高考英语一轮复习讲义练习专题6　形容词与副词[形容词8年17考，副词8年13考]

这是一份高考英语一轮复习讲义练习专题6　形容词与副词[形容词8年17考，副词8年13考]，共8页。
考点一 形容词★★★★★(8年17考)
1. 作定语
形容词作定语时一般放在它所修饰词的前面。
There was a lng queue fr cffee at the interval.
中场休息时人们排长队买咖啡。
在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词的后面。
1. 形容词作定语修饰smebdy、smething、anyne、anything、nbdy等复合代词时，需后置。
Is there anything wrng with yur car?
你的汽车出什么毛病了吗？
2. 以-able或-ible结尾的形容词可置于被形容词最高级或all、every、nly等词修饰的名词后面。
This is the best cmputer available.
这是现在可用的最好的一台电脑。
3. 表语形容词作定语，一般要后置。这类词有alive(活着的)、awake(醒着的)、alike(相似的)。
He is the mst famus scientist alive in the wrld.
他是当今世界上活着的最著名的科学家。
2. 作表语
(1) 某些以a-开头的形容词通常作表语，有些不能用very修饰。这类词有afraid(害怕的)、alive(活着的)、ashamed(羞愧的)、awake(醒着的)、aware(意识到的)。
Peple are nw aware that helping thers is helping themselves.
人们现在意识到帮助别人就是帮助自己。
(2) 某些表示健康的形容词通常作表语。这类词有fine(健康的)、ill(有病)、well(身体健康的)。
He was ill and culdn't cme.
他病了，不能来。
(3) -ed形容词与-ing形容词。-ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”；-ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”。
(4) be动词和连系动词(appear、seem、lk、taste、sund、feel、smell、becme、cme、fall、get、g、grw、turn、run、turn ut、keep、remain、stay、stand、prve等)后常接形容词，作表语。
She stepped a little back, appearing surprised.
她往后退了一点，显得很吃惊。
(5) 常见的形容词作表语的句型
① It is/was＋形容词(kind、nice、stupid、clever、flish等)＋f＋sb.＋t d sth.
It is/was＋形容词(imprtant、difficult、easy、pssible等)＋fr＋sb.＋t d sth.
It's flish f me t make such a mistake.
犯这样的错误，我真是太傻了。
It's difficult fr us t finish the wrk in three days.
我们很难在三天内完成这项工作。
介词是用fr还是f主要取决于前面的形容词，如果形容词是描述“人”的，如人的品质、性格等，那么就用介词f；如果前面的形容词描述的是事物本身的特征，那么就用fr。
② 形容词＋动词不定式，动词不定式表示原因或结果。常用于这种句型的形容词有able、sure、lucky、ready、happy、likely等。
Studies shw that peple are mre likely t suffer frm back prblems if they always sit befre cmputer screens fr lng hurs.
研究表明，如果人们总是坐在电脑屏幕面前很长时间会有背部的问题。
3. 作宾语补足语
形容词作宾语补足语，常用于“动词＋it＋形容词＋动词不定式”结构，常见的动词有make、keep、leave(使，使……处于某种状态)、cnsider、think、find、cut、set等。
The guard brught ut his knife and cut ne bt pen.
士兵把刀拿出来，把一只长筒靴切开。
4. 作状语
形容词作状语表示伴随、结果、时间、条件，但不表示动作的方式。
After the lng jurney, the three f them went back hme, hungry and tired. (伴随状语)
长途旅行后，他们三个人回家了，又累又饿。
【真题感悟】 单句语法填空
1. (2024新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied t create this prtective (functin) structure that is als beautiful.
2. (2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Xia lng ba (sup dumplings), thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing ht, (taste) sup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favurite Chinese street fd.
3. (2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and (cnfidence) speaking English.
4. (2022全国甲卷)Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre (meaning)．
5. (2021全国甲卷)Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and watchtwers t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their (day) rutines.
6. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art.
7. (2019全国Ⅲ卷)They als shared with us many (traditin) stries abut Hawaii that were hugely ppular with turists.
8. (2018全国Ⅰ卷)Running is cheap, easy and it's always (energy)．
9. (2017全国Ⅱ卷)The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900.
考点二 副词★★★★★(8年13考)
1. 形容词和副词的相互转化
(1) 大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。
(2) 在英语中，有些词既可以作形容词，又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们的词性，如hard、early、much、fast、little、well、deep等。
2. 易混同根副词
(1) 有些与形容词同形的副词表示具体概念，而加-ly 的副词则往往表示抽象的概念。
The plane flies high.
飞机飞得很高。
They spke very highly f him.
他们对他大加称赞。
They had t dig very deep in rder t find water.
他们必须挖得很深，才能发现水。
I am deeply grateful t yu.
我非常感谢你。
(2) 含义迥然不同的同根副词
The bus arrived 5 minutes late.
公共汽车晚了五分钟。
What have yu been ding lately?
最近你在做什么？
注意：下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：
friendly友好的 lvely可爱的
lively活泼的 lnely孤独的
deadly致命的 rderly有秩序的
manly有男子气概的 daily每日的
weekly每周的
【真题感悟】 单句语法填空
1. (2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)S, what are they learning? (basic), hw t describe a panda's life.
2. (2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy.
3. (2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ppulatins and hmes f giant pandas, and (eventual) achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
4. (2020全国Ⅰ卷)Landing n the mn's far side is (extreme) challenging.
5. (2019全国Ⅱ卷)Her years f hard wrk have (final) been acknwledged after a custmer nminated(提名) her t be Cheshire's Wman f the Year.
6. (2018浙江卷) (recent), caffeine has fund its way int range, apple, and ther flavured drinks.
考点三 形容词/副词的原级、比较级和最高级★★★★(8年9考)
1. 原级比较
(1) 和……一样……
Our classrm is as big as theirs.
