人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture优秀课后复习题

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture优秀课后复习题，共26页。试卷主要包含了食物种类，烹饪相关，饮食健康，文化关联等内容，欢迎下载使用。
单元引言解读
Fd brings peple tgether n many different levels. It's nurishment f the sul and bdy; it's truly lve.
—Giada De Laurentiis
释义：食物在许多不同的层面上把人们聚集在一起。它是心灵和身体的养料，是真正的爱。
——吉娅达·德·劳伦蒂斯
启示：此引言充分说明了食物对人类的意义：它不仅为人们的身心健康提供养料，还在维系社会文化关系方面发挥着重要作用。
主题词汇积累
一、食物种类：
junk fd 垃圾食品
lamb kebab 烤羊肉串
red braised prk 红烧肉
bean curd（tfu） 豆腐
dim sum 点心（中国食品）
二、烹饪相关：
cnsist f 由…… 组成（或构成）
切下
pepper sth. with sth. 大量加入
recipe fr …… 的烹饪法；…… 的秘诀
chef de cuisine 主厨
三、饮食健康：
balanced diet 均衡饮食
cnsume energy 消耗能量
in mderatin 适度地，适量地
a fundamental key t healthy eating 健康饮食的基本要诀
be sensitive t dairy prducts 对乳制品敏感
四、文化关联：
Chinese cuisine 中国菜肴
bring hme the bacn 挣到钱养家糊口
ht ptat 棘手的问题，烫手山芋
stable scial rder 稳定的社会秩序
cultural assciatin 文化关联
时文拓展阅读
（2024·吉林省长春市朝阳区长春市第二中学高二上期末）Britns are well knwn fr the amunt f tea that they drink. The average persn in the UK cnsumes arund 1.9 kg f tea yearly. That's arund 876 cups f tea. Tea is drunk by all sectins f sciety. But tea is nt native t Britain. Mst tea is grwn in India and China. S， hw did it becme an imprtant part f British culture？
Tea arrived in Lndn in the 1600s. At this time， British ships were explring the wrld and came acrss the drink in China. It was nt lng befre green tea was available t buy. Hwever， this was nly available t the richer sectins f sciety.
At the beginning f the 1700s， the amunt f tea arriving in Britain increased gradually. Black tea arrived at this time. At first peple drank this tea exactly as it was in China. They sn discvered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar， giving the drink a special British characteristic.
In the 1800s tea was still a prduct enjyed nly by peple with mney. At this time they began t have “afternn tea”. This invlves drinking tea with a snack arund 4 pm t avid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner. It is a traditin that is still ging tday but has becme less ppular in recent times.
In the late 1800s， the price f tea decreased sharply as mre tea began t arrive n ships frm India and China. It was n lnger a drink just fr rich peple. Tearms—shps where yu culd buy and drink tea—started t appear acrss the cuntry. Peple enjyed drinking tea and scialising in these places. At the start f the 20th century， Britns began t make tea in their hmes whenever they felt like it. Kettles became necessary in every kitchen.
【译文欣赏】
英国人对茶的消费量闻名遐迩。英国普通人年均消耗约1.9公斤茶叶，相当于约876杯茶。社会各阶层都饮茶，但茶并非英国本土产物，多数茶叶产自印度和中国。那么，茶是如何成为英国文化重要组成部分的呢？
茶在17世纪传入伦敦。当时英国船只探索世界，在中国发现了这种饮品。不久后，绿茶就有了购买渠道，但那时只有富裕阶层才能享用。
18世纪初，运抵英国的茶叶数量逐渐增加，红茶也在此时传入。起初，人们完全按照中国的方式饮用红茶，后来他们很快发现，加入少量牛奶和糖能让茶的口感更佳，这也赋予了该饮品独特的英国特色。
19世纪时，茶仍是有钱人独享的产品。此时，“下午茶”习俗开始兴起，人们在下午4点左右边喝茶边吃点心，以避免午餐到晚餐之间感到饥饿。这一传统延续至今，但近年来已不如从前流行。
19世纪末，随着更多茶叶从印度和中国通过船只运抵英国，茶价大幅下跌，不再是富人的专属饮品。茶室（可购买和饮茶的店铺）开始在全国涌现，人们喜欢在这些地方饮茶并社交。20世纪初，英国人开始在家中随时煮茶，每个厨房都少不了水壶。
【词汇积累】
be well knwn fr：因…… 闻名cme acrss：偶然发现 / 遇见
nt lng befre：不久之后available t：可被…… 获得的
at the beginning f：在…… 之初mix with：与…… 混合
in recent times：近年来decrease sharply：大幅下降
【知识拓展】
茶与生活的启示:
文化融合的智慧：英国将中国红茶与本土饮食偏好（加奶、糖）结合，形成独特茶文化，启示我们：不同文化的碰撞并非冲突，而是创新的契机 —— 接纳差异并加以融合，能创造新的价值。
平凡中的仪式感：从贵族专属到全民日常，茶的普及印证了 “生活的诗意不在于物质稀缺，而在于对细节的珍视”。即使是普通的一杯茶，也能通过仪式（如下午茶习俗）赋予生活温度。
慢下来的哲学：泡茶需等待水沸、茶叶舒展，这与快节奏的现代生活形成对比。喝茶的过程提醒我们：耐心等待与静心品味，是对抗焦虑的良药，正如茶香需时间沉淀，美好事物也需用心感受。
【词汇延伸】
【长难句分析】
1. It was nt lng befre green tea was available t buy. Hwever, this was nly available t the richer sectins f sciety.
分析：
前句使用 “It was nt lng befre...” 句型，意为 “不久之后……”，befre 引导时间状语从句，强调绿茶普及的速度。
后句 “available t” 表示 “可被…… 获得”，通过 “richer sectins” 对比，突出当时茶的阶级属性。
翻译：不久后，绿茶就有了购买渠道，但那时只有富裕阶层才能享用。
2. They sn discvered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar，giving the drink a special British characteristic.
分析：
that 引导宾语从句，说明 “discvered” 的内容；
“giving the ” 是现在分词短语作结果状语，解释加奶和糖的影响。
翻译：后来他们很快发现，加入少量牛奶和糖能让茶的口感更佳，这也赋予了该饮品独特的英国特色。
3. This invlves drinking tea with a snack arund 4 pm t avid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner.
分析：
“invlves ding sth.” 表示 “涉及 / 包括做某事”；
不定式短语 “t avid feeling hungry” 作目的状语，说明喝下午茶的意图。
翻译：这意味着在下午 4 点左右边喝茶边吃点心，以避免午餐到晚餐之间感到饥饿。
高考真题链接
（2023·全国乙卷·高考真题）What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
8．What d peple usually think f British fd?
