专题01 语法填空（优选上海名校真题）（上海专用）-【真题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编.zip

这是一份专题01 语法填空（优选上海名校真题）（上海专用）-【真题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编.zip，文件包含专题01语法填空优选上海名校真题原卷版docx、专题01语法填空优选上海名校真题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共29页， 欢迎下载使用。

(23-24高二下·上海华二附中·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fit s each blank.
The future is grey
An aging wrld will blige us t change hw we live
Much is made f intergeneratinal cnflicts, with baby bmers cmpeting against millennials r Gen Zers. But hwever these cmpeting needs are reslved tday, yunger peple will becme a 1 (prized) resurce in the future, because there will be fewer f them.
Ppulatins are slwly grwing lder than ever befre due t tw seemingly unstppable demgraphic (人口的) frces. One is 2 , as cuntries becme mre prsperus, there is a decline in the number f children that peple have. When that figure drps belw the ppulatin replacement level f 2.1 children per wman—— 3 it is ffset (抵消) by immigratin—the head cunt shrinks as well as becming mre senir-heavy. If this trend cntinues, 97 percent f cuntries are frecast 4 (have) birthrates belw the replacement level by the year 2100.
The ther key factr is that peple are living lnger in nearly every cuntry in the wrld, a trend 5 has cntinued fr decades. This 6 (drive) by multiple factrs ver the past century, including imprvements in sanitatin (公共卫生), the spread f vaccines and antibitics, and, later n, by better treatments fr heart disease and the decline f smking. The next reshaping f life expectancy curves culd cme frm the widespread use f weight- 7 (reduce) drugs such as Ozempic, r indeed medicines already in wide use tday.
These ageing ppulatins present many challenges, frcing cuntries t rethink their systems f pensins, healthcare and s n. The risk is that there will be t few peple f wrking age t help prvide care fr 8 wh are lder.
But we 9 nt necessarily be t pessimistic. Just like in medicine, advances in artificial intelligence and rbtics are cntinuing rapidly. Culd the ptential demgraphic crisis be prevented by a wrkfrce f intelligent machines? If s, 10 having t be wrried abut rbts taking ur jbs, we might ne day welcme them with pen arms.
【答案】
1．mre prized 2．that 3．unless 4．t have 5．that/which 6．has been driven 7．reducing 8．thse 9．shuld 10．instead f
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了全球人口老龄化的现象及其对社会的影响，并提出了应对老龄化挑战的可能途径。
1．考查形容词比较级。句意：但是，无论这些相互竞争的需求如何在今天得到解决，年轻人将在未来成为更加珍贵的资源，因为他们的数量将越来越少。根据下文“because there will be fewer f them(因为他们的数量将越来越少)”可知，此处将年轻人的现在和未来进行比较，应填形容词的比较级，表示“更加珍贵的”，故填mre prized。
2．考查表语从句。句意：一是，随着国家变得更加繁荣，人们拥有的孩子数量正在下降。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，也没有特殊含义，故用that引导，故填that。
3．考查连词。句意：当这一数字降至每位女性2.1个孩子的替代水平以下时，除非被移民抵消，否则人口数量将减少，同时也将变得更加老龄化。根据下文“it is ffset (抵消) by immigratin(被移民抵消)”可知，此处引出了一种例外的情况，应填连词表示“除非”，故填unless。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果这一趋势继续下去，预计到2100年，97%的国家的出生率将低于替代水平。be frecast t d sth为固定短语，意为“被预测做某事”，故填t have。
5．考查定语从句。句意：另一个关键因素是，世界各地几乎所有国家的人们都在活得更长，这一趋势已经持续了几十年。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为a trend，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
6．考查时态语态。句意：在过去一个世纪里，这一趋势是由多个因素驱动的，包括公共卫生的改善、疫苗和抗生素的普及，以及后来对心脏病的更好治疗和吸烟率的下降。根据句意及时间状语ver the past century可知，此处应填现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，且主语this与drive之间为被动关系，故填has been driven。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：体重减轻药物如奥司他韦(Ozempic)的广泛使用可能会重塑预期寿命曲线，或者事实上，今天已经广泛使用的药物也可能会带来变化。根据句意及空后的drugs可知，此处应填非谓语动词作定语，因与其逻辑主语drugs之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填reducing。
8．考查代词。句意：风险在于，工作年龄的人口太少，无法帮助照顾那些年纪较大的人。根据下文“wh are lder(年纪较大的人)”及空前的介词fr可知，此处应填代词，指代上文提到的lder peple，故填thse。
9．考查情态动词。句意：但我们不一定非要过于悲观。根据下文“nt necessarily be t pessimistic(不一定非要过于悲观)”可知，此处给出了一个建议，应填情态动词，表示“不一定非要”，故填shuld。
10．考查介词短语。句意：如果这样，我们就不必担心机器人抢走我们的工作，而是张开双臂欢迎它们的到来。根据下文we might ne day welcme them with pen arms(而是张开双臂欢迎它们的到来)可知，此处表示两种选择或行为之间的替换关系，应填介词短语，表示“而不是”，故填instead f。
(23-24高二下·上海宝山区·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
First published n Octber 15, 1952, “Charltte’s Web” is a ppular children’s bk written by well-knwn American authr E. B．White and 1 （illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes f the nature f friendship, lss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The stry centers n a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship 2 shares with an uncmmnly talented spider named Charltte.
While it’s nrmal in the curse f events n a farm fr pigs 3 （kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charltte wrks ut a scheme t keep Wilbur frm his fate by weaving wrds int her web t create what amunts t a ne-pig publicity campaign. By prmting Wilbur t celebrity status, Charltte ultimately saves him 4 his date with the butcher’s knife.
