2026人教新版九年上册英语 Unit 1 The Changing World! 讲义

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Unit 1 The Changing World 单词解析 Bring about 带来、引起 Eg: The new policy brought about significant economic growth. 新政策带来了显著的经济增长。 【知识拓展】 bring为动词，译为“带来、导致、提出”，其过去式为brought，过去分词为brought。 Eg: Bring your passport when you travel abroad. 出国旅行时带上你的护照。 The news brought joy to everyone. 这个消息给大家带来了喜悦。 She brought up an important issue at the meeting. 她在会议上提出了一个重要问题。 【常见搭配】 bring up 提出（话题）、抚养（孩子） Bring in 引入、赚取 Bring out 出版、使显现 Bring back 带回、使回忆 Bring to light 揭露 Eg: She brought up an important question. 她提出了一个重要问题。 The company brought in a new manager. 公司引入了一位新经理。 This dress brings out her blue eyes. 这条裙子凸显了她的蓝眼睛。 This song brings back childhood memories. 这首歌让我想起童年。 The investigation brought new facts to light. 调查揭露了新事实。 【即学即用】 教育可以带来积极的社会变革。 Education can ________ ________ positive social change. 答案：bring about Rough (形容词) 崎岖的 【用法讲解】 rough还可译为“粗糙的、粗略的、艰难的、粗暴的、恶劣的”等。 Eg: The surface of the rock is very rough. 这块石头的表面非常粗糙。 He gave a rough estimate of the coast. 他给出了一个粗略的成本估算。 We had a rough time during the storm. 暴风雨期间我们过得很艰难。 【常见搭配】 rough and ready 简陋但实用的 Take the rough with the smooth 接受顺境与逆境 In the rough 未加工的、大致上 Eg: The shelter was rough and ready, but it kept us warm. 避难所简陋但实用，让我们保持温暖。 In life, you must take the rough with the smooth. 生活中必须既能享受逆境，也能承受逆境。 His idea is still in the rough. 他的想法还很粗略。 【派生词】 roughly为副词，译为“大约、粗略地”； roughen为动词，译为“使变粗糙”； roughness为名词，译为“粗糙、粗暴”。 Eg: The project will take roughly three months to complete. 这个项目大约需要三个月完成。 Years of hard work have roughened his hands. 多年的辛苦劳作使他的手变得粗糙。 The roughness of the fabric made it uncomfortable to wear. 这种布料粗糙，穿起来不舒服。 【即学即用】 The r________ road made the car vibrate. 答案：rough Be covered with... 被... ... 覆盖 Eg: Her face was covered with freckles. 她的脸上布满雀斑。 【知识拓展】 cover作动词，还可译为“覆盖、涉及、采访、代替、支付、走完一段路程”；cover也可作名词，译为“遮盖物、封皮、避难所”。 Eg: The table is covered with a white cloth. 桌子上覆盖着一块白布。 This book covers a wide range of topics. 这本书涵盖了广泛的主题。 The newspaper covered the event in detail. 报纸详细报道了这一事件。 He covered for me when I was away. 当我离开时，他代替了我的工作。 The insurance covers the cost of the repair. 保险足以支付修理费用。 The hike covered 10 miles. 这次徒步旅行走了10英里。 The book has a beautiful cover. 这本书有一个漂亮的封面。 The box has a plastic cover. 这个盒子有一个塑料盖子。 The forest provided a natural cover for the animals. 森林为动物们提供了一个天然的避难所。 【常见搭配】 from cover to cover 从头到尾阅读 Cover... with ... 用...盖... Eg: I read the novel from cover to cover in one sitting. 我一口气从头到尾读完了这本小说。 She covered her eyes with her hands. 她用手盖住自己的眼睛。 【即学即用】 ( )1. -- May I have a talk with one of your sports reporters? -- Sorry, but all of them are out to _____ the main events of the day. get B. find C. cover D. search 地面被大雪覆盖。 The ground _______ _______ _______ snow. 答案： 1. C 2. was covered with Sandstorm (名词) 沙尘暴 【用法讲解】 sandstorm为可数名词，其复数形式为sandstorms。 Eg: The sandstorm forced the airport to close. 沙尘暴迫使机场关闭。 【即学即用】 Drought and deforestation can cause ___________ (沙尘暴). 答案：sandstorms Farmland (名词) 耕地 【用法讲解】 farmland为不可数名词。 Eg: The government plans to protect farmland from urbanization. 政府计划保护农田免受城市化侵蚀。 【常见搭配】 on farmland 在农田上 Eg: Solar panels are sometimes installed on farmland. 太阳能板有时会安装在农田上。 【即学即用】 The valley is mostly _________ (耕地) growing wheat and corn. 答案：farmland Shortage (名词) 短缺 【用法讲解】 shortage为可数名词，其复数形式为shortages。 Eg: The power shortage forced factories to cut production. 电力短缺迫使工厂减产。 His biggest shortage is patience. 他最大的不足是缺乏耐心。 【常见搭配】 a shortage of ... ...的短缺 Eg: The hospital faces a shortage of medical supplies. 医院面临医疗用品短缺。 【派生词】 short为形容词，译为“短的、不足的”； shorten为动词，译为“缩短”。 Eg: We are running short of time to finish the project. 我们快没有时间完成这个项目了。 The teacher agreed to shorten the homework assignment. 老师同意缩短家庭作业。 【即学即用】 There is a severe water _________ (short) in this region during summer. 答案：shortage Lack (名词) 缺乏 【用法讲解】 lack还可为动词，译为“缺乏、缺少”。 Eg: The project failed due to a lack of funding. 项目因资金不足而失败。 She lacks confidence in public speaking. 她在公开演讲中缺乏自信。 【常见搭配】 a lack of... 缺乏... No lack of ... 不缺乏... Eg: There is a lack of evidence to support the claim. 缺乏证据支持这一说法。 There is no lack of talent in this team. 这个团队不乏人才。 【即学即用】 The _______ (缺乏) of funding is the main obstacle to the project. 问题主要源于缺乏协调。 The main issue stems from _______ _______ _______ coordination. 答案：1. lack 2. a lack of Bush (名词) 灌木 【用法讲解】 bush常为可数名词，其复数形式为bushes；Bush还可为动词，译为“丛生、茂密生长”。 Eg: The rabbit hid in the bush. 兔子躲在灌木丛中。 His hair bushed out in the humidity. 他的头发因潮湿茂密生长。 【常见搭配】 a bush of... 一丛... Beat around the bush 拐弯抹角 Eg: She planted a bush of roses by the fence. 她在栅栏旁种植了一丛玫瑰。 Stop beating around the bush and tell me the truth! 不要拐弯抹角，告诉我真相！ 【派生词】 bushy为形容词，译为“浓密的、灌木丛生的”。 Eg: The fox disappeared into the bushy undergrowth. 狐狸消失在浓密的灌木丛中。 【即学即用】 They got lost in the Australian _______ (灌木) for three days. 答案：bush Root (名词) 根 【用法讲解】 root为可数名词，其复数形式为roots，还可译为“根源”；root还可为动词，译为“生根、使扎根”。 Eg: The root of the tree was exposed after the storm. 暴风雨后树根露了出来。 Money is the root of all evil. 金钱是万恶之源。 The plant failed to root in dry soil. 植物未能在干燥的土壤中生根。 【常见搭配】 root cause 根本原因 Take root 扎根、深入人心 Put down roots 定居 Eg: Poverty is often the root cause of social issues. 贫穷经常是社会问题的根本原因。 Democracy began to take root in the region. 民主开始在这个地区深入人心。 After years of traveling, she decided to put down roots in Paris. 在几年旅行之后，她决定在巴黎定居。 【派生词】 rooting为名词，译为“生根、支持”。 