高考英语二轮复习阅读理解说明文讲练测（考向+干货+模拟）教师版

这是一份高考英语二轮复习阅读理解说明文讲练测（考向+干货+模拟）教师版，共35页。试卷主要包含了标题概括题重视三性，说明文长难句落实“括号法”--，满分策略等内容，欢迎下载使用。

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1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。
2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。
3.主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。
4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。
5.标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
6.说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。
7.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
【01】（24-25高三下·浙江·阶段练习）Fr cycle-t-wrk peple and thse wh start the day with a walk, the benefits f banking sme early exercise are well understd. Nw scientists believe activity is nt just a gd idea fr imprving the day ahead. Physical activity culd be assciated with a small increase in memry scres the next, t. A study has shwn that 30 minutes f mderate t energetic activity and sleeping fr at least six hurs at night, culd cntribute t imprved cgnitive (认知的) perfrmance the fllwing day.
Physical activity had previusly been assciated with bth shrt-term imprvements in cgnitive functin and a reduced risk f dementia(痴呆）. Hwever, many studies lking at shrt-term impacts had been labratry based, and primarily tracked respnses n a timescale f minutes t hurs. Nw researchers say they have lked at the shrt-term impact f physical activity carried ut in real life, nt nly finding benefits t the brain but revealing these appear t last lnger than expected.
In the study, 76 adults aged 50—83 years ld, and wh did nt have cgnitive impairment r dementia, were asked t wear an accelermeter fr eight days t track their sleep and physical activity as they carried ut their nrmal life. Each day, participants were als given simple nline cgnitive tests t study their attentin, memry and prcessing speed.
The results reveal that each 30-minute increase in mderate t energetic physical activity n the previus day crrespnded t a 2—5% increase in episdic and wrking memry scres the next, althugh nly the latter remained nce participants’ sleep data was cnsidered. The team als fund each 30-minute increase in sedentary (久坐的) behaviur was assciated with a small drp in wrking memry scres the next day while thse wh slept at least six hurs a night had higher scres fr episdic memry, attentin and physical respnse speed the next day, after taking int accunt levels f physical activity, than thse wh had less sleep.
Hwever, the study has limitatins, including that the participants had high levels f educatin, excellent health and high levels f everyday physical activity.
1．What d we knw abut physical activity frm the first paragraph?
A．It helps us sleep fr six hurs at night.B．It leads t better academic perfrmance.
C．It is well understd fr its wide variety.D．It can enhance memry the fllwing day.
2．What was the study based n?
A．The participants’ age differences.B．Real-life data frm the participants.
C．Minute-t-hur cgnitive tracking.D．The labratry-cntrlled cnditins.
3．What were the participants expected t d in the study?
A．Check their health cnditins.B．Increase their physical activity.
C．Wear a special device fr days.D．Design an nline cgnitive test.
4．What can we infer frm the results f the study?
A．Wrking memry will decline if we exercise less ften.
B．Regular physical activity is a must t imprve memry.
C．30-minute walk accunts fr a dramatic rise in memry.
D．There is a link between episdic memry and gd sleep.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过一项研究探讨了中到高强度的身体活动对提高第二天记忆力的帮助，并展示了睡眠时间对不同记忆类型的影响。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Physical activity culd be assciated with a small increase in memry scres the next, t.(身体活动也可能与第二天记忆分数的小幅提高有关)”可知，身体活动可以增强第二天的记忆力。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In the study, 76 adults aged 50—83 years ld, and wh did nt have cgnitive impairment r dementia, were asked t wear an accelermeter fr eight days t track their sleep and physical activity as they carried ut their nrmal life.(在研究中，76名年龄在50到83岁之间、没有认知障碍或痴呆的成年人被要求连续8天佩戴加速度计，在进行正常生活的同时跟踪他们的睡眠和身体活动)”可知，这项研究基于参与者的真实生活数据。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the study, 76 adults aged 50—83 years ld, and wh did nt have cgnitive impairment r dementia, were asked t wear an accelermeter fr eight days t track their sleep and physical activity as they carried ut their nrmal life.(在研究中，76名年龄在50到83岁之间、没有认知障碍或痴呆的成年人被要求连续8天佩戴加速度计，在进行正常生活的同时跟踪他们的睡眠和身体活动)”可知，参与者被要求佩戴一个特殊的设备数天。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“while thse wh slept at least six hurs a night had higher scres fr episdic memry, attentin and physical respnse speed the next day, after taking int accunt levels f physical activity, than thse wh had less sleep.(而那些每晚至少睡六个小时的人在考虑到体力活动水平后，第二天的情景记忆、注意力和身体反应速度得分高于那些睡眠较少的人)”可推知，情景记忆与良好的睡眠之间存在联系。故选D。
【02】（24-25高三下·浙江·阶段练习）OpenAI’s ChatGPT search tl may be pen t manipulatin(操控) using hidden cntent, and can return malicius cde frm websites it searches, a Guardian investigatin has fund. OpenAI has made the search prduct available t paying custmers and is encuraging users t make it their regular search tl. But the investigatin has revealed ptential security issues with the new system.
The Guardian tested hw ChatGPT respnded when asked t summarise webpages that cntain hidden cntent. This hidden cntent can cntain instructins frm third parties that change ChatGPT’s respnses, als knwn as a “prmpt injectin”, r it can cntain cntent designed t influence ChatGPT’s respnse, such as a large amunt f hidden text talking abut the benefits f a prduct r service.
In the tests, ChatGPT was given the URL fr a fake website built t lk like a prduct page fr a camera. The AI tl was then asked if the camera was a wrthwhile purchase. The respnse fr the cntrl page returned a psitive but balanced assessment, highlighting sme features peple might nt like.
Researchers next sent ChatGPT Search t a fake website that had instructins t give a psitive review and the respnse was always entirely psitive. This was the case even when the page had negative reviews n it. The simple inclusin f hidden text by third parties withut instructins can als be used t ensure a psitive assessment, with ne test including extremely psitive fake reviews which influenced the summary returned by ChatGPT.
Jacb Larsen, a cybersecurity researcher at CyberCX, said he believed that if the current ChatGPT search system was released fully in its current state, there culd be a “high risk” f peple creating websites specifically prepared twards cheating users. Hwever, he cautined that the search functinality had nly recently been released and OpenAI wuld be testing and ideally fixing these srts f issues.
Larsen said there were brader issues with cmbining search and large language mdels knwn as LLMs, the technlgy behind ChatGPT and ther chatbts and respnses frm AI tls shuld nt always be trusted.
1．What des the underlined wrd “malicius” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Harmful.B．Ridiculus.C．Secure.D．Amazing.
2．Why was a fake website designed in the investigatin?
A．T trace the surces f hidden cntent.B．T assess the ppularity f a camera.
C．T evaluate the reliability f ChatGPT.D．T get psitive but balanced reviews.
3．What is the Larsen’s suggestin fr AI tl users?
A．Cmbine search and language mdels.B．Exam and fix ptential security issues.
C．Reduce the time spent n sme chatbts.D．Take a cautius attitude t its answers.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．ChatGPT Search Manipulated With Hidden Text.
B．OpenAI Cnducted Research Int Its Search Tl.
C．ChatGPT Becme a Regular Search Tl Wrldwide.