A．It is simple and plain.B．It is rich in nutritin.
C．It lacks authentic tastes.D．It deserves a high reputatin.
9．Which best describes ckery prgramme n British TV?
A．Authritative.B．Creative.C．Prfitable.D．Influential.
10．Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A．20%.B．24%.C．25%.D．33%.
11．What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A．The art f cking in ther cuntries.B．Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C．Table manners in the UK.D．Studies f big eaters.
【答案】8．A 9．D 10．D 11．B
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段的“What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting?”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
1.原句：Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
结构解析：
让步状语从句：Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine（尽管英国以不太出色的烹饪闻名）。
主句：it is prducing mre tp class chefs（它正在培养更多顶级厨师）。
定语从句 1：wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens（他们频繁出现在电视屏幕上），修饰 “chefs”。
定语从句 2：whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists（他们的食谱书常居畅销书榜首），同样修饰 “chefs”，通过 “whse” 连接所属关系。
翻译：尽管英国以不太出色的烹饪闻名，但它正培养出更多顶级厨师，这些厨师频繁出现在电视屏幕上，他们的食谱书也常居畅销书榜首。
2.原句：It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits.
结构解析：
强调句：It’s + 强调部分（thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign）+ that + 剩余部分。
谓语部分：are turning away frm... and becming...（正在远离…… 并变得……），用 and 连接两个并列的现在分词结构。
翻译：正是多亏了这些电视厨师，而非任何广告活动，英国人才开始远离 “肉和两种蔬菜” 及即食食品，并在烹饪习惯上变得更具冒险精神。
背景知识：
1.英国饮食文化的传统与变革：
传统英国饮食常被调侃为 “简单乏味”，典型如 “炸鱼薯条（fish and chips）”“周日烤肉（Sunday rast）”，以肉类、土豆和蔬菜为主，口味偏清淡。
21 世纪以来，英国饮食受多元文化（如印度、中国、地中海饮食）及电视烹饪节目的影响，逐渐向多样化、国际化转变。例如，戈登・拉姆齐（Grdn Ramsay）、杰米・奥利弗（Jamie Oliver）等电视厨师通过节目推广新鲜食材和创新烹饪，推动了英国 “饮食革命”。
2.电视烹饪节目的社会影响：
英国是烹饪节目大国，代表节目如《厨艺大师》（MasterChef）、《周六厨房》（Saturday Kitchen），不仅改变了公众的烹饪习惯，还催生了 “家庭烹饪热”，尤其是年轻一代对食材品质和烹饪技巧的关注度显著提升。
数据支持：文中提到 “1/5 英国人因看电视烹饪节目尝试新食物”，反映出媒体对饮食文化的重塑作用。
阅读微技能（解题技巧）
8. 细节理解题：What d peple usually think f British fd?
关键词定位：题干中 “usually think f” 对应首段 “cmes int yur mind”“reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine”。
选项分析：
A. It is simple and plain.（简单朴素）—— 与 “uninteresting”“meat-and-tw-veg” 呼应，正确。
B. It is rich in nutritin.（营养丰富）—— 文中未提及，排除。
C. It lacks authentic tastes.（缺乏正宗风味）——“authentic” 无依据，排除。
D. It deserves a high reputatin.（享有高声誉）—— 与 “less-than-impressive” 矛盾，排除。
技巧：通过首段转折词 “But” 前的内容快速定位传统印象，注意形容词（如 uninteresting）的情感色彩。
9. 推理判断题：Which best describes ckery prgrammes n British TV?
关键词定位：“ckery prgrammes” 对应第二段 “TV chefs”“helped change what peple think” 及第三段 “encuraged them t try different fd”。
选项分析：
D. Influential（有影响力的）—— 与 “changed cking habits”“mre cnfident” 等表述一致，正确。
A. Authritative（权威的）、B. Creative（创意的）、C. Prfitable（盈利的）—— 文中未强调节目权威性、盈利性或创意本身，排除。
技巧：关注文中因果关系词（如 thanks t, help, encurage），通过结果反推节目特点。
10. 细节理解题：Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
关键词定位：“percentage”“mre diverse ingredients” 对应第三段 “Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients”。
选项分析：
D. 33%——“ne third” 约等于 33.3%，与选项 D 最接近，正确。
A. 20%（1/5）、B. 24%、C. 25%（1/4）—— 均对应文中其他数据，排除。
技巧：快速匹配分数与百分比（1/3≈33%，1/4=25%，1/5=20%），注意题干与原文的同义替换（wider variety = mre diverse）。
11. 推理判断题：What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
段落逻辑分析：末段最后一句提到 “With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger ‘uncl’ fr bys t like cking.”，话题聚焦于 “男性厨师”。
选项分析：
B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.（电视上的男性厨师）—— 与末段尾句衔接最紧密，正确。
A. 其他国家的烹饪艺术、C. 英国餐桌礼仪、D. 大胃王研究 —— 均与文章主题 “英国饮食与电视节目影响” 无关，排除。
技巧：段落推断题需关注尾段核心话题，正确选项通常与尾句关键词（如 male chefs）直接相关，避免过度引申。
总结：
文章主题：英国饮食从传统 “乏味” 向现代 “多元” 的转变，电视烹饪节目对公众烹饪习惯的影响。
解题核心：通过关键词定位（如 reputatin, TV chefs, percentage）和段落逻辑（如首段转折、末段延伸）快速破题，注意同义替换和情感色彩词的作用。
综合实战演练
Passage 1
（24-25高一下·湖北武汉·期末）Billinaire Carl Icahn has stepped up his fight with McDnald’s ver the welfare f pigs used in its fd chain. Mr Icahn, whse n-nnsense reputatin fr shaking-up cmpanies made him a Wall Street legend, has prpsed Leslie Samuelrich and Maisie Ganzler stand fr electin at the 2022 annual meeting. He wns nly 200 McDnald’s shares (股份), which gives him pwer t stir up fr change, thugh it was reprted that he was inspired by his daughter, an animal right activist wh has wrked fr the Humane Sciety.
McDnald’s says it has led the way in imprving animal welfare standards. The battle centers n claims abut pregnant pigs being kept in small crates (板条箱), a practice Mr Icahn said was “dirty”. He said McDnald’s had nt lived up t a prmise t stp the prk frm pigs hused in crates fr the pregnant, a practice targeted by animal lvers. He had asked all McDnald’s prk suppliers in the US t mve t “crate-free prk”, alng time-frames he had set.
