高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习选择性必修第三册　UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE

这是一份高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习选择性必修第三册　UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE，共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，共20分)等内容，欢迎下载使用。
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
Here is an episde f my nephew Tm wh leads a thrughly decent and csy life and has hardly met with sme cruel adversities．Hwever, dreaming f adventures, he 1.reslved t jin an expeditin advertised n a website.Unfrtunately, his applicatin was turned dwn．Being nt 2.qualified but full f vigur, perseverance and passin，he didn't give up his dream.S he jined the navy and was assigned t be a steward with lw wages．On a bitter cld day，he went abard a ship bund fr the Atlantic Ocean and began his vyage．The crew all liked Tm because he was genuine，enthusiastic, gd－tempered and lyal and wasn't 3.selfish．He ften played the banj fr recreatin．But ne day the ship gt crushed n a huge iceberg.The ship sank and the sailrs threw away their 4.belngings including stves，blankets，bats，cupbards and ther furniture．Finally，they had t abandn their ship and climbed nt an island where they made fire t dry their clthes.They survived depending n their 5.endurance．Later, they were saved.It has been a 6.miserable experience t Tm, but at the same time it brught ut Tm's best qualities in the face f adversity.
eq \a()
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
eq \a()重难考点
1 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的(→enthusiasm n．热情，热心→enthusiastically adv.热心地；满腔热情地)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)…even if yu haven't been an enthusiastic (enthusiasm)exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
②Mre is enthusiastic abut the candy she created, and she's als psitive abut what the future might bring.
③Peple there were very enthusiastic t tell (tell) me stries abut hw Xuanzang studied in that area.
[能力提升]——微写作
④得知您对我校书法俱乐部充满热情，我很高兴向您详细介绍。
Learning that yu are enthusiastic abut the Calligraphy Club in ur schl, I'm delighted t intrduce it t yu in detail.(告知信)
eq \a()
(1)be/becme enthusiastic abut (ding) sth.
热衷于(做)某事；对(做)某事热心
be enthusiastic t d sth. 热衷于做某事
(2)enthusiasm fr 对……的热爱
with enthusiasm 热情洋溢；狂热地
[语料积累] ①His small, rather piggy eyes glitter with enthusiasm．(外貌、神态描写)
他那双很像猪眼的小眼睛里闪烁着热情洋溢的光芒。
②I am full f enthusiasm, which makes me qualified fr the vluntary wrk advertised in the newspaper.(申请信)
我充满热情，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。
2 assign vt.分派；布置；分配[→assignment n．(分派的)工作，任务；(工作等的)分派，布置]
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①As is ften the case, the teacher ften assigns a different task t each f the children in her class.
②(译林版选必三U4)Assigned (assign) by the emperr，the ambassadr Zhang Qian jurneyed frm Chang'an t Central Asia，seeking t build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regins.
③After graduating frm the university in 2023, he was assigned (assign) t a remte place t wrk.
[能力提升]——微写作
④到达公园后，学生们被分成几个小组，并被分配不同的任务。
When arriving at the park, the students were divided int several grups and assigned different tasks．(活动介绍)
eq \a()
assign sb.t d sth. 指派某人做某事
assign sth.t sb.(＝assign sb.sth.)
将某物分配给某人
be assigned t 被指派；被分配给……
[语料积累] ①Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments during the curse.(活动介绍)
学生将在课程中分组完成四项作业。
②They are vlunteered t be assigned t teach in rural areas because they are eager t help develp rural educatin.(人物介绍)
他们自愿被分配到农村地区当老师，因为他们很希望帮助发展农村地区的教育。
3 abandn vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n．放纵；放任(→abandned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)The ne in the new envirnment shuld be sympathetic t the fact that yur friend may feel abandned (abandn)．
②The ld huse n the crner f Maple Street was abandned (abandn) years ag and nw stands in ruins.
③Unfrtunately，the crew abandned carrying (carry) ut the experiment fr lack f fund.
[能力提升]——微写作
④那些女孩子跳上跳下，尽情地挥舞着手臂。
The girls jumped up and dwn and waved their arms with abandn．(动作描写)
eq \a()
(1)abandn (ding) sth. 放弃(做)某事
abandn neself t(＝be abandned t)
沉湎于……
(2)with abandn 纵情地；恣意地
[语料积累] ①It is unwise f us t abandn urselves t/be abandned t the past glry.(主旨升华)
我们沉湎于过去的辉煌是不明智的。
②He began t cry in earnest，abandning himself t a strm f weeping, sbbing against his flded arms.(动作、情感描写)
他开始真的哭了起来，双手抱在胸前，嚎啕大哭。
4 guidance n．指导；引导；导航(→guide vt. 指导，指引，带领 n．引导者，导游，指南，路标→guided adj.有指导的；有导游的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The garden als cntains a winding path that guides (guide) visitrs thrugh the twelve regins f the Silk Rad.