The ending f the “Charltte’s Web” is bittersweet, hwever, 5 while Wilbur survives, Charltte des nt. But even Charltte’s passing is a lessn-fr Wilbur and thse reading his stry-abut the nature f death and renewal.
Death and destiny are bth themes that the bk explres. While Charltte is willing t help Wilbur avid a destiny that’s being impsed n him by utside frces beynd his cntrl, she als understands that sme fates are inevitable: All living creatures are brn, 6 （have）a life cycle, and die. Charltte accepts her rle in this natural circle withut regret.
Charltte helps Wilbur realize that immrtality is nt abut living frever, but rather, 7 （ensure）that new generatins will fllw. She als helps him understand that lve and friendship are nt fixed in quantity. While we may lse a friend, new friendships can cme alng, nt as replacements fr 8 we’ve lst, but as blessings t build n what we’ve learned.
“Charltte’s Web” gt its inspiratin frm true experiences that authr E. B．White had n his farm in Maine, 9 he penned the bk and lived until his death in 1985．While the authr claims that the bk 10 never be cnsidered a mral tale, certain messages related t mral principles, r rights and wrngs, are bviusly established in “Charltte’s Web”.
【答案】
1．illustrated 2．he 3．t be killed 4．frm 5．because 6．have 7．ensuring 8．what 9．where 10．can
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰bk，bk和illustrate为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填illustrated。
2．考查代词。句意：故事围绕着一只名叫威尔伯的猪，以及他与一只名叫夏洛特的非凡天才蜘蛛之间不太可能但却深厚的友谊展开。根据下文“keep Wilbur frm his fate”提到his fate可知，此处应为代词he指代上文提到的Wilbur。故填he。
3．考查动词不定式的被动结构。句意：在农场里，当猪长到一定的尺寸和年龄时，被杀死是很正常的，聪明的夏洛特想出了一个计划，通过在她的网里织词来创造一个相当于一只猪的宣传活动，让威尔伯免受他的命运。此处为固定句型it is+adj +fr sb t d sth“做某事对于……是怎样的”，所以此处为动词不定式形式，结合pigs和kill为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动结构。故填t be killed。
4．考查介词。句意：通过把威尔伯提升到名人的地位，夏洛特最终把他从屠刀的约会中救了出来。此处为固定短语save sb frm…“从……解救出来”，所以此处为介词frm的填入。故填frm。
5．考查连词。句意：然而，《夏洛的网》的结局苦乐参半，因为威尔伯活了下来，夏洛却没有。根据句意可知，此处为because“因为”引导的原因状语从句，强调直接原因，满足句意要求，故填because。
6．考查动词。句意：所有的生物都出生，有生命周期，然后死亡。由and连接的are brn和die可知，此处也应为动词原形，保持并列谓语成分。故填have。
7．考查动名词。句意：夏洛帮助威尔伯认识到，永生并不是永远活着，而是确保新一代的到来。由but rather连接的living为动名词可知，此处也应为动名词形式，作介词abut的宾语成分。故填ensuring。
8．考查宾语从句。句意：虽然我们可能会失去一个朋友，但新的友谊可能会出现，不是取代我们失去的，而是在我们所学到的基础上的祝福。分析句子可知，此处为连接代词what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语成分，意为“失去的东西”。故填what。
9．考查定语从句。句意：《夏洛特的网》的灵感来自作者E. B.怀特在缅因州农场的真实经历，他在那里写了这本书，直到1985年去世。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的非限定性定语从句，先行词farm在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。
10．考查情态动词。句意：虽然作者声称这本书永远不能被认为是一个道德故事，但与道德原则或对与错有关的某些信息显然在《夏洛特的网》中得到了确立。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词can，和空后的never be构成can never be“不可能做到”，满足句意要求。故填can。
(23-24高二下·上海敬业中学·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Lenard da Vinci r the Chinese?
It has lng been cnsidered that Lenard da Vinci was actually the first persn t ever draft a landscape n August 5th, 1473. This unprecedented act f describing muntains and trees n their wn was revlutinary and surely helped Lenard’s already genius status, but is this really the truth? Lng befre ne f the greatest minds f humanity was brn, the Chinese artists have been painting landscapes, 1 (describe) rivers and rcks, muntains and trees, fr centuries. Lenard’s1473 drawing actually lks a lt like a painting Winter Evening Landscape by Li Gngnian, 2 (paint) in 1120, ver350 years befre da Vinci’s famus sketch.
The western wrld tends t center 3 in terms f inventins, the practice that cntinues n even t the 215t century. Just 4 (lk) back n yur years in schl and try t remember ne thing yu learned abut the Far East, whether its histry r art, and I be t that yu will have t think lng and hard 5 yu remember anything. This, f curse, is nthing new f scandal (丑闻), as all cultures tend t think 6 their wn as the mst imprtant ne, but when it cmes t unfairly crediting a western artist fr smething the Chinese have been ding fr centuries, the Western-centrism becmes a bit f a prblem, 7 brings us t Chinese landscape painting. The artists frm the Middle Kingdm have been painting with such sensitivity and petry while Eurpe was in the midst f fighting the cruel crusades (十字军东征) and cmpletely frgetting the flurishing creativity f the ancient Greece. China has been in its glden age that Eurpe wuld nt see until the ages f Lenard and Van Ggh, wh 8 (inspire) interestingly, heavily by the Chinese art. It is still a mystery 9 da Vinci’s sketch lks almst exactly like the Gngnian piece, which draws the curius minds 10 (wnder) if Lenard had smehw managed t see the painting fr himself, maybe thrugh the artifacts brught frm the Silk Rad.