我们的教室和他们的一样大。
(2) 不如/不及……
He desn't study as hard as his brther.
他学习不及他弟弟刻苦。
2. 比较级
(1) 基本结构：形容词/副词比较级＋than...
The ppulatin f China is larger than that f Japan.
中国的人口比日本的人口多。
He drives mre carefully than yu.
他开车比你更小心。
(2) 比较级的修饰成分
比较级前常可以用数量词或much、a lt、a great deal、far、by far、even、still、a bit、a little、rather、any(用于疑问句和否定句中)等词来修饰。
Yu're standing t near the camera. Can yu mve a little farther?
你站得离相机太近了，你可以站得稍远一点吗？
(3) 比较级常用的几个句型
① “比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”
Our cuntry is getting strnger and strnger.
我们的祖国越来越强大。
② “the＋比较级， the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”
Sme teachers think the mre exercises their students d, the better their study will be.
有些老师认为学生做的练习越多，成绩就越好。
③ “n＋比较级＋than”表示“(两者)都不……”；“nt＋比较级＋than”表示“前者不如后者……”
This bk is n mre expensive than that ne.
这本书和那本书都不贵。
This bk is nt mre expensive than that ne.
这本书没有那本书贵。
3. 最高级
(1) 基本结构：(the＋)最高级＋(名词＋)范围
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the wrld.
撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
(2) 最高级与序数词连用，表示“第几……”
The Yellw River is the secnd lngest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
(3) 最高级与不定冠词连用表示“非常”，这时没有比较的范围
This is a mst interesting film.
这是一部非常有趣的电影。
1. 倍数的表达
(1) A比B大三倍。
A is fur times as big as B.
A is three times bigger than B.
A is fur times the size f B.
(2) 这条河流只有长江的三分之一长。
The river is nly ne third as lng as the Changjiang River.
The river is nly ne third the length f the Changjiang River.
2. 用比较级表示最高级的含义
(1) 否定词和比较级连用表示最高级的含义
I have never seen a prettier sight.
这是我看到过的最美丽的景象。
I can't agree mre. 我完全同意。
(2) 他比他们班上其他任何同学都要高。
He is taller than any ther student in his class.
He is taller than all the ther students in his class.
He is taller than anyne else in his class.
比较：
① This mncake is mre tasty than any ther mncake.
(这块月饼是所有月饼之一，所以说“比其他任何一块都好吃”)
② Canada is larger than any cuntry in Asia.
(加拿大不属于亚洲，所以说“加拿大比亚洲的任何一个国家都要大”)
4. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则
(1) 规则变化
(2) 不规则变化
【真题感悟】 单句语法填空
1. (2024全国甲卷)Yellwstne was the (large) United States natinal park—2.2 millin acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, which became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnurs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.
2. (2022全国甲卷)In the last five years, Ca has walked thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa's (high) muntain.
3. (2019全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists have respnded by nting that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin(错觉) that ppulatins are (high) than they actually are.
4. (2018全国Ⅰ卷)Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years (lng) than nn-runners.
5. (2018全国Ⅲ卷)He screams the (lud) f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me.
6. (2017全国Ⅰ卷)Peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up.

动词
-ed形容词
-ing形容词
embarrass
使窘迫
embarrassed
感到窘迫的
embarrassing
令人窘迫的
interest
使感兴趣
interested
感兴趣的
interesting
令人感兴趣的
tire
使疲倦
tired
感到疲倦的
tiring
令人疲倦的
转化规律
例词
一般情况下，在形容词词尾直接加-ly
brave—bravely
careful—carefully
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词要变-y为-i，然后再加-ly
busy—busily
angry—angrily
happy—happily
(特殊)shy—shyly
以-le结尾，去-e直接加-y
terrible—terribly
gentle—gently
cmfrtable—cmfrtably
(特殊)whle—whlly
以ue结尾的形容词，当ue不发元音时，直接加上ly; 当ue发元音时，去e再加-ly
unique—uniquely
vague—vaguely
true—truly
其他
特殊
情况
以-ll结尾的形容词只加-y
full—fully
以-ic结尾的形容词加-ally
basic—basically
ecnmic—ecnmically
energetic—energetically
high在高处
highly高标准地
wide充分地
widely广泛地
deep深深地
deeply很，非常；深刻地
late迟；晚
lately最近(同recently)
hard努力地
hardly几乎不
near近；临近；在附近
nearly几乎；差不多；将近
单音节词
-er
和
-est
变化规则
原级
比较级
最高级
一般在词末加-er和-est
tall
great
hard
taller
greater
harder
tallest
greatest
hardest
以-e结尾的只加-r和-st
nice
large
nicer
larger
nicest
largest
单音节词
-er
和
-est
以“辅音字母＋-y”结尾的，先变-y为-i，再加-er和-est
dry
drier
driest
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est
big
thin
ht
bigger
thinner
htter
biggest
thinnest
httest
双音节词
-er
和
-est
少数以-y、-er、-w、-ble、-ple结尾的双音节词，变化规则同单音节词
happy
clever
narrw
simple
happier
cleverer
narrwer
simpler
happiest
cleverest
narrwest
simplest
双音节词
mre
和
mst
在前面加
mre和mst
careful
useful
quickly
mre careful
mre useful
mre quickly
mst careful
mst useful
mst quickly
多音节词
mre
和
mst
在前面加
mre和mst
difficult
beautiful
mre difficult
mre beautiful
mst difficult
mst beautiful
原级
比较级
最高级
gd/well
better
best
bad/ill
wrse
wrst
原级
比较级
最高级
many/much
mre
mst
little
less
least
far
farther
farthest
further
furthest
ld
lder
ldest
elder
eldest