②After explring the ld part f twn, there is a guided (guide) tur f the cathedral.
③(2024·浙江1月卷)As the sun cast its rays, the girl nticed hw the shadws created patterns n the grund, guiding (guide) her path.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④We were guided by a lcal villager, and finally fund the ancient castle.
→Guided by a lcal villager, we finally fund the ancient castle.(过去分词)
→With a lcal villager guiding us, we finally fund the ancient castle.(with复合结构)
eq \a()
give/prvide guidance t 给……指导
under/with ne's guidance(＝under/with the guidance f…) 在……的指导/指引下
[语料积累] ① a guide t Italy意大利旅游指南
②travel guides旅行手册
③need careful guidance n my chice f ptins(求助信)
在我作出选择时需要悉心指导
④Our 10－page guide will help yu t change yur life fr the better.(物品介绍)
我们这本10页的指南有助于您提高生活品质。
⑤Under the guidance f a lcal guide, we had n difficulty in visiting these attractins.(旅游经历)
在当地导游的带领下，我们毫不费力地参观了这些景点。
5 turn dwn拒绝；调低音量
[基础检测]——用turn的相关短语填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned arund, and lked at me with a big smile n his face.
②Tm had t turn dwn the invitatin t the party last weekend because he was t busy.
③(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)What made yu turn t scial media t recrd yur vegetable grwing?
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤事实证明，帮助别人实现他们的梦想让我更快乐。
It turns ut that helping thers realize their dreams gives me mre pleasure.(主旨升华)
eq \a()
turn up 出现；到场；调高(声音)
turn n 打开
turn ff 关上，使失去兴趣
turn in 上交；提交；上床睡觉
turn t 转向；求助于
turn ut 结果是；证明是
turn ver 翻转；变换(电视频道)
turn arund 转过身
[语料积累] Hearing my wrds, David turned t me with tears spilling ut f his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determinatin t finish the crss－cuntry run.(心理、动作描写)
听了我的话，大卫转向我，眼泪夺眶而出，说他已经下定决心要完成越野赛跑。
6 句型公式：withut引导的含蓄条件句
(教材原句)Withut Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by nw.
如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们早就都死了。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Tm had his hands full yesterday, therwise he wuld have attended (attend) yur graduatin ceremny.
②Withut his wartime experiences, Hemingway wuldn't have written (write) his famus nvel A Farewell t Arms.
③The by might have drwned but fr the fact that his father was standing (stand) beside him n the deck at that time.
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2023·新课标卷读后续写)所有这些进步都归功于我的社会研究课老师，如果没有他的指导和帮助，我就不会获奖。
All f these imprvements are wed t my scial studies teacher, withut whse guidance and assistance I wuld nt have wn the award．(人物介绍)
eq \a()
(1)在withut含蓄虚拟结构中，如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，则主句谓语动词用wuld/culd/might＋have dne；表示与现在事实相反的假设，则用wuld/culd/might＋d。
(2)含蓄虚拟条件句还可以用but fr, therwise, r, but等词(词组)来引导。
(3)therwise, r构成的含蓄虚拟语气模式为“真实情况＋therwise/r＋虚拟情况”；而but构成的含蓄虚拟语气模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。
[语料积累] ①Withut yur encuragement, I culdn't have faced adversity bravely with s much endurance．(感谢信)
没有你的鼓励，我不可能如此坚韧地勇敢面对困境。
②I was busy; therwise I wuld have attended yur birthday party.
我很忙，不然的话我就去参加你的生日聚会了。
eq \a()拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．I think I am qualified fr this jb, because I have learned Chinese painting since I was seven years ld.
2．Many f the electrnic devices we use every day，like ur phnes and cmputer screens, give ff blue light.
3．Thugh stuck in the traffic jam, he was still in high spirits at the thught f the cming hliday.
