高考英语二轮-阅读理解之说明文16篇（满分攻略+名校模拟）学生版

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解之说明文16篇（满分攻略+名校模拟）学生版，共35页。试卷主要包含了满分攻略，说明方法，解题策略，说明文实用答题妙招等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、满分攻略
一、命题特点
1. 选材特点
文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。
2. 语篇结构
特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。两类文章，通常都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点，目的是帮助读者明白“为什么是这样”。
事物说明文一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、作对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响；事物说明文通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。
3. 设题特点
就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。
4. 命题热点
科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What d yu knw frm the passage?
标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title fr the text?
其次，科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点、产品工艺原理以及最新科学技术进步，文中易出现一些学术性较强的生词，因此常出现词义猜测题，提问形式为：What des the underlined wrd/phrase…in paragraph…mean/refer t?
二、说明方法
1. 罗列法（listing）
在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，secnd，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习： There are several gd reasns why we shuld learn a freign language. First f all， …Secndly， …And finally， …We shuld try ur best t plant mre trees fr several gd reasns First f all， …Secndly， …And finally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， secnd…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。
2. 举例法（examples）
举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用fr example， fr instance， still anther example is…等词语引出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。
3. 比较法（cmparisn and cntrast）
比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（cmparisn）和比较不同点（cntrast）两种方法。在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，als，t，in the same case，in spite f the difference等这样的词语。hwever，n the ther hand，in cntrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。
4. 定义法（definitin）
定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是 被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语。比如A bat is a small muse-like animal that flies at night and feeds n（以…为食品）fruit and insects but is nt a bird.
5. 顺序法（sequence f time，space and prcess）
顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。
6. 分类法（classificatin）
分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。
Sme bks are t be tasted， thers t be swallwed， and sme few t be chewed and digested, that is, sme bks are t be read nly in parts， thers t be read， but nt curiusly，and sme few t be read whlly, and with diligence and attentin. Sme bks als may be read by deputy, and extracts made f them by thers; but that wuld be nly in the less imprtant arguments, and the meaner srt f bks…
三、解题策略
1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图
科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式比较固定，梳理文本结构有助于把握文章主旨。学生在阅读时，可以首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析文本结构，然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。
2. 利用文中语境线索，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断
科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。如果句子成分复杂、有生词，学生不要退缩，抓住行文逻辑的标志词，分析句子结构，厘清主句和分句或非谓语动词之间的关系，蹭蹭剖析，就能明晰句意，进行合理判断。
3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真
高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。因此，仔细辨析选项，对比选项间的差异，甄别选项与原文的异同，会对同学们选出正确答案大有帮助。
四、说明文实用答题妙招
1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。
2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。
3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。
4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。
5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。
二、名校模拟
【浙江·阅读·说明文01】（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）There are functining steam railways in ther cuntries: turists in France can g fr a ride in Brittany; s can visitrs travelling t the Dandenng Ranges in Australia. But n ther cuntry has a heritage railway sectr anywhere near as energetic as the UK’s, where mre than 170 services crss arund 600 miles f track and call at 460 statins.
Just a few years after the first f these railways pened at Talyllyn in nrth Wales, in1951, a fictinal Welsh steam engine became the main character in the children’s televisin serial Ivr the Engine. On lines riginally built fr slate quarries (石板采石场), nrth Wales still has the biggest grup f steam railways, but they exist in all fur natins f the UK, typically perating seasnal timetables in turist areas. These railways are living museums with statins decrated in perid style. Sme staff wear cstumes t.
Up t 95% f the 18. 5m jurneys n heritage railways each year are taken by dmestic turists. They we their ppularity t a cmbinatin f nstalgia (怀旧), enjyment f the cuntryside and enthusiasm fr the ld engines.
Railways are expensive t run, and the first steam preservatin enthusiasts recgnised that they wuld need vlunteers t make their dream f a revival cme true. This reliance n vlunteers is partly due t cuts in budgets frm lcal authrities and ther funders. But heritage railways are a gd example f what can be achieved by a cmbined paid and vluntary wrkfrce. As well as the ecnmic cntributin that the railways make t rural areas, there is evidence that vlunteering can have beneficial effects n peple as well.
The railways will need t respnd, like the rest f the sciety, t envirnmental plicies. The destructive impact f greenhuse gases is an bvius challenge t a sectr that trades n an image f cal-pwered transprt. Electric railway engines are being used fr maintenance, t bring emissins dwn, and sme railways are active in wildlife cnservatin. There will need t be further adaptatin dwn the line. That the railways dn’t stand still has always been part f their appeal especially n rainy days in the summer hlidays.
1．Hw are the UK’s steam railways different frm ther cuntries'?
A．They are active acrss the cuntries.B．They serve as turist attractins.
C．They are mainly pwered by steam.D．They use small amunts f energy.
2．Why des the authr mentin Ivr the Engine?
A．T spread knwledge f the classic serial.B．T intrduce the rigin f steam engines.
C．T shw the ppularity f steam railways.D．T share a childhd memry f travelling.
3．What can we infer frm paragraph 4?
A．Vlunteers help t keep heritage railways alive.B．Ecnmic grwth depends n individual effrts.
C．Peple can’t affrd t travel by heritage railway.D．Lcal fficials dn’t use ld means f transprt.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards heritage railways?
A．Indifferent.B．Dubtful.C．Appreciative.D．Negative.
【浙江·阅读·说明文02】（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）A new study has revealed that a prehistric sea cw was the target f tw different predatrs (捕食动物) — an ancient crcdile and a tiger shark, prviding rare insights int the cmplex fd chains frm millins f years ag. The research, cnducted by an internatinal team f scientists and published in the Jurnal f Vertebrate Palentlgy, uncvers ne f the few knwn instances where a single prey (猎物) was attacked by many predatrs.
The sea cw, belnging t the extinct grup Culebratherium, was first attacked by a crcdile. Evidence then shws that after the initial attack, the sea cw’s remains were searched by a tiger shark, a tth f which was fund near the unlucky animal’s neck.
“Have yu seen the Batman mvie? There is a scene where he and Alfred are shting bullets t try and figure ut which specific type f bullet they are trying t find, ” said Benites-Palmin, lead authr f the research. “Our research was cnducted in exactly the same way. We have these experiments in the wild where predatrs are attacking their prey, and then afterwards we try t cmpare which is the best scene fr what we’re finding there.”
The find is particularly significant as it adds t the limited fssil recrd f multiple predatrs interacting with a single prey. Such interactins are cmmn in tday’s ecsystems, but are rarely dcumented in the fssil recrd, making this discvery an imprtant piece f the puzzle in understanding ancient fd webs.
“We have been unsure as t which animals wuld have served this purpse as a fd surce fr multiple predatrs. Our previus research has identified sperm whales searched by several shark species, and this new research highlights the imprtance f sea cws within the fd chain, ” Benites- Palmin said in a statement.
The digging, directed by Marcel Sanchez- Villagra, head f the Palaentlgical Institute and Museum in Zurich, Switzerland, was bth challenging and rewarding. The site was initially discvered by a lcal farmer wh sptted unusual rcks, inspiring the team t investigate further and eventually unearth the sea cw fssils.