Activist investrs such as Mr Icahn-ne f a handful f feared investrs said t have been the mdel fr Grdn Gekk in the 1987 mvie Wall Street-nrmally fcus n cmpanies they believe need restructuring.
McDnald’s prmised t stp rdering prk frm suppliers putting pregnant pigs in crates back in 2012. The firm said it had “led the industry” since then and abut a third f US prk suppliers have mved t grup husing systems. It said it expected t surce 85% t 90% f its prk frm these suppliers by the year’s end. All f the prk it buys will cme frm these suppliers by 2024.
McDnald’s said in a statement that it wuld cntinue t wrk with the industry t imprve standards, but that sme f Mr Icahn’s demands were unreasnable. It als nted that Mr Icahn was the majrity wner f Viskase, which makes and supplies packaging fr the prk and pultry industry. It added that he had “nt publicly called” n Viskase t make similar cmmitments.
1．What enables Mr Icahn t fight with McDnald’s?
A．His determinatin fr shaking-up cmpanies.B．His 200 McDnald’s shares.
C．His animal-lver daughter.D．His prpsal fr tw peple.
2．The underlined wrd “n-nnsense” in paragraph 1 prbably means ________.
A．humrus and easy-gingB．direct and seriusC．careless and lazyD．unlucky and pr
3．What prk des Mr Icahn recmmend?
A．Prk frm pigs raised by cnventin.B．Prk frm pigs kept in small crates.
C．Prk frm crate-free pigs.D．Prk frm pregnant pigs.
4．What has McDnald said?
A．All its prk will meet Mr Icahn’s standard this year.
B．It has becme N. 1 in the fd industry since 2012.
C．Mr Icahn shuld make the same demand fr Viskase.
D．It is unreasnable fr Mr Icahn t be an wner f Viskase
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了亿万富翁Carl Icahn为了猪的福利与麦当劳斗争的故事，他建议麦当劳采购非圈养的生猪。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He wns nly 200 McDnald’s shares (股份), which gives him pwer t stir up fr change, thugh it was reprted that he was inspired by his daughter, an animal right activist wh has wrked fr the Humane Sciety.(他只拥有200股麦当劳的股票，这给了他推动变革的权力，尽管据报道，他是受到女儿的启发，女儿是一名动物权利活动家，曾在人道协会工作)”可知，卡尔·伊坎拥有的200股麦当劳股票使他能够与麦当劳对抗。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Mr Icahn, whse n-nnsense reputatin fr shaking-up cmpanies made him a Wall Street legend, has prpsed Leslie Samuelrich and Maisie Ganzler stand fr electin at the 2022 annual meeting.(卡尔·伊坎以n-nnsense的作风而闻名，这使他成为了华尔街的传奇人物。他提议莱斯利·塞缪尔里奇和梅西·甘兹勒参加2022年年会的选举)”可知，卡尔·伊坎因重组公司而闻名，成为华尔街传奇，这种行事风格应是雷厉风行的，也就是直接而严肃的，因此可以推断出“n-nnsense”的意思是“直接而严肃的”。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He had asked all McDnald’s prk suppliers in the US t mve t “crate-free prk”, alng time-frames he had set.(他要求麦当劳在美国的所有猪肉供应商按照他设定的时间框架转向“无板条箱猪肉”)”可知，卡尔·伊坎推荐的是来自无板条箱猪的猪肉。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It als nted that Mr Icahn was the majrity wner f Viskase, which makes and supplies packaging fr the prk and pultry industry. It added that he had “nt publicly called” n Viskase t make similar cmmitments.(报告还指出，伊坎是Viskase的大股东，该公司为猪肉和家禽行业制造和供应包装材料。报告补充说，他没有“公开呼吁”Viskase做出类似的承诺)”可推知，麦当劳表示卡尔·伊坎应该对Viskase提出同样的要求。故选C。
Passage 2
（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）Fd is nt just a means f satisfying hunger; it is deeply intertwined with culture. It reflects the histry, traditins, values, and scial structures f a sciety. Fr example, in many Asian cultures, rice is a staple fd that has been cultivated fr thusands f years. The way rice is grwn, prepared, and served is an integral part f the culture. In Japan, the art f making sushi, which uses rice as a base, is highly regarded. Sushi-making invlves precise techniques and an understanding f the quality f ingredients. It is nt nly a culinary skill but als a cultural expressin that reflects the Japanese values f precisin, harmny, and respect fr nature.
In Western cultures, bread hlds a significant place. In France, the baguette is mre than just a type f bread; it is a symbl f French culture. The prcess f making a baguette requires patience and skill, frm kneading the dugh t baking it t a perfect glden-brwn crust. French peple ften enjy baguettes with cheese, butter, r cld cuts, and it is a cmmn sight t see them walking dwn the street with a freshly baked baguette under their arm. This simple yet icnic fd represents the French lve fr gd fd, their appreciatin fr the artisanal, and their relaxed lifestyle.
Fd als plays a crucial rle in cultural celebratins. In the United States, Thanksgiving is a majr hliday centered arund a large meal. The traditinal Thanksgiving dinner includes turkey, mashed ptates, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie. These fds are nt nly delicius but als have histrical and cultural significance. Turkey, fr example, was ne f the fds served at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621, symblizing the harvest and the cperatin between the Pilgrims and the Native Americans.
1．What des the example f sushi-making in Japan shw?
A．The imprtance f rice in Asian diets.B．The high-level culinary skills in Japan.
C．The reflectin f Japanese culture in fd.D．The ppularity f sushi in Japan.
2．Why is the baguette imprtant in French culture?
A．It is the mst ppular fd in France.B．It represents French cultural values.
C．It is easy t make and widely available.D．It is ften served with ther delicius fds.
3．What can we learn abut Thanksgiving fd in the United States?
A．It has n special cultural meaning.B．It is mainly abut enjying delicius fd.
C．It symblizes histrical events and cperatin.D．It has changed a lt ver the years.
4．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．The variety f staple fds in different cultures.B．The rle f fd in cultural celebratins.