4．In the face f all these difficulties, we shuld nt be discuraged but keep ur spirits up．
5．I am bred with watching TV all day and eager t find smething mre meaningful t d.
eq \a()
1．be qualified fr… 胜任；有……的资格
2．keep ne's spirits up 保持某人高昂的情绪
3．give ff 放出(热、光、气味或气体)4.be/becme stuck in 困住；陷于
5．make fire 生火
6．cheer sb.up 使某人振作起来
7．be bred with 对……感到厌倦
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——否定词缀
否定词缀有多种形式。例如本单元中的单词：unfrtunately(adv. 不幸地；遗憾地)是由副词frtunately(幸运地)＋前缀un­转化而来。否定词缀的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The chair was s uncmfrtable that she culdn't sit fr lng withut shifting arund. adj. 使人不舒服的
2．She quickly unlcked the dr with her key and entered the huse. v. 打开；开锁
3．As the stry began t unfld, the mystery behind the disappearance became clearer. v. 展开
4．I think yu misunderstand my intentins; I'm nly trying t help, nt criticize. v. 误解
5．She misread the directins and ended up getting lst n her way t the event. v. 看错
eq \a()
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．sink
(1)(2023·浙江1月卷)The sun was beginning t sink as I set ff int the Harenna Frest.D
(2)I think I've just sunk my chances f getting the jb.B
(3)My heart sank because I thught I had failed in the interview this mrning.A
(4)She has already sunk $100 millin int the prject.C
(5)Dn't just leave yur dirty plates in the sink after the meal！E
2．rugh
(1)His hands were rugh and callused, frm years f karate practice.A
(2)It was a rugh muntain rad, full f stnes and huge hles.C
(3)She made a rugh estimate/calculatin f the likely cst.E
(4)The ther bys were rugh, always lking fr a fight.D
(5)He's had a rugh time, what with the divrce and then his father dying.B
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(1)(2022·全国乙卷)They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning.n. 厚层，厚的覆盖层
(2)With a thick mist nw blanketing the trees, I gt thrughly lst.v. 覆盖；遮盖
[点拨]blanket (熟义) n．毛毯，毯子。此处(1)意为“厚层，厚的覆盖层”，(2)用作动词，意为“覆盖；遮盖”。
2．The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. adj. 机动车的
[点拨]mtr(熟义)n.发动机；马达。此处用作形容词，意为“机动车的”。
3．I wuldn't advertise the fact that yu dn't have a wrk permit.v. 展现，宣传
[点拨]advertise (熟义) v．做广告。此处意为“展现，宣传”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/
单元语法(复习现在完成进行时)
1．Dirty streets and hmelessness are n advertisement (advertise) fr a prsperus sciety.
2．We have reslved t reduce (reduce) ur carbn ftprint by restricting the amunt f carbn dixide ur lifestyles prduce.
3．I want t challenge each f yu t make a cmmitment (cmmit) t help ne persn r ne rganizatin.
4．Her sister has been given a gld watch and she is green with envy.
5．Lu Xun was lyal t the peple, bending his back t the task until his dying day.
6．He was surprised t find his rm thrughly (thrugh) cleaned and everything arranged in perfect rder.
7．Every type f bat was pressed int service t rescue passengers frm the sinking (sink) ferry.
8．Alne in a strange city，withut friends and mney, he fell in despair.
9．Despite facing numerus challenges, she shwed great perseverance (persevere) and never gave up n her dreams.
10．Obviusly, his cmpany has been grwing (grw) steadily since the beginning f this year.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．我要是你，就会去另找工作了。(if虚拟条件句)
If I were yu, I wuld start lking fr anther jb．(建议信)
2．在我看来，这本书没有你认为的那么有趣。(as…as…)
As far as I am cncerned, the bk is nt as interesting as yu think．
3．只要你采纳我的建议，你一定会在北京拥有最难忘的经历。(as lng as)
As lng as yu take my advice，yu are bund t have the mst unfrgettable experience in Beijing.(建议信)
4．自从她毕业以来，她一直致力于帮助贫困山区的孩子得到平等的教育。(现在完成进行时)
Since her graduatin, she has been devting herself t helping children in pr muntainus areas get equal educatin.
5．I we it t yur help.I culdn't have btained the pprtunity t shw my talent.(感谢信)
→Withut yur help, I culdn't have btained the pprtunity t shw my talent．(用withut含蓄条件句升级合并)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
Ernest Shackletn was a great plar explrer wh had 1.been enthusiastic abut plar explratin (一直对极地探险充满热情) and led three British expeditins t the Antarctic thrughut his life.
