea and learned all abut his city f Cpenhagen, Denmark.
Tday, Thmas still uses this idea f taking different rutes as he searches fr trash left ut n curbs. Items such as wire, rpes, wden pallets, metal, ld chair rllers, and plastic cntainers are just waiting fr him t think f a way t use them. If the items are small, he uses “Tingfinder,” his bicycle with a cart attached, t take hme his “treasures”. He uses a truck fr the larger items.
“My advice is t think abut what yu really lve t d and let that guide yu. Keep mving in the directin yu’d like t g.” said Thmas.
1. Why des Thmas prefer t use discarded items fr his art?
A. They are cheaper than new materials.B. They are mre useful and attractive.
C. He wants t reduce waste.D. He can find them mre easily.
2. What advice did a girl in Thmas’s class give?
A. Save mney by using secnd-hand supplies.
B. Explre new paths t discver smething fresh.
C. Fcus n different ways t create things.
D. Learn abut his city befre starting any prject.
3. Which wrds can best describe Thmas?
A. Adventurus and curius.B. Childish but imaginative.
C. Changeable but hard-wrking.D. Respnsible and creative.
4. What may be the best title fr the passage?
A. Sculpture: a unique hbbyB. Trlls: a childhd dream
C. Recycling: a creative jurneyD. Bicycling: an inspiring sprt
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了丹麦环保艺术家Thmas Damb利用废弃物品创作巨型艺术品的故事。
1. 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“It’s imprtant t him that he desn’t add t the grwing landfills (垃圾填埋场) n ur planet. He thinks f discarded items as art supplies and a surce f inspiratin. (对他来说，重要的是不要增加我们星球上日益增长的垃圾填埋场。他认为被丢弃的物品是艺术用品和灵感的来源。)”可知，他选择使用被丢弃的物品是为了减少浪费和垃圾。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。由文章第四段中“In 7th grade, a girl in his class gave him a gd piece f advice. She tld him that he shuld take a different rute each day t experience smething new. (七年级时，班上的一个女孩给了他一个很好的建议。她告诉他，他应该每天走不同的路线，去体验一些新的东西。)”可知，Thmas的同学建议他探索新路径，发现新鲜事物。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Thmas Damb, an envirnmental artist in Denmark, thinks big. In 2010, he started his first large-scale prject: building birdhuses. He and his crew ended up creating 4,000 f them. (丹麦的环境艺术家托Thmas Damb想得很远大。2010年，他开始了他的第一个大型项目：建造鸟舍。他和他的团队最终制作了4000个。)”和第二段“His creatins are made entirely frm items peple have thrwn away, such as discarded wden pallets, ld fencing, and brken sheds. It’s imprtant t him that he desn’t add t the grwing landfills (垃圾填埋场) n ur planet. He thinks f discarded items as art supplies and a surce f inspiratin. (他的作品完全是用人们扔掉的东西做成的，比如废弃的木托盘、旧围栏和破碎的棚屋。对他来说，重要的是不要增加我们星球上日益增长的垃圾填埋场。他认为被丢弃的物品是艺术用品和灵感的来源。)”可知，Thmas是一个有创造力的人，他的作品完全是用人们扔掉的东西做成的；同时，他也是一个有责任感的人，他不想增加地球上越来越多的垃圾填埋场，因此选择使用被丢弃的物品进行艺术创作，而且建造大量鸟舍。因此，最能描述Thmas的词语是“有责任感和创造力”。故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“His creatins are made entirely frm items peple have thrwn away, such as discarded wden pallets, ld fencing, and brken sheds. It’s imprtant t him that he desn’t add t the grwing landfills (垃圾填埋场) n ur planet. He thinks f discarded items as art supplies and a surce f inspiratin. (他的作品完全是用人们扔掉的东西做成的，比如废弃的木托盘、旧围栏和破碎的棚屋。对他来说，重要的是不要增加我们星球上日益增长的垃圾填埋场。他认为被丢弃的物品是艺术用品和灵感的来源。)”可知，文章主要讲述了丹麦环保艺术家Thmas Damb使用被丢弃的物品进行艺术创作的故事，他通过回收和再利用这些物品，创作出了许多令人惊叹的艺术作品。因此，最能概括文章主旨的标题是“Recycling: a creative jurney (回收：一段创意之旅)”。故选C。
【期中·阅读·说明文06】（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）The Mn is attracting much attentin these days as NASA is ready fr its Artemis I launch and preparing fr mre t fllw. The missin bjectives are clear: develp a sustainable presence n its surface and pave the way t g t Mars.
And then what? What’s the next great leap in humans’ quest fr the secrets f the universe? When it cmes t the near future scientific explratin, there are a few areas f the slar system that will be receiving sme special attentin.
First ff there’s Venus, a planet which was a relative paradise (天堂), with ceans and a pleasant atmsphere. Smething went terribly wrng there a few billin years ag, and NASA has scheduled a series f missins t explre what exactly is ging n there.
At the ther end are the gas giants. Several f the satellites f Jupiter and Saturn are cvered in thick sheets f ice, and underneath that ice sit ceans f liquid water. NASA has missins planned t investigate thse mysterius wrlds, hunting fr any signs f pssible life hidden deep within.
As fr us humans, Mars is certainly the grand prize in the cming decades. If we have the adequate drive and funds, we can establish a semi - permanent presence n the red planet, keeping crews wrking and studying in persn n the Martian surface. The ther planets f ur slar system are nt s suitable fr peple t settle n. Mercury is t clse t the Sun fr cmfrt and t far away frm the Earth.
Over the cming decades humans expect t see a rise f “space htels”, set up fr visiting turists and scientific explratins. Naturally, turning the space rck int a habitat fr humans is nt very practical cnsidering ur current level f technlgical maturity, but in my best estimatin, it’s the next easiest thing t accmplish... after the Mn and Mars, f curse.