1．What d we knw abut the prehistric sea cw?
A．It reached the tp f fd chains.B．It is thught t have cmplex teeth.
C．It belngs t an endangered species.D．It was attacked by tw different animals.
2．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The scene f animal fights.B．The methd f the research.
C．The intrductin f a mvie.D．The danger f the experiments.
3．What des the imprtance f the study lie in?
A．Challenging the current ecsystems.B．Offering insights int ancient fd webs.
C．Clarifying the misunderstanding f sea cws.D．Figuring ut the link between man and nature.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．The Batman Mvie Inspired a ResearchB．A Puzzle in Cmplex Ancient Fd Chains
C．Shark and Crcdile Ate Unlucky Sea CwD．An Imprtant Bilgical Discvery f a Farmer
【浙江·阅读·说明文03】（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Switching fd and drink purchases t very similar but mre envirnmentally friendly alternatives culd reduce the greenhuse gas emissins frm husehld grceries by mre than a quarter (26%), accrding t a new Australian study frm The Gerge Institute published in Nature Fd. Making bigger changes — like swapping a frzen meat lasagne (宽面条) fr the vegetarian ptin — culd push the reductin t as much as 71%.
Lead authr Dr Allisn Gaines said, “Dietary habits need t change significantly if we are t meet glbal emissins targets, particularly in high-incme cuntries like Australia, the UK, and the US.” But while cnsumers are increasingly aware f the envirnmental impact f the fd system, they lack reliable infrmatin t identify the mre envirnmentally friendly ptins.
Researchers calculated the prjected emissins f annual grcery purchases frm 7,000 Australian husehlds in The Gerge Institute’s FdSwitch database and glbal envirnmental impact databasets. Mre than 22,000 prducts were assigned t majr, minr and sub-categries f fds (e. g. ‘bread and bakery’, ‘bread’ and ‘white bread’, respectively) t quantify emissins saved by switching bth within and between grups. Making switches within the same sub-categries f fds culd lead t emissin reductins f 26% in Australia, equivalent t taking ver 1.9 millin cars ff the rad. Switches within minr categries f fds culd lead t even bigger emissin reductins f 71%.
The results f the study shw the ptential t significantly reduce ur envirnmental impact by switching like-fr-like prducts. “It shwed that yu can switch t lwer emissins prducts while still enjying nutritius fds,” Dr Gaines added.
A free app, called ecSwitch, has been develped currently available in Australia, based n this research. Shppers can use their device t scan a prduct barcde and check its ‘Planetary Health Rating’, a measure f its emissins shwn as a scre between half a star (high emissins) t five stars (lw emissins).
“While ecSwitch is a much-needed first step in prviding envirnmental transparency (透明度) fr grcery shppers, the visin is fr cmpulsive display f a single, standardised sustainability rating system n all supermarket prducts,” cncluded pr f Neal, Prfessr f Clinical Epidemilgy at Imperial Cllege Lndn.
1．What’s the functin f paragraph 2?
A．T set the stage fr further explanatin.
B．T summarize the previus paragraph.
C．T give supprting details fr the writer’s argument.
D．T make a cmparisn between different cuntries.
2．Why d researchers make a detailed classificatin fr prducts?
A．T set up a cmprehensive database.
B．T figure ut the detailed fd categries.
C．T measure emissins reduced by switching fd.
D．T ensure less air pllutin caused by fd ptins.
3．What d we knw abut ecSwitch?
A．It is ppular in high- incme cuntries.
B．It checks the emissins f star prducts.
C．It is a measurement system fr a supermarket.
D．It ensures wiser chices fr fd purchase.
4．What’s the best title f the text?
A．EcSwitch—a Reminder f Fd Safety
B．Dietary habits—a Factr f Physical Health
C．Fd swaps—a Way f Envirnmental Sustainability
D．Greenhuse gas emissins—a Cause f Envirnmental Crisis
【浙江·阅读·说明文04】（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Frm the swinging rhythms f the 1950s t the auttuned hks f tday, pp music has undergne a remarkable transfrmatin. But what exactly has changed, and hw can we measure it?
Researchers identify tw majr “meldic (旋律的) revlutins” in pp music histry: ne in 1975 and anther in 2000. These turning pints mark significant shifts in the structure and cmplexity f hit meldies. Interestingly, these musical milestnes aren’t perfectly in line with the revlutins in harmny and tne clr, suggesting that different aspects f music may evlve at different rates.
During these revlutins, meldies have generally becme simpler, bth in terms f pitch (音高) and rhythm. Mdern pp hits tend t use a smaller range f ntes and simpler rhythmic patterns cmpared t thse frm the 1950s and 60s. At the same time, there was a dramatic increase in “nte density” — the number f ntes squeezed int each secnd f music. This means that while tday’s pp meldies might be simpler in structure, they’re ften delivered mre rapidly, creating a sense f energy and urgency that wasn’t as cmmn in earlier decades.
There are several interesting pssibilities fr what is happening. One thery suggests that as ther aspects f music prductin — like cmplex electrnic beats and richly layered instrumentatin — have becme mre sphisticated, meldies have had t simplify t maintain a balance. Anther explanatin pints t the changing landscape f music cnsumptin. In an era f streaming and scial media, where listeners can skip t the next sng in secnds, there may be mre pressure t create tunes that grab attentin instantly. This culd favr simpler, mre repetitive meldies that are easy t remember and sing alng t.
Relatinships between different musical features have als becme strnger in recent years. Fr example, in pst-2000 pp hits, meldies with mre ntes per secnd tend t be less cmplex in terms f pitch variety. This suggests that mdern pp sngwriting may be fllwing stricter patterns than in the past.
1．What change has taken place in pp music ver the years?
A．Denser ntes.B．Bigger range f pitch.
C．Mre cmplex rhythms.D．Mre diverse tne clrs.
2．Which f the fllwing may cntribute t the revlutin f pp music?
A．The difficulty in creating catchier tunes.
B．The cnventinal patterns t enjy music.
C．The cnvenience f switching between sngs.
D．The need t balance increasingly intense beats.
3．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Pp sngwriting might be mre flexible in the past.
B．Mdern pp music priritizes simplicity in meldy.
C．Pst-2000 pp hits feature cmplexity in pitch variety.
D．Relatinships between musical elements are invariable.
4．What’s the purpse f the text?
A．T prve a viewpint.B．T remve sme dubts.
C．T illustrate a principle.D．T analyze a phenmenn.
【浙江·阅读·说明文05】（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Over the decades, Yasmeen Lari, Pakistan’s first female architect, has wn much recgnitin as an architect and envirnmentalist.
When Lari was yung, she had an uncnventinal upbringing. Her father was a prgressive civil service fficer wh ften talked abut the husing crisis and need fr architects, which impressed Lari greatly. At age 17, she was admitted t the architecture schl at Oxfrd Brkes University as ne f nly five wmen in the class.