2．Belw are sme f his expeditin experiences and achievements (以下是他的一些探险经历和成就)．
He was ne f the leading figures during the Heric Age f Antarctic Explratin.His third expeditin t the Antarctic was 3.as extrardinary as a great miracle (就像一个非凡的奇迹；as…as…)．Faced with tugh plar cnditins，he didn't abandn his team and firmly reslved t lead them t g ut f there hadn't been his wise leadership (如果没有他的英明领导；if虚拟条件句)，he and his team wuldn't have survived after mre than 700 days in the plar regin.
I was inspired by his spirit，realizing that we 5.must have curage and perseverance (必须要有勇气和毅力) when facing any difficulties.
维度二 读后续写微技能30——场景描写
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．我们已经挣扎了好几天了，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟。
We have been struggling fr days, but things n Elephant Island are ging frm bad t wrse. (人教版选必三U4)
2．先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
First, his tw sledges brke dwn and then the hrses began t have serius difficulties with the snw and the cld． (北师大版必修二U5)
3．那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。
At that mment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beynd in the distance, they heard the crash f falling rfs． (译林版必修三U2)
4．周日晚上的大火被认为是从九楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把高楼层的人们困在里面。
The fire, which is thught t have started frm the 8th flr, spread quickly thrugh the twer blck n Sunday night, leaving peple n the upper flrs trapped. (译林版选必二U1)
5．有时只是闻到气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的奶油的味道了，这种味道就像一台时光机，立刻把我带回阳光灿烂的童年。
Smetimes the smell alne can d the trick, nt t mentin the lvely creamy flavur, which wrks like a time machine immediately transprting me back t my sunny childhd. (译林版选必一U1)
任务2 语段表达
The sprts meeting was n the mve. The track was lined with eager students, 1.all waiting fr their events (所有人都在等待自己的比赛). 2.The whistle blew (哨声响起), and the first race began. Cheers erupted frm the crwd as the runners sped dwn the track, their feet punding against the grund. The excitement was big, 3.with students clapping and shuting encuragement (伴着学生们拍手、呐喊助威). The field events were equally thrilling, with students thrwing javelins (标枪) and jumping ver high bars. Teachers and parents watched frm the sidelines, smiling and taking pictures. The energy in the air was electric, 4.filled with a sense f cmpetitin and friendship (充满了竞争与友谊的感觉). As the final race apprached, everyne gathered t watch, united in their enthusiasm fr the event．
————基础默测—————
eq \a() 默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．wage n. 工资
2．expeditin n. 探险；远征；探险队
3．endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力
4．cupbard n. 橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
5．stve n. 炉具；厨房灶具
6．vyage n. & vi. 航海；航行
7．navy n. 海军；海军部队
8．decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的
9．csy (NAmE czy) adj. 温馨的；舒适的
10．crew n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
11．crprate adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的
12．episde n. (人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲
二、核心单词写得准
1．adversity n. 困境；逆境
2．bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
3．sink vi. (sank/sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉；使沉没
4．abandn vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃
5．miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的
6．gd/bad­tempered adj. 脾气好的/坏的
7．genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
8．thrugh adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的
9．damp adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的
10．recreatin n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏
11．rugh adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
12．candidate n. 候选人；应试者
三、拓展单词通变化
1．qualify vt. 使合格；使具有资格→qualified adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualificatin n. 资格；资历
2．enthusiasm n. 热情；热心→enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv. 热情地
3．bard v. 上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿 n. 木板；董事会；伙食→abard adv. & prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
4．assign vt. 分派；布置；分配→assignment n. 分派；布置；分配
5．selfish adj. 自私的→selfishness n. 自私→selfless adj. 无私的→selflessness n. 无私，忘我
6．persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求→perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
7．reslve vi. & vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n. 决心；坚定的信念→reslutin n. 决议；解决；坚定
8．guide vt. 指导 n. 向导；指南→guidance n. 指导；引导；导航
9．advertise vt. & vi. 公布；宣传；做广告→advertiser n. 广告商→advertisement n. 广告→advertising n. 广告活动；广告业
10．cmmit v. 犯罪；承诺；委托→cmmitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献
四、重点词块明搭配
1．turn sb. dwn 拒绝(某人)
2．make fire 生火
3．give ff 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
4．keep ne's spirits up 保持某人高昂的情绪
5．hld n 坚持住；等一下；别挂断
6．cheer sb.up 使某人振作起来
7．be enthusiastic abut 对……热情
8．apply t jin the expeditin 申请加入探险之旅
9．be full f vigur 朝气蓬勃
10．keep us ptimistic 使我们保持乐观
11．fill me with hpe 让我充满希望
12．be/becme stuck in 困住；陷于
五、教材佳句会运用
1．嗯，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的广告。(It happened that…)
Well, it s happened that ne mrning I bught a newspaper and read the advertisement abut the Antarctic expeditin.