C．The imprtance f fd in different cuntries.D．The deep cnnectin between fd and culture.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍食物与文化紧密相连，能反映社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Japan, the art f making sushi, which uses rice as a base, is highly regarded. Sushi-making invlves precise techniques and an understanding f the quality f ingredients. It is nt nly a culinary skill but als a cultural expressin that reflects the Japanese values f precisin, harmny, and respect fr nature.(在日本，以米饭为基础的寿司制作艺术备受推崇。寿司制作涉及精确的技巧和对食材质量的了解。它不仅是一种烹饪技巧，也是一种文化表达，反映了日本人对精确、和谐和尊重自然的价值观。)”可知，日本寿司制作的例子表明食物中反映了日本文化。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In France, the baguette is mre than just a type f bread; it is a symbl f French culture. (在法国，法棍面包不仅仅是一种面包，它是法国文化的象征。)”以及“This simple yet icnic fd represents the French lve fr gd fd, their appreciatin fr the artisanal, and their relaxed lifestyle.(这种简单而标志性的食物代表了法国人对美食的热爱，对手工艺的欣赏，以及他们轻松的生活方式。)”可知，法棍面包在法国文化中很重要是因为它代表了法国的文化价值观。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“These fds are nt nly delicius but als have histrical and cultural significance. Turkey, fr example, was ne f the fds served at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621, symblizing the harvest and the cperatin between the Pilgrims and the Native Americans.(这些食物不仅美味，而且具有历史和文化意义。例如，火鸡是1621年第一次感恩节盛宴上供应的食物之一，象征着收获和清教徒与美洲原住民之间的合作。)”可知，美国的感恩节食物象征着历史事件和合作。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Fd is nt just a means f satisfying hunger; it is deeply intertwined with culture. It reflects the histry, traditins, values, and scial structures f a sciety.(食物不仅仅是满足饥饿的一种手段，它与文化深深交织在一起。它反映了一个社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。)”可知，这篇文章的主要思想是食物和文化之间的深层联系。故选D项。
Passage 3
（山西省阳泉市2024~2025学年高一下学期期末英语试题）Hw t Make Hmemade Fd
Making hmemade fd is a great way t save mney and eat well. Here are ways t make yur wn fd.
1
Every hme chef needs t knw sme basic skills, like hw t chp (切) vegetables, bil an egg, and ck rice. These skills will take yu far if yu spend sme time learning them nw befre trying mre cmplicated recipes (菜谱).
Learn kitchen safety t prtect yurself and thers.
Kitchen safety is abut bvius abut bvius dangers, such as cutting yurself with a knife r burning yurself n the stve. 2 Since we ften ignre them, it becmes crucial t seek ut mre knwledge. Explre vides abut kitchen safety t help yu learn things.
Find recipes nline and thrugh cking apps.
When yu’re just starting ut, a recipe is a gd place t begin. 3 It can be a great way t get started when yu dn’t have much experience. Cking apps put the recipes at the tips f yur fingers, and yu can save yur favrite recipes fr later.
Be creative!
4 A recipe is just a guide, and yu have t develp the knwledge t knw when yu need t fllw that guide and when nt t. Make yur wn rules in the kitchen.
Be prepared fr mistakes, but dn’t wrry abut them.
Mistakes are ging t happen in the kitchen. Try t crrect them if yu can. If yu can’t fix them, laugh them ff and learn frm yur mistake! If yu want t try a new recipe, practice when yu have the time, such as n the weekend. 5 With much practice, yu’ll gain cnfidence and skill, turning hmemade cking int a rewarding and enjyable part f yur life.
A．It’s kay t change the recipe.
B．Dn’t cmpletely change yur recipe.
C．Try watching vides t learn the basics.
D．Lk fr simple recipes that yu’d like t try.
E．Hwever, it’s als abut the less bvius dangers.
F．Wrk n yur basic skills t imprve yur cking.
G．Dn’t try it ut when yu are ging t be feeding a crwd.
【答案】1．F 2．E 3．D 4．A 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了如何制作自制食物的方法和建议。
1．根据下文“Every hme chef needs t knw sme basic skills, like hw t chp (切) vegetables, bil an egg, and ck rice.(每个家庭厨师都需要知道一些基本技能，比如如何切蔬菜、煮鸡蛋和煮米饭)”可知，每个家庭厨师都需要知道一些基本技能，比如如何切菜、煮鸡蛋和煮米饭。F项“提升你的厨艺需要练习基本技能。”符合语境，引出下文。故选F。
2．根据上文“Kitchen safety is abut bvius abut bvius dangers, such as cutting yurself with a knife r burning yurself n the stve. (厨房安全涉及明显的危险，比如用刀割伤自己或在炉子上烫伤自己)”可知，这句话列举了厨房中一些显而易见的安全隐患。E项“然而，它也涉及不太明显的危险。”符合语境，与上文形成转折关系，说明厨房安全不仅仅涉及这些明显的危险，还包括一些不那么容易被注意到的风险。故选E。
3．根据上文“When yu’re just starting ut, a recipe is a gd place t begin. (当你刚开始学做饭时，食谱是一个很好的起点)”可知，当你刚开始时，食谱是一个好的起点。D项“寻找你想尝试的简单食谱。”符合语境，承接上文，说明初学者应该寻找一些简单且自己感兴趣的食谱来尝试，这样更容易上手并增加学习的乐趣。故选D。
4．上文“Be creative! (发挥创造力！)”可知，要有创造力！再根据下文“A recipe is just a guide, and yu have t develp the knwledge t knw when yu need t fllw that guide and when nt t. (食谱只是一个指南，你必须发展自己的知识，知道什么时候需要遵循指南，什么时候不需要)”可知，食谱只是一个指南。A项“可以改变食谱。”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。
5．根据上文“If yu want t try a new recipe, practice when yu have the time, such as n the weekend. (如果你想尝试一种新的食谱，在你有时间的时候练习，比如在周末)”可知，如果你想尝试一个新食谱，在你有时间的时候练习，比如周末。G项“不要在你要招待很多人的时候尝试。”符合语境，承接上文。故选G。
Passage 4
（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）Pizza, ne f the mst ppular fds wrldwide, has a lng and rich histry that is clsely tied t Italian culture. Its rigins can be traced back t ancient civilizatins. In ancient Greece, peple baked flatbreads with varius tppings, which were a precursr t mdern-day pizza. Hwever, it was in Naples, Italy, that pizza as we knw it tday truly tk shape.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Naples was a bustling city with a large wrking-class ppulatin. Pizza became a ppular and affrdable meal fr the lcals. These early pizzas were simple, with a basic dugh tpped with tmates, cheese, and smetimes herbs. They were ften sld by street vendrs and eaten n the g.
The turning pint fr pizza’s ppularity came in 1889 when a Neaplitan pizza maker named Raffaele Espsit created a special pizza fr the visit f King Umbert I and Queen Margherita f Italy. T represent the clrs f the Italian flag, he used tmates (red), mzzarella cheese (white), and basil (green). This pizza, named Pizza Margherita, nt nly became an instant favrite f the ryal cuple but als a symbl f Italian natinal identity.
