高考英语一轮复习讲义练习专题9　非谓语动词[8年58考]

这是一份高考英语一轮复习讲义练习专题9　非谓语动词[8年58考]，共7页。
考点一 非谓语动词作主语和表语★★(8年5考)
1. 非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和动词不定式
(1) 动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
Facing up t yur prblems rather than running away frm them is the best apprach t wrking things ut. 勇敢面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最佳方法。
T cmplete the prgramme needs much effrt. 要完成这个项目需要很多努力。
(2) it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。
It was n use sending him t a hspital.
送他去医院没有用。
It's imprtant fr the figures t be updated regularly.定期更新数字是很重要的。
2. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和动词不定式。现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”，而过去分词作表语意为“(人)感到……的”。
My dream is t enter Peking University.
我的梦想是进入北京大学。
Please describe a dg that is frightening.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。(令人害怕)
Please describe a dg that is frightened.
请描述一只受惊的狗。(狗感到害怕)
注意：get、becme、lk、seem、appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。
We shuldn't get discuraged right after failures. 我们不应该在失败后马上就气馁。
【真题感悟】 单句语法填空
1. (2024新高考全国Ⅰ卷)In cld weather, the structure stays (clse) t prtect the plants.
2. (2021全国甲卷)It is pssible (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmetres.
3. (2019天津卷) (learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.
4. (2018北京卷) (travel) alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience.
考点二 非谓语动词作宾语★★★★(8年12考)
1. 后接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有admit、advise、allw、dislike、appreciate、avid、dubt、enjy、envy、can't help、delay、escape、can't stand/bear、deny、excuse、cnsider、fancy、favur、mind、miss、figure、finish、ppse、pardn、resist、frgive、permit、imagine、pstpne、risk、invlve、practise、prevent、suggest、keep、quit、keep n、insist n、lk frward t、feel like、get dwn t、bject t、devte neself t、be used t(习惯于)、set abut、put ff等。
2. 后接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)有attempt、affrd、agree、aim、arrange、enable、chse、neglect、demand、lng、mean、expect、appear、determine、manage、pretend、desire、wish、ffer、beg、fail、plan、bther、care、happen(碰巧)、prepare、decide、learn、hesitate、claim、hpe、prmise、want、refuse、seek、refuse、threaten、wuld like等。
3. 既可接动名词又可接不定式的动词(短语)有frget、remember、stp、regret、g n、mean、start、begin、try等，但意义上有区别。
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(frget t d sth. 忘记去做某事未做,frget ding sth. 忘记做过某事已做过,或已发生))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(remember t d sth. 记住去做某事未做,remember ding sth. 记得做过某事已做))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(stp t d sth. 停止某事去做另一件事,stp ding sth. 停止正在做的事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(regret t d sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾,regret ding sth. 对做过的事后悔))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(mean t d sth. 打算做某事,mean ding sth. 意味着做某事))
4. need、require、want作“需要”讲以及deserve作“应受，应得”讲时，其后接动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式。
The rad needs repairing/t be repaired.
这条路需要(被)修。
5. it作形式宾语，代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。
We think it quite imprtant fr us t learn a freign language well.
我认为学好一门外语对我们来说很重要。
【真题感悟】 单句语法填空
1. (2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)T eat ne, yu have t decide whether (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), r t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue.
2. (2023全国乙卷)As a phtgrapher, I have spent the last tw years (recrd) everything I discvered.
3. (2021全国甲卷)After (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!
4. (2019全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists have respnded by (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements.
5. (2018全国Ⅲ卷)I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid (lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel challenged.
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语补足语★★(8年7考)
1. “五看二听一感觉”的感官动词(短语)，如see、watch、bserve、ntice、lk at、hear、listen t、feel，后面的宾语补足语有三种常见的非谓语动词形式(d/ding/dne)。d表主动和完成(被动句需补上不定式符号t)，ding表主动或正在进行，dne表被动或完成。
The missing by was last seen playing near the river. 失踪的男孩最后被看见是在河边玩耍。
She was ften heard t sing this sng.
经常听见她唱这首歌。
2. 使役动词后面的宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make、leave、keep、have、get等。
(1) 宾语和宾语补足语之间表示主动的结构
make/have/let sb. d sth. 使得某人做某事
get sb. t d sth. 使得某人开始做某事(强调使/让……开始行动起来)
have/leave/keep ... ding sth. 使……(持续)做某事/保持某种状态
(2) 宾语和宾语补足语之间表示被动的结构
make/get/have sth. dne使/让某事被做
3. 常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise、allw、ask、beg、encurage、expect、frbid、frce、get、intend、invite、like、rder、persuade、prefer、require、teach、remind、tell、want等。
The patient was warned nt t eat ily fd.
病人被警告不要吃油腻的食物。
They encurage readers t use the library.
他们鼓励读者使用图书馆。
4. with复合结构
witheq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(sb./sth. ding表主动和进行,sth. dne表被动和完成,sth. t d表将来))
With everything dne, I went hme happily.
因为一切都做完了，我开心地回家了。
【真题感悟】 单句语法填空
1. (2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
2. (2020全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and yu see them many times (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
3. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in histry r (walk) thrugh a rainfrest.
4. (2019江苏卷)China's image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries (recgnize) its rle in internatinal affairs.
