专题05 阅读还原六选四（优选上海名校真题）（上海专用）-【真题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编.zip

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专题05 阅读还原六选四（优选上海名校真题）
(23-24高二下·上海敬业中学·期末)
Crazy Laws
It seems that the Greek philspher, Aristtle, was right when he said, “Even when laws have been written dwn, they ught nt always t remain unaltered.” 1 Sme f them were strange right frm the start!
Did yu knw, fr example, that Lndn taxis (fficially called Hackney carriages) are still legally required t carry hay and ats fr their hrses t eat? And in England, it is illegal t stand within 100 yards (91 metres) f the queen, withut wearing scks?
If yu live in Sctland, hwever, it’s imprtant t knw that if smene kncks at the dr f yur huse, and needs t use yur tilet, yu are legally required t let him in. 2 There, it is perfectly legal t sht a Sctsman with a bw and arrw, unless it is a Sunday!
3 In France, yu cannt call yur pig Naplen, and in Italy, a man can be arrested fr wearing a skirt. That’s nt all. In Alaska, US, while it’s legal t sht bears, waking a sleeping bear t take its pht is prhibited. Still in Alaska, it is cnsidered an ffence t push a live mse ut f an aerplane.
Lts f the craziest laws seem t invlve animals. 4 And in Flrida, if an elephant is left tied t a parking meter, the parking fine must be paid, just as it wuld fr a vehicle.
Last, children are frbidden frm ging t schl with their breath smelling f wild nins in West Virginia. And in Arkansas, teachers wh have a certain hairc ut (a bb) will nt be given a pay-rise. In Flrida, a wman can be fined fr falling asleep under the hair-dryer and unmarried wmen must nt parachute n a Sunday. If they d, they might be arrested, receive a fine r be put in jail.
A．But if yu are Scttish yu shuld stay away frm the city f Yrk.
B．Never shuld a Sctsman leave his wn cuntry.
C．But strange laws dn’t just exist in the UK.
D．England is the place where craziest laws have been in existence fr centuries.
E．Laws in sme parts f the wrld haven’t changed fr centuries.
F．In Hllywd, it is illegal t take mre than 2,000 sheep dwn Hllywd Bulevard at any ne time.
(23-24高二下·上海青浦区·期末)
Hw Yung Americans Spend Their Mney
Yung peple have always puzzled their elders. Tday’s yungsters are n different; indeed, they are cnfusing. They have thin wallets and expensive tastes. They prize cnvenience and a scial cnscience. They want shpping t be persnal. 1 As they start spending in earnest, brands are trying t understand what these walking paradxes with cnflicting features want and hw they shp. The answers will define the next era f cnsumerism.
Their abslute numbers are impressive. The Eurpean Unin is hme t nearly 125m peple between the ages f ten (the yungest will becme cnsumers in the next few years) and 34. America has anther 110m f these Gen-Zs and millennials, a third f the ppulatin. The annual spending f husehlds headed by American Gen-Zs and millennials hit $2.7trn in 2021, arund 30% f the ttal.
2 Frrester, a market-research firm, fund that mst users f “buy nw, pay later” apps are arund 20. Megan Sctt, a 20-year-ld student frm Lndn, speaks fr many f her peers by admitting that, when shpping, she has n self-cntrl—until the bill arrives.
The light-speed nline wrld als appears t have lwered tlerances fr lng delivery times. A study by Salesfrce, a business-sftware giant, fund that Gen-Z Americans, wh prefer t use their phnes t pay fr shpping, are the likeliest f all age grups t want their grceries delivered within an hur. 3
The Internet has als changed hw the yung discver brands. Print, billbard r TV advertising has given way t scial media. Instagram, part f Meta’s empire, and TikTk, a Chinese-wned app, are where the yung lk fr inspiratin, particularly fr gds where lks matter such as fashin, beauty and sprtswear. 4 Such apps are increasingly adding features that allw users t shp withut ever leaving the platfrm. Accrding t McKinsey, six in ten Americans under the age f 25 had cmpleted a purchase n a scial-media site.
A．They desire genuineness while cnstantly immersed in a digital wrld.
B．TikTk’s user-generated vides can lead even tiny brands t speedy viral fame.
C．The lifestyle f the “mnlight clan” has made many yung peple feel verwhelmed.
D．Easy access t means f spreading payments may encurage spending mney like water.
E．A heightened expectatin f cnvenience cmes with being raised in the age f Amazn.
F．These “always-n purchasers” ften shift frm a weekly shp t quicker fixes f everything frm fashin t furniture.