As Italians immigrated t ther parts f the wrld, especially the United States, they brught their lve fr pizza with them. In the early 20th century, the first pizzerias pened in American cities like New Yrk. Initially, pizza was mainly ppular amng Italian - American cmmunities. But ver time, with marketing effrts and the increasing acceptance f diverse cuisines, pizza became a mainstream fd in America. Tday, pizza is a glbal phenmenn, with cuntless variatins in tppings, crust styles, and cking methds. Frm the thin - crust New Yrk - style pizza t the deep - dish Chicag - style pizza, each regin has put its wn spin n this classic dish.
1．What was the precursr f mdern-day pizza?
A．Ancient Greek flatbreads with tppings.B．Neaplitan street-sld bread.
C．The bread baked by Raffaele Espsit.D．The fd sld in early American pizzerias.
2．Why did Raffaele Espsit create Pizza Margherita?
A．T make a pizza fr the wrking-class.B．T shw his baking skills.
C．T represent the clrs f the Italian flag.D．T create a new type f pizza fr sale.
3．Hw did pizza becme ppular in America?
A．Italian immigrants intrduced it and marketing effrts helped.
B．American peple traveled t Italy and brught it back.
C．American pizzerias sld it at a very lw price.
D．The ryal cuple f Italy recmmended it t Americans.
4．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Pizza has always been ppular all ver the wrld.
B．Different regins have different styles f pizza.
C．The riginal pizza had a lt f cmplex tppings.
D．Pizza is the mst ppular fd in the United States.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了披萨的历史渊源、发展过程以及在全球范围内的流行和多样化。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In ancient Greece, peple baked flatbreads with varius tppings, which were a precursr t mdern-day pizza. (在古希腊，人们烤制带有各种配料的薄饼，这是现代披萨的前身)”可知，现代披萨的前身是古希腊带有配料的薄饼。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“T represent the clrs f the Italian flag, he used tmates (red), mzzarella cheese (white), and basil (green). This pizza, named Pizza Margherita, nt nly became an instant favrite f the ryal cuple but als a symbl f Italian natinal identity. (为了代表意大利国旗的颜色，他使用了西红柿（红色）、马苏里拉奶酪（白色）和罗勒（绿色）。这款名为玛格丽塔披萨的披萨不仅迅速成为这对皇室夫妇的最爱，也是意大利民族身份的象征)”可知，拉斐尔·埃斯波西托创作玛格丽特披萨是为了代表意大利国旗的颜色。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As Italians immigrated t ther parts f the wrld, especially the United States, they brught their lve fr pizza with them. In the early 20th century, the first pizzerias pened in American cities like New Yrk. Initially, pizza was mainly ppular amng Italian - American cmmunities. But ver time, with marketing effrts and the increasing acceptance f diverse cuisines, pizza became a mainstream fd in America. (当意大利人移民到世界其他地区，尤其是美国时，他们带来了对披萨的热爱。20世纪初，第一家披萨店在纽约等美国城市开业。最初，披萨主要在意大利裔美国人社区流行。但随着时间的推移，随着营销的努力和人们对各种美食的日益接受，披萨成为美国的主流食物)”可知，披萨在美国流行起来是因为意大利移民的引入以及营销努力的帮助。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Tday, pizza is a glbal phenmenn, with cuntless variatins in tppings, crust styles, and cking methds. Frm the thin-crust New Yrk-style pizza t the deep-dish Chicag-style pizza, each regin has put its wn spin n this classic dish. (如今，披萨已成为一种全球现象，配料、饼底风格和烹饪方法都有无数种变化。从薄饼底的纽约风格披萨到深盘芝加哥风格披萨，每个地区都为这道经典菜肴赋予了自己的特色)”可知，不同地区有不同风格的披萨。故选B项。
Passage 5
（24-25高一下·浙江丽水·期末）Have yu ever wndered why yu chse ne fd ver anther? Scientists in Australia have made an interesting discvery. They fund that what we see right befre lking at fd can influence ur fd decisins. This finding culd change hw we market fd, design restaurant menus, and even treat eating disrders.
Prfessr David Alais frm the University f Sydney led the study. His team ran an experiment with 600 peple. They shwed the participants hundreds f fd images ne by ne. The participants had t mve a slider and click t rate hw attractive the fd lked and guess its calrie cntent.
After analyzing the results carefully, they discvered smething called serial dependence (序列依赖). This means that if yu saw a fd yu really liked r thught had a high calrie cunt, yu were mre likely t rate the next fd higher than yu nrmally wuld. On the ther hand, if the previus fd didn’t lk gd t yu, the next ne wuld prbably get a lwer rating. This effect is autmatic (自动的), just like when the wind blws n yur skin r yu see a bright red flash. It’s related t hw ur senses wrk, and it’s cnnected t a part f the brain that scientists have nly recently learned abut.
This culd affect hw we make chices n delivery apps r digital restaurant menus, where cnsumers are faced with fd decisins based n many images f fd. Maybe the fd that seems mre attractive isn’t really the ne we want the mst. It culd be because the previus image made it seem better. Restaurants and marketers can als benefit frm this knwledge. Restaurants can arrange their menus t make custmers like mre prfitable dishes. Fr example, they can put high-prfit items after sme really attractive fd pictures.
After further research is carried ut, this culd als be used in the treatment f eating disrders. They can use this “simple sensry prcess” t help thse wh vereat r undereat change the way they think abut fd.
1．What were the participants expected t d in the study?
A．Grade the appearance f the fd.
B．Design suitable restaurant menus.
C．Guess the calrie f the eaten fd.
D．Click n the attractive fd images.
2．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．Hw serial dependence is applied.
B．Hw serial dependence wrks.
C．What influences serial dependence.
D．What causes serial dependence.
3．Hw can restaurants make prfits accrding t paragraph 4?
A．By chsing pretty fd images.
B．By arranging free delivery services.
C．By making decisins fr custmers.
D．By adjusting the sequence f items.