【答案】
1．describing 2．painted 3．itself 4．lk 5．befre 6．f 7．which 8．was inspired 9．that/why 10．t wnder
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨并质疑西方艺术史上关于莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（Lenard da Vinci）作为第一位描绘风景画家的传统观点。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：早在这位人类最伟大的思想家诞生之前，几个世纪以来，中国艺术家就一直在画风景画，描绘河流、岩石、山脉和树木。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the Chinese artists和describe为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填describing。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：达芬奇1473年的这幅画实际上看起来很像李功年1120年的《冬夜风景》，比达芬奇的著名素描早了350多年。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，Winter Evening Landscape和paint为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填painted。
3．考查代词。句意：西方世界倾向于以发明为中心，这种做法甚至一直持续到215世纪。主语The western wrld和宾语一致，需用反身代词itself，作宾语。故填itself。
4．考查祈使句。句意：只要回顾一下你在学校的岁月，试着回忆一下你在远东学到的一件事，无论是历史还是艺术，我敢打赌，在你记住任何东西之前，你都必须认真思考很长时间。此处为祈使句，空处和try并列，需用动词原形。故填lk。
5．考查状语从句。句意同上。表示“在……之前”应用befre，引导时间状语从句。故填befre。
6．考查介词。句意：当然，这并不是什么新鲜事，因为所有的文化都倾向于认为自己的文化是最重要的，但当涉及到不公平地将中国人已经做了几个世纪的事情归功于西方艺术家时，西方中心主义就成了一个问题，这就把我们带到了中国山水画上。think f…as…为固定搭配，意为“认为……是……”。故填f。
7．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：中国一直处于黄金时代，欧洲直到列奥纳多和梵高时代才看到这一点，有趣的是，梵高深受中国艺术的启发。空处为定语从句的谓语，主语wh，指代Van Ggh，和inspire为被动关系，需用被动语态，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，并且be动词使用was。故填was inspired。
9．考查主语从句。句意：达·芬奇的素描与贡年画几乎一模一样，这仍然是一个谜，这让好奇的人怀疑达·芬奇是否通过从丝绸之路带来的文物，以某种方式亲自看到了这幅画。空处引导主语从句，it为形式主语，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义或者作从句的原因状语，可以用that引导主语从句或者why引导主语从句。故填that/why。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填t wnder。
(23-24高二下·上海复旦附中·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Measure Yur Stress with Fitness Trackers
Nt sure if it’s time fr stress management? Check yur watch.
Txic stress, caused by pandemic, 1 (fuel) a wave f new stress management trackers. Offered in health mnitring devices by cmpanies such as Fitbit, WHOOP, and thers, they aim t make users mre infrmed f stress and learn tls fr handling it.
These trackers cllect infrmatin n metrics such as heart rate, skin temperature, and sleep quality 2 cutting-edge sensrs in smart watches, wristbands, and rings. They als cntinuusly assess heart rate variability, r HRV, 3 is the balance between the bdy’s systems fr ramping up t a challenge and slwing dwn t rest. Sme, such as Ggle’s Fitbit, 4 (measure) electrical changes in certain sweat glands (腺体) that respnd t stress and emtinal arusal. This invisible “electrdermal” sweat “cntains extra infrmatin abut stress 5 HRV,” says Hug Psada-Quinter, bimedical engineering prfessr at the University f Cnnecticut, “which can als be a measure f emtinal respnses.”
When 6 (cmbine), these metrics reveal psychlgical stress—like chrnic wrrying r wrk aggravatin—that damages health and 7 therwise escape ur awareness. This s-called “unrecgnized stress” is cmmn in peple with busy lifestyles.
The trackers shw 8 ther stressrs, like exercise, are beneficial in the right amunts. 9 sme physical respnses t exercise resemble unhealthy stress, the trackers may distinguish gd stress frm bad. If yu’re mving yur bdy in specified ways, they can determine that yur fast pulse is frm rad running, nt rad rage.
10 (quantify) yur habits and experiences can encurage behavir changes fr stress management. If yu eat a large, sugary meal befre bed, fr example, yur stress numbers g up the digestive verlad increases heart rate. The sensrs will further detect hw the late meal disrupts sleep.
【答案】
1．has fueled 2．with 3．which 4．measure 5．beynd 6．cmbined 7．may/might 8．that 9．Althugh/Thugh/While 10．Quantifying
【导语】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了健身追踪器如何帮助用户监测和管理压力，通过介绍其工作原理、测量的生理指标以及如何通过数据鼓励用户采取减压措施，展现了科技产品在健康管理领域的应用。
1．考查现在分词。句意：由疫情引发的有毒压力，推动了一波新的压力管理追踪器的出现。fuel“推动，加强，刺激”。句子描述的是过去到现在的一个持续影响，所以时态使用现在完成时，主语Txic stress为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has fueled。
2．考查介词。句意：这些追踪器利用智能手表、腕带和戒指中的尖端传感器收集心率、皮肤温度和睡眠质量等指标的信息。本空用介词with“利用”，表示使用某种工具或手段。故填with。
3．考查定语从句。句意：他们还持续评估心率变异性，即HRV，这是身体系统在迎接挑战和减速休息之间的平衡。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是HRV，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4．考查动词时态。句意：一些追踪器，如Ggle的Fitbit，测量某些对压力和情绪唤醒有反应的汗腺的电变化。measure“测量”。本句描述一般事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为Sme，故谓语用动词原形。故填measure。
5．考查介词。句意：这种看不见的“皮肤电”汗液，康涅狄格大学生物医学工程教授雨果·波萨达-金特罗说：“包含了心率变异之外的额外压力信息，这也可以作为情绪反应的衡量标准。”本空用介词beynd“超出”，表示超出HRV之外还有额外的信息。故填beynd。
6．考查状语从句省略。句意：当这些指标结合在一起时，它们揭示了损害健康的心理压力，比如长期的忧虑或工作加剧的压力，这些压力可能逃过我们的意识。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中When引导的时间状语从句完整句子为When these metrics are_____ (cmbine)，these metrics与cmbine“（使）结合”为被动关系，用are cmbined，作谓语，省略these metrics are，保留过去分词。故填cmbined。
7．考查情态动词。句意：当这些指标结合在一起时，它们揭示了损害健康的心理压力，比如长期的忧虑或工作加剧的压力，这些压力可能逃过我们的意识。本空用情态动词may或minght“可能”，表示这种压力有可能逃过我们的注意。故填may或might。
8．考查宾语从句。句意：追踪器显示其他压力源，如锻炼，在适量的情况下是有益的。本空引导宾语从句，作shw的宾语，从句中不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。
9．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管某些锻炼引起的生理反应类似于不健康的应激反应，但追踪器可以区分好压力和坏压力。前后句意存在转折关系，应用althugh/thugh/while“虽然”引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Althugh/Thugh/While。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：量化你的习惯和经历可以鼓励你改变管理压力的行为。本句谓语为can encurage，此处为非谓语动词，本空用quantify“量化”的动名词，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Quantifying。
(23-24高二下·上海闵行区·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers. Public service campaigns have als tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes 1 they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which 2 (fall) fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly 3 peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said inattentive driving was “nly increasing, unfrtunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last mnth, 4 (refer) bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S 5 (change) a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat 6 (distract) driving like driving after cnsuming alchl.