D．OpenAI Urged t Be Respnsible fr Paying Custmers.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了《卫报》的一项调查发现，OpenAI的ChatGPT搜索工具可能通过使用隐藏内容被操控，并且可以从其搜索的网站返回恶意代码。
1．词义猜测题。根据前文内容“OpenAI’s ChatGPT search tl may be pen t manipulatin using hidden cntent(OpenAI的ChatGPT搜索工具可能会使用隐藏内容进行操作)”以及常识判断，隐藏内容操作通常是具有风险性的，同时结合后文“But the investigatin has revealed ptential security issues with the new system.(但调查揭示了新系统的潜在安全问题。)”可知，隐藏内容操作带来潜在安全问题，由此推知“can return malicius cde frm websites it searches”应是表达“可能带回来自搜索网站的存在安全风险的代码”，即，“有害的代码”。因此推知，“malicius”意为“有害的”。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Guardian tested hw ChatGPT respnded when asked t summarise webpages that cntain hidden cntent.(《卫报》测试了当ChatGPT被要求总结包含隐藏内容的网页时，它会如何回应。)”可知，设计假网站是为了评估ChatGPT的可靠性。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Larsen said there were brader issues with cmbining search and large language mdels knwn as LLMs, the technlgy behind ChatGPT and ther chatbts and respnses frm AI tls shuld nt always be trusted.(Larsen表示，将搜索和大型语言模型结合起来存在更广泛的问题，ChatGPT和其他聊天机器人背后的技术以及人工智能工具的响应并不总是值得信任的。)”可知，他表示AI工具的响应并不总是值得信任的。由此可推知，他建议用户对AI工具的答案持谨慎态度。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“OpenAI’s ChatGPT search tl may be pen t manipulatin using hidden cntent, and can return malicius cde frm websites it searches, a Guardian investigatin has fund.(《卫报》的一项调查发现，OpenAI的ChatGPT搜索工具可能会使用隐藏内容进行操纵，并可能从其搜索的网站返回恶意代码。)”可知，文章主要讲述了ChatGPT搜索工具可能被隐藏内容操控的问题。A选项“ChatGPT Search Manipulated With Hidden Text(ChatGPT搜索操纵与隐藏文本)”准确概括了文章内容。故选A项。
【03】（24-25高三下·浙江·开学考试）Cats always have a reputatin fr alfness (高冷), but a recent study suggests that yu can imprve yur bnd with them by using a simple trick: smile — nt in the human way, but by narrwing yur eyes and blinking slwly.
When cats narrw their eyes and blink slwly, it’s similar t hw humans smile. This expressin typically ccurs when cats are relaxed and cntent, and it’s ften interpreted as a “cat smile.” Many cat wners have suspected that mimicking this behavir culd signal friendliness and penness.
T investigate, Karen McCmb, a University f Sussex psychlgist, cnducted tw experiments. In the first experiment, cat wners slw-blinked at 21 cats in their hmes. When the cats were settled, the wners sat abut a meter away and blinked slwly at them. Cameras recrded bth the wner’s and the cat’s faces, and the results were cmpared t hw cats blink with n human interactin. The results shwed that the cats were mre likely t slw-blink back after their wners had dne s.
The secnd experiment included 24 cats frm eight different husehlds. This time, it wasn’t the wners ding the blinking but the researchers, wh’d had n prir cntact with the cat. They perfrmed the slw-blink while extending a hand tward the cat. And they fund that nt nly were the cats mre likely t blink back, but they were als mre likely t apprach the human’s hand after the human blinked.
“This study is the first t experimentally investigate the rle f slw blinking in cat-human cmmunicatin,” McCmb said. “And it is smething yu can try yurself with yur wn cat at hme r with cats yu meet in the street. It’s a great way f enhancing the bnd yu have with cats.” Understanding hw t cmmunicate effectively with cats can nt nly help cat wners but als benefit cats in stressful envirnments like vet practices and shelters.
S, the next time yu’ re arund a cat, remember t slw-blink and see hw they respnd!
1．When will cats narrw their eyes and blink slwly?
A．When they are feeling relaxed and satisfied.B．When they are having a need fr a gd rest.
C．When they are signaling a desire fr attentin.D．When they are suffering frm stress and anxiety.
2．What can we imply frm the tw experiments?
A．Slw-blinking is a sign that cats are familiar with yu.
B．Cats are indifferent t human gestures and expressins.
C．Cats prefer t interact with their wners and ignre strangers.
D．Mimicking a cat’s slw-blink encurages a friendly respnse.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly fcused n?
A．The limitatins f the study.B．The significance f the study.
C．The methdlgy f the study.D．The implicatins fr future research.
4．What might be the best title f the text?
A．Training Cats fr Cmmunicatin.B．Cnnecting with Cats thrugh Eyes.
C．Investigating the Psychlgy f Cats.D．Understanding Cats’ Respnses t Humans.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于猫与人之间通过缓慢眨眼进行沟通的研究，探讨了如何通过模仿猫的眨眼行为来增强人与猫之间的情感联系。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When cats narrw their eyes and blink slwly, it’s similar t hw humans smile. This expressin typically ccurs when cats are relaxed and cntent, (当猫眯起眼睛并缓慢眨眼时，这类似于人类微笑。这种表情通常出现在猫放松和满足的时候)”可知，猫在感到放松和满足时会眯眼并缓慢眨眼。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“And they fund that nt nly were the cats mre likely t blink back, but they were als mre likely t apprach the human’s hand after the human blinked. (他们发现，猫不仅更有可能回以眨眼，而且在人类眨眼后也更有可能接近人类的手)”可知，模仿猫的缓慢眨眼可以鼓励猫做出友好的回应。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“This study is the first t experimentally investigate the rle f slw blinking in cat-human cmmunicatin, (这项研究首次通过实验调查了缓慢眨眼在猫与人沟通中的作用)”以及“It’s a great way f enhancing the bnd yu have with cats. (这是增强你与猫之间情感联系的好方法)”可知，该段主要强调了研究的意义。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，文章主要讲述了通过缓慢眨眼与猫进行沟通的研究，探讨了如何通过模仿猫的眨眼行为来增强人与猫之间的情感联系。选项B（通过眼睛与猫建立联系）最能概括全文主旨，故选B。
【04】（24-25高三下·浙江·开学考试）Imagine yu’re purchasing a lttery ticket, and yur heart races as yu check the numbers. T yur amazement, yu’ve matched five ut f six! What will yu d next? Will yu buy anther ticket? Fr mst peple, the answer is a big “Yes”.
When we cme clse t achieving a gal, we ften gain a pwerful energy that can drive us tward future success. Mnica Wadhwa, a marketing prfessr at Temple University, suggests that nt winning can actually mtivate us mre than winning itself.
In her studies, Wadhwa cnducted varius experiments t test this cncept. In ne experiment, participants played a cellphne game with the task f revealing eight diamnds. After the game, thse wh nearly wn — by getting seven diamnds — walked faster t claim their reward than bth winners and lsers. “Their mtivatin is getting intensified (加强), but then they miss it ... S what happens t this mtivatin? It hks n, giving yu the energy fr the next gal that yu have.” Wadhwa explains, “As fr the winners, they inch tward their gal, they achieve it, and their mtivatin is satisfied, which leaves them with n need t fight fr anything else.”
Hwever, this fire in yur belly shuld be used wisely. Such mtivatin can push yu tward significant gals, r be wasted n distractins. In anther experiment at a fashin-accessry stre where shppers were given scratch-ff lttery tickets, the near-winners shpped mre and spent mre than bth winners and lsers.
T harness (利用) this energy, Wadhwa advises setting gals that are slightly beynd ur reach. She encurages managers t establish challenging yet achievable targets fr their teams. Additinally, she recmmends that parents highlight hw clse their children came t winning when they experience lsses, fstering resilience and mtivatin. By understanding the unique pwer f nearly winning, we can turn setbacks int stepping stnes fr future success. As Wadhwa puts it. “Winners really d nt take it all.”
1．What’s the purpse f paragraph 1?
A．T stress the imprtance f winning.
B．T display harmful effects f the lttery.
C．T explain the rules f playing the lttery.
D．T illustrate the excitement f nearly winning.
2．Accrding t Wadhwa, what mtivated the near-winners t act faster?
A．The eagerness t win anther game.
B．The unmet ambitins fr winning games.
C．The dissatisfactin f nt achieving gals.
D．The need fr immediate recgnitin r rewards.
3．What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Feeling energized des nt always ensure success.
B．Yu shuld nt let yur emtins guide yur actins.
C．Mtivatin can lead t unwise chices if nt cntrlled.
D．Having strng ambitins always leads t acting carelessly.
4．Which statement might Wadhwa agree mst?
A．Parents shuld take their children’s lsses seriusly.
B．Managers shuld assign mre tasks t star perfrmers.
C．Encuraging children t fight fr perfectin is essential.