(23-24高二下·上海华二紫竹·期末)
Hw lng shuld my nvel be?
This is a questin I’m ften asked, and it’s certainly nt the same answer as hw lng a piece f string is! S, hw lng shuld yur bk actually be?
If we wrk backwards, frm a prductin department pint f view, a bk f apprximately 100,000 wrds will cme in smewhere between 300 t 400 pages. 1 I’d suggest that 80,000 wrds up wrks well, ccasinally stretching t 120,000 wrds n rare ccasins.
Shrter texts are less daunting (使人气馁的) fr an agent t submit rather than a blck f manuscript s aim t make yur publicatin path easier. There’s an implicatin that a standard bk length shuld have a tighter handle n pacing, with the reader mre readily drawn in. In turn, an verlng nvel ften indicates t a publisher that there’s ptentially extensive editing wrk t be dne by them.
2 Fr example, histrical fictin culd mre cmfrtably sit near the 120,000 mark. Literary fictin can head in the ther directin, with 60,000 wrds still ffering a feeling f fundamental wrth t the publisher and reader, with an implicatin that the text is highly develped.
Mre cmmnly, issues ver length tend t highlight that pacing is an issue, be it t lng r t shrt. Overwriting, in particular, can be an issue fr many authrs, wh might struggle t express their ideas clearly, using cmplex language that play dwn the flw f the bk. Successful writing cntains a clarity f thught that enables the writer t cnnect with the reader fr maximum impact, allwing the stry, characters and setting t shine thrugh.
In terms f cntent, it’s imprtant fr an authr t priritise the key themes in the bk. 3 Allw yur reader t piece tgether infrmatin yu delicately wrk thrugh yur text and avid excess scenes and infrmatin, revealing instead what’s needed t keep that tensin pulsing. Be brave as yu cut back n the unnecessary, keeping a backup cpy f yur nvel just in case yu change yur mind.
Wrk intuitively, frm the heart, keeping secrets fr as lng as pssible s the reader is frced t read n. In this way, a reader will readily cnnect with yur wrds. 4
A．Bks d have different threshlds (门槛) accrding t genre.
B．This is plenty fr a typical authr’s bk, particularly the first ne.
C．Yes, there are exceptins t every genre but these are generally rare.
D．Is everything f equal imprtance and des everything need t be included?
E．Lnger bks are mre expensive t prduce and harder t sell in, s it increases their risk.
F．With a firm handle n length, yur nvel will have increased its chances f cmmercial publicatin.
(23-24高二下·上海闵行区教育学院附中·期末)
Hw t imprve efficiency when wrking at hme?
Distinguish between wrk and hme mde
One f the biggest merits abut wrking frm hme-slwly mving frm bed t the sfa five minutes befre yu start-can als be yur biggest challenge, says Eyre-White. Dn’t frget that yu are there t wrk — 1 “Switch frm hme t wrk mde,” she says, by having smething yu physically d t “flip the switch”.
“Maybe it’s walking rund the blck, making a special kind f tea, r lighting a candle at yur desk. It desn’t matter what it is but d it withut fail t create a strng assciatin in yur mind,” she says.
Be realistic abut what yu can achieve
“A wide, pen day wrking frm hme can feel full f pssibilities. 145 things n the t d list? N prblem! Dn’t fall int the trap f being ver-ambitius,” says Eyre-White. Instead, she recmmends being realistic and then pssibly achieving mre than yu set ut t; and feeling satisfied, rather than feeling disappinted yu didn’t d everything.
She suggests chsing three t five things t d and aim t get the majrity dne befre lunch. “ 2 .”she recmmends.
Wrk in shrt bursts
In the ffice yur day is brken up by everything frm meeting s t water-cler chats, lunch breaks and even tilet breaks, but when yu are sat at hme n yur wn with n face-t-face interactin planned it can be easy t just wrk fr lng, unbrken perids.
“ 3 Althugh this can be frustrating, they divide the day up and create natural chunks f time,” explains Eyre-White. “In cntrast, a day at hme can be very unstructured.”
In rder t be prductive, she recmmends impsing structure n yurself. Fr example, wrking in 45-60 minute chunks f fcused wrk fllwed by a shrt break. “This can be an effective way t break the day up and maintain yur cncentratin levels,” she says.
Manage distractins
Being in an ffice gives us a limited number f ways t get distracted but when yu start wrking in a new envirnment (especially a very familiar ne) it can be easy t let yurself get distracted.
“ 4 ” says Byre-White. “S practively manage things which might interrupt yur fcus.”