An idea 7 lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine 8 a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else nt allwed under New Yrk’s hands-free driving laws.
“We need smething n the bks 9 can change peple’s behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state’s ban n hand-held devices by drivers. “If the Textalyzer bill becmes law,” he said, “peple are ging t be 10 (afraid) t put their hands n the cell phne.”
【答案】
1．when/while/as 2．have been falling /have fallen 3．because 4．referring 5．t change 6．distracted 7．frm/by 8．whether/if 9．that 10．mre afraid
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国推动立法禁止在开车时使用手机的原因及过程。
1．考查状语从句。句意：公共服务运动还尝试了多种方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。结合句意可知，使用when/while/as“当……时”引导时间状语从句，符合句意，故填when/while/as。
2．考查时态。句意：道路事故多年来一直在下降，现在却急剧上升。根据句意时间状语fr years可知，这里要使用现在完成时，或者是 现在完成时进行时，主语which指代的是先行词Rad accidents为复数，谓语动词也要使用复数，故填have been falling/have fallen。
3．考查表语从句。句意：这在一定程度上是因为人们开车越来越多，但美国国家公路交通安全管理局局长Mark Rsekind表示，疏忽驾驶“不幸的是只会增加”。结合句意可知，此处使用连词because连接表语从句符合句意，故填because。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他在上个月的一次演讲中表示：“大变革需要大创意。”他泛指改善道路安全的必要性。句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连词此处使用非谓语动词，主语和与refer之间为主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，故填referring。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，为了改变一种明显的现代行为，立法者和公共卫生专家正在回归一种古老的方法：他们希望将分心驾驶视为饮酒后驾驶。句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连词，此处需要使用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处使用不定式作目的状语，符合句意，故填t change。
6．考查形容词。句意：因此，为了改变一种明显的现代行为，立法者和公共卫生专家正在回归一种古老的方法：他们希望将分心驾驶视为饮酒后驾驶。位于动名词前使用形容词作定语，故填distracted。
7．考查介词。句意：纽约立法者的一个想法是给警察一种新的设备，称为Textalyzer。结合句意可知，此处使用介词frm/by“出自”符合句意，故填frm/by。
8．考查连词。句意：这项技术可以确定司机是否只是发短信、发电子邮件或做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。此处缺少宾语从句连接词，结合句意可知使用whether /if“是否”符合句意，故填whether/if。
9．考查定语从句。句意：“我们需要一些能够改变人们行为的东西，”费利克斯·W·奥尔蒂斯说，他推动了该州禁止司机使用手持设备的禁令。此处引导定语从句，先行词为smething，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that，故填that。
10．考查形容词比较级。句意：“如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，”他说，“人们将更加害怕把手放在手机上。”结合和句意可知，如果法案成为法律，相较于之前人们会更害怕把手放在手机上，故填mre afraid。
(23-24高二下·上海杨浦区·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Gender Equality
In many cultures, wmen have histrically been discriminated against and treated as secnd-class citizens. Even tday, many girls and wmen encunter significant challenges. Frtunately, there are rganizatins 1 (strive) t advance equitable treatment f girls and wmen.
The questin remains 2 girls in varius lcatins truly have equal educatinal pprtunities cmpared t bys. In cuntries with verwhelming pverty and strict gender rles, girls face a higher likelihd f 3 (pull) ut f schl. Shckingly, millins f girls wrldwide are frced int marriage befre reaching 18, which prematurely ends their childhd and hinders their educatinal jurney.
Even in cuntries 4 educatinal pprtunities are available fr girls, their aspiratins (志向) can be limited by psychlgical barriers. Girls wh 5 (nt witness) wmen succeed in particular fields ften dubt their wn ability 6 (enter) thse fields. Nnetheless, as mre wmen achieve success, their influence culd ptentially pave the way fr future generatins.
The imprtance f gender equality extends beynd just wmen; it benefits sciety as a whle. Research indicates that every dllar 7 (invest) in wmen’s and children’s health can yield a significant lng-term return f $20. Educated wmen cntribute significantly t their cmmunities 8 their wrk and by transmitting their knwledge and appreciatin f educatin t their children.
Thus, it is essential t prmte gender equality 9 we can build a brighter future where everyne has equal pprtunities and sciety as a whle can reap the benefits f a 10 (educated) ppulatin.