1. What des the underlined wrd “quest” prbably mean in the secnd paragraph?
A. Questin.B. Explanatin.C. Request.D. Search.
2. Which is the least likely t be explred in the next decades accrding t the passage?
A. Mars.B. Mercury.C. Venus.D. Gas giants.
3. What’s the authr’s attitude twards the “space htels”?
A. Ambiguus.B. Critical.C. Hpeful.D. Indifferent.
4. What’s the passage mainly abut?
A. The launch f Artemis I.B. The secrets f the slar system.
C. The missins f NASA. D. The areas f the future universe explratin.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着美国宇航局准备发射阿尔忒弥斯一号，并为接下来的发射做准备，月球备受关注，任务目标是在月球表面建立可持续的存在，并为前往火星铺平道路。对于不久的将来的科学探索领域时，文章进行了详细介绍。
1. 词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“When it cmes t the near future scientific explratin, there are a few areas f the slar system that will be receiving sme special attentin.(说到不久的将来的科学探索，太阳系有几个领域受到特别关注。)”可知，此处是指对宇宙奥秘的探索，所以quest意为“寻求，探求”的意思。故选D项。
2. 推理判断题。根据倒第二段最后一句“Mercury is t clse t the Sun fr cmfrt and t far away frm the Earth.(水星离太阳太近，不会舒适，离地球太远。)”可知，水星是未来几十年最不可能被探测的。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Naturally, turning the space rck int a habitat fr humans is nt very practical cnsidering ur current level f technlgical maturity, but in my best estimatin, it’s the next easiest thing t accmplish... after the Mn and Mars, f curse.(当然，考虑到我们目前的技术成熟度，将太空岩石变成人类的栖息地并不十分实际，但据我估计，这是下一个最容易实现的事情...当然，在月球和火星之后。)”可知，作者对“太空旅馆”的态度是充满希望的。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“And then what? What’s the next great leap in humans’ quest fr the secrets f the universe? When it cmes t the near future scientific explratin, there are a few areas f the slar system that will be receiving sme special attentin.(然后呢？人类探索宇宙秘密的下一个重大飞跃是什么？当谈到不久的将来的科学探索时，太阳系的一些区域将受到一些特别的关注。)”以及下文的对未来要探索的星球的描述可知，文章主要讲未来宇宙探索的领域。故选D项。
【期中·阅读·说明文07】（24-25高二上·浙江·期中）T appreciate that sme questins are better than thers, it helps t cnsider a few examples f questins that are bad. T find them, try playing Twenty Questins with a yung child. In trying t guess an animal, a yung child might ask: Is it a kala? Is it an elephant? (Nt: Is it a mammal? Des it live in Africa?) These are bad questins in the sense that they’re unlikely t supply an efficient slutin t the prblem f discvering the animal.
In the simplified wrld f Twenty Questins, it’s relatively easy t evaluate what makes a questin gd r bad. Unfrtunately, prducing gd questins in the real wrld is ften a mre cmplicated affair.
Fr ne thing, we dn’t always have a single, accurate gal. When we d have sme practical gal, being clear abut what it is can be a first step twards asking better questins. An article fr business peple, fr example, suggests that in asking questins, it’s imprtant t figure ut whether yu’ re hping t cnfirm what yu think yu knw r t discver smething new.
But when ur aim isn’t t achieve sme practical gal, things becme murkier still. What, fr example, is a gd questin fr basic science? What kind f questin prmtes self-discvery r insight? And hw can we learn t ask better questins in cases like these?
Scientist David Strk suggests that just as we teach prblem slving, we shuld teach “questin psing” — the art f asking gd questins, the questins that lead t further insight and discvery. Asking big, bld, explratry questins isn’t always rewarded in adulthd. Frm preschl t high schl, children mve away frm questins mtivated by natural curisity t thse mtivated by ptential applicatins. Rather than “perfrming an act f curisity”, they’re ften after the slutin t sme practical prblem.
A first step twards asking better questins, then, might be t recgnize the intellectual cntributin f a questin well raised, nt just a questin well answered. And we might d well t regain sme f the yuthful curisity f yung children’s questins — nt necessarily by asking abut kalas and elephants, but by letting sme f ur questins be guided by ur basic curisity, nt nly by ur immediate gals.
1. Why are a yung child’s questins abut animals cnsidered “bad”?
A. They dn’t cntribute t wrking ut the answer.
B. They are nt mtivated by curisity.
C. They are based n guesses rather than practical gals.
D. They are simple t answer.
2. What may be a suggested way fr peple t ask questins?
A. Pay mre attentin t the answers.B. Raise as cmplex questins as pssible.
C. Figure ut the bjectives clearly.D. Cnsider mre ptential applicatins.
3. Which des the underlined wrd “murkier” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. mre available.B. mre understandable.
C. mre unreliable.D. mre cnfusing.
4. What’s the authr’s attitude t the change f the way children ask questins?
A. Disapprving.B. Favrable.C. Dubtful.D. Reserved.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讨论孩子提出的问题与成人世界中的问题差异，引出了如何提出好问题的话题，并强调了提出好问题的重要性以及方法。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In trying t guess an animal, a yung child might ask: Is it a kala? Is it an elephant? (Nt: Is it a mammal? Des it live in Africa?) These are bad questins in the sense that they’re unlikely t supply an efficient slutin t the prblem f discvering the animal.(在猜测动物时，小孩子可能会问：这是考拉吗？它是一头大象吗？（不是：它是哺乳动物吗？它生活在非洲吗？）这些问题之所以不好，是因为它们不太可能为发现动物的问题提供有效的解决方案)”可知，小孩关于动物的问题被认为是“不好的”，是因为它们无助于找出答案。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fr ne thing, we dn’t always have a single, accurate gal. When we d have sme practical gal, being clear abut what it is can be a first step twards asking better questins.(首先，我们并不总是有一个单一的、准确的目标。当我们确实有一些实际的目标时，弄清楚它是什么可以成为提出更好问题的第一步)”可知，给人们提问的一个建议方法是明确目标。故选C项。
3. 词句猜测题。第三段中“Fr ne thing, we dn’t always have a single, accurate gal.(首先，我们并不总是有一个单一的、明确的目标)”和划线词所在句“But when ur aim isn’t t achieve sme practical gal, things becme murkier still.(但是，当我们的目标不是实现某些实际目标时，情况就会变得更加_____)”是对第二段中观点“Unfrtunately, prducing gd questins in the real wrld is ften a mre cmplicated affair.(不幸的是，在现实世界中提出好问题往往是一件更复杂的事情)”的论述。结合划线词后副词“still(依旧；仍然)”可知，没有实际目标的提问会更复杂，更令人困惑。划线词murkier与mre cnfusing同义，表示“更令人困惑的”。故选D项。
4. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Frm preschl t high schl, children mve away frm questins mtivated by natural curisity t thse mtivated by ptential applicatins. Rather than “perfrming an act f curisity”, they’re ften after the slutin t sme practical prblem.(从幼儿园到高中，孩子们的问题从由自然好奇心驱动转变为由潜在应用驱动。他们往往不是在“表现好奇心”，而是在寻求解决某些实际问题的办法)”和最后一段中“And we might d well t regain sme f the yuthful curisity f yung children’s questins — nt necessarily by asking abut kalas and elephants, but by letting sme f ur questins be guided by ur basic curisity, nt nly by ur immediate gals.(我们或许应该重新获得孩子们问题中的一些年轻的好奇心——不一定是通过问考拉和大象的问题，而是通过让我们的一些问题由我们的基本好奇心来引导，而不仅仅是由我们的直接目标来引导)”可推知，作者对于孩子们提问方式的变化持不赞成的态度，认为应该重新获得一些年轻的好奇心，让问题不仅仅由直接目标来引导。故选A项。
【期中·阅读·说明文08】（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）What makes a gd life? Philsphers have ffered tw classic answers t the questin, captured by tw different Greek wrds fr happiness, hednia and eudaimnia. A hednic life is free frm pain and full f everyday pleasure. A eudaemnic life is a virtuus (高洁的) and purpseful ne, full f meaning.
But in a new study, philspher Lrraine Besser f Middlebury Cllege and psychlgist Shigehir Oishi f the University f Virginia argue that there is a third imprtant element f a gd life, which they call “psychlgical richness”.
Accrding t this view, a gd life is ne that is interesting, varied and surprising-even if sme f thse surprises aren’t necessarily pleasant nes. In fact, the things that make a life psychlgically rich may actually make it less happy in the rdinary sense.
A happy life can be bring, but a psychlgically rich life isn’t. Adventures, explratins and crises may be painful, but at least they are surprising. A psychlgically rich life may be less eudaemnic. Thse unexpected turns may lead yu t stay away frm yur riginal purpse and act in ways that are less virtuus.