D．Setting slightly challenging gals can enhance mtivatin.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明接近成功（差点赢）比成功本身更能激励人，但这种动力需明智利用，例如设定具有挑战性但可实现的目标来激发动力。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagine yu’re purchasing a lttery ticket, and yur heart races as yu check the numbers. T yur amazement, yu’ve matched five ut f six! What will yu d next? will yu buy anther ticket? Fr mst peple, the answer is a big “Yes”.(想象一下，你正在买一张彩票，当你检查号码时，你的心跳加速。令你惊讶的是，你已经匹配了六个中的五个！接下来你要做什么？你要买另一张票吗？对大多数人来说，答案是肯定的)”可知，第一段描述买彩票差点中奖的情景，是来说明差一点获胜时的兴奋。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Their mtivatin is getting intensified (加强), but then they miss it ... S what happens t this mtivatin? It hks n, giving yu the energy fr the next gal that yu have.(他们的动力越来越强，但是他们错过了……那么这种动机发生了什么呢？它会诱惑住你，给你能量去实现下一个目标)”可知，未实现的赢得比赛的野心促使那些接近赢家人采取更快的行动。故选B。
3．句意猜测题。根据划线词后文“Such mtivatin can push yu tward significant gals, r be wasted n distractins.(这样的动机可以推动你实现重要的目标，或者被浪费在分心的事情上)”可知，这种动机可以推动实现目标，也可能被浪费在分心的事情上。故划线句意思是“动力若不受控制会导致不明智选择”。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“T harness (利用) this energy, Wadhwa advises setting gals that are slightly beynd ur reach. She encurages managers t establish challenging yet achievable targets fr their teams.(为了利用这种能量，瓦德瓦建议设定一些稍微超出我们能力范围的目标。她鼓励管理者为团队制定具有挑战性但可以实现的目标)”可知，设定具有挑战性但可实现的目标能激发动力。故选D。
【05】（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）When we sleep, ur brain is still actively prcessing the day’s experiences and integrating them with past memries. Previus studies have identified links between pupil (瞳孔) size and sleep state, as well as between sleep state and memry frmatin. Hwever, it has been unclear hw fresh memries are prcessed withut blurring int ld nes. Fr example, hw d we learn t play the pian withut frgetting hw t ride a bike?
Researchers at Crnell University addressed this questin by attaching brain-scanning electrdes and tiny eye-tracking cameras t mice. They mnitred the mice as they learned new tasks during the day, such as navigating a maze, and then bserved them during sleep. (Fun fact: mice can sleep with their eyes pen.)
The study revealed tw distinct substages during nn-rapid eye mvement (NREM) sleep, a critical perid fr memry frmatin. One substage replayed new memries, cinciding with narrwed pupils. The ther invlved recalling lder memries, marked by widened pupils. These stages alternated rapidly. The team als discvered that during the narrwed pupil stages, blcking sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) limited the mice’s ability t remember new infrmatin.
It is als fund that the brain has an intermediate (中间的) perid that separates new learning frm ld knwledge. The results suggest that the brain can multitask distinct cgnitive prcesses during sleep t facilitate cntinuus learning withut interference. It’s like new learning, ld knwledge, new learning, ld knwledge, shifting slwly thrughut sleep.
The implicatins f the study are far-reaching: such a nn-invasive means f mnitring brain functin may help treat memry issues and bst memry, fr example. The study als supprts the hypthesis (假说) that human brains and cmputer systems may significantly frget ld infrmatin. Catastrphic frgetting, knwn in AI, is an area where machines still lag behind bilgy. What’s mre, the findings prvide a ptential slutin fr preventing catastrphic interference while enabling memry integratin in bth bilgical and artificial neural netwrks.
Despite the many similarities between human and muse brains, similar studies need t be cnducted in humans t verify these results.
1．What d researchers at Crnell University fcus n?
A．Hw pupil size is related t sleep state.
B．Hw peple learn t perfrm new tasks.
C．Hw memries are kept withut interference.
D．Hw sleep state is cnnected with memry frmatin.
2．What is the finding f the study?
A．Blcking SWRs remves ld memries.
B．The brain prcesses new memries first.
C．Widened pupil is assciated with replaying new memries.
D．A transitinal stage distinguishes ld memries frm new nes.
3．What is the implicatin f the study?
A．It prvides an invasive slutin t memry study.
B．It helps avid large-scale interference and integrate memry.
C．It denies that brains and cmputers may frget infrmatin dramatically.
D．It supprts that machines perfrm better in catastrphic frgetting than brains.
4．Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Cde f Memry Integratin in Sleep.
B．Rle f Sleep in Memry and Learning.
C．Pupil Size: A Windw int Human Brain.
D．A Breakthrugh: Hw Mice Sleep with Eyes Open.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了康奈尔大学的研究，该研究关注记忆如何无干扰保存，揭示了非快速眼动睡眠阶段大脑处理新旧记忆的方式及研究意义。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hwever, it has been unclear hw fresh memries are prcessed withut blurring int ld nes. Fr example, hw d we learn t play the pian withut frgetting hw t ride a bike?(然而，目前尚不清楚新记忆是如何在不与旧记忆混淆的情况下被处理的。例如，我们如何在不忘记如何骑自行车的情况下学会弹钢琴？)”和第二段中“Researchers at Crnell University addressed this questin by attaching brain-scanning electrdes and tiny eye-tracking cameras t mice.(康奈尔大学的研究人员通过在老鼠身上安装大脑扫描电极和微小的眼球追踪摄像头来解决这个问题)”可知，目前尚不清楚新记忆是如何在不与旧记忆混淆的情况下被处理的，康奈尔大学的研究人员通过研究解决了这个问题，即它们关注的是记忆如何在不与旧记忆混淆，在无干扰的情况下被保存的。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“It is als fund that the brain has an intermediate (中间的) perid that separates new learning frm ld knwledge. (研究还发现，大脑有一个中间阶段，将新学习的知识与旧知识分开)”可知，大脑有一个过渡阶段将新旧记忆区分开来。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“What’s mre, the findings prvide a ptential slutin fr preventing catastrphic interference while enabling memry integratin in bth bilgical and artificial neural netwrks. (更重要的是，这些发现为在生物和人工神经网络中实现记忆整合的同时防止灾难性干扰提供了一个潜在的解决方案)”可知，这项研究有助于避免大规模干扰并整合记忆。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段“The study revealed tw distinct substages during nn rapid eye mvement (NREM) sleep, a critical perid fr memry frmatin. One substage replayed new memries, cinciding with narrwed pupils. The ther invlved recalling lder memries, marked by widened pupils. These stages alternated rapidly. (研究揭示了非快速眼动(NREM)睡眠期间的两个不同子阶段，这是记忆形成的关键时期。一个子阶段重现新记忆，此时瞳孔缩小。另一个子阶段涉及回忆旧记忆，特征是瞳孔放大。这些阶段快速交替)”和第四段“It is als fund that the brain has an intermediate (中间的) perid that separates new learning frm ld knwledge. The results suggest that the brain can multitask distinct cgnitive prcesses during sleep t facilitate cntinuus learning withut interference. (研究还发现，大脑有一个中间阶段，将新学习的知识与旧知识分开。结果表明，大脑在睡眠期间可以同时执行不同的认知过程，以促进持续学习而不受干扰)”可知，文章主要围绕睡眠中大脑对新旧记忆进行整合的方式展开，它就像有一套特定的规则或代码。A项“Cde f Memry Integratin in Sleep.(睡眠记忆整合的代码)”能概括文章主要内容，适合做文章标题。故选A项。
【06】（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）In the cutthrat wrld f artificial intelligence, lng dminated by Silicn Valley, DeepSeek has emerged as an impressive new player. Since its debut in late 2023, this Chinese AI has stirred glbal attentin, representing mre than just anther technlgical innvatin. It’s a cmplex phenmenn that reflects the shifting landscape f innvatin, pwer and cultural influence in the AI-driven era.
Develped by QuantumThink Labs in Shenzhen, DeepSeek was created by a team f ex-Ggle Brain engineers and Peking University experts. DeepSeek is nt yur average chatbt. Trained n an astnishing 20 trillin tkens, this multimdal mdel shwcases linguistic prficiency, cde generatin capabilities and reasning skills that rival r surpass its Western cunterparts. What truly sets DeepSeek apart is its remarkable efficiency, delivering GPT-4-level perfrmance with 30 percent less cmputatinal pwer.
In a strategic mve, QuantumThink made a “lite” versin f DeepSeek pen surce, a decisin that has sparked widespread adptin acrss the glbe. Develpers frm cities like Lags t Jakarta have quickly embraced it t create petry generatrs and AI-pwered farm management tls fr rural India.