【答案】
1．striving 2．whether 3．being pulled 4．where 5．haven’t witnessed 6．t enter 7．invested 8．thrugh 9．s that 10．mre educated
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了性别平等的重要性，特别是针对女性和女孩在教育领域的机会。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，有一些组织正在努力推进女孩和妇女的公平待遇。句子已有谓语动词are，空白处在句子中作定语，此处应使用非谓语动词。strive与逻辑主语rganizatins之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填striving。
2．考查同位语从句。句意：在不同的地区女孩是否真正与男孩享有平等的教育机会这一问题仍然存在，即此处需要一个连接词引导同位语从句，说明The questin内容，因为从句结构完整。连接词表示“是否”，用连接词whether，故填whether。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在极度贫困和严格性别角色分工的国家，女孩面临更高的辍学风险。此处为f介词的宾语，故使用动名词形式，且girls与pull ut f schl之间是被动关系，使用动名词的被动式，故填being pulled。
4．考查定语从句。句意：即使在为女孩提供教育机会的国家，她们的抱负也可能受到心理障碍的限制。此处需要一个关系词引导定语从句，先行词是cuntries，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。
5．考查时态。句意：没有见过女性在某些领域取得成功的女孩往往怀疑自己进入这些领域的能力。此处是wh引导的定语从句的谓语动词，根据句意，此处表示“没有见过”，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，使用现在完成时，主语Girls为复数，故填haven’t witnessed。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为ability的后置定语，且空白处表示的是一个指向将来的不确定的动作，使用动词不定式；the ability t d“……的能力”，故填t enter。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究表明，每投资一美元在妇女和儿童的健康上，长期来看可以带来高达20美元的回报。此处为dllar的后置定语，使用非谓语动词，dllar与invest之间是逻辑上的被动关系，使用过去分词，故填invested。
8．考查介词。句意：受过教育的女性通过工作和向子女传授知识以及对教育的重视，对社区做出了巨大贡献。根据下文“and by transmitting their knwledge and appreciatin f educatin t their children(和向子女传授知识以及对教育的重视)”可知此处表示“通过……的方式”，故填thrugh。
9．考查连词。句意：因此，促进性别平等至关重要，这样我们才能建立一个更加光明的未来，让每个人都有平等的机会，整个社会都能从受过教育的人口中获益。此处需要一个连接词引导目的状语从句，故填s that。
10．考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。根据上文“a brighter future(一个更加光明的未来)”可知，此处将现在与未来进行比较，使用形容词比较级，故填mre educated。
(22-23高二下·上海复旦附中·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ONE wrd that best fits each blank.
Cping With the Sunday Scaries
A few years ag, I was in the kitchen f a friend’s huse preparing a meal. When we all sat dwn t eat, my friend’s wife wlfed dwn her supper and then disappeared int anther rm t d sme wrk. He smiled and said, “Sunday nights are the new Mnday mrnings arund here.”
I was surprised at the time. Nw, I find myself 1 (behave) in exactly the same manner. Every time I pen up my calendar n Sunday evening, a subtle sense f dread cmes ver me. I feel as 2 I am behind befre the week has even begun.
Apparently, my Sunday-night anxieties and Mnday-mrning blues are nt unique t me alne. A new study led by Ilke Inceglu frm the University f Exeter fund that this phenmenn ften takes the frm f mental cncerns abut the week ahead, as well as feelings f nervusness and difficulty with sleeping. “It’s as if yur mind mves away frm 3 has been experienced ver the weekend as the general sense f relaxatin r enjyment, and quickly shifts twards whatever wrries yu have abut everything yu’ve gt t d in the wrk week ahead,” said ne f Inceglu’s respndents.
Inceglu fund that these Sunday scaries were particularly prnunced 4 peple wh frequently checked their emails during the weekend, had tasks left ver frm the previus week, and had unreasnably high expectatins f themselves. These matters seem 5 (make) wrse as a result f the pandemic, where the rise f wrking frm hme 6 (blur) the bundaries between wrk and leisure.
What shuld we d abut the “Sunday scaries”? Researchers have ffered sme useful suggestins that 7 help us make Mnday less depressing. One is t change 8 yu think abut the weekend. One U.S. study fund that when participants were asked t treat their weekend as a mini-vacatin, they tended t d mre cheerful activities and returned t wrk n Mnday satisfied with their jbs. 9 secnd way is t redesign ur Mnday s that it has sme f the features that make us feel gd during the weekend. Intrducing simple changes, such as starting the day with smething yu are gd at, setting aside a little unstructured time where yu are able t d what yu want, r setting up a lunchtime date with 10 yu find enjyable t be arund, culd make all the difference.