After graduatin, as her buildings rse, Lari’s renwn grew. She held senir psitins in natinal and internatinal architectural grups. “It was a very heady experience,” she says. Yet she fund ways t stay grunded. Sn the discmfrt with cmmercial prjects grew in her — with their creative freedm, large budgets and luxurius materials. She culd n lnger justify fashining buildings ut f unsustainable materials when millins had limited access t husing, sanitatin (公共卫生) and water. “Architects can n lnger wrk fr just the ne percent,” she says, “That desn’t allw them t serve humanity as much as they culd.”
In 2013, when Lari was giving a tur f a village that had been rebuilt after destructive flds, she watched the villagers shw ff the buildings she had designed. “Our ld buildings used t leak when it rained, but these stay dry inside,” ne villager tld Lari. Pakistan’s lcatin and melting glaciers place it within the tp ten cuntries mst impacted by climate change. Lari’s shelters, made with lcal sustainable materials such as bamb, mud and lime, can better withstand disasters. Her insistence n lw-cst, zer-waste and zer-carbn buildings reflects her cmmitment t the planet.
At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still wrking n zer-carbn designs and self-sustaining villages. When she accepted the Ryal Institute f British Architects Gld Medal, she said, the hnur “has strengthened my missin”.
1．What made Lari take an interest in architecture?
A．Shrtage f female architects.B．Traditinal parenting values.
C．Her father’s influence in childhd.D．Admissin t an architecture schl.
2．Which statement abut architects may Lari agree with?
A．They shuld center n the well-being f the general public.
B．They shuld spend millins f dllars in fashining buildings.
C．They shuld be a hundred percent cmmitted t their missin.
D．They shuld use luxurius materials t display their creativity.
3．What did the villager think f the huse designed by Lari?
A．Cst-effective.B．Material-saving.C．Water-prf.D．Ec-friendly.
4．What was her missin accrding t Lari?
A．T call fr zer-carbn lifestyles.
B．T help pr peple build huses.
C．T develp sustainable cnstructin materials.
D．T cnstruct envirnmentally-friendly buildings.
【浙江·阅读·说明文06】（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）Fr peple wh never cmplain abut the cld, can take r leave shwers and wuld get used t nises, ideal jbs have cme up. A heritage charity is advertising vacancies at the bttm f the wrld. Based in Antarctica, successful applicants will have t adapt t near-cnstant daylight, subzer temperatures and n flushing tilet r running water. But what incredible upsides: penguins and breathtaking landscapes in the plar area.
The UK Antarctic heritage Trust said it was seeking“ passinate adventurers ready t take n the challenge f a lifetime” in jbs that included managing a museum, pst ffice and gift shp as well as cnducting penguin cunts. Thse selected will live and wrk at Base A at Prt Lckry n Gudier Island.
Bridie Martin-West, a 33-year-ld midwife, is the current base leader. She said. “We get the wnder f seeing humpback and minke whales g past. On ne side f the island we have the mst majestic muntain range and n the ther side we’ve gt a glacier with icebergs. It is really raw nature and stunningly beautiful.”
The team arrived n the island at the same time as gent penguins fr their breeding seasn. The penguins are knwn fr their lud, head-back trumpet call, but Martin-West said, “Having cme frm living in Lndn it is still much quieter here…”
A typical evening might be watching films, playing bard games r carrying n an Antarctic traditin f peple giving presentatins n subjects they knw smething abut.
Applicatins were pened yesterday t UK residents, with training beginning in August. There will be interviews and selectin events befre then. Martin-West recalled being asked t put up tents blindfld while wearing ven glves. She said, “The training was like a crss between bt camp and a reality TV shw. It is very full n. It is a lt f wrk, sme f which is quite physical.”
1．What is the meaning f the underlined wrd “upsides”?
A．Changes.B．Advantages.C．Opprtunities.D．Challenges.
2．What can yu learn frm Paragraph 4?
A．Martin-West preferred t stay in Lndn.
B．Lndn is a nisy place cmpared t the island.
C．Martin-West struggled t get used t life at Base A．
D．The nise in Antarctica is unbearable fr Martin-West.
3．Which wrd best describes the jb mentined in the text?
A．Respectable.B．Prfitable.C．Effrtless.D．Demanding.
4．What des the text mainly tell us?
A．Adventurers are called n t enjy endless fun.
B．Antarctic jbs cncerning penguins are easy.
C．Unique Antarctic Jbs with highlights are waiting fr adventurers.
D．The chance has cme fr peple t explre the cld and wild wrld.
【浙江·阅读·说明文07】（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Over the past few years, the health and wellness industry has experienced a significant bm, driven in part by the pandemic prmpting individuals t priritize their well-being. This surge has led t a ntable increase in the interest surrunding vitamins and supplements. Sales f dietary supplements in the US surged by 50% between 2018 and 2020, amunting t ver $220 billin in 2020 as revealed by a study published in the jurnal Nutrients.
Amid this trend, scial media influencers are actively prmting varius vitamins and supplements as a quick fix fr varius health issues. Vitamins and supplements can be a beneficial additin t a persn’s health and wellness rutine — if used and btained crrectly. Hwever, experts cautin that this prmtin can smetimes perpetuate misinfrmatin and ptentially lead t harmful health cnsequences due t blanket statements lacking scientific backing. Dietitian Carline Thmasn warns against blanket recmmendatins, emphasizing the imprtance f persnalized advice.
The questin f “What vitamins shuld I take?” lacks a ne-size-fits-all answer. Navigating the wrld f vitamins requires individualized guidance. Experts recmmend cnsulting a primary care physician r dietitian. Cnducting bld tests t assess vitamin levels is crucial befre determining specific supplement needs. Persnalized recmmendatins are essential as there is n universal apprach t vitamin intake. If yu dn’t have a deficiency, priritizing a diverse diet t meet yur nutritinal needs rather than relying slely n supplements is advisable.
It’s vital t exercise cautin when cnsidering daily vitamin intake. Certain vitamins, such as fat- sluble vitamins A, D, E, K, alng with minerals like irn and calcium, shuld nt be cnsumed regularly withut prfessinal guidance. Excessive intake f these nutrients withut a deficiency can lead t txicity and adverse interactins. It’s vital t be aware f ptential health risks, including liver damage, high calcium levels, bleeding, and kidney stnes, which may arise frm imprper supplements.
In cnclusin, while vitamins and supplements can enhance ne’s health rutine when used apprpriately, excessive intake withut medical supervisin can pse serius health risks. Individualized guidance frm healthcare prfessinals is essential t ensure ptimal well-being and avid ptential cmplicatins.
1．Why d experts cautin against blanket recmmendatins fr vitamin intake?
A．Because they are gaining ppularity.
B．Because they lack scientific evidence.
C．Because they are persnalized suggestins.
D．Because they are influenced by scial media.
2．What is emphasized as essential befre deciding specific supplements needed?
A．Cnsulting scial media influencers.B．Increasing vitamin intake.
C．Using universal appraches.D．Taking bld tests.
3．Accrding t the text, what des the underlined term “deficiency” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．A treatment planB．Lack f vitamins
C．An inadequate dietD．Intake f supplements
4．What des this passage mainly fcus n?