5. (2018全国Ⅲ卷)Once his message was delivered, he allwed me (stay) and watch.
考点四 非谓语动词作状语★★★★(8年20考)
1. 动词不定式作状语
(1) 通常表示目的，相当于in rder t或s as t，以示强调。
I saved every cent (in rder) t buy a car.
为了买车，我存下每一分钱。
(2) 表示结果时常用于、nly t...、never t等结构中。
The by is t yung t dress himself.
这个男孩太小了以至于不能自己穿衣服。
He hurried hme nly t find his mney stlen.
他急忙赶回家，却发现自己的钱被偷了。
He left his hmetwn in 1938, never t be heard frm again. 他于1938年离开家乡，之后再也没有他的消息。
(3) 可用在某些形容词的后面
I am verjyed t hear the news.
听到这个消息我太高兴了。
They are sure t win the match.
他们一定会赢下这场比赛。
2. 分词作状语
分词作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式和结果等。
Hearing the news, they all jumped with jy. (时间状语)
听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。
Given mre time, I can d the wrk better. (条件状语) 如果多给一点时间，我能做得更好。
Nt knwing his address, I can't send this bk t him. (原因状语)
由于不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。
He put a finger in his muth, tasted it and smiled, lking rather pleased.(伴随状语)
他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。
注意：现在分词和nly t d sth.都可以表示结果，但是现在分词作状语表示顺理成章的结果，即由于前句动作的发生而自然造成的结果，而nly t d sth.表示出乎意料的(往往是不太好的)结果。
Her parents died, leaving her an rphan.
她父母双亡，留下她一个孤儿。
I ran all the way t the pst ffice, nly t find it clsed.
我一路跑到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。
【真题感悟】 单句语法填空
1. (2024新高考全国Ⅰ卷)These sepals pen n warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2. (2024新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Thse cultural elements have increased Stratfrd's internatinal visibility, said Edmndsn, adding that visitrs walking thrugh the Birthplace Garden were ften amazed (find) the cnnectin between the tw great writers.
3. (2024新高考全国Ⅱ卷) (recall) watching a Chinese pera versin f Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actrs wh came t Stratfrd a few years ag t perfrm parts f The Peny Pavilin, Edmndsn said, “It was very exciting t hear the Chinese language and see hw Tang's play was being perfrmed.”
4. (2024浙江1月高考卷)Hwever, if yu're shpping fr ne, buying extra (benefit) frm price reductins desn't make sense.
5. (2023全国乙卷) (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
6. (2022全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilmetres frm Xi'an t Kashgar n Sept. 20, (plan) t hike back t Xi'an in five mnths.
7. (2022全国乙卷) (strengthen) the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media.
8. (2021浙江卷)Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
9. (2020天津卷)The lcal gvernment desn't have t sacrifice envirnmental prtectin (prmte) ecnmic grwth.
10. (2019江苏卷) (enjy) the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smartphnes.
11. (2017北京卷)The natinal park has a large cllectin f wildlife, (range) frm butterflies t elephants.
考点五 非谓语动词作定语★★★★(8年14考)
1. 动词不定式作定语
(1) 动词不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
The questin t be discussed at the meeting is very imprtant.
将在会议上讨论的那个问题是非常重要的。
(2) 被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next、secnd、last、nly和nt a、the等限定词时，只能用动词不定式。
Mr Petersn is always the first persn t arrive at the training centre.
皮特森先生总是第一个到达训练中心的人。
(3) 动词不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等的抽象名词，如ability、mvement、effrt、need、failure、pprtunity、chance、curage、intentin、reasn、decisin、methd、determinatin、wish、time(时间)、prmise、way等。
He has the ability t d the wrk.
他有能力做这项工作。
Their decisin t give up the experiment surprised us.
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
What is the best way t teach English?
什么是教英语的最好方法？
2. 分词作定语
(1) 现在分词表示主动意义；过去分词表示被动意义。
The child standing ver there is my brther.
站在那儿的小孩是我弟弟。
The frightened child std there still.
那个吓坏了的小孩站在那里一动不动。
(2) 现在分词表示正在进行；过去分词表示状态或完成。
D yu want t see the dctr wrking n the case reprt in the ffice?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？
A brken cup is lying n the grund.
地上有一只破碎的杯子。
动词不定式的被动式强调的是一个即将要发生的被动动作；现在分词的被动式表示一个正在进行的被动动作；过去分词表示发生在过去的被动动作。
The building t be built next year will be a htel.
明年即将要建造的大楼将会是一个宾馆。
The building being built nw will be a htel.
正在建造的大楼将会是一个宾馆。
The building built last year is a htel.
去年建造的这座大楼是一个宾馆。
【真题感悟】 单句语法填空
1. (2024新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Tw years later, a six-metre-tall pavilin, (inspire) by The Peny Pavilin, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk frm Shakespeare's birthplace.
2. (2024浙江1月高考卷)Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets have started selling chicken r salad in packs (design) with tw halves cntaining separate prtins(份)．
3. (2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China.
4. (2022全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days t Xi'an, as a first step (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute(路线) by ft.
5. (2022全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute(致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
6. (2020全国Ⅰ卷)I like eating (fry) tmates with eggs, and I thught it must be easy t ck.
7. (2019全国Ⅱ卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene declared she had n plans (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
8. (2017北京卷)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students.