【答案】
1．behaving 2．if/thugh 3．what 4．amng
5．t be made 6．has blurred 7．can 8．hw 9．The 10．smene/smebdy/whm
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从身边人的故事以及自己的故事谈起周日恐惧这一心理问题，描述并分析了这种问题，最后给出了一些有用的应对方法。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，我发现自己不知不觉间行为方式完全相同。根据“find myself”可知，空处作宾语补足语，是非谓语动词，behave“行为”和myself逻辑上是主动关系，应用behave的现在分词形式behaving，构成固定短语find neself ding sth.，意为“发现自己不知不觉地做某事”。故填behaving。
2．考查表语从句。句意：我感觉好像这一周还没开始，自己就落后了。根据“I feel as”和空后成分完整的句子可推知，空处应用if或thugh和as构成固定表达as if或as thugh，意为“好像，似乎”，引导名词性从句作句子的表语。故填if/thugh。
3．考查宾语从句。句意：Inceglu的一位受访者说：“就好像你的思绪远离了周末所经历的类似放松或享受的感觉，快速转移到了你对未来一周工作中必须做的事情的担忧上。”分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作frm的宾语，宾语从句缺少主语，结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
4．考查介词。句意：Inceglu发现，这些周日的恐惧在那些周末经常查看电子邮件、有前一周剩下的任务、对自己期望过高的人中尤为明显。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处用介词amng表示“在……之中”，此处指“在那些周末经常查看电子邮件、有前一周剩下的任务、对自己期望过高的人中“。故填amng。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于疫情，这些问题似乎变得更糟，在家办公的兴起模糊了工作与休闲之间的界限。根据“seem”可知，此处用固定短语seem t d sth.，意为“似乎……”，且make“使，让”和These matters逻辑上是被动关系，空处应用不定式被动语态t be made。故填t be made。
6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于疫情，这些问题似乎变得更糟，在家办公的兴起模糊了工作与休闲之间的界限。分析句子可知，空处作where引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语，结合句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，时态应用现在完成时，且主语the rise为单数，助动词用has。故填has blurred。
7．考查情态动词。句意：研究人员提供了一些有用的建议，可以帮助我们让周一不那么沮丧。分析句子可知，空处应用情态动词和help组成谓语动词，结合useful suggestins和help us make Mnday less depressing可推知，此处表示了一些有用的建议“可以”帮助我们让周一不那么沮丧，表示能力，且主句时态为现在完成时，空处应用情态动词can。故填can。
8．考查宾语从句。句意：一种是改变你看待周末的方式。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作change的宾语，结合句意可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词hw作引导词。故填hw。
9．考查冠词。句意：第二种方法是重新设计我们的周一，让它有一些让我们在周末感觉良好的特征。根据“secnd”和上文已经介绍一种建议可推知，此处表示“第二种方法”，空处应用the和序数词secnd搭配，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填The。
10．考查不定代词或宾语从句。句意：做一些简单的改变，比如从你擅长的事情开始新的一天，留出一点自由的时间，在那里你可以做你想做的事情，或者和你喜欢待一起的人约个午餐时间，这些都可以让你的生活大不一样。分析句子可知，with缺少宾语，空后的yu find enjyable t be arund可以理解为修饰空处的限制性定语从句，空处是先行词，在从句中作宾语，引导从句的关系代词被省略，结合语境可知，空处此时表示“某人”，应用不定代词smene或smebdy；或理解为空处引导名词性从句作with的宾语，宾语从句缺少宾语，结合语境可知，宾语指人，应用连接代词whm作引导词。故填smene/smebdy/whm。
(22-23高二下·上海华二附中·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage, cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fit s each blank.
Scientists were deeply cncerned abut what was happening. Avian vacular myelinpathy (AVM) was first discvered in the winter f 1994 1 29 bald eagle carcasses were fund near DeGray Lake, a man-made reservir in Arkansas. Tw years later, at least 70 eagles had died acrss several Arkansas reservirs. By 1998, cnditins cntinued t deterirate as dead birds f different species including American cts, mallards and ring-necked ducks were cnfirmed at ten sites acrss six states. All f the dcumented cases f this 2 (emerge) disease ccurred n r near manmade water reservirs with abundant aquatic vegetatin.
But what particularly puzzled scientists was 3 these birds behaved befre they died. The birds were bserved suddenly flying straight 4 statinary bjects (rck walls and trees), swimming in circles, and with their wings drped. Fr many years, scientists frm state and federal agencies tried t figure ut what was killing the birds and the testing f sediment and dead birds at affected water reservirs fr xenbitic cmpunds that cause AVM 5 (reveal) nthing. Necrpsies f the birds’ brains shwed widespread vaculatin f white matter f the central nervus system and spinal crd which explained their uncrdinated behaviur.
Early studies suggested that an unknwn, seasnal and envirnmental neurtxin 6 be respnsible. Recently, a paper published in the jurnal Science has pinpinted the exact neurtxin respnsible fr the death f thse bald eagles in Arkansas. The research describes the series f events that leads t AVM. It’s a fatal three-part prcess that requires invasive plants, abundant bacteria, and chemicals in the envirnment. It begins with the invasive plant named Hydrilla verticillata, als called waterthyme, first intrduced t the United States in the 1950’s 7 an aquarium plant. The plant is hme t cyanbacteria called Aetkthns hydrillicla which clnize up t 95% f the plant leaves. The cyanbacteria aren’t 8 deadly t waterbirds but when they 9 (expse) t the chemical brmide in the envirnment, they prduce a dangerus neurtxin called aetkthntxin which causes AVM in birds.
Previus field and labratry studies have als demnstrated that AVM in herbivrus waterbirds due t the ingestin f H. verticillata can be transferred up the fd chain t birds f prey which cnsume the 10 (affect) waterfwl. AVM thus presents a threat t multiple avian species. Furthermre, feeding trials have als cnfirmed neurpathy and mrtality in a wide range f taxa including amphibians, reptiles, and fish. This wrk highlights the rle f cyanbacteria as ptentially dangerus txin prducers and further research int hw the txin effects human health via the cnsumptin f fish and waterbirds frm these cntaminated reservirs is urgently required.