2．我们现在在冰上扎营，并且一直在设法生存，但是春天要来了，冰很快就会开始融化。(have/has been ding)
We are nw camped n the ice and we have been managing t survive, but spring is cming, and the ice will sn begin t melt.
3．如果没有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。(if引导的虚拟条件句)
If it weren't fr sea animals, we wuld all starve．
eq \a() 基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Accrding t the airline rules, we recmmend yu switch ff yur mbile phne befre yu g abard (上) the plane.
2．That last candidate (候选人) impressed me with his knwledge f the cmpany's activities; he has really dne his hmewrk.
3．Being genuine (真诚的) and gd­tempered, he has been getting alng well with his classmates.
4．Sprts and recreatin (娱乐) have always been part f university life.
5．(2023·全国甲卷)Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture (家具), she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．There was a lng line f abandned (abandn) trucks and carts n a rad leading up t a bridge.
2．The student ging t art r drama schl will be very enthusiastic abut further educatin.
3．(2024·北京卷)Typically, cruelty (cruel) and cheating are discuraged, while cperatin, humbleness and curage are praised.
4．Culd yu give me a jb descriptin f the psitin advertised (advertise)?
5．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) I'm ften asked by curius fllwers hw t begin an art jurney. Unfrtunately (unfrtunate), there is n magic list I can ffer.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．We had dreamed f visiting the Great Wall and it was nt until last year that we managed t make it．
2．They set ff fr the destinatin t late; therwise they wuldn't have been stuck in the strm.
3．What is knwn t us all is that nt giving ff waste gas is an advantage f riding bicycles.
4．She has turned dwn several invitatins t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies.
5．They discvered fireplaces in the centre f the caves where they made fire．
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．如果我是你，我肯定会充分利用时间来提高我的学业成绩。(if引导的虚拟条件句)
If I were yu, I wuld certainly make full use f the time t imprve my academic perfrmance.
2．76岁的威尔逊是一名退休工程师，过去八年来一直为大学生提供免费的乘车服务。(have been ding)
76­year­ld Wilsn, a retired engineer, has been ffering free rides t cllege students fr the past eight years.
3．碰巧的是，他们在同一个村庄度过了他们的童年。(It happened that…)
It happened that they spent their childhd in the same village.
4．(2023·新课标卷读后续写)正是你鼓励我的话激励我去参加比赛，如果没有你鼓励的话语，我早就放弃了。(withut虚拟语气)
It was yur encuraging wrds that inspired me t take part in the cntest, withut which I wuld have given up．
课时作业30
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
eq \a()
(2024·河南名校联盟高三模拟)
Melissa Sevigny, a science jurnalist fr Arizna Public Radi, recunts the details f the 1938 river jurney f Elzada Clver and Lis Jtter, wh, alng with their guide, Nrm Nevills, and a few ther crew members, traveled dwn the Clrad River with the gal f catalging (登记) undiscvered plants in the area. The Clrad River was knwn as the mst dangerus river in the wrld. But fr Clver and Jtter, it held a great appeal: n ne had surveyed the Grand Canyn's plants, and they were determined t be the first.
As wmen scientists, Clver and Jtter faced scrutiny (监督) even befre their trip began. They started in Green River, Utah, and then traveled thrugh Cataract Canyn, Glen Canyn, and the Grand Canyn befre ending at Lake Mead. Fr Clver, the trip fit perfectly with her dream f catalging all the Suthwest's cacti (a kind f plant), but, mre than that, it was a chance t make her mark n the field f btany. As they made their way dwn the river, they cntinued t face challenges, including navigating intense rapids, lsing ne f their three bats, and dealing with aggressive reprters and inaccurate and imaginary news reprts. When Clver and Jtter finally reached the entrance f the Grand Canyn, they felt apprehensive, but they decided they had n chice nw but t brave the wild river.
Drawing infrmatin frm the crew's letters and jurnals, Sevigny brings us directly int the bats and intrduces us t many f the plants that Clver and Jtter surveyed and cllected. The authr als includes a map f the rute and phtgraphic images f the crew at different pints alng the way. Wven (编织) thrughut the narrative f Clver and Jtter is the early histry f travel n the Clrad River as well as hw Indigenus peples, Eurpeans, and the Park Service have shaped the eclgy f the river ver time.