Prfessrs Besser and Oishi make the case fr a psychlgically rich life in a paper that has just appeared in the jurnal Philsphical Psychlgy. But is this a life that mst peple wuld actually want, r is it just fr the srt f peple wh write philsphy articles?
T find ut, the prfessrs and their clleagues did a study invlving mre than 3,000 peple in nine cuntries. The researchers gave participants a list f 15 descriptive wrds such as “pleasant”, “meaningful” and “interesting”, and asked which best described a gd life. When they analyzed the respnses, Prfessrs Besser and Oishi fund that peple indeed thught that a happy and meaningful life was a gd life. But they als thught a psychlgically rich life was imprtant. In fact, acrss different cultures, abut 10-15%f peple said that if they were frced t chse, they wuld g fr a psychlgically rich life ver a happy r meaningful ne.
In the secnd study, the researchers psed the questin in a different way. Instead f asking peple what kind f life they wuld chse, they asked what they regretted abut the life they had actually led. Did they regret decisins that made their lives less happy r less meaningful? Or did they regret passing up a chance fr interesting and surprising experiences? If they culd und ne decisin, what wuld it be? The researchers fund that when peple thught abut their regrets, they were even mre likely t value psychlgical richness.
1. Accrding t the text, a psychlgically rich life ____________.
A. means a pleasant neB. undervalues life gals
C. is anything but bringD. is full f unhappiness
2. Why did Besser and Oishi d the studies in paragraphs 6 and 7?
A. T search fr evidence fr their articles.
B. T find gd ways t reflect n ne’s life.
C. T dig deep int the meaning f a gd life.
D. T test their idea abut a gd life n the public.
3. What des the underlined wrd “und” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A. Annunce.B. Erase.C. Uphld.D. Judge.
4. What culd be the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. Tw studies n psychlgical healthB. Dn’t let regrets ruin yur life
C. Varius pinins n a happy lifeD. A gd life unnecessarily means a happy ne
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Besser和Oishi教授提出的心理丰富的生活理论，即一个心理丰富的生活并不意味着是一个快乐的生活。
1. 细节理解题。由文章第四段“A happy life can be bring, but a psychlgically rich life isn’t. Adventures, explratins and crises may be painful, but at least they are surprising. (幸福的生活可能很无聊，但心理丰富的生活却不是。冒险、探索和危机可能是痛苦的，但至少是令人惊讶的。)”可知，心理丰富的生活绝不无聊。故选C项。
2. 推理判断题。由文章第五段“Prfessrs Besser and Oishi make the case fr a psychlgically rich life in a paper that has just appeared in the jurnal Philsphical Psychlgy. But is this a life that mst peple wuld actually want, r is it just fr the srt f peple wh write philsphy articles?(Besser和Oishi教授在刚刚发表在《哲学心理学》杂志上的一篇论文中阐述了心理丰富的生活。但这是大多数人真正想要的生活，还是只适合写哲学文章的人？)”以及第六段“T find ut, the prfessrs and their clleagues did a study invlving mre than 3,000 peple in nine cuntries. (为了找到答案，教授和他们的同事进行了一项涉及9个国家3000多人的研究。)”可知，Besser和Oishi教授做这些研究是为了在公众面前检验他们对美好生活的看法。故选D项。
3. 词句猜测题。由最后一段“Instead f asking peple what kind f life they wuld chse, they asked what they regretted abut the life they had actually led. Did they regret decisins that made their lives less happy r less meaningful? Or did they regret passing up a chance fr interesting and surprising experiences?(他们没有问人们会选择什么样的生活，而是问他们对自己实际过的生活有什么遗憾。他们是否后悔那些让他们的生活不那么幸福或没有意义的决定？还是他们后悔错过了一次有趣而令人惊讶的经历？)”可知，这里主要调查大家后悔的事情，所以后文假设如果可以删除一个后悔的决定，他们会怎么选哪一个，所以猜测划线单词表示“删除，移除”的意思。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。由文章第三段“Accrding t this view, a gd life is ne that is interesting, varied and surprising-even if sme f thse surprises aren’t necessarily pleasant nes. In fact, the things that make a life psychlgically rich may actually make it less happy in the rdinary sense.(根据这一观点，美好的生活是有趣、多样和令人惊讶的，即使其中一些惊喜不一定是令人愉快的。事实上，让生活在心理上丰富的东西实际上可能会让它在普通意义上不那么快乐。)”以及第四段“A happy life can be bring, but a psychlgically rich life isn’t. Adventures, explratins and crises may be painful, but at least they are surprising. A psychlgically rich life may be less eudaemnic. Thse unexpected turns may lead yu t stay away frm yur riginal purpse and act in ways that are less virtuus.(幸福的生活可能很无聊，但心理丰富的生活却不是。冒险、探索和危机可能是痛苦的，但至少是令人惊讶的。心理丰富的生活可能不那么幸福。这些意想不到的转变可能会让你偏离最初的目的，以不那么道德的方式行事。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要介绍Besser和Oishi教授提出的心理丰富的生活理论，即一个心理丰富的生活并不意味着是一个快乐的生活。故选D项。
【期中·阅读·说明文09】（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）I was sitting in the passenger seat f a pickup truck. My new friend Sherry, was driving me int a twn t resupply in exchange fr stries and curisities. She asked me, “Aren’t yu scared ut there, a yung girl, alne, in the wds?” I replied calmly, “I’m abslutely terrified.”
Over the curse f my hike, I’ve fund that the physical strength f hiking thusands f miles can be impressive t sme peple. But t mst peple, the real questins surrund ur mental curage and hw we vercme fears and frustratins.
Hiking is a physical activity that nearly anyne culd d. Thru-hiking is t hike while accepting the physical, mental and envirnmental frustratins. Thru-hiking is a sprt f curage and perseverance.
The challenges I have met thrughut my time n the Appalachian Trail culd be seen n the surface as physical illness. Frm injured ankles t virus infectin, many f my frustratins were caused by missteps and bad timing. It’s easy t enjy a hike n a cl, sunny day when the weather cperates and yur bdy flws with the trail. Hwever, thru-hiking mre cmmnly invlves hiking in weather that can cause sweating and sre feet that have lasted fr mnths.
When I apprached the trail, I thught prving hw strng I culd be physically wuld scare away the prblems part f me didn’t want t deal with. But it was n the trail that I came face t face with my persnal prblems and insecurities.
Despite its incredible ability t cnnect us, scial media can als give false impressins f day-t-day life ut here. Sme peple may see my wn scial feeds and think hiking is all abut views and wildlife. What the wrld desn’t see is that my anxiety led me t questin whether I’m fit fr this lifestyle. Smetimes my depressin made me wnder whether all f the effrt I put in was enugh. Smetimes seemingly simple tasks can lead t panic attacks.
1. What can we learn abut the authr’s hike n the Appalachian Trail?
A. She made a lt f friends.B. She wrked ut a gd plan fr it.
C. She enjyed a mment f peace there.D. She faced physical and mental challenges.
2. Hw did the authr feel n the trail?
A. Terrified.B. HelplessC. Cnfident.D. Prud.
3. What is the authr’s view n scial media?
A. It usually tells nly part f the truth.B. It reveals serius scial prblems.
C. It mstly cvers imprtant events.D. It is filled with false infrmatin.
4. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T prmte a spiritual jurney.B. T cmpare different hiking trails.