Hwever, DeepSeek’s grwing influence is nt withut challenges. There are cncerns that US gvernment may blck American firms frm using DeepSeek, mentining data security cncerns. Tariff (关税) war culd als be n the cards. Yet, such mves might backfire, ptentially harming US startups that benefit frm DeepSeek’s cst advantages.
The future f AI, with DeepSeek at the center, remains a mystery. Will it trigger a tech battle between the US and China, r will its pen-surce rts fster glbal cllabratin? DeepSeek’s stry is nt just abut technlgy; it’s abut the pwer f innvatin and agency.
Fr t lng, the AI narrative has been dminated by Western pwers. Nw, a Chinese lab has shwn that innvatin is nt exclusive t the West. Whether we enter an AI arms race r begin a new era f glbal cperatin depends n hw we chse t use and share this technlgy. As a Brazilian cder said, the future f AI must speak the language f bth the develped and develping wrld t truly succeed.
1．What des the secnd paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The creatin f DeepSeek.B．The definitin f DeepSeek.
C．The strengths f DeepSeek.D．The efficiency f DeepSeek.
2．What might be a challenge DeepSeek faces?
A．Invlvement in tariff war.B．The pssibility f data leaking.
C．A decline in its cmpetitiveness.D．A ban n its use frm US gvernment.
3．Which f the fllwing best describes the future f AI?
A．Uncertain.B．Secure.C．Prmising.D．Depressing.
4．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．AI shuld priritize Western languages.
B．We will enter a new era f glbal AI cperatin.
C．Cnsidering glbal needs is required t ensure AI’s success.
D．Develping cuntries will eventually dminate AI innvatin.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国AI公司DeepSeek的崛起、技术优势、面临的挑战及其对全球人工智能领域的影响，并探讨了AI未来发展的不确定性。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Trained n an astnishing 20 trillin tkens, this multimdal mdel shwcases linguistic prficiency, cde generatin capabilities and reasning skills that rival r surpass its Western cunterparts. What truly sets DeepSeek apart is its remarkable efficiency, delivering GPT-4-level perfrmance with 30 percent less cmputatinal pwer.(这款多模态模型在惊人的20万亿个标记上进行了训练，展现出了媲美甚至超越西方同类产品的语言熟练度、代码生成能力和推理技能。DeepSeek的真正独特之处在于其卓越的效率，仅用30%的计算能力就能达到GPT-4级别的性能)”可知，本段主要介绍了DeepSeek的技术优势，包括语言能力、代码生成能力和推理技能，以及其高效的性能。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“There are cncerns that US gvernment may blck American firms frm using DeepSeek, mentining data security cncerns.(有人担心美国政府可能会以数据安全为由，阻止美国企业使用DeepSeek)”可知，DeepSeek可能面临的一个挑战是美国政府可能会禁止美国公司使用DeepSeek。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The future f AI, with DeepSeek at the center, remains a mystery. Will it trigger a tech battle between the US and China, r will its pen-surce rts fster glbal cllabratin?(以DeepSeek为核心的人工智能未来仍充满神秘。它是否会引发中美之间的技术战，还是其开源特性会促进全球合作？)”可知，DeepSeek的未来充满了不确定性，可能会引发美中之间的技术战争，也可能促进全球合作。可推理出AI的未来是不确定的。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Whether we enter an AI arms race r begin a new era f glbal cperatin depends n hw we chse t use and share this technlgy. As a Brazilian cder said, the future f AI must speak the language f bth the develped and develping wrld t truly succeed.(我们究竟是会陷入一场人工智能军备竞赛，还是开启全球合作的新时代，这取决于我们如何选择使用和分享这项技术。正如一位巴西程序员所说，人工智能的未来必须既能满足发达国家的需求，也能契合发展中国家的期望，才能真正取得成功)”可知，要确保AI的成功，必须考虑全球的需求，包括发达国家和发展中国家。故选C项。
【07】（2025·浙江·二模）When Hurricane Duglas came barreling tward Oahu in 2020, David Sisch quickly packed up and drve t higher grund. But he wasn’t shifting his family. He was shifting snails.
Sisch wrks with sme f the rarest endangered species n the planet, kāhuli — Hawaii’s native tree snails. The clrful, jewel-like snails were nce s abundant. It’s said they were like Christmas rnaments cvering the trees. Almst all f the 750 different species were fund nly in Hawaii. Tday, mre than half f thse species are gne, the extinctins happening in the span f a human lifetime. Sisch and his team with Hawaii’ s Department f Land and Natural Resurces have the heavy task f saving what’s left.
T stave ff extinctin, 40 species f snails, each abut the size f a dime, live in human care inside an unremarkable trailer near Hnlulu. Fr sme, it’s the nly place where they’ re fund, their wild ppulatins having cmpletely disappeared. “Mst peple, when they think endangered species ging extinct, they think f pandas and tigers and elephants, but imagine having 40 different species that are all as rare as pandas are,” Sisch says.
This winter, ne species f snail will inch tward an auspicius milestne. It will be released in a special enclsure in the muntains f Oahu, ne that has been painstakingly prepared t give the snails the best chance f survival in their natural envirnment.
Still, the utlk fr Hawaii’s snails is uncertain, symblizing a new era in the cnservatin f endangered species. Arund the wrld, plants and animals are being brught int enclsure as a last-ditch effrt against extinctin. But as the climate heats up and invasive species cntinue t spread, many have n clear path t return t nature in the near term. That culd mean they stay in human care. In the face f the bidiversity crisis, many wildlife bilgists say there’s n ther chice. “These are bilgical treasures that are irreplaceable,” Sisch says. “It is nw r never. What we manage t keep n Earth will be what the next generatin is able t put back.”
1．What was David’s primary cncern when Hurricane Duglas apprached?
A．The safety f his family.B．The prtectin f rare tree snails.
C．The withdrawal f lcal residents.D．The bservatin f the hurricane.
2．What’s the present state f kāhuli?
A．They are nw mre abundant than ever.B．All 750 species are still thriving in Hawaii.
C．They are in a critical situatin f extinctin.D．They can be fund in varius parts f the wrld.
3．What des the phrase “stave ff” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Clarify.B．Accelerate.C．Witness.D．Prevent.
4．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．The future f Hawaii’s snails is prmising.
B．The bidiversity crisis is easy t deal with.
C．The ways t prtect endangered species are numerus.
D．The cnservatin f endangered species is challenging.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为kāhuli的濒危蜗牛以及人们为了拯救它们所付出的努力。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When Hurricane Duglas came barreling tward Oahu in 2020, David Sisch quickly packed up and drve t higher grund. But he wasn’t shifting his family. He was shifting snails.(2020年，当飓风道格拉斯向瓦胡岛袭来时，大卫·西斯乔迅速收拾行李，开车去了更高的地方。但他并没有改变他的家庭。他在移动蜗牛)”可知，当道格拉斯飓风逼近时，大卫最关心的是保护稀有的树蜗牛。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tday, mre than half f thse species are gne, the extinctins happening in the span f a human lifetime.(今天，这些物种中有一半以上已经消失，灭绝发生在人类一生的时间里)”可知，kāhuli濒临灭绝。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“live in human care inside an unremarkable trailer near Hnlulu(生活在檀香山附近一辆不起眼的拖车里，由人类照顾)”可知，人类照顾这些蜗牛是为了阻止它们灭绝。故划线词意思是“阻止”。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, the utlk fr Hawaii’s snails is uncertain, symblizing a new era in the cnservatin f endangered species. Arund the wrld, plants and animals are being brught int enclsure as a last-ditch effrt against extinctin. But as the climate heats up and invasive species cntinue t spread, many have n clear path t return t nature in the near term. That culd mean they stay in human care. In the face f the bidiversity crisis, many wildlife bilgists say there’s n ther chice.(尽管如此，夏威夷蜗牛的前景仍不确定，这标志着濒危物种保护进入了一个新时代。在世界各地，植物和动物都被圈养起来，作为防止灭绝的最后一招。但随着气候变暖，入侵物种继续蔓延，许多物种在短期内没有明确的回归自然的途径。这可能意味着他们将留在人类护理中心。面对生物多样性危机，许多野生动物生物学家表示别无选择)”可知，最后一段说明了气候变暖让许多物种在短期内没有明确的回归自然的途径，对此生物学家也没有应对办法。由此推知，保护濒危物种具有挑战性。故选D。
【08】（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）While sending gifts, we naturally make chices based n the receiver. But what if we have been wrng all alng and that we culd turn things arund, which nt nly made gift buying easier, but the receiver happier?