As the authr ntes, wmen in science still face challenges and barriers; Sevigny hpes that recalling the past will lead t a fairer future.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇书评。文章主要讲述了科学记者Melissa Sevigny回顾了Elzada Clver和Lis Jtter在1938年与导游Nrm Nervills以及其他几名船员一起沿着科罗拉多河进行的探险之旅。
1．What mtivated Clver and Jtter t make the jurney？( B )
A．The native cultures.
B．The plants f the Grand Canyn.
C．The scenery alng the river.
D．The Suthwest's cactus species.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Clrad River was knwn as the mst dangerus river in the wrld. But fr Clver and Jtter, it held a great appeal: n ne had surveyed the Grand Canyn's plants, and they were determined t be the first.”可知，大峡谷的植物促使Clver和Jtter踏上这段旅程。故选B项。
2．What des the underlined wrd “apprehensive” mean in paragraph 2？( C )
A．Relieved.B．Guilty.
C．Anxius.D．Pleased.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前面提到的“As they made their way dwn the river, they cntinued t face challenges, including navigating intense rapids, lsing ne f their three bats，and dealing with aggressive reprters and inaccurate and imaginary news reprts.”可知，Clver和Jtter在旅途中遇到了很多困难；根据画线词后面的“but they decided they had n chice nw but t brave the wild river”可知，但是现在她们别无选择，只能勇敢地面对这条狂野的河流。由上下文语境可推知，当她们最终到达大峡谷入口时，她们的感觉应该是担心和忧虑的。故猜测画线词apprehensive的意思是“担心的，忧虑的”。故选C项。
3．What can we learn abut Clver and Jtter's adventure？( D )
A．They were aided by reprters all the way.
B．They ended their jurney with lsing three bats.
C．They pineered in surveying the Clrad River.
D．They tk many precius phts alngside the trip.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“The authr als includes a map f the rute and phtgraphic images f the crew at different pints alng the way.”可知，Clver和Jtter在旅途中拍了许多珍贵的照片。故选D项。
4．What is the text？( B )
A．A diary entry.B．A bk review.
C．A news reprt.D．A travel jurnal.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Melissa Sevigny, a science jurnalist fr Arizna Public Radi, recunts the details”和最后一段的内容可推知，本文是一篇书评。故选B项。
eq \a()
(2024·河南洛阳高三期末)
We've all heard f IQ, and EQ, but have yu heard f AQ? AQ stands fr adversity (逆境) qutient and measures yur ability t deal with the ups and dwns f life. Being able t handle these rugh patches we all g thrugh is nt nly imprtant in ur persnal lives but in ur prfessinal lives t. S hw can we learn t be mre resilient?
Adverse situatins can take us by surprise and shck us. In the wrkplace, it culd be in the frm f firings, the cmpany we wrk fr ging under r being restructured, r even missing ut n a prmtin. Failed friendships and relatinships, financial hard times and even deaths are things that can ccur utside f wrk. AQ measures ur ability t g thrugh the shcks when life thrws curveballs at us—hw likely we are t deal with these situatins. It can be used t predict ur attitudes, perseverance, lngevity, and the way we learn frm changes in envirnment.
Luckily, there are sme steps yu can take t help yu be mre resilient in the face f adversity. First, try and find a meaningful gal. Adaptable peple ften have an aim and are able t cncentrate mre n a desired utcme, seeing negative situatins as a bump in the rad n the way t achieving their gal. Learning t relax and regulate yur emtins is anther key step—ne way t help yu destress is by practicing breathing exercises. Similarly, thinking abut things and letting them get t yu can cause yu t be stressed. See difficulties mre as an pprtunity t learn and grw emtinally. Finally, make sure yu have a gd scial supprt netwrk. Being able t talk with smene abut the challenges we face can help.
Things happen in life we can't prevent—and smetimes they aren't pleasant. But, taking a few steps t be mre resilient can make them a little easier t get thrugh.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了AQ的定义以及一些让我们在逆境中更具有承受力的方法。
5．What adversities are mentined that may ccur in the wrkplace？( C )
A.Being punished.
B．Failed relatinships.
C．Missing ut n a prmtin.
D．The cmpany being maintained.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the wrkplace, it culd be in the frm f firings, the cmpany we wrk fr ging under r being restructured, r even missing ut n a prmtin.”可知，工作场所可能会出现的逆境是错过晋升的机会。故选C。
6．What can smene with a high AQ suppsedly d？( A )
A．They can manage their emtins.