C. T intrduce the Appalachian Trail.D. T share her reflectin n hiking.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在阿巴拉契亚步道徒步旅行中的经历，包括面对的身体与心理挑战，以及对生活的深刻反思。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Over the curse f my hike, I’ve fund that the physical strength f hiking thusands f miles can be impressive t sme peple. But t mst peple, the real questins surrund ur mental curage and hw we vercme fears and frustratins.(在我的徒步旅行过程中，我发现徒步数千英里的体力可以让人印象深刻。但对于大多数人来说，真正的问题围绕着我们的精神勇气，以及我们如何克服恐惧和挫折)”可知，作者在徒步过程中遇到了身体和心理上的挑战。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章文章第一段“I replied calmly, “I’m abslutely terrified.”(我平静地回答说：“我非常害怕”)”及第五段“When I apprached the trail, I thught prving hw strng I culd be physically wuld scare away the prblems part f me didn’t want t deal with. But it was n the trail that I came face t face with my persnal prblems and insecurities.(当我接近这条小径时，我以为证明自己有多强壮会吓跑我内心不想面对的问题。但在小径上，我直面了自己的个人问题和不安全感)”可知，作者想用身体的强大以吓跑不敢面对的问题，但事实上并没有，作者没有安全感，感到害怕。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Despite its incredible ability t cnnect us, scial media can als give false impressins f day-t-day life ut here. Sme peple may see my wn scial feeds and think hiking is all abut views and wildlife. What the wrld desn’t see is that my anxiety led me t questin whether I’m fit fr this lifestyle.(尽管社交媒体有令人难以置信的能力将我们联系在一起，但它也会给日常生活的外貌带来虚假的印象。有些人可能会看到我自己的社交动态，认为徒步只是关于风景和野生动物。但世界看不到的是，我的焦虑使我质疑自己是否适合这种生活方式)”可知，作者认为社交媒体上展示的内容并不全面，它通常只讲述了部分真相。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。结合全文及文章第三段“Hiking is a physical activity that nearly anyne culd d. Thru-hiking is t hike while accepting the physical, mental and envirnmental frustratins. Thru-hiking is a sprt f curage and perseverance.(徒步是一种几乎任何人都能进行的活动。穿越徒步是指在徒步时接受身体、心理和环境带来的挑战。穿越徒步是一项勇气和毅力的运动)”及最后一段“Smetimes my depressin made me wnder whether all f the effrt I put in was enugh. Smetimes seemingly simple tasks can lead t panic attacks.(有时，我的抑郁让我怀疑我所付出的所有努力是否足够。有时候，看似简单的任务会导致恐慌发作)”可知，在文中作者分享了自己在阿巴拉契亚步道徒步的经历，包括遇到的身体与心理挑战，以及对社交媒体的看法等，旨在分享她对于徒步旅行的个人反思。故选D。
【期中·阅读·说明文10】（24-25高二上·浙江台州·期中）Fr Laurie Ezzell Brwn, lcal news has been a family affair. Her dad was the wner and publisher f The Canadian Recrd, a weekly paper serving the small Texas Panhandle twn f Canadian since 1893. She spent much f her childhd in the newsrm. She liked it, s when her father died in 1993, she stepped up as an editr.
Brwn tk pride in thrughly explring envirnmental issues her neighbrs cared abut. But ver the years, running the newspaper became increasingly difficult. In March 2023, she had t make the painful decisin t end the printing f the Recrd, leaving the cunty withut a lcal news surce.
Acrss the U.S., lcal newspapers like the Recrd are fading away rapidly, with ver a third having clsed since 2005. This “news desert” trend leaves cmmunities less infrmed, expsed t unethical (不道德的) practices, and divided in their plitical views. Lcal jurnalism is crucial yet faces unfreseen difficulties.
As climate and bidiversity issues wrsen, envirnment reprters are ften first t lse jbs. “There is n mre lcal stry than the envirnment,” says Meaghan Parker, frmer executive directr fr the Sciety f Envirnmental Jurnalists. “It is the air we breathe. It’s the fd we eat. It’s the water we drink.” Despite small audiences, lcal papers have huge impact due t readers’ trust. When the Funtain Valley News clsed, ver 60 years f reprting ended. Karin Hill wrries abut her neighbrs’ lack f infrmatin n issues like “frever chemicals” in water.
Lcal news is struggling, but innvative methds are emerging. Reprt fr America and Press Frward are funding reprters and newsrms. Sme states use public mney t strengthen jurnalism, while a cngress hill ffers tax breaks fr supprting lcal utlets. Kleman ntes that there’s n single slutin, but many experiments are in prgress. In Texas, Brwn hpes a buyer revives the Recrd. During a majr wildfire, she shared updates n Facebk but lacked resurces t reprt deeply. She realizes the cmmunity desperately needs its newspaper.
1. What was the main reasn fr the clsure f The Canadian Recrd?
A. Laurie’s father’s death in 1993.
B. Laurie’s decisin t step dwn as an editr.
C. Increasing challenges f managing the newspaper.
D. Peple’s gradual lack f interest in lcal news.
2. What des the underlined wrds “this ‘news desert’ trend” prbably refer t in Paragraph 3?
A. The plitical views that divide cmmunities.
B. The crucial rle f lcal jurnalism in the U.S.
C. The speedy shutdwn f lcal newspapers acrss the U.S.
D. The unethical practices that leave cmmunities less infrmed.
3. What can we infer frm Meaghan Parker’ wrds?
A. Envirnment reprters are jbless in the near future.
B. Envirnmental issues are clsely tied t ur lives.
C. Lcal papers have wider audiences than natinal nes.
D. We shuld care mre abut the climate and bidiversity issues.
4. What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph?
A. Kleman’s cncern fr lcal news.B. The funding f Reprt fr America.
C. Brwn’s hpe fr the Recrd revival.D. Supprt fr reviving lcal jurnalism.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地方报纸在美国迅速衰落的现状，这导致社区信息不足和环境问题报道减少，尽管面临挑战，一些创新方法正在尝试拯救地方新闻。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But ver the years, running the newspaper became increasingly difficult. In March 2023, she had t make the painful decisin t end the printing f the Recrd, leaving the cunty withut a lcal news surce. (但多年来，经营这份报纸变得越来越困难。2023年3月，她不得不做出痛苦的决定，终止the Recrd的印刷，让该县失去了当地的新闻来源)”可知，这份报纸被停印的主要原因是管理面临的挑战越来越大。故选C项。
2. 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Acrss the U.S., lcal newspapers like the Recrd are fading away rapidly, with ver a third having clsed since 2005. (在美国各地，像the Recrd这样的地方报纸正在迅速衰落，自2005年以来，已有超过三分之一的报纸倒闭)”和下文“leaves cmmunities less infrmed, expsed t unethical (不道德的) practices, and divided in their plitical views (使社区缺乏信息，暴露在不道德的行为中，并在政治观点上存在分歧)”可知，此处是介绍各地的地方报纸迅速倒闭带来的负面影响，画线部分指的是前面提到的“全美各地的地方报纸迅速倒闭”。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中Meaghan Parker所说的话“There is n mre lcal stry than the envirnment (没有比环境更能反映当地情况的了)”和“It is the air we breathe. It’s the fd we eat. It’s the water we drink. (这是我们呼吸的空气。是我们吃的食物。是我们喝的水)”可知，他认为环境深刻反映了当地情况。由此可知，环境问题与我们的生活息息相关。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Lcal news is struggling, but innvative methds are emerging. Reprt fr America and Press Frward are funding reprters and newsrms. Sme states use public mney t strengthen jurnalism, while a cngress hill ffers tax breaks fr supprting lcal utlets. Kleman ntes that there’s n single slutin, but many experiments are in prgress. (地方新闻正在挣扎，但创新的方法正在出现。Reprt fr America和Press Frward为记者和新闻编辑室提供资金。一些州使用公共资金来加强新闻业，而国会为支持地方媒体提供税收减免。克莱曼指出，没有单一的解决方案，但许多实验正在进行中)”可知，本段主要介绍了为了让地方新闻业复兴各方提供的支持。故选D项。
【期中·阅读·说明文11】（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）Research has shwn that peple recall infrmatin better in the lng term when they return t that material ver time, rather than trying t rapidly memrize everything in a back-t-back manner. This is called “spacing effect”. Yet, the envirnments in which we learn new things are different. Imagine yu meet a new c-wrker. The next time yu encunter each ther culd be in anther lcatin r with a grup f peple. Hw des such variability impact the benefits t memry assciated with the spacing effect?