【答案】
1．when 2．emerging 3．that
4．t/twards 5．revealing 6．can
7．as 8．the 9．expse 10．affected
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了禽类空泡性髓鞘病(AVM)的原因和对鸟类的影响。
1．考查定语从句。句意：禽类空泡性髓鞘病(AVM)在1994年冬天首次被发现，当时29只白头鹰的尸体在阿肯色州的一个人工水库德格雷湖附近被发现。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词1994指时间，且从句中缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when来引导。故填when。
2．考查考查形容词。句意：所有记录的这种新出现的病例都发生在有丰富水生植被的人工水库上或附近。分析句式结构可知，disease是名词，所以应该用形容词修饰名词，根据文章的介绍可知，这种病是最新出现的，所以科学家才要加以研究，emerging新兴的、发展初期的，故填emerging。
3．考查表语从句。句意：但让科学家们特别困惑的是，这些鸟在死前的行为。分析句式结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中不缺少句子成分，所以用that来引导。故填that。
4．考查介词。句意：人们观察到这些鸟突然直接飞向静止的物体(岩壁和树木)，绕圈游泳，翅膀下垂。根据flying straight可知，此处用介词t或者twards来表示“朝向……”飞去。故填t或者twards。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，来自州和联邦机构的科学家们试图找出导致鸟类死亡的原因，并对受影响水库的沉积物和死鸟进行了检测，以寻找导致AVM的异种化合物，结果一无所获。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作状语动词作状语，又因为reveal和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填revealing。
6．考查情态动词。句意：早期的研究表明，一种未知的季节性和环境神经毒素可能是罪魁祸首。分析句意可知，此处表示一种客观上的可能性，表示“能、会”，所以情态动词can。故填can。
7．考查介词。句意：它始于一种名为黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)的入侵植物，也被称为水百里香，它于20世纪50年代作为一种水族馆植物首次引入美国。分析句意再根据an aquarium plant可知，此处用介词as表示“作为”一种水族馆植物。故填as。
8．考查冠词。句意：蓝藻对水鸟来说并不是致命的（水生植物），但当它们接触到环境中的化学溴化物时，它们会产生一种危险的神经毒素，这种毒素被称为aetkthntxin（一种新型蓝藻神经毒素），会导致鸟类患空泡性髓鞘病。因为deadly是形容词，所以此处用“the+形容词”表示一类事物。故填the。
9．考查动词时态。句意：同上。短语expse t暴露于，文章的基础时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，所以谓语动词用动词原形，故填expse。
10．考查过去分词。句意：先前的实地和实验室研究也表明，草食性水禽由于摄入黑藻而产生的AVM可以沿着食物链向上转移到食用受影响水禽的猛禽身上。空处作定语，waterfwl与affect之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词表被动，故填affected。
(22-23高二下·上海上海中学·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect.
Tw Ancient Stries and the Gelgical Events That May Have Inspired Them
Myths have fed the imaginatins and suls f humans fr thusands f years. The vast majrity f these are just stries peple 1 (hand) dwn thrugh the ages. But a few have rts in real gelgical events f the past, prviding warning f ptential dangers and speaking t the awe we hld fr the pwer f the planet.The Oracle (神示所) at Delphi
In ancient Greece, in the twn f Delphi n the slpes f Munt Parnassus, there was a temple 2 (devte) t the gd Apll. Within a sacred chamber, a priestess called the Pythia wuld breathe in sweet-smelling vaprs cming frm 3 crack in the rck. These vaprs wuld send her int a state f excitement during which she wuld channel Apll and speak 4 wuld then be turned int prphesies (预言) by a priest.
Science: The temple was a real place, and scientists have discvered tw gelgic faults (断层) 5 (run) beneath the site, nw in ruins. Gas was likely cming frm thse cracks 6 the racle was in actin.Atlantis
Plat, the ancient Greek philspher, wrte that Atlantis, a great civilizatin funded by a race f peple wh were half gd and half human, 7 (destry) in a great disaster.
Science: Atlantis prbably wasn’t a real place, but a real island civilizatin may have inspired the tale. 8 the cntestants is Santrini in Greece. Santrini is nw a grup f islands, but thusands f years ag it was a single island — a vlcan named Thera. Arund 3, 500 years ag, the vlcan blew up, destrying the island, setting ff tsunamis and blwing tns f sulfur dixide (二氧化硫) int the atmsphere 9 it cntinued t exist fr years and prbably caused many cld, wet summers. Thse cnditins wuld have ruined harvests in the regin and are thught 10 (cntribute) t the quick decline f the Minans, wh had dminated the Mediterranean frm nearby Crete.
【答案】
1．have handed 2．devted 3．a 4．what 5．running 6．when 7．was destryed 8．Amng 9．where 10．t have cntributed
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了两个古老的故事和可能启发它们的地质事件。
1．考查动词时态。句意：其中绝大多数只是人们代代相传的故事。分析句子结构可知，本句是限制性定语从句修饰先行词stries，从句中缺少谓语动词，所以hand作从句谓语，结合thrugh the ages和句意应用现在完成时，表示一直持续的动作。故填have handed。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在古希腊，在帕那索斯山山坡上的德尔菲镇，有一座供奉阿波罗神的神庙。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：be devted t意为“献身于”，又本句已有谓语动词are，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰名词a temple。故填devted。
3．考查冠词。句意：在一个神圣的房间里，一位名叫皮提亚的女祭司会吸入从岩石裂缝中冒出的甜味蒸汽。分析句子结构可知，crack意为“裂缝”为可数名词，泛指一条裂缝，前应用不定冠词修饰，crack为辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
4．考查宾语从句。句意：这些蒸汽会让她进入一种兴奋的状态，在这种状态下，她会与阿波罗联系，说出一些话，然后由一位牧师转化为预言。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，应该用连接代词what引导。故填what。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这座寺庙是一个真实的地方，科学家们已经发现了两个地质断层在遗址下面运行，现在已经成为废墟。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语have discvered，所以run应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是tw gelgic faults，两者是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填running。
6．考查状语从句。句意：当神谕运行时，气体很可能来自这些裂缝。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表达“当……时”之意，用when引导。故填when。
7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：古希腊哲学家柏拉图写道，由半神半人的种族建立的伟大文明亚特兰蒂斯在一场大灾难中毁灭了。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的宾语从句，从句中缺少谓语，所以destry作从句的谓语，主语是Atlantis，为第三人称单数，和destry之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据主句wrte可知，用一般过去时。故填was destryed。
8．考查介词。句意：希腊的圣托里尼岛(Santrini)也在参赛城市之列。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“在这些竞争者之中”，此处应该用介词amng意为“在……之中”，一般用于三者或以上，首字母大写。故填Amng。
9．考查定语从句。句意：大约3500年前，这座火山喷发，摧毁了这座岛屿，引发了海啸，并将成吨的二氧化硫吹到大气中，二氧化硫在大气中持续存在了多年，可能造成了许多寒冷潮湿的夏天。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是atmsphere，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些条件会破坏该地区的收成，并被认为是米诺斯人迅速衰落的原因，米诺斯人从附近的克里特岛统治了地中海。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语are thught，所以cntribute用非谓语形式，此处是固定搭配：be thught t d意思是“被认为是”，又因描述的过去的事对另一时间的影响，用不定式的完成式（t have dne）。故填t have cntributed。
(22-23高二下·上海嘉定区·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Mst underrated pleasures f ne’s life
One f the biggest drivers f gd relatinships in ur lives is a develped level f understanding in thse relatinships. The relatinships 1 this understanding end up creating t much maintenance wrk. S it becmes mre like luggage r at least smething that needs attentin r care rather than fun.