She explains: “Keep them limited t shrt breaks in between chunks f fcused wrk. A change f scene is all we need t give ur brain a break, and it’s the perfect time t put a lad f washing n r empty the dishwasher.”
A．There are a lt f ptential distractins when we wrk frm hme.
B．Unless yu’re self-islating, wrking frm hme shuldn’t mean that yu dn’t leave the huse at all r dn’t see anyne fr tw weeks.
C．We all slwdwn in the mid-afternn and having a lt f yur list under yur belt will give yu the mtivatin t pwer thrugh.
D．Leave yur desk fr lunch and take advantage f being at hme t walk the dg and blw the cbwebs away fr half an hur in the afternn.
E．When we’re in the ffice ur day is nrmally brken up with meetings.
F．S set yurself up the right way, get dressed and brush yur teeth at the start f the day rather than sitting in yur pyjamas fr eight hurs.
(23-24高二下·上海川沙中学·期末)
Immersive Art Draws Peple In
With bld, swirling brushstrkes (绘画技巧) and vivid clrs, Vincent van Ggh’s stirring Starry Night brings t life a turbulent (汹涌的) sky. It’s ne f the mst recgnizable paintings in the wrld. And gazing at the scenic canvas can make museum visitrs feel starstruck.
But seeing this masterpiece n a gallery wall isn’t the nly way art fans can experience its impact 1 . They find themselves surrunded by shimmering clrs that dance befre their eyes and ripple (涟漪) at their feet. These exhibitins digitally prject mving images nt walls, flrs, and smetimes nt viewers themselves. They are examples f immersive art.
2 . While it can be hard t characterize, it’s generally a multisensry, an interactive event that engages viewers and lets them feel like part f the artwrk. One thing is certain — these exhibitins have been wildly ppular — selling ut tickets in cities wrldwide.
Van Ggh gained fame nly after his death. In fact, the 19th-century painter sld just ne painting during his lifetime. But nw he is immersive art’s biggest superstar. His wrk has been shwcased in varius exhibitins featuring immense images. 3 . One shw, Van Ggh Alive, has appeared in 65 cuntries since 2011. It even features a signature scent fr visitrs t sniff. Shws f ther artists — including Mnet, Renir, and Chagall — have lit up venues, t.
The ppularity f immersive art has been pwered party by scial media. As visitrs pst selfies featuring van Ggh’s art r vides f friends stepping int a fantastical fridge, these experiences draw bigger and bigger crwds. 4 . That’s because many curatrs and creatrs share a cmmn gal — t help mre peple get int art!
A．Immersive art desn’t simply mean sitting in a glass case r fitting in a frame.
B．The art wrk is animated and accmpanied by music, vices, and backgrund sund.
C．In fact, sme exhibits give peple a chance t be envelped by van Ggh’s celebrated painting.
D．Meanwhile, traditinal museums are fllwing the trend and applying immersive technlgies
E．Critics nce described his wrk as a multidimensinal mystery huse leading t secret passages.
F．Mre imprtant is the ability t bridge the gap between traditinal art spaces and mdern audiences.
(23-24高二下·上海南汇中学·期末)
A new technique t wrk ut a crpse’s time f death
In fictin, frensic (法医的) experts presented with a crpse are able t take a bite f their sandwich and instantly prnunce a time f death. Reality is, f curse, a lt messier, and the results — r lack f them — can make r break a case.
Nw artificial intelligence is ffering a helping hand. By analyzing thusands f deaths and what fllws, the technlgy can ffer the best estimates s far f PMI, Pst-Mrtem Interval (尸体死后间隔).
1 Fr decades these specialists have had t rely n intuitin, cmbined with bservatins f the state f the deceased and clues such as temperature, bth f the dead bdy and the envirnment. Different bdies decay at different rates, hwever, and individual circumstances can thrw ff the mst careful PMI calculatins. A bdy fund in a ditch in nrthern England in 2004, fr example, was given a wrngly late time f death because the ditch was sheltered frm sunlight and the clder-than-expected cnditins had helped preserve the crpse.
Frensis-science jurnals are full f such cases while the ptentially useful details f thusands mre investigatins are buried in case files arund the wrld. 2 . The result is an AI-pwered tl, called geFOR, that culd ffer the mst reliable estimates f PMI s far. Sandwiches are nt included.
Develped by a research team led by Katherine Weisensee at Clemsn University in Suth Carlina, the mdel is based n data pled frm mre than 2,500 death investigatins, with mre added each week. Abut 1,800 f these are real-wrld cases invlving the discvery f a bdy. 3 . Crpses here are left t decay fr weeks and mnths under varied circumstances. With their precise PMI knwn, phts and descriptins f their varius states f decmpsitin ver time, alng with infrmatin abut temperature, humidity, wind, sil type and ther cnditins, have all helped train the AI mdel.