In tw experiments, we assessed hw well peple culd remember pairs f images: an item such as an animal r tl, and a scene, such as a famus lcatin r phtgraph f a rm. Fr example, participants might see a green man side by side with a phtgraph f the Eiffel Twer. Our participants bserved mre than 40 such pairings during their learning sessins. T create a mix f stable and variable features, the pairings were either presented identically, with the same item and scene always shwn tgether, r the item appeared alngside a new scene each time. Fr instance, a green man might appear with the Eiffel Twer again r beside anther landmark.
In the first experiment, the participants engaged in fur learning sessins each day ver a perid f 24 days. We spaced ut the appearance f repeated item-scene pairs frm hurs t days. On the 25th day, participants tk a test t see hw well they had learned the images. In ur secnd experiment, we cmpressed (压缩) all learning int a single sessin n just ne day. We repeated the same and variable pairs either back-t-back r with spacing-but here learning was distributed nly in the rder f secnds r minutes.
We fund that participants did a better jb at recalling whether they’d encuntered the green man when repetitins f that image had been spaced ut. But peple als remembered items better when they’d seen them paired with different scenes n each repetitin, cmpared with the items always shwn with the same scene. That is, the brain culd use change t remember the islated, stable features while relying n cnsistency (一致性) t tie tgether multiple assciated features. Overall, peple use variability and repetitin t enhance memry fr varius aspects f their experience.
1. What des the study in the passage fcus n?
A. Whether the spacing effect is beneficial t ur memry.
B. The mechanisms underlying the spacing effect.
C. The differences f varius learning strategies.
D. Hw envirnments affect ur memry.
2. What was the purpse f presenting the pairs either identically r differently?
A. T assess the impact f variability n memry.
B. T measure the participants’ preference fr specific scenes.
C. T determine if familiar scenes are mre effective in learning.
D. T test the participants’ ability t recgnize famus landmarks.
3. What can we learn abut the tw experiments?
A. The secnd experiment was cnducted in a 24-day perid.
B. Bth experiments used hurly breaks in learning sessins.
C. The first grup f participants recalled the pairs mre quickly.
D. Repetitins were spaced ver secnds r minutes in the secnd experiment.
4. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the study?
A. The brain is the mst cmplex structure in the bdy.
B. Bth spacing and variability can cntribute t memry.
C. Enriched envirnments fster the develpment f memry.
D. Rapid memrizatin leads t increased prductivity and efficiency
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了两个关于记忆效果影响因素的实验设计、过程及结果分析，探讨了间隔效应和环境变化性对记忆的影响。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Research has shwn that peple recall infrmatin better in the lng term when they return t that material ver time, rather than trying t rapidly memrize everything in a back-t-back manner. This is called “spacing effect”. Yet, the envirnments in which we learn new things are different. Imagine yu meet a new c-wrker. The next time yu encunter each ther culd be in anther lcatin r with a grup f peple. Hw des such variability impact the benefits t memry assciated with the spacing effect?(研究表明，当人们随着时间的推移再次接触学习材料，而不是试图连续快速地记住所有内容时，他们长期记忆信息的效果会更好。这被称为“间隔效应”。然而，我们学习新事物所处的环境是不同的。想象一下，你遇到了一位新同事。下次你们相遇可能是在另一个地点，或者在一群人之中。这种变化性如何影响与间隔效应相关的记忆益处呢？)”可知，文章主要探讨了环境变化性对记忆的影响，特别是与间隔效应相关的记忆益处。文中通过两个实验说明了在记忆过程中，环境的变化性（如物品与不同场景的配对）如何影响人们的记忆效果。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In tw experiments, we assessed hw well peple culd remember pairs f images: an item such as an animal r tl, and a scene, such as a famus lcatin r phtgraph f a rm. Fr example, participants might see a green man side by side with a phtgraph f the Eiffel Twer. Our participants bserved mre than 40 such pairings during their learning sessins. T create a mix f stable and variable features, the pairings were either presented identically, with the same item and scene always shwn tgether, r the item appeared alngside a new scene each time.(在两个实验中，我们评估了人们记忆图像对（如动物或工具等物品与著名地点或房间照片等场景）的能力。例如，参与者可能会看到绿色的小人旁边放着一张埃菲尔铁塔的照片。在学习阶段，我们的参与者观察了40多对这样的配对。为了创造稳定与可变特征的混合，这些配对要么以相同的方式呈现，即相同的物品和场景总是一起出现，要么每次物品旁边都会出现一个新的场景。)”可知，文章提到，为了创造稳定与可变特征的混合，配对可以以相同的方式呈现（即相同的物品和场景总是一起出现），也可以每次物品旁边都出现一个新的场景。这样做的目的是为了评估变化性（即每次重复时物品与不同场景的配对）对记忆的影响。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In ur secnd experiment, we cmpressed (压缩) all learning int a single sessin n just ne day. We repeated the same and variable pairs either back-t-back r with spacing-but here learning was distributed nly in the rder f secnds r minutes.(在我们的第二个实验中，我们将所有的学习内容压缩到仅一天的一个学习阶段中。我们连续或间隔地重复了相同和不同的配对，但在这里，学习只在几秒或几分钟的顺序内进行。)”可知，第二个实验中重复内容的时间间隔是几秒或几分钟。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“That is, the brain culd use change t remember the islated, stable features while relying n cnsistency (一致性) t tie tgether multiple assciated features. Overall, peple use variability and repetitin t enhance memry fr varius aspects f their experience.(也就是说，大脑可以利用变化来记忆孤立的、稳定的特征，同时依靠一致性将多个相关特征联系在一起。总的来说，人们利用变化性和重复性来增强对经历中各个方面的记忆。)”以及全文内容可知，文章中提到两个实验的结果都支持了间隔效应（spacing effect）和环境变化性（variability）对记忆的积极影响。第一个实验表明，间隔重复和在不同场景中呈现物品可以增强记忆。第二个实验也显示，即使在较短的时间间隔内，间隔和变化性也有助于记忆。因此，可以得出结论，间隔和变化性都是提高记忆效果的重要因素。故选B。
【期中·阅读·说明文12】（2024·浙江杭州·一模）Fr many, travel isn’t just abut the destinatin — it’s abut making the mst f the jurney. Hwever, fr a lt f peple, the jurney is ften ruined by an uncmfrtable experience ften accmpanied by vmiting, knwn as mtin sickness. If yu’ve ever felt the unwelcme urge t vmit while reading r using yur device in a mving vehicle, yu’re nt alne. Recgnizing this cmmn issue, Apple has stepped up t ffer a revlutinary slutin; the Vehicle Mtin Cues feature fr iPhnes and iPads.