I realized it with a cuple f friends f mine. Recently my “friend ecsystem” had a sudden change. A cuple f them 2 (leave) althugh I still have a cuple arund. I am als adding a cuple f new nes.
The whle change made me thughtful. I started t think abut the cause f being better friends with sme. It turns ut that amng the large number f ther factrs, ne f the key nes is 3 (understand). It can then be extended t persnal and even business relatinships.
While 4 (hire) a key emplyee, ne can be sure that it will wrk well if the ther persn enjys and understands yu well. It will be far 5 (prductive) as the relatinship related maintenance is lw and yu can fcus n actual utput. It 6 help yu even when yu are lking fr funding partners, seed capital r business jint ventures (企业).
Finally, hw d yu ensure yu are understd? T start with, make sure that the peple wh 7 (matter) t yu in any capacity like business, managerial, persnal r family have an pen relatinship with yu. Creating an pen envirnment 8 thers can discuss cnstructive aspects r difficult discussin is imprtant.
Being caring and respectful t 9 and being truthful are tw different things. Truthfulness is as imprtant as being respectful and caring. In the lng term, truthfulness will result in a caring relatinship. 10 yu are understd well and have an pen relatinship, yu can’t be truthful.
When yu get t that level with the persn where yu are cmpletely understd, it will be an awesme feeling!
【答案】
1．withut 2．left/ have left//were leaving 3．being understd 4．hiring 5．mre prductive 6．can/may 7．matter 8．where 9．smene/smebdy/ne 10．Unless
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要分析并表达了人与人之间要保持良好的关系，最关键的就是能够被理解，这也是人生中最被低估的乐趣这一观点。
1．考查介词。句意：没有这种理解的关系，最终会产生过多的维护工作。分析句子可知，空处应为介词，后接名词短语“this understanding”，表示“没有”。故填withut。
2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他们中的一些人离开了，尽管我还有几个朋友在身边。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据上一句中的谓语动词“had”和句意可知，本句表达一些朋友已经离开或是当时正在离开，故可用过去时、现在完成时或过去进行时；主语是“A cuple f them”，谓语应为复数形式。故填left/have left/were leaving。
3．考查动名词。句意：事实证明，在众多其他因素中，其中一个关键因素是被理解。分析句子和句意可知， 空处应为非谓语动词形式，作表语，表示一般情况，应用动名词形式；根据第五段“Finally, hw d yu ensure yu are understd?”（最后，你如何包保证自己被理解？）及本句句意可知，关键因素之一是被理解，故应用动名词的被动语态。故填being understd。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：在雇佣一名关键员工的时候，如果对方很喜欢你，也很理解你，那肯定会很顺利。根据句中谓语“can be”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，作时间状语，与“ne”形成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填hiring。
5．考查形容词比较级。句意：这样做的效率会高得多，因为与关系相关的维护成本较低，你可以专注于实际产出。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作表语；far作副词，一般修饰形容词的比较级形式，表示“……得多”。故填mre prductive。
6．考查情态动词。句意：它能够/可能会帮助你，甚至当你在寻找投资伙伴，原始资本或商业合资企业时。根据谓语动词“help”和句意可知，空处应为情态动词，表示“能够/可能”。故填can/may。
7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：首先，确保那些在商业、管理、个人或家庭等方面对你很重要的人与你保持开放的关系。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词，表示“要紧、有关系”；根据句中“have”和句意可知，应用一般现在时，表示客观现实；主语是“wh”，指代先行词“the peple”，故谓语动词应为复数。故填matter。
8．考查定语从句关系词。句意： 创造一个开放的环境是很重要的，在这里其他人可以讨论建设性的问题或进行困难的讨论。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“envirnment”，在从句中作状语，表示“在这个环境中”，故应用关系副词where。故填where。
9．考查不定代词。句意：关心、尊重别人和诚实是两回事。分析句子和句意可知，空处应为代词，作宾语，泛指“某人、一个人”，故可用不定代词smene/smebdy/ne。故填smene/smebdy/ne。
10．考查连词。句意：除非你被很好地理解，并且有一个开放的关系，否则你不可能诚实。分析句子可知，空处应为连词，后接状语从句；根据前文“Truthfulness is as imprtant as being respectful and caring. ”（诚实与尊重、关心同样重要。）可知，一个人只有在获得关心和尊重，能被别人很好地理解时，才会对对方诚实，故根据句意，空处应用unless，表示“除非”；句首字母大写。故填Unless。