Eg: The rooting process takes about two weeks. 生根过程大约需要两周。 The fans’ rooting for their team was enthusiastic. 粉丝们对球队的支持非常热情。 【即学即用】 The tree’s _______ (根部) spread deep into the soil. 答案：roots Soil (名词) 土壤 【用法讲解】 soil为不可数名词；soil还可为动词，译为“弄脏、污染”。 Eg: He collected soil samples for research. 他采集了土壤样本用于研究。 The dog soiled the carpet. 狗弄脏了地毯。 Industrial waste soils the river. 工业废水污染了河流。 【常见搭配】 rich/fertile soil 肥沃的土壤 Eg: Plants need rich soil to grow well. 植物需要肥沃的土壤才能生长良好。 【即学即用】 Farmers cultivate the _________ (土壤) to grow crops. 答案：soil Sandy (形容词) 铺满沙子的、含沙的 【用法讲解】 sandy在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: The Sahara is a sandy desert. 撒哈拉是沙质沙漠。 【常见搭配】 sandy beach 沙滩 Sandy soil 沙质土壤 Eg: We spent the day at the sandy beach. 我们在沙滩上玩了一整天。 This area has sandy soil, perfect for growing carrots. 这片地区是沙质土壤，适合种胡萝卜。 【派生词】 sand为名词，译为“沙子”； sandiness为名词，译为“含沙量”。 Eg: Concrete is mixture of sand and cement. 混凝土是沙和水泥的混合物。 The sandiness of the soil affects drainage. 土壤的含沙量影响排水。 【即学即用】 The riverbed is covered with _________ (sand) sediment. 答案：sandy Government (名词) 政府 【用法讲解】 government为可数名词，其复数形式为governments。 Eg: The local government has implemented new regulations to improve public safety. 地方政府实施了新的规定以提高公共安全。 【常见搭配】 in government 执政、统治、治理 Eg: The party has been in government for several years. 这个政党已经执政多年了。 【派生词】 govern为动词，译为“统治、管理”。 Eg: The king governs the country. 国王统治这个国家。 【即学即用】 The new __________ (政府) was elected last year. 答案：government Support (名词/动词) 支持 【用法讲解】 support为动词，还可译为“维持、养活、支持、拥护”；support也可为不可数名词。 Eg: The environment of Mars could not support life. 火星的环境无法维持生命。 This land can’t support many cows. 这块土地养了许多牛。 I hope you can support me in this. 我希望你能在这一点上支持我。 The project received financial support from the government. 这个项目得到了政府的财政支持。 【常见搭配】 support sb. in doing sth. 支持某人作某事 With/ without one’s support 在/没有某人的支持下 In support of sb./ sth. 支持某人/某事 Eg: My parents support me in pursuing my dream. 我的父母支持我追求我的梦想。 We couldn’t win the match without your support. 没有你们的支持我们赢不了这场比赛。 She spoke in support of Tom’s plan. 她发言支持汤姆的计划。 【派生词】 supporter为名词，译为“支持者”； supportive为形容词，译为“支持的、给予帮助的”。 Eg: She was a supporter of the free market economy. 她是自由市场经济的支持者。 The silent majority of supportive parents and teachers should make their views known. 表示支持的父母和老师是沉默的大多数，他们应该公开表达他们的观点。 【即学即用】 他们举行集会支持新政策。 They held a rally _______ ________ _______ the new policy. 答案：in support of Corn (名词) 玉米、谷物 【用法讲解】 corn译为“玉米”时为可数名词，其复数形式为corns；corn译为“谷物”时为不可数名词。 Eg: We grow corn in our backyard. 我们在后院种玉米。 The fields were full of ripe corn. 田里满是成熟的谷物。 【常见搭配】 corn flour 玉米粉 Eg: This recipe requires corn flour. 这个食谱需要玉米粉。 【派生词】 corny为形容词，译为“老套的、陈腐的”。 Eg: The joke he told was so corny that no one laughed. 他讲的笑话太老套了，没人笑。 【即学即用】 We had roasted ________ (玉米) for dinner. 答案：corn High - tech (形容词) 高科技的 【用法讲解】 High - tech在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: This high - tech device can monitor your health in real - time. 这款高科技设备能实时检测你的健康状况。 【常见搭配】 high - tech industry 高科技产业 High - tech products 高科技产品 Eg: Silicon Valley is the heart of the high - tech industry. 硅谷是高科技产业的中心。 The exhibition showcased the latest high - tech products. 展览展示了最新的高科技产品。 【即学即用】 She works for a leading ___________ (高科技的) company. 答案：high - tech Greenhouse (名词) 温室 【用法讲解】 greenhouse为可数名词，其复数形式为greenhouses。 Eg: We grow tomatoes in the greenhouse during winter. 冬天我们在温室里种番茄。 【常见搭配】 greenhouse gas 温室气体 Greenhouse cultivation 温室栽培 Greenhouse effect 温室效应 Eg: Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas. 二氧化碳是主要的温室气体。 The farm specializes in greenhouse cultivation of flowers. 这个农场专攻花卉的温室栽培。 The greenhouse effect is causing global temperatures to rise. 温室效应导致全球气温上升。 【即学即用】 The ___________ (温室) temperature must be kept stable for orchids. 答案：greenhouse Highway (名词) 公路 【用法讲解】 highway为可数名词，其复数形式为highways，还可译为“途径”。 Eg: The accident caused a 10 - mile backup on the highway. 事故导致高速公路拥堵10英里。 Education is the highway to success. 教育是通往成功的主要途径。 【常见搭配】 highway exit/ entrance 高速公路出口/入口 Eg: Take the next highway exit to reach downtown. 从下一个高速公路出口进入市区。 【即学即用】 The country’s _________ (公路) system is well - developed. 答案：highway Railway (名词) 铁路 【用法讲解】 railway为可数名词，其复数形式为railways。 Eg: This railway connects two big cities. 这条铁路连接了两座大城市。 【常见搭配】 railway station 火车站 Railway track 铁轨 Eg: The railway station is crowded during holidays. 节假日期间火车站很拥挤。 Workers are repairing the railway tracks after the storm. 工人们正在风暴后修复铁轨。 【即学即用】 Many ________ (铁路) in Europe are electrified. 答案：railways Attraction (名词) 向往的地方、吸引力 【用法讲解】 attraction在表示抽象“吸引力”时为不可数名词；在表示“吸引人的事”或“景点”时为可数名词，其复数形式为attractions。 Eg: The attraction of nature is undeniable. 自然的吸引力不可否认。 The Eiffel Tower is a famous tourist attraction. 埃菲尔铁塔是著名旅游景点。 【常见搭配】 tourist attraction 旅游景点 Main attraction 两点 Gravitational attraction 引力 Eg: The Great Wall is a famous tourist attraction in China. 长城是中国著名的旅游景点。 The main attraction of the festival is the fireworks display. 这个节日的主要亮点是烟花表演。 Gravitational attraction keeps the planets in orbit. 引力使行星保持在轨道上。 【派生词】 attract为动词，译为“吸引、引起注意”； attractive为形容词，译为“有吸引力的”。 Eg: The bright colors attract butterflies. 亮丽的颜色会吸引蝴蝶。 She wore an attractive dress to the party. 她穿着一条引人注目的连衣裙来派对。 【即学即用】 The ________ (attract) of the city lies in its vibrant culture. 答案：attraction Product (名词) 产品 【用法讲解】 product为可数名词，其复数形式为products。 Eg: Apple’s latest product has attracted a lot of attention. 