Mtin sickness ccurs when there is a discnnect between what yur eyes see and what yur bdy feels. When yu’re in a mving vehicle, yur bdy senses mtin thrugh its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if yur eyes are fcused n a still screen that desn’t reflect this mvement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensry cnflict can lead t dizziness, nausea, and verall discmfrt - symptms all t familiar t mtin sickness sufferers.
Apple’s new Vehicle Mtin Cues feature is designed t bridge this gap and bring relief t thse likely t experience mtin sickness. This revlutinary feature wrks by displaying animated dts, arund the edges f yur screen, which mve at the same time and speed as the mtin f yur vehicle. These mving cues help keep the mtin yur bdy feels in line with what yur eyes see, effectively reducing the sensry mismatch that causes mtin sickness.
The magic lies in the simplicity and effectiveness. The animated dts mve in cnsistency with the vehicle’s mtin, prviding a visual representatin f the mvement yur bdy is experiencing. By matching the visual input with the physical sensatins f mtin, yur brain is less likely t experience the cnfusin that leads t sickness.
Early reprts and user feedback indicate that Vehicle Mtin Cues is receiving high praise fr its effectiveness. S next time yu embark n a jurney, whether shrt r lng, remember that Apple’s gt yur back — r rather, yur brain - helping yu make the mst f every mile with ease and cmfrt.
1. Which type f peple can be interested in Vehicle Mtin Cues?
A. Frequent travelers.B. Bk lvers.
C. Vehicle peratrs.D. Sprt scientists.
2. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The principle f Apple’s new design.
B. The cause f mtin sickness.
C. The functins f Apples new design.
D. The symptms f mtin sickness.
3. By displaying animated dts arund the screen, Applet Vehicle Mtin Cues is able t_____.
A. ease sensry cnflicts in the brain
B. tell the mismatched physical sensatins
C. balance the mvement f ur eyes and bdy
D. increase the effectiveness f vehicle mtin
4. Which can be the best title f the passage?
A. Make the Mst f Yur Jurney： Apple Bridges the. Gap
B. Find the Magic f a Mving Vehicle: Apple’s Gt! Yur Back
C. Enjy Yur Reading: Apple Offers a Revlutinary Slutin
D. Say Gdbye t Mtin Sickness: Apple Intrduces Its New Design
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍苹果公司新设计的Vehicle Mtin Cue功能解决了人们晕车的问题。
1. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Hwever, fr a lt f peple, the jurney is ften ruined by an uncmfrtable experience ften accmpanied by vmiting, knwn as mtin sickness. If yu’ve ever felt the unwelcme urge t vmit while reading r using yur device in a mving vehicle, yu’re nt alne. Recgnizing this cmmn issue, Apple has stepped up t ffer a revlutinary slutin; the Vehicle Mtin Cues feature fr iPhnes and iPads.(然而，对于很多人来说，旅途往往会被一种不舒服的体验所破坏，这种体验通常伴随着呕吐，被称为晕车。如果你曾经在阅读或在行驶的车辆中使用设备时感到不受欢迎的呕吐冲动，那么你并不孤单。认识到这一共同问题，苹果公司已经加紧提供革命性的解决方案；iPhne和iPad的Vehicle Mtin Cue功能。)”可知，iPhne和iPad的Vehicle Mtin Cue功能主要解决旅途中有晕动病，所以经常旅行的人可能会对Vehicle Mtin Cue功能感兴趣。故选A项。
2. 主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Mtin sickness ccurs when there is a discnnect between what yur eyes see and what yur bdy feels. When yu’re in a mving vehicle, yur bdy senses mtin thrugh its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if yur eyes are fcused n a still screen that desn’t reflect this mvement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensry cnflict can lead t dizziness, nausea, and verall discmfrt - symptms all t familiar t mtin sickness sufferers.(当你的眼睛看到的和你的身体感觉之间出现脱节时，就会发生晕动病。当你在移动的车辆中时，你的身体通过前庭系统（内耳）感知运动，但如果你的眼睛聚焦在一个没有反映这种运动的静止屏幕上，大脑会收到混合信号。这种感官冲突会导致头晕、恶心和整体不适——这些症状对晕车患者来说太熟悉了。)”可知，本段主要讲晕车的原因。故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。由文章第三段“Apple’s new Vehicle Mtin Cues feature is designed t bridge this gap and bring relief t thse likely t experience mtin sickness. This revlutinary feature wrks by displaying animated dts, arund the edges f yur screen, which mve at the same time and speed as the mtin f yur vehicle. These mving cues help keep the mtin yur bdy feels in line with what yur eyes see, effectively reducing the sensry mismatch that causes mtin sickness.(苹果公司新的Vehicle Mtin Cue功能旨在弥合这一差距，并为那些可能患有晕动病的人带来缓解。这一革命性功能的工作原理是在屏幕边缘显示动画点，这些点与车辆的运动同时以相同的速度移动。这些移动的线索有助于使你的身体感觉与你的眼睛所看到的保持一致，有效地减少了导致晕车的感官不匹配。)”可知，通过在屏幕周围显示动画点，Applet Vehicle Mtin Cues能够缓解大脑中的感官冲突。故选A项。
4. 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Hwever, fr a lt f peple, the jurney is ften ruined by an uncmfrtable experience ften accmpanied by vmiting, knwn as mtin sickness. If yu’ve ever felt the unwelcme urge t vmit while reading r using yur device in a mving vehicle, yu’re nt alne. Recgnizing this cmmn issue, Apple has stepped up t ffer a revlutinary slutin; the Vehicle Mtin Cues feature fr iPhnes and iPads.(然而，对于很多人来说，旅途往往会被一种不舒服的体验所破坏，这种体验通常伴随着呕吐，被称为晕车。如果你曾经在阅读或在行驶的车辆中使用设备时感到不受欢迎的呕吐冲动，那么你并不孤单。认识到这一共同问题，苹果公司已经加紧提供革命性的解决方案；iPhne和iPad的Vehicle Mtin Cue功能。)”以及下文可知，文章介绍苹果公司的Vehicle Mtin Cue功能能解决人们晕车问题。所以D项Say Gdbye t Mtin Sickness: Apple Intrduces Its New Design(告别晕车：苹果推出新设计)符合语境。故选D项。
【期中·阅读·说明文13】（2024·浙江金华·一模）Last winter I enjyed a brief adventure in Guatemala. Over a perid f 12 days, I explred thrugh the jungle t watch the sunrise and danced in the street during the hliday parade. But lking back n that trip, what I remember mst vividly is a New Year’s Eve in Guatemala City, at a lifeless htel. Rather than a cuntdwn t midnight, I cunted dwn the hurs until my departure.