4．Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．New Reasns Why We Make Fd Chices
B．Imprtant Facts abut Our Fd Marketing
C．Several Gd Ways t Treat Eating Disrder
D．The Unusual Discverer f Serial Dependence
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚科学家发现，人们看到的上一张食物图片会无意识地影响对下一张的评分，即存在序列依赖效应，这一机制可应用于菜单设计、营销策略及饮食障碍治疗。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They shwed the participants hundreds f fd images ne by ne. The participants had t mve a slider and click t rate hw attractive the fd lked and guess its calrie cntent. (研究人员向参与者逐一展示数百张食物图片。参与者需滑动滑块并点击，以评估食物的吸引力并猜测其热量)”可知，参与者被要求对食物外观进行评分。故选A项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“This means that if yu saw a fd yu really liked r thught had a high calrie cunt, yu were mre likely t rate the next fd higher than yu nrmally wuld. On the ther hand, if the previus fd didn’t lk gd t yu, the next ne wuld prbably get a lwer rating. This effect is autmatic (自动的), just like when the wind blws n yur skin r yu see a bright red flash. It’s related t hw ur senses wrk, and it’s cnnected t a part f the brain that scientists have nly recently learned abut. (这意味着，如果你看到一种特别喜欢的食物或认为高热量的食物，你对下一道食物的评分往往会比平时更高。反之，如果前一道食物看起来不怎么样，你对下一道的评分可能就会偏低。这种影响是自动产生的——就像风吹过皮肤或眼前闪过一道红光那样自然。它与我们的感官运作方式有关，且与科学家近年才发现的大脑区域存在关联)”可知，该段核心在解释serial dependence“序列依赖”的作用机制：前一张图片如何影响后一张的评分，并强调其自动性和感官关联性。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Restaurants can arrange their menus t make custmers like mre prfitable dishes. Fr example, they can put high-prfit items after sme really attractive fd pictures. (餐馆可以调整菜单，让顾客喜欢利润更高的菜肴。例如，他们可以把高利润的产品放在一些非常吸引人的食物图片后面)”可知，餐厅可以通过调整菜单顺序来获利。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Have yu ever wndered why yu chse ne fd ver anther? Scientists in Australia have made an interesting discvery. They fund that what we see right befre lking at fd can influence ur fd decisins. (你有没有想过为什么自己会选择某种食物？澳大利亚的科学家们有了一个有趣的发现：在我们看到食物前一刻所见的画面，会影响我们对食物的选择)”可知，文章围绕澳大利亚科学家的一项研究展开，该研究发现，人们看到的上一张食物图片会无意识地影响对下一张的评分，即存在序列依赖效应，这解释了我们会选择某种食物的原因。因此，A项“我们选择食物的新原因”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
Passage 6
（24-25高二下·浙江温州·期末）Cca-Cla will be using ver 4.1 billin kilgrams f plastic a year by the year 2030, unless it stps using single-use plastic, accrding t a reprt frm the cnservatin rganizatin Oceana.
Oceana als estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 millin kilgrams f Cca-Cla’s plastic packaging will be plluting the wrld’s ceans and waterways. The reprt says that this is enugh plastic t fill the stmachs f 18 millin blue whales. Oceana made its estimates using Cca-Cla’s wn reprted data n its use f plastic packaging between 2018 and 2023, and a frecast f the cmpany’s future sales grwth based n past trends.
A 2024 study fund that Cca-Cla is already the wrld’s wrst plastic-plluting brand. Oceana says the prblem is Cca-Cla’s use f single-use plastic instead f reusable packaging. Reusable bttles can be used up t 25 times if made f thicker plastic, and up t 50 times if made f glass. Cca-Cla previusly had a gal f using 25% reusable packaging by 2030, but annunced that it had given up that gal at the end f 2024.
Instead, the cmpany says it will increase the use f recycled plastic in its packaging and increase cllectin f single-use plastic bttles fr further recycling. Hwever, Oceana says that relying n the use f recycled materials and cllectin f plastic fr recycling wn’t reduce the great influence f Cca-Cla’ s plastic ftprint.
The rganizatin’s Senir Vice President Matt Littlejhn said: “Single-use plastic is bad fr the ceans, human health, and business. Recycling can’t slve the cmpany’s ut-f-cntrl plastic prblem. Reuse can.” He added, “Single-use plastic bttles made with recycled cntent can — just like bttles made f virgin plastic — still becme marine pllutin and harm cean life.” As well as harming sea life, plastic use is als harmful fr human health. Several studies have cnnected plastic pllutin and micrplastics t serius health cnditins, such as cancer, heart disease and dementia. Oceana suggests Cca-Cla shuld take real actin that can address its plastic prblem nw, namely replacing single-use packaging with reusable packaging.
1．What was Cca-Cla’s riginal plan fr 2030?
A．T use 25% reusable packaging.
B．T stp all plastic bttle prductin.
C．T recycle 100% f its plastic waste.
D．T replace plastics with glass bttles.
2．What is Oceana’s attitude tward Cca-Cla’s recycled plastic plicy?
A．Supprtive.B．Critical.C．Reserved.D．Indifferent.
3．What can we infer accrding t Matt Littlejhn?
A．Blue whales are the mst affected by plastic waste.
B．Reusable packaging is a better slutin than recycling.
C．Micrplastics mainly cme frm nn-recycled bttles.
D．Cca-Cla’s new plan will slve plastic pllutin effectively.
4．Which is the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A．Hw t Stp Ocean Pllutin.
B．Cca-Cla’s New Reusable Plan.
C．A Grwing Threat f Plastic Bttles.
D．Cca-Cla’s Plastic Pllutin Prblem.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了保护组织Oceana的报告指出可口可乐公司塑料污染问题严重，分析原因并建议其用可重复使用包装取代一次性包装。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Cca-Cla previusly had a gal f using 25% reusable packaging by 2030, but annunced that it had given up that gal at the end f 203.(可口可乐此前的目标是到2030年使用25%的可重复使用包装，但在203年底宣布放弃了这一目标)”可知，可口可乐2030年的原计划是使用25%的可重复使用包装。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Hwever, Oceana says that relying n the use f recycled materials and cllectin f plastic fr recycling wn’t reduce the great influence f Cca-Cla’s plastic ftprint.(然而，Oceana表示，依靠使用回收材料和收集塑料进行回收利用，并不能减少可口可乐塑料足迹的巨大影响)”可知，Oceana认为可口可乐的回收塑料政策不能解决问题，所以会对其持批判态度。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中Matt Littlejhn认的话“Single-use plastic is bad fr the ceans, human health, and business. Recycling can’t slve the cmpany’s ut f cntrl plastic prblem. Reuse can.(一次性塑料对海洋、人类健康和企业都有害。回收利用无法解决该公司失控的塑料问题。重复使用可以)”和“Single-use plastic bttles made with recycled cntent can — just like bttles made f virgin plastic — still becme marine pllutin and harm cean life.(用回收材料制成的一次性塑料瓶——就像用原生塑料制成的瓶子一样——仍然会污染海洋，危害海洋生物)”可知，Matt Littlejhn认为回收利用无法解决失控的塑料问题，用回收材料制成的塑料制品仍然会污染海洋，危害海洋生物，所以可重复使用包装是更好的解决方案。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Cca-Cla will be using ver 4.1 billin kilgrams f plastic a year by the year 2030, unless it stps using single-use plastic, accrding t a reprt frm the cnservatin rganizatin Oceana.(保护组织Oceana的一份报告称，到2030年，可口可乐每年将使用超过41亿公斤的塑料，除非它停止使用一次性塑料)”和第三段中“Oceana says the prblem is Cca-Cla’s use f single-use plastic instead f reusable packaging.(Oceana表示，问题在于可口可乐使用一次性塑料而不是可重复使用的包装)”可知，本文主要围绕可口可乐的塑料污染问题展开，分析了原因并建议其用可重复使用包装取代一次性包装。故D项“Cca-Cla’s Plastic Pllutin Prblem(可口可乐的塑料污染问题)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。
Passage 7
（23-24高三上·广东江门·期中）Tea drinking started in China ver 4000 years ag. Tea is made frm leaves. These days, sme peple drink tea fr health, using it t help with stress r lsing weight.