苹果的最新产品吸引了很多关注。 The waste gas is a harmful product of the chemical reaction. 废气是化学反应的有害产物。 【常见搭配】 high - quality product 高质量产品 Innovative product 创新产品 Eg: This brand is known for its high - quality products, and it has a large customer base. 这个品牌以其高质量的产品而闻名，拥有庞大的客户群体。 The startup’s innovative product has attracted a lot of attention from investors. 这家初创公司的创新产品引起了投资者的广泛关注。 【派生词】 by - product为名词，译为“副产品”； Produce为动词，译为“生产、制造”； Producer为名词，译为“生产者”； production为名词，译为“制造、生产”。 Eg: In the process of refining oil, gasoline is the main product, and asphalt is a by - product. 在炼油过程中，汽油是主要产品，沥青是副产品。 Sheep’s milk is produced in much the same way as goat’s milk. 绵阳奶和山羊奶的生产过程差不多。 The local producers are trying to compete with imported products. 当地的生产者正试图与进口产品竞争。 The production of this car model has increased significantly this year. 今年这款汽车型号的产量大幅增加。 【易混辨析】 Product与production区别： product为可数名词，侧重具体产物或结果； production为不可数名词，强调生产过程或抽象产量。 Eg: The company launched three new products. 公司推出三款新产品。 Production of the new aircraft will start next year. 新飞机的生产将于明年开始。 【即学即用】 1. This factory specializes in ________ high - quality aquatic ________ for export (produce). 答案： producing; products Greatly (副词) 大大地、非常 【用法讲解】 greatly在句中常用来修饰动词、形容词。 Eg: The new policy greatly benefited small businesses. 新政策让小企业受益匪浅。 I was greatly surprised by the news. 我对这个消息感到非常惊讶。 【常见搭配】 greatly differ/ vary 差异很大 Eg: Opinions on this issue greatly differ among experts. 专家们对这个问题的看法差异很大。 【派生词】 great为形容词，译为“伟大的、极大的”； greatness为名词，译为“伟大、卓越”。 Eg: She made a great contribution to the project. 她为这个项目做出了巨大贡献。 His greatness as a leader was recognized by all. 他作为领导者的伟大得到了所有人的认可。 【即学即用】 We _________ (great) appreciate your timely help. 答案：greatly Socialist (形容词) 社会主义的；(名词) 社会主义者 【用法讲解】 socialist作形容词在句中可作定语；socialist作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为socialists。 Eg: China follows a socialist path with Chinese characteristics. 中国走中国特色社会主义道路。 He has been a dedicated socialist all his life. 他一生都是一名坚定的社会主义者。 【常见搭配】 socialist country 社会主义国家 Socialist economy 社会主义经济 Eg: Cuba is a well - known socialist country. 古巴是一个著名的社会主义国家。 The socialist economy emphasizes public ownership. 社会主义经济强调公有制。 【派生词】 socialism为名词，译为“社会主义”； Social为形容词，译为“社会的”； society为名词，译为“社会”。 Eg: Many European countries have policies influenced by socialism. 许多欧洲国家的政策受到社会主义影响。 The social worker helped the homeless family find shelter. 社会工作者帮助无家可归的人找到避难所。 Western society values individualism. 西方社会重视个人主义。 【即学即用】 As a __________ (social), he advocates wealth redistribution. 答案：socialist E - payment (名词) 电子支付 【用法讲解】 e - payment为不可数名词。 Eg: E - payment has become the norm in urban China. 电子支付已成为中国城市的常态。 【常见搭配】 e- payment platform/ system 电子支付平台/系统 Eg: Alipay is a popular e - payment platform in China. 支付宝是中国流行的电子支付平台。 【即学即用】 Security is crucial for _________ (电子支付) systems. 答案：e - payment Housing (名词) 住房、住宅 【用法讲解】 housing为不可数名词；housing在译为“外壳、保护罩”时为可数名词，其复数形式为housings；housing还可为形容词，译为“住房的、住宅的”。 Eg: The city faces a severe housing shortage. 该市面临严重的住房短缺。 All electrical components need protective housings. 所有电子元件都需要防护外壳。 【常见搭配】 housing price 房价 Housing allowance 住房津贴 Eg: Housing prices have risen sharply this year. 今年房价急剧上涨。 Employees receive a housing allowance to cover rent costs. 员工享有住房津贴以支付租金。 【派生词】 house为名词，译为“房子”。 Eg: The house is so beautiful. 这个房子如此漂亮。 【即学即用】 The _________ (house) market is recovering after the recession. 答案：housing Digital (形容词) 电子的 【用法讲解】 digital作形容词时常作定语；digital还可为名词，译为“数字产品/技术”。 Eg: The company has transitioned to digital record - keeping. 该公司已转向数字化记录。 The switch from analog to digital improved signal quality. 从模拟信号转向数字信号提高了信号质量。 【常见搭配】 digital technology 数字技术 Digital camera 数码相机 Digital display 数字显示屏 Eg: Advances in digital technology have transformed communication. 数字技术的进步改变了通信方式。 He still uses a digital camera despite the popularity of smartphones. 尽管智能手机流行，他仍使用数码相机。 The digital display shows real - time data. 数字显示屏显示实时数据。 【派生词】 digitally为副词，译为“数字化地”； digitization为名词，译为“数字化”。 Eg: The document was digitally signed for security. 这份文件已通过数字签名确保安全。 The digitization of library archives makes research more efficient. 图书馆档案的数字化让研究更高效。 【即学即用】 Many businesses are undergoing _________ (电子的) transformation to stay competitive. 答案：digital Audio (形容词) 音频的；(名词) 音频 【用法讲解】 audio为可数名词，其复数形式为audios；audio为形容词时常作定语。 Eg: The audio quality of this recording is excellent. 这段录音的音频质量非常出色。 This device supports audio input and output. 该设备支持音频输入和输出。 【常见搭配】 audio system 音频系统 Audio book 有声书 Eg: The car’s audio system includes Bluetooth connectivity. 这辆车的音频系统支持蓝牙连接。 I prefer listening to audio books during my commute. 我通勤时更喜欢听有声书。 【派生词】 auditory为形容词，译为“听觉的”。 Eg: Children have highly sensitive auditory perception. 儿童具有高度敏感的听觉感知。 【即学即用】 Check the _______ (音频) settings before the webinar. 答案：audio Dirt (名词) 泥土、尘土 【用法讲解】 dirt为不可数名词，还可译为“丑闻、流言蜚语”。 Eg: Wash the dirt off your hands before eating. 吃饭前洗掉手上的泥土。 The journalist dug up some political dirt. 记者挖出了一些政治丑闻。 【常见搭配】 dirt road 土路 Dirt cheap 极其便宜 Dig up dirt on sb. 揭发某人的丑事 Eg: The farm is at the end of a long dirt road. 农场在一条长长的土路尽头。 I bought this vintage jacket dirt cheap at a flea market. 我在跳蚤市场以超低价买了这件复古夹克。 The journalist tried to dig up dirt on the politician. 记者试图挖出那位政客的黑料。 【派生词】 dirty为形容词，译为“脏的”。 Eg: Please take off your dirty shoes before entering. 进门请脱掉脏鞋子。 【即学即用】 Children love playing in the ________ (泥土). 