Nthing special happened during that night. Rather, the big rle this htel plays in my memries can be explained by a psychlgical principle called the recency effect. “The recency effect helps t accunt fr ur tendency t remember the ending part f a sequence f events with far mre clarity than the rest, ” said Dr. Mary Pffenrth, a bipsychlgist.
She says it arises frm ur shrt-term memry’s inability t hld n t mre than a small amunt f infrmatin at nce. S while there is n magic frmula t create lvely travel memries, emplying the recency effect can turn a gd trip int an unfrgettable ne.
Dr. Stephanie, a Neurscientist, says that while yu can strategically set ff the recency effect at a trip’s end, yu may have multiple pprtunities t create lasting memries all alng the way by breaking it up int smaller chunks.
Keep in mind that the recency effect can als backfire. “Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays, lst luggage r feeling unwell might be enugh t vershadw the entire experience, resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead f jyful, ” Stephanie said.
T avid disprprtinately (不成比例地)sptlighting the final days, Pffenrth has created a trick: She amplifies (增强) earlier days in a trip t keep her memries well-runded. “I cllect little bits that will remind me f that day: a subway ticket, a seashell, a cardbard drink with a pub’ s lg n it. ” Then, as she is packing n the last day, “I g thrugh all my little fund treasures and spend a few mments recalling each ne, ” she said. “This gives me a sense f clsure fr that chapter f travel and makes the experience memrable. ”
1. Hw did the authr feel abut the New Year’s Eve in Guatemala City?
A. It was bring.B. It was eventful.
C. It was relaxing.D. It was cheerful.
2. What d we knw abut the recency effect frm paragraph 2?
A. It is based n a psychlgical principle.
B. It is widely used t create lvely memries.
C. It highlights the final part f a series f events.
D. It makes up fr the inability f shrt-term memry.
3. What des the underlined wrd “backfire” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Be avided t sme extent.B. Be applied extensively.
C. Prduce undesirable cnsequences.D. Pse unexpected challenges.
4. Accrding t Pffenrth, which f the fllwing may help travelers have gd memries?
A. Share travel experiences.B. Recall the final days f a jurney.
C. Purchase as many suvenirs as pssible.D. Purpsely gather reminders f a jurney.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学中的近因效应原理，即人们倾向于更清晰地记住事件序列的结尾部分。作者通过自己的旅行经历，说明了运用近因效应可以让旅行变得更加难忘。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“But lking back n that trip, what I remember mst vividly is a New Year's Eve in Guatemala City, at a lifeless htel. Rather than a cuntdwn t midnight, I cunted dwn the hurs until my departure.( 但回想起那次旅行，我印象最深刻的是在危地马拉城的一个新年前夜，在一家毫无生气的酒店里。我没有倒数午夜，而是倒数出发前的几个小时。)” 可知，作者对危地马拉城的那个新年夜感到无聊，因为他在倒数离开的时间而不是新年的到来。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The recency effect helps t accunt fr ur tendency t remember the ending part f a sequence f events with far mre clarity than the rest,(近因效应有助于解释为什么我们倾向于比其他部分更清楚地记住一系列事件的结束部分，)”，这句话说明近因效应强调了事件序列结尾部分的记忆清晰度高于其他部分。C选项“It highlights the final part f a series f events.(它突出了一系列事件的最后一部分。)”符合题意。故选C。
3. 词义猜测题。根据第五段中划线词后面的内容“Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays, lst luggage r feeling unwell might be enugh t vershadw the entire experience, resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead f jyful(以紧张的航班延误、行李丢失或感觉不适来结束一次美妙的旅行，可能足以给整个经历蒙上阴影，导致你对旅行的记忆是糟糕的，而不是快乐的。)”可知，如果旅行以令人紧张的航班延误、行李丢失或身体不适等不愉快的事情结束，可能会使整个旅行体验变得糟糕，从而记住的是糟糕的旅行而不是愉快的旅行。因此，此处强调首因效应有时候会产生不良的后果。故划线词“backfire”在这里的意思是“产生不良后果”，C选项“Prduce undesirable cnsequences.(产生不良后果。)”与其为近义词。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Then, as she is packing n the last day, “I g thrugh all my little fund treasures and spend a few mments recalling each ne, ” she said. “This gives me a sense f clsure fr that chapter f travel and makes the experience memrable. ”(然后，在最后一天收拾行李的时候，她说：“我会浏览我所有的小宝贝，花点时间回忆每一件。”“这给了我一种结束旅行的感觉，让我的经历变得难忘。”)”可知，Pffenrth认为故意收集旅行的纪念品，花时间浏览自己的旅游纪念品，能够让作者的经历变得难忘即可以帮助旅行者拥有良好的记忆。因此，选项D“Purpsely gather reminders f a jurney.(故意收集旅行的纪念品)”有助于游客们拥有美好的旅游记忆。故选D。
【期中·阅读·说明文14】（2024·浙江绍兴·一模）The pllutants jamming ur skies aren’t just a health risk; they als cause ugly stains n buildings and ther structures. T cmbat this, chemists have been wrking fr years n a special type f paint that nt nly can clean itself but als may remve pllutants frm the air.
In a recent study, researchers have develped a new paint that wrks using UV rays frm rdinary sunlight, making its self-cleaning prperties easier t activate. They’ve als shwn they can effectively prduce this paint frm recycled materials. “We d this by using waste material frm industry and als using fallen leaves, which are rganic waste.” says Qaisar Maqbl, a chemist at the Vienna University f Technlgy.
In the wrking prcess, UV light stimulates the electrns in the titanium xide nanparticles (二氧化钛纳米颗粒), which interact with airbrne water mlecules t prduce highly reactive hydrxyl radicals (烃基自由基). These unstable chemicals attack pllutants that cme in cntact with the paint, cnverting them int less harmful substances such as carbn dixide and water. The research team added sme necessary elements t the nanparticles’ structure, which reduced the amunt f energy needed t spark the reactin and let it wrk via rdinary sunlight. In labratry tests, these mdified nanparticles remved up t 96 percent f tested pllutants added t the paint’s surface.
“It’s better t be able t use slar light t activate, as the paint can wrk passively, by itself,” says Antni Niet-Márquez Ballesters, a chemist at the Technical University f Madrid. But a real-wrld setting wuld prbably reduce its effectiveness, he adds. “Under labratry cnditins, it’ s a very small scale, and everything is very well cntrlled, such as temperature, humidity r the cncentratin f pllutants, but yu will never get thse results at a real scale.”
The study authrs stress that this wrk is just an initial step in their research. “I think it’s a very fundamental study,” says c-authr Günther Rupprechter. “We dn’t claim that we can remve all cntaminatin frm air,” he says, “but verall, it lks prmising.”