Hwever, mst peple in tea-drinking cuntries think f tea as mre than just a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in sme cuntries is a part f the culture. In Turkey, tea is always there when peple meet. Whether in smene’s hme r a cmpany, tea is always ffered as a way f welcming. In the UK, hmes and ffices usually have tea time. Tea and ther dishes are served at tea time in the afternn. It is a way f relaxing with friends r c-wrkers.
Cffee came much later than tea, just ver 1000 years ag. Cffee is made frm beans. Smething in the cffee beans makes a persn feel active. Mst peple d nt drink cffee t relax. Instead, they drink cffee t get ging. Many peple drink cffee in the mrning t help them wake up. Others will als drink cffee during shrt breaks in the afternn t keep ging thrugh the wrking day. Sme peple may visit cffee shps just t meet and talk with friends. Hwever, many peple in cffee shps drink cffee while wrking n their cmputers.
Is tea r cffee mre cmmn in yur cuntry? Between the tw, which d yu like t drink mre?
1．Where did tea drinking start?
A．In Japan.B．In China.C．In TurkeyD．In the UK.
2．We can learn frm Paragraph 2 that peple in the UK ________.
A．drink tea t get fatB．ffer tea t say gdbye
C．think f tea as a bad drinkD．have tea t relax themselves
3．What is cffee made frm?
A．Leaves.B．Sugar.C．Dishes.D．Beans.
4．Which f the fllwing is NOT true accrding t Paragraph 3?
A．Cffee came much earlier than tea.
B．Many peple drink cffee t wake up.
C．Many peple wrk n their cmputers in cffee shps.
D．Sme peple meet and talk with friends in cffee shps
5．What is the best title f the passage?
A．The Smells f Tea and Cffee
B．The Prices f Tea and Cffee
C．The different Cultures f Tea and Cffee
D．The Different Ways f Making Tea and Cffee
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文体裁为说明文，主要讲述茶和咖啡的起源、制作材料、在不同国家的文化意义以及人们的饮用习惯差异。文章通过对比茶与咖啡的历史背景、社会功能和文化内涵，突出了它们在日常生活中的角色。
1．细节理解题。由第一段“Tea drinking started in China ver 4000 years ag. Tea is made frm leaves. (饮茶始于4000多年前的中国。茶是用叶子制成的。)”可知，茶饮起源于中国。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。由第二段“In the UK, hmes and ffices usually have tea time. Tea and ther dishes are served at tea time in the afternn. It is a way f relaxing with friends r c-wrkers. (在英国，家庭和办公室通常都有喝茶的时间。下午茶时间供应茶和其他菜肴。这是一种与朋友或同事放松的方式。)”可知，英国人们喝茶是为了放松自己。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。由第三段“Cffee is made frm beans. (咖啡是用豆子做的。)”可知，咖啡由豆子制成。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。由第一段“Tea drinking started in China ver 4000 years ag. Tea is made frm leaves. (饮茶始于4000多年前的中国。茶是用叶子制成的。)”和第三段“Cffee came much later than tea, just ver 1000 years ag. (咖啡比茶来得晚得多，大约在1000多年前。)”可知，A项“咖啡比茶来得早得多。”错误。故选A项。
5．主旨大意题。文章核心围绕茶和咖啡的文化差异与饮用习惯，如茶在土耳其和英国的文化仪式、咖啡的提神功能和社会场景。选项C“The different Cultures f Tea and Cffee (茶和咖啡的不同文化)”全面涵盖主题。故选C项。
Passage 8
（24-25高一下·上海·阶段练习）Tea fr Tw Times the Price
There is s little Turks agree n these days that even settling n the cuntry’s natinal drink is hard. Secularists pick raki, a wine best had with baked fish and music. Religius cnservatives, including President Recep Tayyip Erdgan, insist n a milky and nn-alchlic drink called ayran.
1 An average Turk gets thrugh abut 3.5kg f tea every year, r almst fur glasses a day, ahead f every ther cuntry including Britain, India, China and Russia. Turkey is als the wrld’s sixth-biggest prducer f the leaf. N ne has ever entered a huse r a gvernment ffice in Turkey withut being ffered a glass. (Cups are fr cffee, r fr turists.)
Nw change is taking place in an ancient industry. The gvernment is ffering subsidies (补贴) t tea farmers wh g rganic, hping that freigners will then pay mre fr Turkish tea. 2
At ne f the cmpany’s factries near Rize, a drab city brdered n ne side by the sea and by muntains cvered in green carpets f tea n the ther, the manager, Kksal Kasapglu, says the plicy has already wrked. Organic prductin at Caykur has sht up frm under 100 acres a decade ag t abut 10,000 tday, abut 5% f the ttal area under cultivatin, he says.
Sme peple we the ppularity f tea in Turkey largely t price. 3 Many Turks chse the new drink ver cffee, which they had been drinking fr centuries, but which had becme hard t affrd.
4 Partly because rganically grwn tea requires mre land t prduce the same amunt f crp, it csts rughly twice as much as the standard kind. Taxpayers’ cash can n dubt persuade many farmers t g rganic. But with the ecnmy declining, cnvincing Turkish tea-drinkers t buy the stuff will be harder.
A．What if Turks can affrd rganic tea?
B．A gd thing, then, that there is tea, arund which all can unite.
C．In the secnd half f the 19th century, when tea arrived in the Ottman empire, the ecnmy was in decline.
D．Price is just as imprtant tday.
E．Tea wasn’t Turks’ favurite until recently.
F．The state tea cmpany, Caykur, the cuntry’s largest prducer, will turn entirely t rganic farming by 2025.
G．The gvernment has banned the prductin f nn-rganic tea t prmte health.