A．Ptential risks f imprper diet
B．Influencer culture in the wellness industry
C．Dietary guidelines fr ideal health
D．Imprtance f tailred supplement cnsumptin
【浙江·阅读·说明文08】（24-25高三上·浙江·开学考试）Many peple have wndered why children believe in things like Santa Claus r the Tth Fairy, thinking that children’s minds are easily fled. Hwever, develpmental psychlgy ffers a different perspective.
A study published in Develpmental Psychlgy explres hw children react t ideas that g against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect. This way f checking, knwn as the“ empirical stance,” is evident by the time children reach elementary schl.
The study invlved nearly 200 children aged 3 t 8 frm Chinese schls. Each child was presented with five differently- sized bjects made frm painted Russian dlls. The children naturally assumed that the smallest dll was the lightest and the largest the heaviest. When asked t identify the heaviest bject, mst children chse the largest ne. An adult then either agreed with the children’s chice r made a claim that the smallest dll was the heaviest. The researchers bserved whether the children wuld change their minds r test the adult’s claim by cmparing the weights f the dlls.
Initially, children seemed t trust the adult’s wrd, with nly a small percentage insisting n their riginal belief. Hwever, when given the pprtunity t explre the dlls, elementary schl children wh had received the surprising claim systematically tested it by cmparing the smallest and largest dlls. This explratin allwed them t generate evidence that culd cntradict the adult’s claim.
These findings suggest that while children are willing t trust an adult’s surprising claims, their acceptance is temprary. By elementary schl, they systematically test such claims by seeking new evidence, which they then use t update their beliefs.
The study’s implicatins extend beynd childhd. Mst adults accept cmplex cncepts, such as the existence f electrns, based n the testimny（证词） f thers rather than persnal experience.
S while children may learn abut the magic f Santa Claus frm adults, adults might similarly have smething t learn frm elementary schl children: mst f us wuld d well t adpt an empirical stance mre ften than we currently d.
1．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The methdlgy f the study.B．The cnclusin f the study.
C．The significance f the study.D．The theretical basis f the study.
2．Which child’s respnse matches the empirical stance?
A．Taylr believes what the teacher says n matter what.
B．Jrdan thinks the earth is flat because his father says s.
C．Emma assumes the watermeln is sweet and then tastes it.
D．Maya suspects there are mnsters living in trees as the stry says.
3．What lessn culd adults learn frm children?
A．Rejecting cmplex cncepts.B．Never trusting anyne.
C．Learning frm their wn experience.D．Cunting n thers’ testimny.
4．What is the main purpse f the text?
A．T highlight the imprtance f adult’s rle in children’s educatin and grwth.
B．T advcate fr a mre empirical apprach t belief frmatin acrss all ages.
C．T clarify a misunderstanding abut elementary schl students’ learning ability.
D．T persuade adults t help children rid themselves f wrng ideas abut the wrld.
【浙江·阅读·说明文09】（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Muntain chickadees (山雀) have sme f the strngest spacial memries in the animal kingdm. New research reveals the genes invlved and sheds light n hw a changing climate may influence the evlutin f this particular skill.
In a new study, researchers at the University f Clrad Bulder and the University f Nevada, Ren identify nearly a hundred genes assciated with the birds’ spacial memry, r ability t recall the lcatins f bjects. The paper als suggests a ptential balance may exist between having a slid lng- term memry and being able t quickly remve ld memries t frm new nes.
Taylr, the directr f CU Bulder’s Muntain Research Statin and his assciates at the University f Nevada, Ren, lead by bilgist prfessr Vladimir Pravsudv, designed a nvel technique t assess the spacial memry f wild muntain chickadees. They hung varius feeder grups in Califrnia’s Sierra Nevada muntains, each with eight seed-filled bird feeders. Each feeder has a gate equipped with a radi frequency reader capable f detecting a tag placed n chickadees by researchers. The scientists then cnfigured (设定) each gate t nly pen t specific birds, frcing the chickadees t remember which feeders wuld pen t them. Pravsudv and his team then cunted hw many times each chickadee landed n the wrng feeders befre they recalled the right ne.
Using bld samples, the CU Bulder team sequenced (测定序列) the whle genme f 162 tagged chickadees, resulting in the largest database ever cllected fr examining the genetic basis f chickade’s cgnitive ability. The team discvered 97 genes invlved in chickadee spacial learning and memry by cmparing the birds’ genmes t their perfrmance n the feeder test.
The findings culd help bilgists better understand the evlutin f spacial memry in animals, including humans. “Chickadees are impressive birds,” said Sctt Taylr. “They can remember tens f thusands f lcatins where they stre fd acrss an entire winter and a new set f thse the next winter. Their spacial memry is much mre develped than many ther birds that dn’t have t have this strategy t survive cld winters.”
1．What d we knw abut muntain chickadees’ spacial memries?
A．They are linked with a hundred relevant genes.B．They maintain a gd balance in lcating bjects.
C．They are cnsidered pwerful in the animal wrld.D．They might accunt fr the slw change f climate.
2．What can a radi frequency reader d in the test?
A．Lwer the errr rate f the chickadees.B．Cunt the times each chickadee failed.
C．Cllect the fd infrmatin f a feeder.D．Identify the chickadee landing n a feeder.
3．What des paragraph 4 fcus n abut the study?
A．Bld sampling.B．Genes invlved.
C．Ability cmparing.D．Data gathered.
4．What des Sctt Taylr imply in the last paragraph?
A．Chickadees pssess amazing evlutinary capability.
B．Many ther birds shuld imprve their spacial memry.
C．Fd strage is vital t the survival f animals in winter.
D．Chickadees’ spacial memry carries them thrugh winter.
【浙江·阅读·说明文10】（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）Lrd Nrman Fster, renwned as ne f the wrld’s fremst architects, has devted decades t redefining the cncept f tall buildings. “What we’ve dne is create a sense f identify draw n frm real needs,” Fster said. “It’s nt a fashinable idea, but generated frm the realities we were in.” His masterpiece includes icnic structures such as the HSBC building in Hng Kng. Nw, he’s set his sights n Qatar.
Currently nearing cmpletin and set t reach a height f 301 meters, Fster’s Lusail Twers are ready t claim the title f Oatar’s tallest buildings. Lusail Twers are intended t serve as a center fr Oatar’s financial institutins, with fur distinctive blcks, tw standing at 70 stries and tw at 50 stries.
But the cnstructin itself wasn’t all plain sailing. T address the unique challenges presented by Oatar’s ht climate, Fster’s team had t depart frm the materials cmmnly used in skyscrapers in cler cuntries—— part f what Fster called a decades- lng quest t “reinvent the tall building.” The design cmbines advanced shading with ventilatin (通风), while the twers’ surfaces are cated with “marine- grade” aluminum (铝) that wraps arund the buildings, prtecting the glass frm strng sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light. Central t the prject are special shading fins (鳍), which nt nly ptimize views and natural lighting fr ccupants but reduce slar radiatin by 70% cmpared t traditinal all- glass twers.
While the twers are ready t becme a recgnizable landmark fr Lusail, Fster believes that a city’s skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface. It was crucial t integrate the twers int a “lw- scale master plan.” They are strategically psitined n tp f a subway line and at the end f a cmmercial avenue linking the waterfrnt t the nearby ftball stadium. Accrding t Fster, the grund features f the plaza will play a significant rle in the bjective f transfrming the area int a lively public space fr the future.