答案：dirt Track (名词) 小路、轨道 【用法讲解】 track为可数名词，其复数形式为tracks，还可译为“轨迹、足迹”；track还可为动词，译为“追踪、留下足迹”。 Eg: The athletes lined up on the track for the 100 - meter race. 运动员们在跑道上列队准备100米赛跑。 The hunter followed the wolf’s tracks in the snow. 猎人跟着雪地上狼的踪迹。 The app can track your daily steps and calories. 这款应用能追踪你的每日步数和卡路里。 【常见搭配】 race track 赛车道/田径场 Lose track of 失去联系/忘记 On the right track 方向正确 Eg: The Formula 1 car sped around the race track. F1赛车在赛道上飞驰。 I lost track of time while reading. 我读书忘记了时间。 Your research is on the right track. 你的研究方向是对的。 【派生词】 tracker为名词，译为“追踪器、追踪者”； trackless为形容词，译为“无轨的”。 Eg: The wildlife researchers used GPS trackers to monitor the wolves. 野生动物研究人员用GPS追踪器监控狼群。 The new trackless trams are more flexible than traditional rail systems. 新型无轨电车比传统轨道系统更灵活。 【即学即用】 The athletes warmed up on the running t_________ before the race. 答案：track Wide (形容词) 宽的、宽阔的 【用法讲解】 wide在句中常作定语或表语，也可译为“广泛的”；wide也可为副词，译为“宽阔地、广泛地”。 Eg: The river is too wide to swim across. 这条河太宽了，无法游过去。 He opened his arms wide. 他张开双臂。 He has a wide knowledge of history. 他对历史有广泛的了解。 【常见搭配】 wide open 大开的、完全开放的 Wide awake 完全清醒的 Far and wide 到处、广泛地 Eg: The door was left wide open. 门大开着。 After the coffee, I was wide awake. 喝完咖啡后，我完全清醒了。 People came from far and wide to attend the festival. 人们从四面八方赶来参加这个节日。 【派生词】 widely为副词，译为“广泛地、普遍地” widen为动词，译为“加宽、扩大”； width为名词，译为“宽度”。 Eg: He is widely known for his research. 他因他的研究广为人知。 The road was widened to reduce traffic. 为了减少交通这条路被加宽了。 The width of the river is about 50 meters. 这条河的宽度是大约50米。 【即学即用】 The road is ________ (宽的) enough for two cars. 答案：wide Link (名词) 交通路线、联系；(动词) 连接 【用法讲解】 link为可数名词，其复数形式为links。 Eg: The bridge is a vital link between two cities. 这座桥是两座城市的重要纽带。 Studies link smoking to lung cancer. 研究将吸引烟与肺癌联系起来。 【常见搭配】 link up 汇合、连接 Link to... 与...相关联 Weak link 薄弱环节 Eg: The two teams will link up at the base camp. 两支队伍将在营地汇合。 Stress is often linked to heart problems. 压力常与心脏问题相关。 Incompetent management is the team’s weak link. 管理无能是团队的薄弱环节。 【即学即用】 The new highway provides a direct l________ to the airport. 答案：link Port (名词) 港口 【用法讲解】 port为可数名词，其复数形式为ports；port还可为动词，译为“移植”。 Eg: The ship arrived at the port of Shanghai. 船只抵达上海港。 The app was ported to Android last year. 这款应用去年被移植到安卓系统。 【常见搭配】 free port 自由港 Eg: Singapore is known for its free port policy. 新加坡以自由港政策闻名。 【即学即用】 Shanghai is a major ________ (港口) city. 答案：port Capital (名词) 首都 【用法讲解】 capital为可数名词，其复数形式为capitals，还可译为“资本、大写字母”；capital还可为形容词，译为“大写的、顶级的”。 Eg: Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。 The company raised $1 million in capital. 公司筹集了100万美元资金。 Start sentences with capital letters. 句子开头要用大写字母。 That was a capital idea! 那真是个绝妙的主意！ 【常见搭配】 the capital of... ...的首都 Make capital out of 利用...获利 Eg: Paris is the capital of France. 巴黎是法国的首都。 Politicians often make capital out of public fears. 政客常利用公众恐惧谋利。 【派生词】 capitalism为名词，译为“资本主义”； capitalist为名词，译为“资本家”。 Eg: Modern capitalism emphasizes free market competition. 现代资本主义强调自由市场竞争。 He became a successful capitalist by investing in technology. 他通过投资科技成为成功的资本家。 【即学即用】 华盛顿是美国的首都。 Washington D.C. is ______ _______ _______ the USA. 答案：the capital of Kenyan (名词) 肯尼亚人；(形容词) 肯尼亚的、肯尼亚人的 【用法讲解】 Kenyan为可数名词，其复数形式为Kenyans。 Eg: The Kenyan runner won the marathon. 这位肯尼亚选手赢得了马拉松。 She married a Kenyan and moved to Nairobi. 她嫁给了一个肯尼亚人，搬到了内罗毕。 【派生词】 Kenya为名词，译为“肯尼亚”。 Eg: We went on a safari in Kenya and saw lions, elephants and giraffes in the wild. 我们在肯尼亚safari时看到了野生的狮子、大象和长颈鹿。 【即学即用】 The cafe serves premium __________ (Kenya) coffee. 答案：Kenyan Benefit (动词) 得益于、使受益；(名词) 优势、益处 【用法讲解】 benefit为不可数名词时，译为“好处、益处”；benefit为可数名词时，译为“福利、津贴”，其复数形式为benefits。 Eg: I got a lot of benefit from reading. 我从阅读中获益良多。 The benefits of exercise include better health. 锻炼的好处包括改善健康。 Yoga benefits mental health. 瑜伽有益心理健康。 【常见搭配】 bring benefits to ... 给...带来好处 Benefit from/ by... 从...中受益 Eg: Regular exercise brings many benefits to your health. 定期锻炼对健康有很多好处。 Many students benefited from the free tutoring program. 许多学生从免费辅导项目中受益。 【派生词】 beneficial为形容词，译为“有益的、有利的”。 Eg: Regular exercise has beneficial effects on health. 有规律的锻炼对健康有有利的影响。 【即学即用】 We can already see the b________ of the new policy. 答案：benefits Be happy with 以... ...感到满意 Eg: She is happy with her new job. 她对新工作很满意。 【用法讲解】 happy为形容词，译为“开心的、幸福的、快乐的”。 【常见搭配】be happy to do sth. 开心做某事 Be happy about/at sth. 对...高兴、开心 Eg: He was happy to be coming home. 他很高兴要回家了。 We are happy at/about his letter. 收到他的信我们很开心。 【派生词】 happiness为名词，译为“幸福、快乐”。 Eg: Money doesn’t always bring happiness. 金钱并不总是带来快乐。 【即学即用】 She found _________ (happy) in her later years. 她对这个主意很满意。 She ______ _______ _______ this idea. 答案：1. happiness Convenient (形容词) 方便的 【用法讲解】 convenient在句中常作定语或表语，还可译为“便利的、合宜的”。 Eg: Railway is convenient. 铁路很方便。 【常见搭配】 be convenient for sb. 对某人来说方便 Be convenient to/ near sth. 离某物近、方便到底或获取 It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事很方便 Eg: If it is convenient for you, we’ll come tomorrow. 如果你方便的话，我们就明天来。 The supermarket is very convenient to our house. 超市离我们家很近，很方便。 It is convenient for me to start work early in the morning. 对我来说，早上早点开始工作很方便。 【派生词】 convenience为名词，译为“方便、便利”； Conveniently为副词，译为“便利地”； inconvenient为形容词，译为“不方便的”。 Eg: Please call me back at your convenience. 请您方便时回个电话。 The mountain may be conveniently climbed from this side. 从这一侧易于攀登这座山。 The traffic jam made our journey inconvenient. 交通堵塞使我们的出行变得不便。 