In 2015, a psychlgist Lauren Human did an nline survey which suggested that when buying gifts, peple preferred t chse smething based n the receiver’s persnality and tastes. Mst peple als said they preferred receiving gifts bught with them in mind: gifts fr them.
But Human wndered if this methd f giving failed t take advantage f the way we cnnect as peple. S he sent 78 vlunteers int a shpping centre befre Mther’s Day. Half were tld t buy a card that “shws yur knwledge f the receiver” while the thers bught a card that “shws yur true self”. After shpping, the givers wh had thught partly f themselves reprted feeling clser t their mthers.
T study hw the methd is received by receivers, he did anther test, asking 100 students t chse a sng t a friend, partner r family member. Each half f the grup fllwed the same instructins as the card buyers. Results suggested that the receivers f sngs which shwed smething f the givers felt clser t them than thse wh received gifts bught nly with them in mind.
Human suggests it might apply t all gifts. “If building strnger scial cnnectins is the gal” f a gift and surely it shuld be — then we “may well be advised t ffer gifts shwing urselves mre”. In shrt, fr a present t be meaningful, yu need t give away a bit f yurself, even if there is a risk that the gift might nt s clsely satisfy the receiver’s practical needs r tastes as ne gift gained simply with that in mind. Mrever, giving smething f neself can be a safer act because it decreases the risk f shwing pr knwledge f a receiver by trying t buy smething that fits their character — and failing.
1．What’s the usual cnsideratin f gift giving?
A．The cst and luxury f the gift.B．the recipient’s character and preferences.
C．Practicality and usefulness f the gift.D．The giver’s individuality.
2．What can we learn frm the Mther’s Day card test?
A．Mst peple chse gifts with the receiver in mind.
B．Mst peple chse gifts based n their persnal tastes.
C．Gifts chsen with the giver in mind wrk well n the giver.
D．Gifts chsen with the receiver in mind wrk well n the receiver.
3．What matters mst in gift giving accrding t the text?
A．Making the giver’s life happier.
B．Meeting the receiver’s practical needs.
C．Shwing ne’s knwledge f the receiver.
D．Building and strengthening scial cnnectins.
4．Which f the fllwing is Human’s advice t givers n gift giving?
A．Chse gifts that express mre f yurself.
B．Be careful nt t signal yur true persnality.
C．Just fcus n yur wn tastes when chsing gifts.
D．Buy smething that fits the receiver’s character mst.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了送礼的心理学。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2015, a psychlgist Lauren Human did an nline survey which suggested that when buying gifts, peple preferred t chse smething based n the receiver’s persnality and tastes.(2015年，心理学家Lauren Human做了一项在线调查，结果显示，在购买礼物时，人们更喜欢根据收礼人的个性和品味来选择礼物)”可知，送礼物时通常会考虑接受者的性格和喜好，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After shpping, the givers wh had thught partly f themselves reprted feeling clser t their mthers.(购物后，那些部分考虑过自己的送礼者报告说，他们感觉与母亲更亲近了)”可知，选择礼物时考虑送礼者自己的感受，对送礼者本人有积极影响，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If building strnger scial cnnectins is the gal’ f a gift and surely it shuld be — then we “may well be advised t ffer gifts shwing urselves mre”.(‘如果礼物的目的是建立更强的社会关系’——当然它也应该如此——那么我们‘很可能会被建议送出更多展示自己的礼物’)”可知，作者认为送礼的意义是建立和加强社会联系。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据第最后一段中“In shrt, fr a present t be meaningful, yu need t give away a bit f yurself, even if there is a risk that the gift might nt s clsely satisfy the receiver’s practical needs r tastes as ne gift gained simply with that in mind.(简而言之，想要一份有意义的礼物，你需要付出你自己的一点，即使这份礼物可能不会像一份礼物那样满足收礼者的实际需求或品味)”可知，Human关于送礼的建议是选择更能反映你自己的礼物。故选A。
【09】（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）The Age f Infrmatin is mushrming, perhaps even bulging. If yu tried t dwnlad all the data available tday, yu’d need mre than 180 millin years. But yu are wrng t assume all this infrmatin wuld stimulate a bst f innvatin t match the utput f data.
Innvatins, big r small, start with a new idea which ccurs as a mment f insight — the result f a nvel cnnectin in ur brains made between existing and new infrmatin. Studies shw insights invlve quiet signals deep in the brain. Anything that helps us ntice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, r aviding distractins like scial media, can increase the chance f insights. Hwever, it’s becming mre challenging t find thse quiet signals with the increasing use f technlgy.
Besides, we als want t increase the quality f them — t be able t srt thrugh big new ideas and find the nes that have real value. Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale (尤里卡量表) allws us t assess the strength f ur insight experiences n a five-pint scale, which is marked by intense emtins, mtivatin, memry advantage, aftershcks, and fllwing ideas. The Scale cmbines these five variables int a single value and allws us t define the imprtance f a new idea. The level-5 insight, invlving the richest emtin, mtivatin, and lasting impact, hlds the greatest significance.
The Eureka Scale has brad applicatins fr measuring and imprving individual and rganizatinal perfrmance, and can be used t measure the impact f different wrk envirnments and learning appraches n participants’ grwth.
In rder fr rganizatins t benefit frm an age f insight, it’s nt enugh t try t access mre data r increase the number f insights we generate. Instead, it’s abut making space fr the biggest ideas t emerge frm all the infrmatin. Using the shared language f the Eureka Scale as a way t measure hw imprtant ideas are will enable better decisin-making tward practical and cmpetitive utcmes. And if we’re t enter a new age f insight, we must design ur envirnments t allw fr the best insight pssible t surface.
1．What des the underlined wrd “bulging” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Stabilizing.B．Explding.C．Shifting.D．Cllapsing.
2．Accrding t the passage, hw can the pssibility f insights be increased?
A．By engaging in nging scial media interactins.
B．By relying n technlgy t receive regular ntices.
C．By stepping away frm cmputers between meetings.
D．By participating in additinal training and caching sessins.
3．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．The Eureka Scale cntrls the influence f ur insights.
B．Pssessing minimal emtinal respnses is a level-5 insight.
C．Bth the quantity and quality f insights are essential t innvatin.
D．A breakthrugh has been made in innvatin due t a wealth f infrmatin.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards the current envirnment fr innvatins?
A．Uncertain.B．Optimistic.
C．Uncncerned.D．Dissatisfied.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出信息时代数据海量增长，但创新不仅要关注数据量，还需提高洞察力的质量，介绍了尤里卡量表的作用及应用。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The Age f Infrmatin is mushrming, perhaps even bulging. If yu tried t dwnlad all the data available tday, yu’d need mre than 180 millin years.(信息时代正在迅速发展，甚至可能bulging。如果你试图下载如今所有可用的数据，你需要超过1.8亿年)”中“mushrming(迅速发展)”和介绍的下载所有数据需要极长的时间可推断，信息时代的数据是在大量增加、呈现爆炸式增长的态势。由此推知，划线词“bulging”和“mushrming”意思相近，也是表达数据的快速膨胀、激增，与B项“Explding(突增；激增)”意思相近。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Studies shw insights invlve quiet signals deep in the brain. Anything that helps us ntice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, r aviding distractins like scial media, can increase the chance f insights.(研究表明，洞察力涉及大脑深处的安静信号。任何有助于我们注意到微弱信号的事情，比如在会议间隙休息，或者避免像社交媒体这样的干扰，都能增加产生洞察力的机会)”可知，洞察力涉及大脑深处的安静信号，在会议间隙休息，或者避免像社交媒体这样的干扰都有助于产生洞察力。所以在会议间隙远离电脑，进行休息能增加产生洞察力的可能性。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“In rder fr rganizatins t benefit frm an age f insight, it’s nt enugh t try t access mre data r increase the number f insights we generate.Instead, it’s abut making space fr the biggest ideas t emerge frm all the infrmatin.(为了让企业从洞察时代中受益，仅仅尝试访问更多数据或增加我们产生的洞察数量是不够的。相反，它是为从所有信息中脱颖而出的最伟大的想法腾出空间)”和“And if we’re t enter a new age f insight, we must design ur envirnments t allw fr the best insight pssible t surface.(如果我们要进入一个洞察的新时代，我们必须设计我们的环境，以允许最好的洞察浮出水面)”可知，仅仅尝试访问更多数据或增加我们产生的洞察数量是不够的，我们必须设计我们的环境，以允许最好的洞察浮出水面。即创新既需要一定数量的洞察力，也需要提高洞察力的质量。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hwever, it’s becming mre challenging t find thse quiet signals with the increasing use f technlgy.(然而，随着科技的不断使用，找到那些微弱信号变得越来越具有挑战性)”以及最后一段中“In rder fr rganizatins t benefit frm an age f insight, it’s nt enugh t try t access mre data r increase the number f insights we generate. Instead, it’s abut making space fr the biggest ideas t emerge frm all the infrmatin.(为了让企业从洞察时代中受益，仅仅试图获取更多数据或增加我们产生的洞察力数量是不够的。相反，关键是要为从所有信息中产生最大的想法创造空间)”可知，作者认为当前创新环境存在问题，难以找到产生洞察力的微弱信号，所以对当前创新环境不满意。故选D项。
【10】（24-25高三下·浙江绍兴·阶段练习）It is cmmn fr us t hear peple saying “t busy”. Smetimes maybe they are really busy, hwever, mre times it’s just because that’s what they think they are suppsed t say. That’s what imprtant peple say. That’s what peple wh get prmted say. But the fact is wrking lng hurs desn’t necessarily mean better results. Never taking a vacatin wn’t lead t a prmtin. S why are we s prud t talk abut hw busy we are all the time?