1．Accrding t Fster’s cncept, what shuld tall buildings be like?
A．Creative.B．Identical.
C．Fashinable.D．Practical.
2．What can we learn abut the Lusail Twers?
A．They will functin as a glbal financial center.
B．They are expected t be Qartar’s tallest building.
C．They are Fster’s mst renwned icnic masterpiece.
D．They have fur blcks with the same style and height.
3．What was the slutin t the challenges caused by Qatar’s ht climate?
A．Replacing the glass with “marine-grade” aluminum.
B．Cating the twer with an uncnventinal material.
C．Reducing the views and natural lighting with shading fins.
D．Prtecting the glass frm natural light and slar radiatin.
4．What’s the gal f “lw- scale master plan”?
A．T link the waterfrnt t the ftball stadium.
B．T create a remarkable plaza fr the citizens.
C．T ffer a dynamic public space fr the future.
D．T cnnect a subway and a cmmercial avenue.
【浙江·阅读·说明文11】（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）The launch f a tl t recrd a vanishing Greek dialect drew attentin back this week t ne f the great extinctins f the mdern wrld: nine languages are believed t be disappearing every year. Rmeyka, which is spken by an ageing ppulatin f a few thusand peple in the muntain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea cast, separated frm mdern Greek thusands f years ag. It has n written frm. Fr linguists, it is a“ living bridge” t the ancient Greek wrld, the lss f which wuld clearly be a blw.
But sme languages are in even bigger truble, with 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just ne. A cperatin between Australian and British institutins paints the situatin in distinct clurs, with a language stripes chart, devised t illustrate the accelerating decline in each decade between 1700 and tday. Its authrs predict that between 50% and 90% f the wrld’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even nw, half f the peple n the planet speak just 24 f them.
The histry f languages has always been linked t clnialism (殖民主义) and plitical persecutin (迫害), which scatter ppulatins as well as cntrlling them. The Endangered Languages Alliance (ELA) has tracked dwn and mapped hundreds f dying languages in New Yrk, which is an unexpected discvery. These dialects are suppsed t be fund in remte rural areas. Amng ELA’s mre shcking discveries is that, f 700 surviving speakers f Seke, which riginated in a cluster f muntain villages in Nepal, mre than 150 can be traced t tw apartment buildings in Brklyn district f New Yrk.
Frm Sami reindeer herders acrss the Arctic t Australia’s Indigenus (土著的) peples, the ways in which peple express themselves hide secret messages abut ancient ways f living in nature. Bth a will and a way are needed if they are t survive. By simply hnuring their existence, linguists play an imprtant rle. Ken Hale, an activist wh is strngly fr preserving endangered languages famusly argued that lsing any language was “like drpping a bmb n the Luvre”.
1．What des “Rmeyka” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A．An extinct ancient Greek language.
B．A language with very few written wrds.
C．A disappearing dialect related t ancient Greek.
D．A ppular dialect lved by the yung generatin.
2．Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2?
A．T shw the imprtance f the dialects.B．T cnclude the diversity f the dialects.
C．T explain different ways t prtect dialects.D．T illustrate the tendency f fast dying dialects.
3．What can we infer frm Paragraph 3?
A．Seke is a place in the muntains f Nepal.
B．Peple assume fewer dialects exist in big cities.
C．Nepal and New Yrk were twin cities many years ag.
D．ELA is nt surprised t trace an riginal Nepal dialect t Brklyn.
4．What des Ken Hale’s qute mean?
A．The extinctin f a dialect is a great lss.
B．Bmbing Luver is a disaster t any language.
C．Ancient ways f living are kept secret in Luvre.
D．Languages are t survive simply by hnring them.
【浙江·阅读·说明文12】（24-25高三上·浙江·开学考试）Eating a plant- based diet has been shwn t be very gd fr yur heart and yur verall health. In fact, a recent study fund a yung persn culd live an additinal 13 years by eating mre vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whle grains, fruit and nuts.
Which makes the findings f a new analysis f the diets f nearly 400,000 UK adults published Mnday in the jurnal Frntiers in Nutritin rather shcking: Eating veggies, especially cked nes, desn’t reduce yur risk f heart disease ver time.
“Our large study did nt find evidence fr a prtective effect f vegetable intake n the ccurrence f CVD (cardivascular disease),” said Qi Feng, an epidemilgist at the University f Oxfrd, in a statement.
While the study fund eating raw veggies culd prtect against heart disease, cked vegetables did nt. Any benefit went away when researchers factred in lifestyle factrs such as physical activity, educatinal level, smking, drinking, fruit intake, red and prcessed meat cnsumptin, and use f mineral and vitamin supplements.
“Instead, ur analyses shw that the seemingly prtective effect f vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely t be accunted fr by bias (偏差)… related t differences in sciecnmic situatin and lifestyle,” Feng said.
Dn’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly tk exceptin t the study’s cnclusin
“Althugh this study fund that eating mre vegetables wasn’t assciated with a lwer risk f heart and circulatry diseases nce ther lifestyle and ther factrs were taken int accunt, that desn’t mean we shuld stp eating vegetables,” said Victria Taylr, a senir dietitian at the British Heart Fundatin, in a statement.
“The results are nt surprising. Picking ut ne single cmpnent and assuming just adding it t the diet, e. g., vegetables, is nt likely t result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, directr and senir scientist at Tufts University’s Cardivascular Nutritin Labratry, tld CNN in an email.
“One thing that has becme clear ver the past decade is we shuld nt be lking at single fd s r nutrients, rather the whle dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein.
1．What can we learn frm the new study led by Feng?
A．It fllwed a yung UK persn fr 13 years.
B．Its findings came as n surprise t ther peple.
C．It verturned the cnclusin f previus studies.
D．Its purpse was t find the right vegetables fr peple.
2．What did Feng imply abut vegetables’ prtective effect?
A．It was ttally made up by sme researchers.
B．It still held true despite sme different findings.
C．It culd nly be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle.
D．It was a miscnceptin caused by differences in peple.
3．Which f fllwing is clsest in meaning t underlined phrase“ take exceptin t”?
A．Vice bjectins t.B．Add details t.
C．Display ignrance f.D．Take ntice f.
4．What did Lichtenstein think f the study?
A．It was grundbreaking.B．It was ne- sided.
C．It wuld cause cnfusin.D．It needed mre evidence.
【浙江·阅读·说明文13】（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）Millins f migratry (迁徙的) birds ccupy seasnally favrable breeding grunds in the Arelie, but scientists knw little abut the frmatin, maintenance and future f the migratin rutes f Arctic birds and the genetic determinants f migratry distance. In a new study, a multinatinal team f researchers under the leadership f Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang frm the Institute f Zlgy f the Chinese Academy f Sciences integrated tw state- f- the- art techniques — satellite tracking and whle genme sequencing (基因组测序) — and established a cntinental-scale migratin system f peregrine falcns (游隼) in Eurasian Arctic.