【即学即用】 It was a great ____________ (convenient) to have the school so near. ( )2. Is it convenient ______ me ________ by this afternoon? for; to come B. for; coming C. of; to come D. of; coming 答案：1. convenience 2. A Business (名词) 生意、商业 【用法讲解】 business作可数名词时，译为“商业机构、企业、公司”等；business为不可数名词时，译为“商业、买卖、生意、商务、公事”等。 Eg: She runs a small business selling handmade crafts. 她经营一家卖手工制品的小公司。 He studies business at university. 他在大学学习商业。 【常见搭配】 It’s none of your business. 这不关你的事。 Start a business 创业 Do business with ... 与...做生意 Business meeting 商务会议 Mind your own business 管好你自己的事 Get down to business 开始认真做事 Out of business 停业、破产 On business 因公出差 Eg: She decided to start a business after graduation. 她决定毕业后创业。 We do business with clients worldwide. 我们与全球客户做生意。 He has a business meeting at 3 PM. 他下午3点有个商务会议。 Stop asking personal questions -- mind your own business. 别问私人问题了，管好你自己的事。 Let’s get down to business and solve this problem. 我们开始认真解决问题吧。 The small shop went out of business last month. 这家小店上个月倒闭了。 She traveled to London on business. 她因公出差去了伦敦。 【即学即用】 这周他在上海出差。 He is _______ __________ in Shanghai this week. 答案：on business Ease (名词) 容易、自在 【用法讲解】 ease为不可数名词，还可译为“轻松、舒适”；ease还可为动词，译为“减轻、缓解、使容易、放松”等。 Eg: They put her as much at ease as they could. 他们竭力使她感到自在。 She lives a life of ease after retirement. 退休后她过着悠闲的生活。 The medicine helped ease her pain. 药物帮助缓解了她的疼痛。 He eased the car into the parking space. 退休后她过着悠闲的生活。 【常见搭配】 With ease 轻而易举地 At ease 自在、放松 Ease one’s mind 使某人安心 Ease off 减轻（压力等） Ease into 缓慢适应/进入 Eg: She solved the problem with ease. 她轻而易举地解决了问题。 I never feel at ease in formal situations. 在正式场合我从不感到自在。 His call eased my mind about the situation. 他的电话让我对这个情况放心了。 The boss eased off when he saw I was working hard. 老板看到我努力工作后放松了对我的要求。 She’s easing into her new job. 她正在慢慢适应新工作。 【派生词】 easy为形容词，译为“容易的”。 Eg: The test was easy for her because she studied hard. 对她来说这个考试很简单，因为她学习很努力。 【即学即用】 她轻而易举地处理了这个棘手的情况。 She handled the difficult situation _______ _______. 答案：with ease Lorry (名词) 卡车 【用法讲解】 lorry为可数名词，其复数形式为lorries，还可译为“大量、许多”。 Eg: The lorry was carrying a load of fresh vegetables to the market. 这辆卡车正载着一车新鲜蔬菜驶向市场。 【常见搭配】 a lorry of ... 大量、大堆 Eg: There’s a lorry of paperwork on my desk! 我桌子上有一大堆文件！ 【即学即用】 A red __________ (卡车) blocked the narrow road. 答案：lorry Manager (名词) 经理 【用法讲解】 manager为可数名词，其复数形式为managers，还可译为“经纪人、管理人”。 Eg: She was promoted to sales manager last year. 她去年被提升为销售经理。 A good manager knows how to delegate tasks effectively. 优秀的管理者懂得如何有效分配任务。 【常见搭配】 general manager 总经理 Project manager 项目经理 Eg: The general manager will make the final decision. 总经理将做出最终决定。 As a project manager, he oversees multiple construction sites. 作为项目经理，他监督多个建筑工地。 【派生词】 manage为动词，译为“管理、设法”； management为名词，译为“管理、经营”。 Eg: She manages a team of 20 employees at the marketing company. 她在这家营销公司管理着一个20人的团队。 Effective management is crucial for a company’s success. 高效的管理对公司的成功至关重要。 【即学即用】 She is the marketing _________ (manage) of our company. 答案：manager Conclusion (名词) 总结 【用法讲解】 conclusion为可数名词，其复数形式为conclusions，还可译为“结论、推论、结尾”。 Eg: The research team reached a surprising conclusion. 研究团队得出了一个惊人的结论。 At the conclusion of the speech, everyone applauded. 演讲结束时，全场鼓掌。 【常见搭配】 come to/ reach/ draw a conclusion 得出结论 In conclusion 总之、最后 Eg: After analyzing the data, we came to the conclusion that the project was viable. 分析数据后，我们得出结论这个项目是可行的。 In conclusion, I’d like to thank everyone for their hard work. 最后，我药感谢每个人的辛勤工作。 【派生词】 conclude为动词，译为“得出结论、结束”； conclusive为形容词，译为“决定性的、确凿的”。 Eg: The investigation has concluded without finding any evidence. 调查已结束，未发现任何证据。 The DNA test provided conclusive evidence of his innocence. DNA检测提供了他无罪的铁证。 【即学即用】 What _________ (conclude) can we draw from these facts? 答案：conclusion Narrow (形容词) 狭窄的 【用法讲解】 narrow也可作动词，译为“（使）变窄”；narrow也可为名词，译为“海峡、狭窄部分”。 Eg: The road is too narrow for two cars to pass. 这条路太窄，两辆车无法并行通过。 This is where the river narrows. 这条河就是在这里变窄的。 In the narrow waters, we can give them a good fight. 在海峡上我们可好好的对战他们。 【常见搭配】 narrow escape 九死一生、幸免于难 Narrow down 缩减、减少 Eg: He had a narrow escape from the car accident. 他那次车祸真是九死一生。 We need to narrow down the list of potential candidates. 我们需要将潜在候选人的名单缩小。 【即学即用】 She has a _________ (狭窄的) view of success. 答案： narrow Villager (名词) 村民 【用法讲解】 villager为可数名词，其复数形式为villagers。 Eg: The villagers gathered to discuss the new road project. 村民们聚集在一起讨论新的道路工程。 【常见搭配】 local villager 当地村民 Villager life 村民生活 A group of villagers 一群村民 Villagers’ committee 村民委员会 Eg: The local villagers helped rebuild the bridge. 当地村民帮助重建了这座桥。 The documentary shows traditional villager life. 这部纪录片展示了传统的村民生活。 A group of villagers protested against the new construction project. 一群村民反对新的建设项目。 The villagers’ committee organized a meeting to discuss the issue. 村民委员会组织了一次会议讨论这个问题。 【派生词】 village为名词，译为“村庄”。 Eg: This village is so beautiful. 这个村庄太美了。 【即学即用】 A kind _________ (village) offered us shelter during the storm. 答案：villager The Olympics (= the Olympic Games) 奥林匹克运动会 【用法讲解】 the Olympics还可写作the Olympics Games。 Eg: She broke the world record at the Olympics. 她在奥林匹克运动会上打破了世界记录。 【常见搭配】 summer/ winter Olympics 夏季/冬季奥运会 Eg: The Winter Olympics feature sports like skiing and skating. 冬季奥运会包括滑雪和滑冰等项目。 【即学即用】 Only the top athletes qualify for ____________ (奥林匹克运动会). 答案：the Olympics Lead (动词) 带领、过（某种生活）；(名词) 领先地位、主角 【用法讲解】lead为动词，还可译为“引导、造成”；其过去式/过去分词为led。 Eg: Eating too much junk food can lead to health problems. 吃太多垃圾食品会导致健康问题。 Can you lead me to the nearest subway station? 