1. What is the purpse f wrking n the new paint?
A. T clean up pllutants frm the air.
B. T reuse waste materials frm industry.
C. T reduce the health risk frm sunlight.
D. T increase the amunt f nanparticles.
2. What is essential in the wrking prcess f the paint?
A. Recycled water.B. UV light.
C. Stable chemicals.D. Carbn dixide.
3. What d the researchers think f the paint?
A. It hlds an uncertain marketing prspect.
B. Its effectiveness may fall shrt in real wrld.
C. Its wrking cnditins remain t be cnfirmed.
D. It deserves immediate applicatin n a large scale.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. This Paint Can Clean Bth Itself and the Air
B. New Paint Is Being Applied t Real-wrld Setting
C. Recycled Materials Cntribute t a Prmising Paint
D. Labratry Research Unveils Grund-breaking Innvatin
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。为了去除空气中的污染物，化学家们多年来一直在研究一种特殊的油漆，这种油漆不仅可以自我清洁，还可以去除空气中的污染物。文章对其进行了详细介绍。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“T cmbat this, chemists have been wrking fr years n a special type f paint that nt nly can clean itself but als may remve pllutants frm the air.(为了解决这个问题，化学家们多年来一直在研究一种特殊的油漆，这种油漆不仅可以自我清洁，还可以去除空气中的污染物。)”可知，研究这种新油漆的目的是清除空气中的污染物。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“In the wrking prcess, UV light stimulates the electrns in the titanium xide nanparticles (二氧化钛纳米颗粒), which interact with airbrne water mlecules t prduce highly reactive hydrxyl radicals (烃基自由基).(在工作过程中，紫外线刺激氧化钛纳米粒子中的电子，这些电子与空气中的水分子相互作用，产生高活性的羟基自由基。)”和第二段“These unstable chemicals attack pllutants that cme in cntact with the paint, cnverting them int less harmful substances such as carbn dixide and water.(这些不稳定的化学物质会攻击与油漆接触的污染物，将其转化为二氧化碳和水等危害较小的物质。)”可知，在油漆的工作过程中紫外线是必不可少的。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“But a real-wrld setting wuld prbably reduce its effectiveness, he adds.(但他补充说，现实环境可能会降低其有效性。)”可知，研究人员认为现实环境可能会降低这种油漆的有效性。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“T cmbat this, chemists have been wrking fr years n a special type f paint that nt nly can clean itself but als may remve pllutants frm the air.(为了解决这个问题，化学家们多年来一直在研究一种特殊的油漆，这种油漆不仅可以自我清洁，还可以去除空气中的污染物。)”可知，文章主要是介绍一种既可以自我清洁又可以去除空气中的污染物的新油漆。故选A。
【期中·阅读·说明文15】（2024·浙江绍兴·一模）It wuld be difficult t veremphasize the imprtance f cperatin, nt nly because it was fundamental t the success f ur species thrugh evlutin, but because it is fundamental t the success f almst all mdern scial interactins and relatinships.
Let’s start by defining what cperatin actually means. Althugh definitins vary, cperatin has been defined as wrking r acting tgether fr mutual benefit. It requires tw r mre peple t act in the best interest f their cllective rather than acting fr selfish benefit. During task-related cmmunicatin, cperatin can be expressed in terms f prpsing a fair distributin f resurces r equal utcmes.
If we cnsider the dangerus envirnments that ur ancestrs grew up in, where arund every crner was a ptential predatr (捕食者), it’s n surprise that cperatin was encuraged. Having strng scial relatinships prvided a helping hand when sick r injured, and helped gather fd as well as warnings abut what t avid eating. As a result, mdern humans are hard-wired t find cperatin rewarding. Researchers have demnstrated that cperating with thers is assciated with increased reward-related activity in the brain cmpared t engaging in nn-cperative exchanges, even when the physical rewards btained frm such exchange remain the same. Evidently, it is in ur nature t want t cperate, and this is why ur relatinships thrive when we d.
When we cnsider the needs f thers and put the gals f the cllective abve the desire fr selfish gain during decisin making, we lay the grundwrk fr a strng trusting relatinship t be built. But it’s nt just in ur persnal lives that cperatin allws us t thrive, the same ges fr ur prfessinal lives. In business, when we wrk cllabratively with thers, be it at an individual level (between emplyees) r an industry level (between rganizatins), the shared resurces and shared ideas enable innvatin t flurish. It is exactly this cperative apprach f “tw heads are better than ne” that is at the heart f prject success thrughut academia and the private sectr.
1. Which statement best defines cperatin accrding t paragraph 2?
A. Acting tgether fr cmmn interests.
B. Wrking individually fr persnal gains.
C. Building strng relatinships within a team.
D. Assciating with each ther in an equal way.
2. Why des the authr mentin dangerus envirnments in human histry?
A. T shw the cperative ability f ur ancestrs.
B. T explain the link between cperatin and reward.
C. T highlight the rle f cperatin in human survival.
D. T illustrate the research f reward-related brain activity.
3. Hw des cperatin cntribute t success in prfessinal settings?
A. It prmtes innvatins by sharing ideas and resurces.
B. It creates prfit pprtunities fr rganizatins.
C. It ensures fair cmpetitin amng emplyees.
D. It enables individuals t satisfy their desire.
4. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Cperatin leads t the bst f business.
B. Cperatin strengthens persnal relatinships.
C. Cperatin is a key driver f human develpment.
D. Cperatin is a vital factr fr prfessinal success.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了合作的重要性，不仅在人类进化过程中对成功至关重要，也在现代社会互动和关系中起着重要作用。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Althugh definitins vary, cperatin has been defined as wrking r acting tgether fr mutual benefit. It requires tw r mre peple t act in the best interest f their cllective rather than acting fr selfish benefit.(尽管对合作的定义各不相同，但合作一直被定义为为共同利益而共同工作或行动。它要求两个或两个以上的人以他们集体的最佳利益行事，而不是为自己的利益行事。)”可知，关于合作的最好定义是为共同利益而共同行动。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“If we cnsider the dangerus envirnments that ur ancestrs grew up in, where arund every crner was a ptential predatr (捕食者), it’s n surprise that cperatin was encuraged. Having strng scial relatinships prvided a helping hand when sick r injured, and helped gather fd as well as warnings abut what t avid eating.(如果我们考虑到我们祖先成长的危险环境，那里的每个角落都有潜在的捕食者，那么鼓励合作就不足为奇了。拥有强大的社会关系可以在生病或受伤时伸出援助之手，帮助收集食物以及警告不要吃什么。)”可知，作者提到人类历史上的危险环境是为了突出合作在人类生存中的作用。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In business, when we wrk cllabratively with thers, be it at an individual level (between emplyees) r an industry level (between rganizatins), the shared resurces and shared ideas enable innvatin t flurish.(在商业中，当我们与他人合作时，无论是在个人层面（员工之间）还是在行业层面（组织之间），共享的资源和共享的想法使创新得以蓬勃发展。)”可知，在专业环境中合作通过分享想法和资源来促进创新以达到成功。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“It wuld be difficult t veremphasize the imprtance f cperatin, nt nly because it was fundamental t the success f ur species thrugh evlutin, but because it is fundamental t the success f almst all mdern scial interactins and relatinships.(合作的重要性怎么强调都不为过，不仅因为它是人类在进化过程中取得成功的基础，而且因为它是几乎所有现代社会互动和关系成功的基础。)”和最后一段最后一句“It is exactly this cperative apprach f “tw heads are better than ne” that is at the heart f prject success thrughut academia and the private sectr.(正是这种“三个臭皮匠胜过一个诸葛亮”的合作方式，是整个学术界和私营部门项目成功的核心。)”可知，文章主要是讲合作是人类发展的重要动力。故选C。