In 2016, researchers frm Clumbia, Harvard, and Gergetwn cnducted a study t figure it ut. They fund busy peple are perceived t be f high status, and interestingly, these status attributins are heavily influenced by ur wn beliefs abut scial mbility. In ther wrds, the mre we believe that ne has the pprtunity fr success based n hard wrk, the mre we tend t think that peple wh skip leisure and wrk all the time are f higher standing.
That’s why we feel like we have t appear busy, and there’s a real perceptin that if smene is knee-deep in meetings, emails and stress, then they’re prbably a big deal. This culture f busyness is making it hard fr emplyees t find wrk-life balance. Accrding t a recent study, ne in five highly engaged emplyees is at risk f burnut (精疲力竭).
Persnally, I’m ging t stp saying “busy” when peple ask me hw I am. It sunds self-righteus (自以为是的) and sets the wrng tne. Phrases like “I have limited access t email” and “I’ll respnd as sn as I get back” sund like yu’re being held against yur will frm wrking as ppsed t making the mst f yur time ff.
That’s why we recently launched the Out f Office Email Generatr, a free tl yu can use befre yur next lng weekend r trip. Yu can share lud and prud that yu wn’t be checking emails until yu’re back. Managers need t think twice abut emailing their teams n the weekend and talking abut hw busy they are. Leaders shuld take time ff themselves and encurage emplyees t d the same.
1．Why d peple like t say “busy”?
A．They want t get prmted.B．It makes them lk imprtant.
C．They have t much wrk t d.D．They enjy the feeling f being busy.
2．Why d we tend t think that busy peple are f high status?
A．Our status can be attributed t ur scial mbility.
B．We hld the belief that hard wrk leads t success.
C．Our wn pprtunity fr success never cmes easily.
D．We find few peple f high status have time fr leisure.
3．What des “I have limited access t email” sund like accrding t the authr?
A．One is t busy t check all emails in time.B．One is simply enjying their time ff wrk.
C．One has difficulty dealing with the wrk issues.D．One is frced by circumstances t stp wrking.
4．Why did the authr launch the Out f Office Email Generatr?
A．T ensure emplyees and emplyers have time ff.
B．T stp managers talking abut hw busy they are.
C．T encurage emplyees t answer emails prmptly.
D．T enable emplyees t spend less time checking emails.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为什么人们喜欢说自己“太忙了”的原因以及有关解决这个问题的研究。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It is cmmn fr us t hear peple saying “t busy”. Smetimes maybe they are really busy, hwever, mre times it’s just because that’s what they think they are suppsed t say. That’s what imprtant peple say. That’s what peple wh get prmted say.(我们经常听到人们说“太忙了”。有时他们可能真的很忙，然而，更多的时候，这只是因为他们认为他们应该说的。重要人物都这么说。升职的人都这么说)”可知，人们喜欢说自己忙是因为那些成功人士都很忙，而人们想让自己看起来像成功人士。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“In ther wrds, the mre we believe that ne has the pprtunity fr success based n hard wrk, the mre we tend t think that peple wh skip leisure and wrk all the time are f higher standing.(换句话说，我们越相信一个人有机会通过努力工作获得成功，我们就越倾向于认为那些不休闲而一直工作的人地位更高)”可知，我们倾向于认为工作忙的人有很高的社会地位是因为我们坚信辛勤工作是成功的基石。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Phrases like “I have limited access t email” and “I’ll respnd as sn as I get back” sund like yu’re being held against yur will frm wrking as ppsed t making the mst f yur time ff.(像“我不能查收邮件”和“我一回来就回复”这样的话听起来就像是你被强迫工作，而不是充分利用你的休假时间)”可知，当人们说“我没有办法接收邮件”时，想表达的是“客观环境迫使我无法工作”。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“That’s why we recently launched the Out f Office Email Generatr, a free tl yu can use befre yur next lng weekend r trip. Yu can share lud and prud that yu wn’t be checking emails until yu’re back. Managers need t think twice abut emailing their teams n the weekend and talking abut hw busy they are. Leaders shuld take time ff themselves and encurage emplyees t d the same.(这就是为什么我们最近推出了“外出电子邮件生成器”，这是一个免费的工具，你可以在下一次长周末或旅行之前使用它。你可以大声自豪地告诉他们，在你回来之前你不会查收邮件。管理者在周末给团队发邮件、谈论自己有多忙时，需要三思而后行。领导者自己应该休息，并鼓励员工也这样做)”可知，作者创建Out f Office Email Generatr是想让老板和员工都能有空闲的时间。故选A。
【11】（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期末）Ta Yuanming and Henry David Threau were bth pets, but ne lived in Ancient China and the ther in 19th century America. Superficially, these tw men, whse lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were plar ppsites. And yet they shared an intense respect fr nature, which made them each an influential figure f their time.
Bth men made dramatic transfrmatins t their lives in rder t recnnect with nature. As an fficial in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Ta felt cnflicted ver life at curt. In 405, he quit the service f the curt fr gd, expressing his unhappiness in the nw famus line that he wuld nt “bw like a servant in return fr five du f grain”. He spent the next 22 years until his death, wrking the land in a pr, rural area.
While Ta’s return t nature was a reactin t a lifestyle he was ppsed t, Threau’s was a persnal decisin t transfrm the way he lived. He had a decent quality f life, but he wanted t live in a simpler way. Fr tw years, tw mnths and tw days, he lived in a cttage in the frest n the edge f Walden Pnd, fcusing n himself and his writing. He explained his reasn fr ding s in Walden: “I went t the wds because I wished t live deliberately, t frnt nly the essential facts f life.” Bth men were happy t withdraw frm cntemprary life, seeking a harmnius relatinship with nature in the quietness f their lives.
Althugh Ta and Threau d nt treat nature in quite the same way, their wrks shw its beauty and value. Ta’s nature is a place f fields and villages, in ther wrds, rural, and his animals are dmestic nes, such as chickens and dgs. The calm and peaceful life he wrte abut is in cntrast t and critical f the depressive curt life.
Beynd the dark and distance lies a village,
the smke abve reluctant t depart.
A dg is barking smewhere dwn the lane.
and chickens sit atp the mulberry tree.
Threau’s descriptins f nature emphasized the beauty and purity f the wild areas arund him. Devting himself t bservatins f the natural phenmena, he recrded his detailed findings in his jurnals. Threau’s writing aimed t cnvince peple that animals and plants had a right t live and prsper, as we d. We shuld live with them in harmny and enjy nature’s gifts, as he describes in his jurnal:
Live in each seasn as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yurself t the influences f each. Let them be yur nly diet, drink and btanical medicines.
It takes cnsiderable curage t reject the easy and familiar and instead try t live clser t nature, as bth Ta and Threau did. Their chices led them t quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires.