你能带我去最近的地铁站吗？ 【常见搭配】lead sb. + 地点介词短语 把某人带到某地 Lead to 导致、通向 Lead sb. in doing sth. 引导某人做某事 Lead a ... life 过着...的生活 Eg: He led the guests into his room. 他把客人带到了自己的房间。 The rain led to the road being slippery. 雨水导致地面滑。 Our teacher leads us in learning English. 我们的老师引导我们学习英语。 She leads a simple life. 她过着简朴的生活。 They need a leader they can believe in. 他们需要一个可以信赖的领导。 【派生词】 leader为名词，译为“领导者”。 Eg: He is a good leader. 他是一个好的领导者。 【即学即用】 努力工作会导致成功。 Hard work _______ _______ success. The _______ (lead) of the country made an important speech yesterday. 答案：1. leads to 2. leader Man - made (形容词) 人造的、非天然的 【用法讲解】 man - made在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: This is a man - made lake created for irrigation. 这是一个为灌溉而建的人工湖。。 The disaster was man - made. 这场灾难是人为的。 【常见搭配】 man - made satellite 人造卫星 Eg: The first man - made satellite was launched in 1957. 第一颗人造卫星于1957年发射。 【即学即用】 The Great Wall is the longest ___________ (人造的) structure in the world. 答案：man - made Miracle (名词) 奇迹 【用法讲解】 miracle为可数名词，其复数形式为miracles，还可译为“非凡的事例、惊人的成就”。 Eg: It would take a miracle to finish this project on time. 要按时完成这个项目需要奇迹。 The survival of the passengers was called a miracle. 乘客的生还被成为奇迹。 【常见搭配】 medical miracle 医学奇迹 It’s a miracle that... ... 真是个奇迹 Miracle of nature 自然界的奇迹 Eg: His survival after the accident was a medical miracle. 事故后他能活下来是个医学奇迹。 It’s a miracle that no one was hurt in the accident. 事故中没人受伤真是个奇迹。 The Grand Canyon is a true miracle of nature. 大峡谷是自然界真正的奇迹。 【派生词】 miraculous为形容词，译为“奇迹般的、神奇的”。 Eg: Her miraculous recovery surprised all the doctors. 她奇迹般的康复让所有医生都感到惊讶。 【即学即用】 The Internet is considered one of the modern ________ (奇迹) of technology. 答案：miracles Junior (形容词) 低年级的、初级的 【用法讲解】 junior为形容词时在句中常作定语；junior还可为名词，译为“晚辈、年少者”。 Eg: She’s a junior analyst at the investment bank. 她是投行的初级分析师。 The juniors will have their exams next week. 低年级学生下周将参加考试。 【常见搭配】 junior high school 初中 Junior member 初级会员/成员 Junior to sb. 比某人职位低 Eg: My daughter just started junior high school. 我女儿刚上初中。 Junior members pay lower fees. 初级会员支付的费用较低。 She is junior to me in the company. 她在公司里职位比我低。 【即学即用】 The influence of life events for the j________ school students. 答案：junior Flat (名词) 公寓 【用法讲解】 flat也可作形容词，译为“平坦的、平的”；flat亦可作副词，译为“水平地”。 Eg: I live in a flat in London. 我住在伦敦的一套公寓里。 The table has a flat surface. 这张桌子有一个平坦的表面。 He lay flat on the ground. 他平躺在地上。 【常见搭配】 flat out 全速、尽全力 Flat share 合租公寓 Flat as a pancake 非常平坦 Eg: I was running flat out to catch the bus. 我全力以赴地跑去赶公交车。 I live in a flat share with three other students. 我和另外三个学生共同租住一套公寓。 The road is flat as a pancake from here to the next town. 从这里到下一个城镇的路非常平坦。 【派生词】 flatten为动词，译为“使变平、压扁”。 Eg: She used a rolling pin to flatten the dough for the pie crust. 她用擀面杖把面团压平做陷饼坯。 【即学即用】 I’m looking for a new _________ (公寓) in the city center. 答案：flat Discussion (名词) 讨论 【用法讲解】 discussion在表示一次讨论活动或讨论等具体意义时为可数名词；在表示抽象意义的讨论或讨论的动作或状态时为不可数名词。 Eg: Let’s have a discussion about the new project proposal tomorrow. 让我们明天进行关于新工程提案的讨论。 【常见搭配】 under discussion 正在讨论中 Group discussion 小组讨论 Have a discussion with sb. about sth. 和某人讨论关于某事 Eg: The new policy is still under discussion. 新政策仍在讨论中。 We had a group discussion on the project. 我们就项目进行了小组讨论。 We had a discussion with Lily about the importance of English. 我们和丽丽讨论关于英语的重要性。 【派生词】 discuss为动词，译为“讨论”。 Eg: They are discussing freely. 他们在自由地探讨。 【常见搭配】 discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事 Discuss doing sth. 商量做某事 Eg: I discussed the matter with my wife. 我和妻子讨论了这件事。 They discussed selling the house. 他们商量过买房子的事。 【即学即用】 This article will form the basis for our ___________ (discuss). 答案：discussion Aspect (名词) 方面 【用法讲解】 aspect为可数名词，其复数形式为aspects，还可译为“外观、方位”。 Eg: We need to consider all aspects of the problem. 我们需要考虑这个问题的所有方面。 The building’s southern aspect gives it plenty of sunlight. 建筑物朝南的方位使其获得充足阳光。 Her cheerful aspect belied her inner sadness. 她开朗的外表掩盖了内心的悲伤。 【常见搭配】 positive/ negative aspect 积极/消极方面 Various aspects 各个方面 Eg: Let’s discuss both positive and negative aspects of the proposal. 我们来讨论这个提案的积极和消极两方面。 The course covers various aspects of business administration. 这门课程涵盖工商管理的各个方面。 【即学即用】 Time management is a crucial _________ (方面) of this job. 答案：aspect 课文解析 Section A What changes have taken place around you ? What changes have taken place around you? 你周围发生了什么变化？ 【用法讲解】 take place为动词短语，译为“发生、进行”。 Eg: The annual sports meeting will take place next week. 年度运动会将于下周举行。 【易混辨析】 happen和take place的区别 happen通常用于描述偶然或突发性事件，强调事件的不可预测性和偶然性； Take place通常用于描述按计划或安排发生的事件，强调事件的计划性和预谋性。 Eg: An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。 The meeting will take place next Monday. 会议将在下周一举行。 【即学即用】 ( )1. An accident _____ in the small town yesterday. take place B. happened C. was happened D. took place 地震发生在午夜，造成了很大的破坏。 The earthquake ______ ______ at midnight, causing a lot of damage. 答案： 1. B 2. took place What do you think of your trip so far? 到目前为止你觉得你的旅行怎么样？ 【用法讲解】 so far译为“到目前为止”，常与现在完成时连用，强调时间上的延续性和结果。 Eg: We have received 50 applications so far. 到目前为止，我们已经收到了50份申请。 【即学即用】 到目前为止，我们已经完成了80%的任务。 _______ _______, we have completed 80% of the task. 答案：So far It took half a day to reach the town. 花了半天到达镇上。 【用法讲解】 知识点一： reach作动词，还可译为“够得着、抵达、实现、到达、伸出”。 Eg: She reached for the book on the top shelf. 她伸手去拿顶层架子上的那本书。 We reached the top of the mountain after three hours of climbing. 我们经过三小时的攀登，终于到山顶了。 