The researchers tracked 56 peregrine falcns frm six Eurasian Arctic breeding ppulatins and sequenced 35 genmes frm fur f these ppulatins t study the migratin f this species. They fund that the birds used five migratin rutes acrss Eurasia, prbably established between the last Ice Age 22,000 years ag and the middle-Hlcene 6,000 years ag. “Peregrine falcns initiated their autumn migratin mainly in September, and arrived at their wintering areas mainly in Octber,” said Prfessr Mike Brufrd, an eclgist at Cardiff University. “Peregrine falcns that depart frm different breeding grunds use different rutes, and winter at widely distributed sites acrss fur distinct regins. Individual birds that were tracked fr mre than ne year exhibited strng path repeatability during migratin, cmplete lyalty t wintering lcatins and limited breeding dispersal (扩散). ”
The researchers quantified the migratin strategies and fund that migratin distance is the mst significant differentiatin. They used whle genme sequencing and fund a gene — ADCY8, which is knwn t be invlved in lng-term memry in ther animals in previus research — assciated with differences in migratry distance. They fund ADCY8 had a variant (变体) at high frequency in lng- distance migrant ppulatins f peregrine falcns, indicating this variant is being favrably selected because it may increase pwers f lng- term memry thught t be essential fr lng- distance migratin.
“Previus studies have identified several candidate genmic regins that may regulate migratin — but ur wrk is the strngest demnstratin f a specific gene assciated with migratry behavir yet identified,” Prfessr Brufrd said. The researchers further lked at mdels f likely future migratin behavir t predict the impact f glbal warming. If the climate warms at the same rate as it has in recent decades, they predict peregrine ppulatins in western Eurasia have the highest prbability f ppulatin decline and may stp migrating altgether.
“Our wrk is the first t begin t understand the way eclgical factrs may interact in migratry birds,” said Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang. “We hpe it will serve as a crnerstne t help cnserve migratry species in the wrld”
1．What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Five birds’ migratin rutes were built 22, 000 years ag.
B．Peregrine falcns stick t the areas where they winter.
C．Peregrine falcns leave fr Arctic regins in September.
D．Tw nvel research methds f migratin were invented.
2．What can we infer abut ADCY8?
A．It is a newly-discvered gene in the new study.
B．It serves as a fundamental part f lng- distance migratin.
C．It culd be strengthened by the pwer f lng- term memry.
D．It turned ut t be mre favred by birds than the ther animals.
3．What is special abut the new study?
A．It has discvered a new genmic regin f birds.
B．It has predicted the rate at which the climate warms.
C．It analyses the reasns fr the decrease f peregrine falcns.
D．It encurages attentin t envirnmental effects n migratry birds.
4．Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．Researchers Help Cnserve Migratry Species
B．Bilgists Find Evidence f Migratin Gene in Birds
C．Hw Lng-term Memry Helps Lng- distance Migratin
D．Hw Eclgical Factrs Affect Birds’ Migratry Distances
【浙江·阅读·说明文14】（2024·浙江嘉兴·一模）“Are we alne in the universe? That’s the key questin we’re trying t answer here,” Meenakshi Wadhwa, a planetary scientist, tells her class. As she explains, ne student takes ntes while anther hlds up an iPhne t take a pht f the slides. In many ways this lecture hall at Arizna State University is like any ther. A grup f enthusiastic wmen sit attentively in the frnt rw; the men are spread ut in the back. But the hearing aids suggest hw unusual this class is.
Mirabella, a 20- strey “university retirement cmmunity” n ASU’s campus, is hme t ver 300 retired peple. When it was pened in 2020, the senir-living facility was nearly fully subscribed. Mst residents are having a ball. They can attend the same classes and cultural events as students, but with the distinct benefit f nt having t take exams. In their drms, facilities include an art studi, a pl and gym, and a games rm. Only the secnd flr feels institutinal, with a memry- care centre and rms fr residents wh need rund- the- clck attentin.
This is part f a wider trend. An estimated 85 clleges in America are nw cnnected t senir living cmmunities. With mre than 10,000 baby bmers (生育高峰期出生的人) in America turning 65 every day, the pprtunity fr alternative frms f retirement is large. Cmpared with previus generatins, bmers are wealthy, educated and picky. They want t remain active and nt lcked away. These wishes can all be met n a university campus.
Fr universities, welcming pensiners (领退休金者) can make sense t. Natinally, undergraduate enrlment drpped frm ver 18m in 2010 t belw 16m in 2022. As fr what t d with the extra space, the smartest nes, Andrew Carle at Gergetwn University says, prvide a cntinuum f care — including fr the very last stage f life. “The charity is the icing n the cake,” he says f the ptential that residents will include universities in their wills.
1．Hw des the writer intrduce the tpic?
A．By raising a questin.B．By making a cmparisn.
C．By ffering an explanatin.D．By giving a descriptin.
2．Why are university retirement cmmunities well- received?
A．They prvide free medical carB．They have varius research facilities.
C．They allw students t take exams flexibly.D．They help senirs live an active and engaging life.
3．Hw can universities benefit frm integrating senir living cmmunities?
A．It imprves university teaching prgrams.
B．It addresses the university enrlment decline.
C．It draws public attentin t university educatin.
D．It earns universities the fame fr caring fr senirs.
4．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Different frms f retirement.B．The educatin welfare f pensiners.
C．The trend f retiring n cllege campuses.D．A new way fr universities t make prfits.
【浙江·阅读·说明文15】（2024·浙江嘉兴·一模）It’s the seasn fr friends, family and cheese hliday mvies. Whether yu’ re a fan f Christmas classics r prefer streamable and made-fr-TV specials, there’s always a reasn hliday mvie s are s ppular — even the mst predictable. “In fact, this is what keeps us cming back. Yu wuld almst be disappinted if they weren’t a little predictable,” says Dr. Pamela Rutledge, a media psychlgist. “It’s nt like there’s ging t be a heart-stpping surprise waiting t catch yu ff guard.”
And while the plt f a city girl meeting a hmetwn guy is verused, Rutledge says these rmantic hliday mvies satisfy ur inner desire fr scial cnnectin and prvide ur brain with the cnfidence t anticipate smething and have that be the case.
The hliday seasn itself can be stressful, making these mvies an easy g - t fr relaxatin during a busy time f year. “These mvies can act as ‘cinema therapy,’ when yu can relax with yur friends,” says Allisn Eden, assciate prfessr f cmmunicatin at Michigan State. “Yu dn’t have t wrk t hard t enjy it. They’re just gentle cmfrting, feel-gd mvies that can really help, especially during times f stress.”
The mst stressed yu’ll feel during mst hliday mvies? A silly, lw- cnflict misunderstanding between lve interests that yu knw will be reslved by the end. “The brain respnds t that whle jurney with bth the dpamine (多巴胺) f reward f having it turn ut like yu wanted t, but als the xytcin (催产素) release when yu’re talking abut feelings f warmth and cnnectin and lve. S srt f a win - win,” Rutledge says.
If yu think yu can find the same win - win in ther frms f media, it may be harder than yu think. Peple ften use scial media as a way t escape, fr example, but it’s nt always the pick- me- up yu may be lking fr. With scial media, yu really never knw what yu’re ging t cme up against.