The results culd be used t check alibis and help slve crimes, but they have ther uses t. Madeline Atwell, a frensic anthrplgist at Clemsn University wh wrks n the prject, says the mdel has already helped clse several missing-persn cases. 4 “Yu match it with missing-persn recrds, and that helps narrw yur time frame,” she says.
A．With mre cases and examples added t the database, the results will be mre reliable.
B．Entering the lcatin allws the AI mdel t take lcal weather cnditins int cnsideratin.
C．The rest are drawn frm frensic experiments at s-called “bdy farms” in Texas and Tennessee.
D．Cmbining time f death with when peple were last seen alive is very useful in identifying human remains.
E．Wrking ut when a persn has died is the mst basic but frustratingly imprecise part f a frensic investigatr’s wrk.
F．Nw frensic researchers in America are wrking t cllect and access these valuable papers, and t use machine learning t analyze them.
(23-24高二下·上海七宝中学·期末)
Are yu a multitasker?
D yu watch TV and ck dinner at the same time? D yu ften interrupt yur wrk t check yur email? D yu talk n yur phne while yu’re driving? 1 Accrding t a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent f American adults multitask regularly.
Mst peple say they multitask because they are t busy, and multitasking saves time. Ppular electrnic devices like tablets and smart phne s make it cnvenient t d several tasks at nce. 2 Melissa Brwn f Evanstn, Illinis, says she has n truble listening t music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages t friends while she des her hmewrk.
3 That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “micr-interruptins” in which peple stp ne task, start anther, and eventually return t the first ne. These stps and starts make it difficult t cncentrate, and s multitaskers actually waste time, accrding t a study at Micrsft Crpratin. In the study, wrkers wh interrupted their wrk t answer an email r text message tk an average f 15 minutes t return t the wrk they were ding befre the interruptin.
4 This desn’t matter if yu’re nly preparing a salad and listening t the radi, they say. But if yu’re ding a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a reprt, then multitasking can slw yu dwn and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerus, as in the case f peple wh talk n the phne, eat, r even apply makeup while driving.
A．S peple feel like they are getting mre dne.
B．If yu d these r similar things, then yu are ne f many multitaskers.
C．Peple are less able t filter ut their knwledge f the previus task and lk at things afresh.
D．Sme psychlgists say that the human brain just isn’t gd at cncentrating n tw things at the same time.
E．Recent studies, hwever, shw that Melissa and thers like her are perhaps getting less dne than they think they are.
F．Nw, with numerus studies t refer t, the answer culd nt be mre clear-multitasking isn’t all it’s suppsed t be.
(23-24高二下·上海松江高级中学·期末)
Ggle is my dctr
When illustratr Sctt Adams lst his vice, his dctrs were cnfused. 1 It turned ut that Sctt was suffering frm spasmdic dysphnia-a neurlgical disrder affecting the muscles t vice. With the help f Ggle Alerts and advice frm his dctrs, Sctt gt in tuch with an expert in the US and had special surgery n his thrat t cure his prblem. He is nw a firm believer f using the Internet fr self-diagnsis.
Adams is ne f an increasing number f peple wh have started using the Internet t get health advice. The advantages are numerus, starting f curse with the bvius cnvenience f getting a diagnsis frm the cmfrt f yur wn hme. 2 But the Internet can prvide a vast number f specialized experts, and Ggling can help yu tap in t that.
Diagnsing minr medical prblems frm infrmatin n the Internet can als have an impact n sciety’s medical csts. Yu can cmpare insect bites with Internet pictures, ask what type they are and whether they are dangerus withut wasting yur busy dctr’s precius time.
Hwever, it must be said that diagnsis is tricky, and cmparing yur rash(疹子) with an nline pht may lead yu dwn the wrng path. 3 Dctrs als take int accunt yur medical histry, state f mind, etc. S n cmputerized symptms checklist can equal a cmplete prfessinal assessment.
In cnclusin, the Internet is a gd starting pint in diagnsing yur health prblems, but yu shuld always cnsult yur dctr befre acting n anything yu find there. 4 .
A．On a prfessinal level, there is n way ne dctr car be an expert in everything.
B．It was nt until he turned t the Internet that he managed t identify his cnditin.
C．This cnditin was the very ne that made him unable t speak
D．Appearance prvides nly ten percent f the infrmatin needed t make a diagnsis.
E．D nt underestimate the value f talking t real peple — dctrs and telephne helplines will help yu put what yu read int cntext.