1．What des the underlined wrds “plar ppsite” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Rather similar.B．Far away frm the plar area.
C．Reasnably familiar.D．Cntrastingly different.
2．What can we learn frm paragraphs 2 and 3?
A．Ta’s decisin f returning t nature was a reactin t a lifestyle t which he ppsed, whereas Threau’s was nt.
B．Threau was unhappy with his life at curt, but Ta was nt.
C．Ta sught fr a harmnius relatinship with nature, while Threau did nt.
D．Bth Ta and Threau chse t live in a lakeside cttage in the frest, living in simplicity.
3．Why des the authr qute Threau’s jurnal?
A．T illustrate Threau’s ideal f peple living in harmny with nature.
B．T prve Threau’s lve fr nature and hw he insisted n prtecting it.
C．T shw Threau’s descriptin f nature is beautiful and pure.
D．T suggest that Threau’s understanding f nature was inspired by animals and plants.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards Ta and Threau’s lifestyle?
A．Dismissive.B．Dubtful.C．SupprtiveD．Pessimistic.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国东晋诗人陶渊明和19世纪美国诗人亨利·戴维·梭罗虽生活时代和背景迥异，但都尊重自然，为亲近自然转变生活方式，作品展现自然之美。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Ta Yuanming and Henry David Threau were bth pets, but ne lived in Ancient China and the ther in 19th century America. Superficially, these tw men, whse lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were plar ppsites.(陶渊明和亨利·戴维·梭罗都是诗人，但一个生活在古代中国，另一个生活在19世纪的美国。从表面上看，这两个人的生活在时间上相隔近1500年，是……)”可知，陶渊明和亨利·戴维·梭罗两人生活时代和地域相差甚远，截然不同。所以划线短语“plar ppsite”的意思是“截然不同；完全相反”，与“Cntrastingly different”同义。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“While Ta’s return t nature was a reactin t a lifestyle he was ppsed t, Threau’s was a persnal decisin t transfrm the way he lived.(虽然陶渊明回归自然是对他所反对的生活方式的一种反应，但梭罗的回归是他个人改变生活方式的决定)”可知，陶渊明回归自然是对一种他反对的生活方式的反应，而梭罗不是。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Threau’s writing aimed t cnvince peple that animals and plants had a right t live and prsper, as we d. We shuld live with them in harmny and enjy nature’s gifts, as he describes in his jurnal: (梭罗的写作旨在让人们相信，动植物和我们一样有生存和繁衍的权利。我们应该与它们和谐相处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中所描述的：)”和第四段“ Live in each seasn as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yurself t the influences f each.(随四季流转而生活；呼吸空气，品尝美酒，享用水果，顺应每个季节的影响)”可知，作者引用梭罗的日记是为了阐述梭罗关于人与自然和谐相处的理想。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It takes cnsiderable curage t reject the easy and familiar and instead try t live clser t nature, as bth Ta and Threau did. Their chices led them t quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires.(像陶渊明和梭罗那样，拒绝安逸熟悉的生活，转而尝试更贴近自然地生活需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择让他们过上了宁静、善于思考且物欲较少的生活)”可知，作者认为他们的选择需要勇气，且肯定了这种生活方式，由此可推断作者对他们的生活方式持支持态度。故选C项。
【12】（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期末）Crtisl, widely recgnized as the “stress hrmne (激素)”, plays a key rle in managing stress. The recent discussins in TikTk suggest a misinterpretatin that crtisl imbalances are directly respnsible fr varius health issues, frm lse skin t sleep and digestive prblem. “The relatinship between crtisl and bdy symptms is nt straightfrward.” Experts like Martin Picard frm Clumbia University emphasizes.
Our bdies release crtisl when we encunter a challenge, whether psychlgical r physical, real r imagined. Things like cming acrss a bear n a hike, receiving an annying wrk email r delivering a public speech are the typical cases. Crtisl aids in energy supply and metablism (新陈代谢) cntrl. Its levels vary, peaking in the mrning and reducing by night.
Hwever, lng-term stress can disturb this balance, leading t sustained high crtisl levels. Ptential disadvantages are weakened immune (免疫的) system and high bld sugar, as well as mental illnesses like depressin and PTSD．In extreme cases, t much crtisl prductin may lead t Cushing’s syndrme, characterized by serius physical changes and requiring medical treatment.
Identifying crtisl-related issues requires prfessinal evaluatin, as self-assessment r at-hme testing may nt prvide accurate results due t crtisl’s dynamic nature. Experts suggest cnsulting healthcare prfessinals fr a thrugh check. While there’s n ne-size-fits-all slutin fr managing crtisl levels, research indicates that practices such as yga, mindfulness, and mderate exercise can aid in regulating the bdy’s stress respnse. These activities nt nly help in reducing stress but als in training the bdy t manage its stress respnse mre effectively ver time.
In cnclusin, crtisl plays a key rle in hw ur bdy handles stress and functins verall. Hwever, saying that many health prblems are just due t crtisl imbalances misses the cmplex interactin between hrmnes, stress and health. It’s imprtant t take a hlistic apprach t health, with prfessinal guidance and persnalized stress management strategies.
1．What can we learn abut crtisl?
A．It can directly cause sleep disrder
B．It wn’t influence physical health at all.
C．It has nthing t d with stmach upset.
D．It is ften misunderstd n scial media.
2．What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A．Exercise guarantees crtisl decrease.
B．Hme testing f crtisl is nt available.
C．Multiple tests may be required t measure crtisl.
D．Experts dismiss hme activities in stress management.
3．What des the underlined wrd “hlistic” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Medical.B．Physical.C．Immediate.D．Integrated.
4．Where is this text mst likely frm?
A．An educatin guide.B．A health magazine.
C．A bk review.D．A scientific paper.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮质醇的功能、误解及其与健康的关系，并提供了相关建议。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“The recent discussins in TikTk suggest a misinterpretatin that crtisl imbalances are directly respnsible fr varius health issues, frm lse skin t sleep and digestive prblem.(TikTk上最近的讨论表明了一种误解，即皮质醇失衡直接导致了各种健康问题，从皮肤松弛到睡眠和消化问题。)”可知，皮质醇失衡被误解为直接导致各种健康问题。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段的句子“Identifying crtisl-related issues requires prfessinal evaluatin, as self-assessment r at-hme testing may nt prvide accurate results due t crtisl’s dynamic nature.(识别皮质醇相关的问题需要专业的评估，因为由于皮质醇的动态特性，自我评估或家庭测试可能无法提供准确的结果。)”可知，由于皮质醇的动态特性，可能需要多次测试来准确测量其水平。故选C项。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文的内容“with prfessinal guidance and persnalized stress management strategies.(在专业指导和个性化压力管理策略下)”可知，根据专业指导和个性化压力管理策略采取的方法肯定是全面的，所以划线单词“hlistic”的意义为“全面的；整体的”，与integrated“综合的；完整统一的”意义相近。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，文章主要讨论了皮质醇的作用、误解及其对健康的影响，并提供了专业的健康建议。这种内容通常出现在健康类杂志中。故选B项。
【13】（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期末）There are s many things t keep in rder with yung children during weekdays. It’s all t easy t end up frgetting they need their PE kit n a particular day, r t realize they have n clean schl unifrms r yu’ve missed an email abut a schl trip.
S ne admirably rganized mm, Rachael Hallett, frm Australia, has shared her simple but highly effective slutin t having t prepare their lunchbxes. Her tip recmmends mass cking, just like yu might d with dinners. “Schl lunches can get bring,” she admits. “Yu can ck a lt and freeze many items in advance. Sandwiches, sausage rlls, wraps and s n. These all freeze well.” But she pints ut that any fillings that are water-based, like cucumber r tmat, shuld be avided in case the bread r wraps becme wet.
And Rachael, wh has tw primary schl age children, desn’t stp there with the preparatin. She als makes the decisins easily ver what t give her children daily by drawing up a list f different fds t put in the bxes. She prefers lunchbxes with different parts that wn’t leak and each sectin is used fr varius items such as fruit r snacks. The wise mm smetimes even sends her kids int schl with a fd therms fr warm lunches. “Yu can really send almst anything,” she shares.