1．What cntribute mst t the ppularity f hliday mvies?
A．Predictable plts.B．Appealing themes.
C．Unexpected endings.D．Rmantic elements.
2．What des the underlined phrase “cinema therapy” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．A call fr easy wrk.B．A frm f stress relief.
C．A chance t enjy mvies.D．A way t develp friendship.
3．Why des Rutledge view hliday mvies as srt f a win-win?
A．They enhance ur brain functin.B．They prvide a cmfrting escape.
C．They ffer emtinal satisfactin.D．They assist in reslving lw cnflicts.
4．What is the writer’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T call n peple t watch hliday mvies.
B．T intrduce the features f hliday mvies.
C．T explain why yur brain lves hliday mvies.
D．T cmpare hliday mvies with ther frms f media.
【浙江·阅读·说明文16】（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）A new T- shirt that cntinuusly mnitrs heart activity and detects abnrmalities may help prevent strkes by identifying dangerus heart cnditins like atrial fibrillatin (AF). This irregular heart rhythm increases the risk f strke and affects ver a millin- peple in Britain, with an estimated 500,000 mre remaining undiagnsed due t a lack f nticeable symptms. While sme individuals experience signs like chest pain, dizziness, r fatigue, many nly discver the cnditin after suffering a strke.
Detecting AF typically invlves an electrcardigram (ECG), perfrmed in a hspital where trained staff attach up t 24 electrdes t different parts f the bdy. Hwever, since AF ften ccurs intermittently (间歇地), a shrt hspital check- up may nt detect it. T cunter this, dctrs smetimes prvide patients with a Hlter mnitr, a device wrn under clthing that recrds heart activity. Hwever, it’s bulky, incnvenient, and requires multiple wires t be attached t the chest, making it uncmfrtable fr daily wear.
The Cardiskin T- shirt ffers a mre practical alternative. Made frm cttn and washable up t35 times, it has15 small electrdes wven int the chest area t mnitr heart signals cntinuusly. The T- shirt can be wrn 24 hurs a day, increasing the likelihd f detecting abnrmal rhythms. Pwered by a remvable battery, the electrdes feed data t a micrchip, which wirelessly transmits the infrmatin t an app. The app cnverts the data int an easy- t- read chart, highlighting any irregular heart activity. The results are then shared with the patient’s dctr, allwing fr remte mnitring withut requiring hspital visits. This innvative design culd make diagnsing AF easier and mre accessible, ptentially reducing the risk f strke fr many.
Prfessr Martin Cwie, a cardilgist at Imperial Cllege Lndn, views Cardiskin as an significant develpment in heart health mnitring, ffering a cmfrtable and efficient tl fr early detectin f cardiac prblems.
1．What is the main idea f Paragraph 2?
A．The difficulty in detecting atrial fibrillatin.B．The benefit f wearing a Hlter mnitr.
C．The prcess f recrding heart activity.D．The future f develping a new ECG.
2．Why did the authr mentin a Hlter mnitr in the text?
A．T intrduce a way t check the patient’s heart.
B．T explain why dctrs like using the device.
C．T shw the advantage f a Cardisk in T- shirt ver it.
D．T encurage peple t care abut their health.
3．What can we learn abut the Cardisk in T- shirt?
A．It has electrdes placed all ver the T- shirt.
B．It can be wrn a mnth withut being washed.
C．It has a battery that can be charged easily and quickly
D．It can make the prcess f diagnsis timely and cnvenient.
4．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．New ECC: an imprtant develpment fr dctrs
B．Hi- tech T- shirt: a gd helper fr detecting strkes
C．Hlter mnitr: a device tracking patients’ heart prblems
D．Cardisk in T- shirt: a shirt keeping patients frm diseases
【浙江·阅读·说明文17】（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Air cnditining use has explded in the last 30 years. Accrding t U. S. Census data in1993, just abut three- quarters f single family hmes in the Midwest had air cnditining. In the West and Nrtheast, it was just abut half. Nw, all regins are pushing 100 percent air cnditining cverage. In the Suth, it’s been at abut 100 percent since the early 1990s.
As the cst f air cnditining installatin has gne dwn, and temperatures have gne up, Americans have been ffered an pprtunity fr a steady indr temperature year-rund, regardless f the weather utside. This drive fr cmfrt frces us t discnnect frm what’s happening all arund us. A cnditined climate allws us t cmpletely ignre the changing seasns and ur warming planet. Only listening t peple wh agree with us — r trying t silence thse wh disagree — creates ur wn, individually cnditined realities.
New Yrk University prfessr and scial psychlgist Jnathan Haidt shwed hw the cmfrts f cnveniences “atmize” ur scial structures. Each new technlgy that makes ur lives easier als makes us less reliant n ther peple. Haidt’s big fcus is n smartphnes and scial media, as explred in his recent bk, but ur sciety was cracking ff int smaller and smaller pieces lng befre we had the rbts in ur pckets.
Cars allwed us t shp in ther twns, reducing reliance n lcal businesses. A televisin set gave smething fr peple t d in the evenings, reducing the need t hang ut with neighbrs, and by extensin, erding cmmunity structures and institutins (ften called “third places”, in cntrast t wrk and hme). Air cnditining allwed us t stay inside in the heat, limiting a play-based childhd where kids run arund with each ther and make their wn fun.
What if we all turned ff the air cnditining fr a bit, pened ur windws, and truly experienced life as it was happening, nt what we manufactured it t be? We might be a little less cmfrtable, but maybe a little mre cnnected.
1．What can we infer frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Air cnditining easily shapes ur individual persnality.
B．Air cnditined huses are mre cmfrtable than thers.
C．Air cnditining can reduce ur cnnectin with the wrld.
D．Air cnditining is accessible t every husehld in the US.
2．Why des the authr mentin Haidt?
A．T prmte his recent bk.B．T illustrate technlgical advances.
C．T praise human self- reliance.D．T reveal the harm f air cnditining.
3．What des the wrd “erding” underlined in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Cnstructing.B．Destrying.
C．Aviding.D．Imprving.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Turn ff Air Cnditining fr a BitB．Experience Yur Life t the Fullest
C．Keep Away frm Air Cnditined HusesD．Never Create Our Own Cnditined Realities
【浙江·阅读·说明文18】（24-25高三上·浙江·开学考试）I first saw the earth- the whle earth frm the shuttle Challenger in 1984. The view takes yur breath away and fills yu with childlike wnder. That’s why every shuttle crew has t clean nse- prints ff their spacecraft’s windws several times a day.
An incredibly beautiful tapestry (织锦) f blue and white, tan, black and green seems t glide beneath yu at an elegant, stately pace. But yu are actually ging s fast that the entire map f the wrld spins befre yur eyes with ach 90- minute rbit. After just ne r tw laps, yu feel, maybe fr the first time like a citizen f a planet. All the clrs and patterns yu see — the visible evidence f the cmplex wrking f the natural systems that make ur planet habitable — seem bth vast and precise, pwerful and yet smehw fragile.
Yu see vlcanes spewing smke, hurricanes riling the ceans and even fine tendrils’ f Saharan dust reaching acrss the Atlantic.