Her work has reached a high level of excellence. 她的工作达到了很高的水平。 【常见搭配】 within one’s reach 在触手可及的范围内/可以实现 Reach out to sb. 联系或向某人提供帮助 Reach for 伸手触碰 Eg: The switch is just within your reach. 开关就在你的手边。 If you need help with the project, don’t hesitate to reach out to me. 如果你需要项目方面的帮助，不要犹豫，主动联系我。 When I turned to reach for some milk, I nearly knocked her over. 知识点二： 当我转身去拿牛奶时，我差点把她撞倒了。 四种花费 花时间做某事 It + takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. = 人 + spend + 时间 + doing sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 Eg: It took me an hour to finish my homework last night. = I spent an hour finishing my homework last night. 昨晚我花了一个小时完成作业。 花钱买某物 人 spend 钱 on sth. = sth. cost 人 + 钱 = pay 钱 for sth. 付款买某物 Eg: I paid five hundred yuan for this bike. = I spent five hundred yuan on this bike. = This bike cost me five hundred yuan. 我花500元买这辆自行车。 【即学即用】 ( )1. He _______ three hours finishing his homework last night. spent B. cost C. took D. paid It took me a lot of time ________ (learn) English well. The two sides finally r_________ an agreement after long negotiations. 答案：1. A 2. to learn 3. reached We didn’t have any good places for shopping until 10 years ago. 我们直到10年前才有购物的好地方。 【用法讲解】 until为介词，译为“直到...为止”，通常用于描述一个动作或状态持续到某一特定时间点才结束。用于肯定句，表示持续到某一时间点；用于否定句中，与not连用，表示“直到...才”。 Eg: They talked until one o’clock in the morning. 他们一直谈到半夜一点钟。 He didn’t leave the office until he finished his work. 他完成工作才离开了办公室。 【易混辨析】 until与not... until区别 until表示某一动作或状态一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止； Not... until表示动作在until短语所表示的时间之后才开始发生。 Eg: I will stay here until you come back. 我将待在这里直到你回来。 He didn’t leave the office until he finished his work. 他完成工作才离开了办公室。 【即学即用】 ( )1. I watched the World Cup in a bar and I ______ home ______ 1:00 in the morning. go; until B. didn’t go; until C. went; until D. have gone; until 答案： B The fields were getting smaller and smaller. 田地变得越来越小。 【易混辨析】 become, turn, go, grow和get的区别 Become译为“变得”，强调变化过程的完成及身份的变化； Turn译为“变得”，强调变化的结果，侧重颜色、方向或状态的变化； go译为“变得”，强调由好变坏； grow译为“变得”，强调逐渐变化的过程； get译为“变得”，强调短暂或逐渐的变化，常与形容词连用。 Eg: He became famous. 他变得很有名。 The leaves turned yellow in autumn. 树叶在秋天变成黄色。 The meat went bad. 肉变质了。 The tree grew tall. 树长高了。 The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长。 【即学即用】 ( )1. The pollution problem is _________ serious. becoming B. turning C. getting D. growing 答案： D At the beginning, we worked by hand. 开始，我们靠手工作。 【用法讲解】 hand可作可数名词，其复数形式为hands，可译为“手、指针、帮助”等；hand也可作动词，译为“上交、递、给”等。 Eg: His hands is dirty. 他得手很脏。 A watch has three hands -- the second hand, minute hand and hour hand. 手表有三个指针-- 秒针、分针和时针。 Hand it up to me, please. 请把它递上来给我。 【常见搭配】 give sb. a hand 帮助某人 Hand in 上交 On the one hand... on the other hand 一方面...另一方面 By hand 手工制作 Eg: Could you give me a hand with the baggage? 你能帮我拿一下行李吗？ Please hand in your homework on time. 请按时交作业。 On the one hand I admire his gifts, but on the other hand I distrust his judgement. 一方面我羡慕他的才华，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。 The fabric was painted by hand. 这个织品是手工染制的。 【即学即用】 手工操作既费时又费力。 It takes both time and effort to do it ______ _______. 答案： by hand I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market. 我过去在小农场种一些蔬菜在当地市场卖。 【用法讲解】 few作形容词时，常常直接放在可数名词复数前，译为“几乎没有、很少”；few作代词时，可以单独使用或代替前文提到的可数名词复数，表示“很少的人或事”。 Eg: Few students passed the exam. 几乎没有学生通过考试。 Many applied, but few were selected. 许多人申请，但被选中的很少。 【常见搭配】 a few译为“少数的”（后街可数名词复数形式）； Too few 译为“太少”或“寥寥无几”； Quite a few 译为“少”，但比a few多； Eg: A few students passed the exam. 有少数学生通过考试。 There were too few people at the meeting. 参加会议的人寥寥无几。 Quite a few people went to the game. 相当多人去观看了球赛。 【易混辨析】 a few、few、a little与little区别： a few “一些；少许” 后接可数名词复数，表肯定 few “几乎没有”后接可数名词复数，表否定 a little“一些；少许”后接不可数名词，表肯定 little “几乎没有”后接不可数名词，表否定 Eg: There are a few apples in fridge, you can eat one. 冰箱里有一点苹果，你可以吃一个。 There are few apples in fridge, we should get some. 冰箱里要没有苹果了，我们应该去买一些。 There is a little milk in fridge, you can drink some. 冰箱里有点牛奶，你可以喝一些。 There is little milk in fridge, we should buy some. 冰箱里没有牛奶了，我们应该去买点。 【即学即用】 ( )1. There aren’t many oranges here, but you can take _____ if you want to . few B. a few C. little D. a little 我们今天早上收到好多信。 We had ______ ______ _____ letters this morning. 答案：1. B 2. quite a few In your opinion, what has changed the most in your hometown? 在你看来，你的家乡改变最多的是什么？ 【用法讲解】 opinion为不可数名词，译为“看法、观点、意见”。 Eg: My opinion remains unchanged. 我的看法一如既往。 【常见搭配】 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 Have a good/ bad opinion of sb./ sth. 对...的评价好/不好 Have an opinion about sth. 对某事有意见 Eg: In my opinion, the best way to learn a new language is through immersion. 在我看来，学习一门新语言的最佳方式是通过沉浸式学习。 I have a very good opinion of his work. 我对他的工作评价很好。 She has a strong opinion about raising children in the modern world. 她对在现代社会中抚养孩子有很强的意见。 【即学即用】 在我看来，学习英语非常重要。 ______ ______ ________, learning English is very important. 答案：In my opinion This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry. 对于当地人来说这使得送产品去超市或发展工业是很难的。 【用法讲解】 develop作动词，还可译为“培养、养成、形成、发展”。 Eg: The company is developing a new product. 公司正在开发一种新产品。 She developed a love for painting when she was a child. 她小时候就养成了画画的爱好。 The situation is developing rapidly. 形势正在迅速发展。 【常见搭配】 develop into ... 发展成、演变成 Develop from ... 由...发展而来 Develop a habit/ interest/ skill 养成一种习惯/兴趣/技能 Eg: The small town has developed into a bustling city. 这个小镇已经发展成为一个繁忙的城市。 