【答案】1．B 2．F 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了土耳其人热爱喝茶，政府正推动茶叶有机种植以提高出口价格，但有机茶叶成本高，且在经济不景气时，说服土耳其人购买将更具挑战性。
1．由上文“There is s little Turks agree n these days that even settling n the cuntry’s natinal drink is hard. Secularists pick raki, a wine best had with baked fish and music. Religius cnservatives, including President Recep Tayyip Erdgan, insist n a milky and nn-alchlic drink called ayran. (如今，土耳其人在诸多事情上难以达成共识，甚至连确定该国的国饮都颇费周折。世俗主义者偏爱拉克酒，这种酒搭配烤鱼和音乐饮用最佳。而包括总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安在内的宗教保守派则坚持要喝一种名为ayran的乳白色无酒精饮料。)”可知，土耳其人在选择国饮上存在分歧，下文“An average Turk gets thrugh abut 3.5kg f tea every year, r almst fur glasses a day, ahead f every ther cuntry including Britain, India, China and Russia. (土耳其人平均每年消费约3.5公斤茶叶，即每天近四杯，超过了包括英国、印度、中国和俄罗斯在内的所有其他国家。)”则说明土耳其人茶叶消费量很大，因此本空应起到承上启下的作用，强调茶叶是土耳其人都能接受的。B选项“A gd thing, then, that there is tea, arund which all can unite. (好在还有茶，能让所有人团结起来。)”符合题意。故选B。
2．由上文“The gvernment is ffering subsidies (补贴) t tea farmers wh g rganic, hping that freigners will then pay mre fr Turkish tea. (政府正在为种植有机茶叶的茶农提供补贴，希望外国人能因此为土耳其茶叶支付更高的价格。)”可知，政府正在推动茶叶的有机种植，因此本空应继续说明有机种植的计划或行动。F选项“The state tea cmpany, Caykur, the cuntry’s largest prducer, will turn entirely t rganic farming by 2025. (国家茶叶公司Caykur是该国最大的茶叶生产商，到2025年将完全转向有机农业。)”符合题意。故选F。
3．由下文“Many Turks chse the new drink ver cffee, which they had been drinking fr centuries, but which had becme hard t affrd. (许多土耳其人选择了这种新饮料，而不是他们已经喝了几个世纪的咖啡，因为咖啡已经变得难以负担。)”可知，许多土耳其人选择了茶叶而不是咖啡，因为咖啡变得难以负担，因此本空应说明茶叶在土耳其变得受欢迎的原因与经济有关。C选项“In the secnd half f the 19th century, when tea arrived in the Ottman empire, the ecnmy was in decline. (19世纪下半叶，当茶叶传入奥斯曼帝国时，经济正在衰退。)”符合题意。故选C。
4．由下文“Partly because rganically grwn tea requires mre land t prduce the same amunt f crp, it csts rughly twice as much as the standard kind. (部分原因是有机种植的茶叶需要更多的土地来生产相同数量的作物，因此它的成本大约是标准茶叶的两倍。)”可知，有机茶叶的成本大约是标准茶叶的两倍，因此本空应强调价格因素对茶叶消费的影响。D选项“Price is just as imprtant tday. (如今，价格同样重要。)”符合题意。故选D。
茶类与饮品
茶具与动作
文化与习俗
black tea 红茶
green tea 绿茶
herbal tea 花草茶
milk tea 奶茶
bubble tea 珍珠奶茶
tea set 茶具
tea kettle 茶壶
brew tea 沏茶
steep tea 泡茶
pur tea 倒茶
tea ceremny 茶道
tea party 茶会
high tea 晚餐茶（搭配热食）
tea culture 茶文化
tea huse 茶馆
英文词汇 / 短语
中文解释
拓展用法 / 例句
less-than-impressive
不太令人印象深刻的
反义词：impressive（令人印象深刻的）
cuisine [kwɪˈziːn]
烹饪；菜肴
French cuisine 法国菜；a cuisine expert 烹饪专家
tp class chefs
顶级厨师
tp 在此为形容词，意为 “顶尖的”；也可作动词，如 tp the list（位居榜首）
recipe bks
食谱书
recipe [ˈresəpi] n. 食谱；秘诀
turn away frm
远离；放弃
同义短语：abandn, give up n
meat-and-tw-veg
肉和两种蔬菜（英国传统饮食）
典型英式家常菜，如烤牛肉配土豆和胡萝卜
ready-made meals
即食食品
ready-made adj. 现成的；meals 可替换为 fds
adventurus [ədˈventʃərəs]
富有冒险精神的；创新的
在文中指尝试新食材或烹饪方法：an adventurus ck 勇于创新的厨师
ingredients [ɪnˈɡriːdiənts]
配料；原料
烹饪类核心词汇，如 main ingredients 主要原料
bsessin [əbˈseʃn]
痴迷；热衷
搭配：bsessin with sth. 对…… 的痴迷；形容词：bsessed（be bsessed with）
bradcast [ˈbrɔːdkæst]
播出；广播
过去式 / 过去分词：bradcast 或 bradcasted
语篇
题型
体裁
词数
内容简介
Passage 1
阅读理解
新闻报道
344
文章讲述了亿万富翁Carl Icahn为了猪的福利与麦当劳斗争的故事，他建议麦当劳采购非圈养的生猪。
Passage 2
阅读理解
说明文
293
文章主要介绍食物与文化紧密相连，能反映社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。
Passage 3
七选五
说明文
295
本文介绍了如何制作自制食物的方法和建议。
Passage 4
阅读理解
说明文
302
本文主要介绍了披萨的历史渊源、发展过程以及在全球范围内的流行和多样化。
Passage 5
阅读理解
说明文
346
文章介绍了澳大利亚科学家发现，人们看到的上一张食物图片会无意识地影响对下一张的评分，即存在序列依赖效应，这一机制可应用于菜单设计、营销策略及饮食障碍治疗。
Passage 6
阅读理解
说明文
341
文章主要讲述了保护组织Oceana的报告指出可口可乐公司塑料污染问题严重，分析原因并建议其用可重复使用包装取代一次性包装。
Passage 7
阅读理解
说明文
233
文章主要讲述茶和咖啡的起源、制作材料、在不同国家的文化意义以及人们的饮用习惯差异。文章通过对比茶与咖啡的历史背景、社会功能和文化内涵，突出了它们在日常生活中的角色。
Passage 8
七选五
说明文
307
文章主要讲述了土耳其人热爱喝茶，政府正推动茶叶有机种植以提高出口价格，但有机茶叶成本高，且在经济不景气时，说服土耳其人购买将更具挑战性。