B．They can get themselves prmted.
C．They can achieve their gals easily.
D．They can avid adversities prperly.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“AQ measures ur ability t g thrugh the shcks…and the way we learn frm changes in envirnment.”可知，AQ能衡量我们在生活中承受冲击的能力。一个拥有高AQ的人处理这些逆境的可能性会更大，它可以预测我们的态度，毅力等。由此可推知，拥有高AQ的人在面对困境时能更好地管理自己的情绪。故选A。
7．Why des having a meaningful gal help in adverse situatins？( A )
A．Yu can cncentrate mre n a desired result.
B．Yu can frget abut the unpleasant situatins.
C．Yu can see clearly a bump n the way t success.
D.Yu can cmpletely ignre yur negative situatins.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“First, try and find a meaningful gal. Adaptable peple ften have an aim and are able t cncentrate mre n a desired utcme, seeing negative situatins as a bump in the rad n the way t achieving their gal.”可知，在不利的情况下有一个有意义的目标会让你更加专注于想要的结果。故选A。
8．Which is the best title fr the passage？( B )
A．EQ；IQ；AQ
B．Hw t Be Resilient
C．What Is Adversity Qutient
D．Be Brave in Face f Adversity
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段的叙述“AQ代表逆境商，衡量你应对生活起伏的能力。能够处理我们所有人所经历的这些艰难时期不仅在我们的个人生活中很重要，在我们的职业生活中也很重要。那么，我们如何才能学会更具有承受力呢？”以及最后一段的“但是，采取一些措施变得更具承受力可以更容易度过难关”可知，文章介绍了AQ的定义以及一些让我们在逆境中更具有承受力的方法。所以“如何变得更具承受力”适合作本文的标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·湖北武汉高三模拟)
When I was in third grade, my family and I tk n an unfrgettable trip acrss the cuntry. It turned ut t be mre than just a __1__ jurney; it was a jurney f discvery int ur __2__. Every day, Dad __3__ us with his trusty rad map. Mm, the heart f ur family, shared flk tales and painted pictures abut the upcming __4__. We went thrugh diverse __5__frm the thick frests t the vast deserts f the West.
One day, while hiking thrugh the Grand Canyn, I __6__ a particularly rugh path. Frightened, I __7__， nt knwing hw t prceed. That's when my parents __8__.
As Dad shwed me fthlds, Mm cached me with calming __9__and reminded me f the breathtaking views that lay ahead. Then, I __10__ the cnfidence as my feet __11__ slid grund again. When I finally vercame my fear, I felt we became __12__ as a family.
Frm then n, every evening, we'd gather arund a campfire fr what we __13__ called “Family Reflectin Time”. During these sessins, we'd share laughs, __14__， and insights frm the day's experiences.
The trip taught me that the true meaning f travel isn't merely abut reaching the destinatin but abut the persnal grwth that happens n the rute, and the family bnds frmed when facing __15__ tgether.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者一家进行了一场难忘的全国旅行，这场旅行让整个家庭变得更亲密了，而且也让作者懂得了旅行的真正意义。
1．( B )A.crwdedB．physical
C．creativeD．necessary
解析：根据句中的“it was a jurney f discvery int ur __2__”可知，这次旅行还是一次探索发现更深层次东西之旅，由此可知，这不仅仅是一场身体的旅行。故选B。crwded拥挤的； physical身体的； creative创造 (性) 的； necessary必要的。
2．( A )A.relatinshipsB．ptentials
C．dreamsD．inspiratins