But even Rachael has days when she just desn’t have the time r energy t make a meal fr her little nes and she says n these ccasins schl dinners are definitely a suitable alternative. “Plan sme mney fr a lunch rder n yur hardest weekdays. Usually schl dinners aren’t t expensive and taste gd,” she says.
Rachael is a c-funder f the hugely ppular Facebk grup Mms Wh, which has ver a millin members. Lts f ther members f the grup thanked Rachael fr sharing her tips which they intended t put t use in their rutines.
1．What are parents’ weekdays like accrding t the first paragraph?
A．Challenging.B．Bring.C．Amazing.D．Meaningful.
2．What des Rachael suggest n mass cking?
A．Aviding sandwiches.B．Preparing fd with juice.
C．Chsing fd that freezes well.D．Cking ne item at a time.
3．Why des Rachael prbably prefer lunchbxes with different parts?
A．It is easy fr her children t carry.B．It is cnvenient t put different fds in.
C．The lunchbxes lk mre beautiful.D．The lunchbxes are ppular with children.
4．What is the purpse f the Facebk grup Mms Wh?
A．T ffer varius recipes fr cking schl dinners at hme
B．T help mms find affrdable lunchbx ptins fr their kids
C．T allw mms in Australia t discuss schl-related tpics.
D．T prvide a platfrm fr mms t share the tips n their kids’ lunch.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Rachael Hallett这位妈妈在准备孩子午餐方面的经验和建议，并通过她的故事为其他家长提供了实用的技巧。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“There are s many things t keep in rder with yung children during weekdays. It’s all t easy t end up frgetting they need their PE kit n a particular day, r t realize they have n clean schl unifrms r yu’ve missed an email abut a schl trip.(在工作日里，有很多事情要和年幼的孩子们一起打理。很容易忘记他们在某一天需要他们的体育用品，或者意识到他们没有干净的校服，或者你错过了一封关于学校旅行的邮件。)”可知，父母在工作日需要处理许多事情，容易忘记一些重要事项，因此工作日是具有挑战性的。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Yu can ck a lt and freeze many items in advance. Sandwiches, sausage rlls, wraps and s n. These all freeze well.(你可以提前烹饪和冷冻很多食物。三明治、香肠卷、面包卷等等。这些都很好冻。)”可知，Rachael建议选择可以冷冻保存的食物。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“She prefers lunchbxes with different parts that wn’t leak and each sectin is used fr varius items such as fruit r snacks.(她更喜欢有不同部分的午餐盒，这些部分不会漏出，每个部分都可以用来装各种东西，比如水果或零食。)”可知，Rachael喜欢分格饭盒是因为可以方便地放入不同种类的食物。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，特别是最后一段的句子“Lts f ther members f the grup thanked Rachael fr sharing her tips which they intended t put t use in their rutines.(小组的许多其他成员都感谢Rachael分享她的建议，他们打算把这些建议应用到自己的日常生活中。)”可知，该Facebk群的目的是为妈妈们提供一个分享孩子午餐技巧的平台。故选D项。
【14】（24-25高二上·浙江嘉兴·期末）Getting int arguments with strangers nline r family members at the dinner table can feel a bit like debating with a brick wall. We are prbably all guilty (有过失的) f feeling like we are right, even if we dn’t have all the facts. This phenmenn is called the “illusin f infrmatin adequacy (IOIA)”.
“Interpersnal cnflict is n the rise, driving increases in anger, anxiety, and general stress, ” says Angus Fletcher, a researcher at the Ohi State University. “We wanted t lk int thse misunderstandings and see hw they culd be reduced. ”
In the study, the team surveyed 1, 261 Americans nline. All the participants read an article abut an imaginary schl with water shrtage. Grup ne read an article that nly gave reasns fr merging (合并) with anther schl that has better water. Grup tw read an article that nly gave reasns fr the schls staying separate and hping fr ther slutins t the prblem. Grup three was the cntrl grup that read bth sets f the arguments.
They fund the majrity f the first tw grups believed they had enugh infrmatin t decide what t d. They said they wuld fllw the recmmendatins in the article they read and thught thers wuld make the same decisin. Abut 55 percent f the cntrl grup recmmended the schls merge.
The team calls this belief IOIA．Fletcher describes it as, “The less ur brain knws, the mre cnfident it is that it knws all it needs t knw. This makes us leap t cnfident cnclusins and decisive judgments, when we miss necessary infrmatin. ”
The team als fund sme were willing t change their minds — nce they had all the facts. Timing als plays a rle. The peple in the study changed their pinins that were recently frmed, nt lng-held beliefs.
Accrding t Fletcher, ne f the best ways t reduce IOIA when disagreeing with smene is t stp and ask, “Is there smething I'm missing that wuld help me understand their psitin better? ” This can help reduce unnecessary interpersnal cnflict.
1．What was the main gal f Fletcher’s research?
A．T find ways t imprve debate skills.
B．T identify types f infrmatin surces.
C．T explain why it is necessary t stick t facts.
D．T explre hw t minimize misunderstandings.
2．Why did participants in Grup ne and tw tend t have IOIA?
A．They held deep-rted beliefs.
B．They received a lt f false infrmatin.
C．They were expsed t ne-sided arguments.
D．They were wrried abut the schl’s situatin.
3．What des Fletcher suggest t fight IOIA?
A．Establishing interpersnal bnds.
B．Seeking t bridge the infrmatin gap.
C．Encuraging thers t see the big picture.
D．Stressing the weaknesses in thers’ psitins.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Why D Peple Insist They Are Crrect?
B．Des Interpersnal Cnflict Lead t Stress?
C．Can Cnversatins Affect What We Believe?
D．What Cntributes t Sensible Decisin-making?
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在与别人争吵时，我们总认为自己是对的，这种现象被称为“信息充足错觉”(IOIA)。文章主要介绍了我们有信息充足错觉的原因。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中Fletcher所说的话““We wanted t lk int thse misunderstandings and see hw they culd be reduced. ”(“我们想探讨这些误解，并看看如何减少它们。”)”可知，Fletcher的研究是主要是为了探索如何最大程度地减少误解。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In the study, the team surveyed 1, 261 Americans nline. All the participants read an article abut an imaginary schl with water shrtage. Grup ne read an article that nly gave reasns fr merging with anther schl that has better water. Grup tw read an article that nly gave reasns fr the schls staying separate and hping fr ther slutins t the prblem. (在这项研究中，研究团队在网上调查了1261名美国人。所有参与者都阅读了一篇关于一所缺水学校的虚构报道。第一组阅读的报道只给出了与另一所有更好水源的学校合并的理由。第二组阅读的报道只给出了学校保持独立并希望找到其他的方法的理由。)”可知，第一组和第二组所阅读的报道给出的理由都是单方面的，所以第一组和第二组的参与者倾向于有信息充足错觉（IOIA）。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Accrding t Fletcher, ne f the best ways t reduce IOIA when disagreeing with smene is t stp and ask, “Is there smething I’m missing that wuld help me understand their psitin better? ” This can help reduce unnecessary interpersnal cnflict. (根据弗莱彻的说法，当与他人意见不同时，减少IOIA的最好方法之一是停下来问自己：“我是不是漏掉了什么导致我无法更好地理解他们的立场？” 这可以帮助减少不必要的冲突。)”可知， Fletcher建议，要想应对信息充足错觉（IOIA），你应该问自己是不是漏掉了什么导致自己无法更好地理解他们的立场，这说明要努力弥补信息差，由此可推知，Fletcher建议要通过弥补信息差来应对IOIA，故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Getting int arguments with strangers nline r family members at the dinner table can feel a bit like debating with a brick wall. We are prbably all guilty f feeling like we are right, even if we dn’t have all the facts. This phenmenn is called the “illusin f infrmatin adequacy (IOIA)”. (在网上与陌生人或在晚餐桌上与家人争吵，感觉就像在和一堵砖墙辩论。我们可能都犯过这样的错误，自己是对的，即使我们没有掌握所有的事实。这种现象被称为“信息充足错觉”(IOIA)。)”和第二段中““We wanted t lk int thse misunderstandings and see hw they culd be reduced. ”(“我们想探讨这些误解，并看看如何减少它们。”)”可知，在与别人争吵时，我们总认为自己是对的，这种现象被称为“信息充足错觉”(IOIA)。文章主要介绍了我们有信息充足错觉的原因，A项“为什么人们坚持认为自己是对的？”适合作文章标题，故选A。
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