Yu als see the big, gray smudges f fields, paddies and pastures, and at night yu marvel at the lights, like brilliant diamnds, that reveal a msaic f cities, rads and castlines — impressive signs f the hand f humanity. Scientists tell us that ur hand is heavy, that we are wiping ut f ther species at an unprecedented rate and prbably transfrming ur climate.
Will the immense pwer f glbal systems withstand the impact f humanity? Or is it pssible that ur cllective actins will change the nature f ur planet enugh t cripple its ability t supprt life?
I n lnger believe that we can wait fr all the scientific data needed t answer these questins cnclusively. We must recgnize immediately what it means t be citizens f this planet.
It means accepting the bligatin t be the stewards f the earth’s life- giving capacities. As hmewners, we wuldn’t neglect r damage ur huses until they weren’t fit t live in. Why wuld we d that with ur planet?
1．What des the writer want t express in Paragraph 1?
A．They feel scared flying in the ut- space.B．They are hmesick in the space shuttle.
C．They are awed by the view f the earth.D．They feel excited t explre the universe.
2．What’s the main functin f Paragraph 3?
A．Setting the stage fr further discussin.B．Summarizing the main idea f the text.
C．Prviding data fr the writer’s argument.D．Intrducing different ideas n human impact.
3．Accrding t the last paragraph, which f the fllwing statement des he writer agree with?
A．It’s nt clear what humans can d t nature
B．The earth is strng enugh t supprt mre lives.
C．Human beings are nt the nly creature f the earth
D．We must act nw t take care f nature befre it’s t late
4．What is the best title f the text?
A．Flying t the FutureB．Ging Green with Our Earth
C．A Glimpse f HmeD．My Experience as an Astrnaut
【浙江·阅读·说明文19】（24-25高三上·浙江·开学考试）At ne time, ur grwing ppulatin was seen as central t wildlife extinctin, resurce exhaustin, pllutin and envirnmental destructin. But tday, ur cncerns shift t declining birth rates due t increased reprductive chice fr wmen.
This is a psitive develpment, but is ften described as a “crisis” in the media, highlighting ecnmic and senir care challenges. Lst in the cnversatin are the many psitive aspects f an aging sciety, which is the result f peple living healthier and lnger lives, and cmmn-sense realities like reduced needs fr infrastructure (基础设施) and lwer eclgical impacts. Als lst is the fact that ur ppulatin still grws by 80 millin peple every year.
And the cnsequences f high birth rates are severe. Amng them is glbal warming. In fact, increased emissins (排放) frm ppulatin grwth have canceled mre than three quarters f the emissins saved thrugh energy efficiency and renewables ver the past three decades.
Yet, n matter hw well dcumented the link between ppulatin and climate, lwering ur ppulatin is ntably absent frm the cnversatin n slutins. Instead, the fcus is n technlgy that will suppsedly allw ur entire grwing ppulatin t enjy the energy-intensive lifestyles nw enjyed by the rich, and with n climate impacts.
But “green” technlgy is nt the slutin it is advertised t be. Its expansin t the degree needed t pwer a grwing ppulatin at a decent standard f living wuld itself require a shcking investment in fssil (化石) fuels. It als requires massive mining peratins, many f which take place n the backs f lw-wage wrkers in Africa where it is driving destructin f rainfrests critical t the survival f great apes. Besides, it requires 10 times the land area as fssil fuel plants fr the same amunt f energy generated.
When glbal warming threatens t push billins int unsafe temperatures, it is n time t panic that we are adding fewer t thse billins. In fact, declining birth rates shuld be cause fr celebratin as they signify advances in gender equality and a reduced burden n Earth.
1．What can we learn frm paragraph 2?
A．The glbal ppulatin is decreasing every year.
B．The benefits f an aging sciety are verlked.
C．The eclgical envirnment is turning fr the better.
D．The media make up misleading news abut the ppulatin.
2．What is highlighted as a disadvantage f high birth rates?
A．Reduced infrastructure needs.B．Challenges in senir care services.
C．A slwdwn in ecnmic grwth.D．Increased greenhuse gas emissins.
3．Why is “green” technlgy questined in the text?
A．It des damage t the ecsystem.B．It is nt ppular arund the wrld.
C．It is unaffrdable fr pr regins.D．It has little effect n reducing pllutin.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Aging Scieties: A Glbal CrisisB．The Mystery f “Green” Technlgy
C．The Trend f Ppulatin GrwthD．Declining Birth Rates: A Hpeful Sign
【浙江·阅读·说明文20】（24-25高三上·浙江·开学考试）Here’s a quick quiz. Persn A des a favr fr yu. Persn B asks yu t d a favr fr him. Wh d yu tend t like mre? Surprisingly, the answer is Persn B．This quirk (怪癖) f human nature is knwn as the Ben Franklin Effect.
Benjamin Franklin came acrss the phenmenn in 1736 when serving as a clerk t the Pennsylvania Assembly. A pwerful member didn’t care fr Franklin and threatened t make life miserable fr him. What t d? Instead f winning him ver with sweet talk, Franklin asked if he culd brrw a rare and valuable bk the man wned. This request altered the man’s attitude and paved the way fr their friendship. Franklin’s takeaway: “He that has nce dne yu a kindness will be ready t d yu anther, than he whm yu yurself have bliged.”
Several studies have cnfirmed this. But hw can we explain the Ben Franklin Effect? Sme psychlgists refer t cgnitive dissnance (失调). It’s difficult t hld tw cntradictry thughts at the same time. It makes us uncmfrtable. We reslve this tensin by changing ur mind. “I dn’t like Je, but I am ding him a favr,” we might think. “S maybe I d like him.”
While cgnitive dissnance explains a lt, it alne desn’t explain the Ben Franklin Effect. One 2015 study fund that it was, rather, the affiliative (亲和的) mtive that the requests cnvey. That is, we humans want t maintain gd relatins with ther humans, and ne way t achieve this is by ding favrs fr thers. This explains a lt abut altruistic behavir. We like being useful and, by extensin, we like thse wh give us the pprtunity t d s. It’s in ur genes.
Yet there is much we still dn’t knw abut the Ben Franklin Effect. Des it apply equally acrss cultures? Is there a pint beynd which asking a favr makes yu less, nt mre likable? Asking t brrw a bk is ne thing; asking t brrw a car is anther.
1．Why des the authr mentin Benjamin Franklin’s experience?
A．T illustrate a dilemma in making chices.B．T suggest a way f striking up friendships.
C．T stress the imprtance f strategic requests.D．T intrduce the rigin f the Ben Franklin Effect.
2．What is a reasn fr peple’s tendency t like thse asking fr favrs?
A．Reducing the tensin caused by scial cntact.
B．Increasing the chance f getting help in return.
C．Aviding the discmfrt frm cnflicting thughts.
D．Establishing a cperative cmmunity f shared trust.
3．What des the underlined wrd “altruistic” prbably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Selfless.B．Implite.C．Aggressive.D．Respnsible.
4．What des the authr think f the Ben Franklin Effect?
A．It makes little sense.B．It applies t mst cultures.
C．It has situatinal limitatins.D．It has great practical significance.