解析：根据下文中的“the family bnds frmed”可知，这场旅行让家庭关系更亲密了，所以这是一场探索家庭关系的旅行。故选A。 relatinship关系； ptential潜力； dream梦想； inspiratin灵感。
3．( A )A.guidedB．encuraged
C．cmfrtedD．attracted
解析：根据空后的“with his trusty rad map”可知，爸爸用地图给大家引路。故选A。guide引导 (某人至某地)；encurage鼓励； cmfrt安慰； attract吸引。
4．( C )A.eventsB．statins
C．lcatinsD．shws
解析：根据空前的“the upcming”和下文中的“We went thrugh diverse __5__ frm the thick frests t the vast deserts f the West.”可知，此处指他们即将到访的地点。故选C。event事件； statin车站； lcatin地点； shw演出。
5．( B )A.culturesB．landscapes
C．grupsD．cuntries
解析：根据空后的“frm the thick frests t the vast deserts f the West”可知，此处指他们看到的各种各样的景观。故选B。culture文化； landscape风景； grup团体； cuntry国家。
6．( D )A.imaginedB．cnstructed
C．smthedD．encuntered
解析：根据下文中的“nt knwing hw t prceed”可知，作者遇到了一条特别崎岖的小路。故选D。imagine想象； cnstruct建造； smth使平滑； encunter遇到。
7．( A )A.frzeB．flew
C．fellD．frgt
解析：根据句中的“Frightened”可知，作者吓得僵住了。故选A。freeze(因害怕等)不动； fly飞行； fall落下； frget忘记。
8．( C )A.reached dwnB．std aside
C．stepped inD．turned back
解析：根据下文可知，父母过来帮助作者，所以应是介入了作者所处的困境。故选C。reach dwn把……拿下来； stand aside站到一边； step in介入；turn back返回。
9．( A )A.wrdsB．wrries
C．nisesD．thughts
解析：根据句中的“cached me”可知，妈妈用平静的话语指导作者。故选A。wrd话语； wrry担心； nise噪音； thught想法。
10．( D )A.lstB．maintained
C．demnstratedD．restred
解析：根据上文内容可知，作者一开始看到这条崎岖小路时吓呆了，后来在父母的帮助下终于克服了自己的害怕，由此可知，作者应是重新恢复了信心。故选D。lse失去； maintain维持； demnstrate证明，演示； restre恢复。
11．( C )A.leftB．brke
C．fundD．dug
解析：根据上文中的“Dad shwed me fthlds”和空后的“slid grund again”可知，作者在父母的指导下找到了立足点，双脚找到了结实的地面而站稳了。故选C。
12．( D )A.nicerB．tugher
C．braverD．clser
解析：根据下文中的“the family bnds frmed”和空后的“as a family”可知，作者一家人变得更加亲密了。故选D。
13．( B )A.riginallyB．affectinately
C．frequentlyD．simply
解析：根据空后的“called ‘Family Reflectin Time'”并结合语境可知，他们将每晚进行的这个活动亲切地称为“家庭反思时间”。故选B。riginally原来，起初； affectinately亲切地； frequently频繁地； simply简单地，仅仅。
14．( C )A.sympathyB．cnflict
C．tearsD．prfits
解析：根据空前的“laughs”可知，此处指一天中所经历的欢乐和泪水。故选C。sympathy同情； cnflict冲突； tear泪水； prfit利润。
15．( A )A.challengesB．defeats
C．ppsitinD．uncertainty
解析：根据空前的“facing”并结合上文作者面临崎岖小路时父母给予帮助可知，此处指一家人一起面对挑战。 故选A。challenge挑战； defeat失败； ppsitin反对； uncertainty犹豫。
selfish；belng；endurance；reslve；miserable；qualify
A.v. (心情)沮丧；(情绪)低落 B．v.使失败；使受挫；阻挠 C．v.投入(资金) D．v.下沉；下陷；沉降E.n.洗涤池，洗碗槽
A.adj.粗糙不平的，不光滑的 B．adj.艰难的；艰苦的；令人不快的 C．adj.崎岖的；难行的 D．adj.粗暴的，粗野的 E．adj.粗略的；大致的；近似的
英语周报开办了“人物周刊”栏目，请你写一篇文章投稿，简要介绍英国极地探险家——欧内斯特·沙克尔顿(Ernest Shackletn)。内容包括：
1．经历的介绍(他是一位卓越的英国极地探险家，曾带领英国探险队三次前往南极洲，是南极探险英雄时代的主要人物之一。他与“坚忍号”的船员们在极地700多天的求生经历创造了20世纪一次伟大的生还奇迹。)；
2．对你的启发。
1．all waiting fr their events 所有人都在等待自己的比赛
2．break dwn 坏掉；出故障
3．with the snw and the cld 在大雪和严寒的天气下
4．the earth shaking beneath ne's feet 大地在某人脚下晃动
5．g frm bad t wrse 变得更糟
6．transprt sb. back t 把某人带回……
7．spread quickly 很快蔓延
8．leave peple n the upper flrs trapped 把高楼层的人们困在了里面
9．the crash f falling rfs 屋顶坍塌的巨响
10．the whistle blwing 哨声响起
11．with sb. clapping and shuting encuragement 伴着某人拍手、呐喊助威
12．be filled with a sense f... 充满……的感觉
turn dwn；give ff；make it；make fire；set ff