F．T sum up, if yur dctr refuses t talk t yu, the Internet will give yu a better slutin.
(23-24高二下·上海宝山区·期末)
It is certainly difficult t make mney. But shuld mney be difficult t give away? In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and Jhn D．Rckefeller wrried abut waste and misuse; Carnegie wrte in 1889 that $950 f every $1,000 that went t charity was “unwisely spent”. 1 Dnrs ran lengthy applicatin prcesses, prvided funds and fulfilled painstaking reprting requirements. In 2006 The Ecnmist called it “philanthrcapitalism (慈善资本主义)”.
2 The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% f their cmbined frtunes, accrding t Frbes. At the last cunt in 2022, almst $1.2 trn was sitting in American private fundatins and $230bn in dnr-advised funds, a srt f savings accunt fr dnrs. Plenty f mney is being marked fr charity. But it is nt getting t wrthy causes fast enugh.
Frtunately, a new generatin f dnrs is nce again shaking up the wrld f big philanthrpy (慈善事业). Leading the missin is MacKenzie Sctt, wh simplified the prcess f giving and is dnating billins f dllars a year with few cnditins. This “n-strings giving” is changing mega-dnrs’ lng-held assumptins. 35
One is the recgnitin that philanthrpists d nt have t d everything themselves. 3 An upside f a decades-lng trend fr businesslike philanthrpy is that armies f cnsultants have emerged t help dnrs draw up a strategy and cnduct due diligence n ptential recipients. Dnrs can team up and share the wrk, t.
Anther lessn frm the n-strings crwd is that philanthrpists can trust recipients t put mney t gd use nce the prper due diligence is in place. That means analyzing a nnprfit rganizatin’s annual reprts and interviewing its leaders and ther funders.
A．It ffers lessns fr thse struggling t get mney ut f the dr.
B．In additin t that, her charity wrk is t numerus t mentin.
C．Hwever, this idea that charities’ mney is wasted has been prven wrng by evidence.
D．Mega-dnrs n lnger need t endure the truble f setting up a fundatin and hiring staff.
E．Tw decades n, hwever, it’s becme clear that all this paperwrk puts the brakes n giving.
F．Arund the turn f the millennium dnrs lked t data and rules as a way t stp waste.
(23-24高二下·上海新川中学·期末)
We all have friends that need a little advice, but ne f the prblems with thse types f cnversatins is that it’s really easy t cme ff as a knw-it-all when yu’re ffering help. When yu d that, nbdy’s ging t listen.
1 But it’s nt an easy cnversatin t have smene, especially when yu knw all the extenuating circumstances f the situatin. I talked with relatinship and family therapist Rger S. Gil t get sme advice fr dealing with these situatins.
Obviusly nt everyne is lking fr yur advice. Befre yu g ffering up yur pint f view, make sure they’re interested in hearing it. As Rger Gil pints ut, ften friends aren’t lking fr yu t slve a prblem. They just want yu t listen and maybe ask sme questins. S, ask if they’d like t hear yur input r insights n a prblem, but als ask questins abut why thee feel a certain way. If they say “n”, let them finish their stry and listen plitely. 2 Just wait fr them t finish cmplaining befre ffering advice (r asking if they want). Smetimes the best way t figure smething ut is t d it n their wn.
Speaking f listening. It’s als a gd idea t figure ut right away what yur friends want frm yu. Gil describes this as differentiating between pinins, expert advice, and being a “sunding bard”. Essentially, dn’t pretend like yu knw smething yu dn’t. 39
Nw that yu knw whether r nt yur friends r family actually want yur advice, it’s time t learn hw t advise withut sunding like a knw-it-all. This is a lt harder than yu might think. As Gil pints ut, ne way t ffer advice withut sunding pretentius (自以为是的) is t avid “Yu shuld” statements. 3 By ffering up yur pinin clearly defined as yur pinin, yu remve the implicatin that “yu knw best”.
A．Definitely dn’t act like yu’ve been in a situatin yu haven’t been in.
B．Different situatins require different appraches s we need t knw what we shuld cntribute.
C．Gil als adds that even when yu knw the answer t smething, yu might want t keep yur muth shut.
D．Gil’s advice, seems bvius, but it’s incredibly easy t get n yur high-hrse and use “Yu shuld” if yu’re nt careful.
E．When yu have a friend wh’s stuck in truble, it’s nrmal t want t prvide sme type f insight t get them ut f it.
F．Hwever, the key is t make sure yu stay in “listening mde” fr as lng as pssible, and yu dn’t push yur advice when it isn’t wanted.