Modern technology has developed from early inventions. 现代技术是从早期的发明中发展起来的。 He developed a habit of reading every day. 他养成了每个阅读的习惯。 【派生词】 development为名词，译为“发展、培养”； developing为形容词，译为“发展中的”； developed为形容词，译为“发达的”。 Eg: Education is central to a country’s economic development. 教育是国家经济发展的核心。 China is still a developing country in every sense of this term. 中国是实实在在的发张中国家。 America is a developed country. 美国是一个发达国家。 【即学即用】 China is a _________ country, but now with its __________ more people think it may become a ________ one soon (develop) . 答案：1. developing; development; developed Section B How do changes influence us ? My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. 自2017年用来我使用火车的经验一直很好。 【用法讲解】 experience作可数名词时，译为“经历”；作不可数名词时，译为“经验”。 【常见搭配】experience in/ of ... 在...方面的经验 Eg: Experience is the best teacher. 经验是最好的老师。 She had many interesting experiences while travelling in Africa. 她在非洲旅行时，有很多有趣的经历。 She has rich experience in marketing. 她在市场营销方面有丰富的经验。 【即学即用】 ( )1. It was a really unforgettable _______. I made some new friends and learned a lot. experience B. story C. lesson D. game 答案： A I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease. 我可以按时到达，轻而易举地完成生意。 知识点一： 【用法讲解】 able为形容词，译为“能够”，可以在句中作表语或定语，be动词随主语的人称和数变化而变化，可以用于各种时态。 Eg: He is able to speak English. 他会说英语。 He is an able manage. 他是位有能力的经理。 After the training, I will be able to cook Italian food. 经过训练后，我将能够烹饪意大利菜。 【常见搭配】 be able to do sth. 能够做某事 Eg: Since his accident, he hasn’t been able to leave the house. 自出事之后，他一直未能离开家。 【派生词】 ability为可数名词，译为“能力”，其复数形式为abilities。 【常见搭配】 have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事 Eg: He has the ability to learn quickly. 他有快速的学习能力。 She has a natural ability to learn languages. 她有天生的语言学习能力。 【易混辨析】 be able to与can区别： Be able to 表示能力，尤指经过努力而获得的能力，用于多种时态； can译为“能”，无人称和数的变化；表示自身具备的能力，只有can和could两种形式。 Eg: After hard study, he was able to pass the difficult exam. 通过努力学习，他最终能通过那个困难的考试。 知识点二： He couldn’t answer the question. 他不能回答出那个问题。 deal作动词，可译为“分配、经营、对付”；deal还可为名词，译为“交易、协议”。 Eg: They reached a deal after long negotiations. 经过长时间的谈判，他们达成了协议。 He has to deal with a lot of paperwork every day. 他每天都要处理大量的文件工作。 The teacher dealt the cards to the students. 老师把牌分给了学生们。 She deals in antiques. 她经营古董生意。 【常见搭配】 make a deal 达成协议 A good deal 优惠、划算 Deal with 处理 = do with 注意：deal with为动词短语，表示处理、应对或解决某种问题或情况，常与疑问词how连用；其同义词组为do with，deal with与疑问词what连用。 Eg: They made a deal to share the profits equally. 他们达成了一项协议，平分利润。 I got a good deal on this car. 我买这辆车很划算。 How are you going to deal with these books? = What are you going to do with these books? 你打算怎么处理这些书？ 【即学即用】 他应该能够过上完全正常的生活。 He should ______ _______ ______ lead a perfectly normal life. 朋友给了他极大的鼓励。 Friends gave him _______ _______ ______ _______ encouragement. 我不知道如何处理这辆车？ I don’t know how to _______ ______ the car. 答案：1. be able to 2. a great deal of 3. deal with The number of people who use the new train every year. 每年使用新火车人的数量 【用法讲解】Number为名词，译为“号码、数字、数量”；number也可为动词，译为“编号、计算”。 Eg: What’s your number? 你号码是多少？ Number the pages in the book. 给这本书的每一页编号。 Please number the total people. 请统计一下总人数。 【常见搭配】 a number of + 可数名词复数译为“许多...”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数； the number of + 可数名词复数译为“...的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Eg: A number of students in this school are from England. 这所学校许多学生来在英国。 The number of students in this school is 2000. 这所学校的学生数量是2000. 【即学即用】 ( )1. _______ sheep ______ eating grass on the hill. The number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. A number of; are 答案：D Wang Shanghai led a group of 369 people who were determined to make the environment of Saihanba better. 王尚海带领369人的队伍，决心改善塞罕坝的和环境。 【用法讲解】 determine为动词，译为“确定、查明、决定、影响、计算”。 Eg: The test will determine your language level. 测试将确定你的语言水平。 Genetics determine many physical traits. 遗传基因决定许多身体特征。 We must first determine the market demand. 我们必须先确定市场需求。 【常见搭配】 determine to do sth. 决定做某事 Be determined to do sth. 决定做某事（强调坚定的决心） Determine from... 从...中查明 Eg: He determined to quit smoking after the health warning. 健康警告后，他决定戒烟。 She is determined to become a doctor. 她决心成为一名医生。 The age of the artifact was determined from carbon dating. 这件文物的年代通过碳测年法确定。 【派生词】 determined为形容词，译为“有决心的、坚决的”； determination为名词，译为“决心、坚定”； determinedly为副词，译为“坚定地、坚决地”。 Eg: She is a determined young woman who never gives up easily. 她是个意志坚定的年轻女性，从不轻易放弃。 His determination to succeed impressed everyone. 他成功的决心给每个人留下了深刻印象。 He stared determinedly at the goal. 他坚定地盯着目标。 【即学即用】 他下定决心去巴黎旅行前学会法语。 He _______ ________ _______ ________ French before his trip to Paris. A _________ (determine) person never lets obstacles stop them. 答案：1. was determined to learn 2. determined I take a bus every day with my friends. 我每天和我的朋友乘坐公交车。 【用法讲解】 “take a bus”译为“坐公交车”。英语中乘坐某种交通工具常用的表达方法： “By + 表示交通工具等的名词”，泛指乘某种交通工具，在句中作方式状语。 Eg: by air/ plane 乘飞机 By ship/ underground/ train/ bus 乘船/地铁/火车/公共汽车 “in/ on + 冠词/形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 + 表示交通工具的名词”，在句中作方式状语。 Eg: in one’s/ a car 乘坐小汽车 On a plane/ train 坐飞机/火车 On a/ one’s bike 骑自行车 “take + a/ the + 表示交通工具的名词”，但“骑自行车”用“ride a bike”表示。 Eg: He takes the train to Nanjing every year. 他每年都乘火车去南京。 I usually ride my bike to school. 我通常骑自行车去上学。 “On foot”译为“步行”，是介词短语。 注意：go to ... on foot = walk to... 译为“步行去...”。 Eg: My dad goes to work on foot every day. = My dad walks to work every day. 我爸爸每天步行去上班。 【即学即用】 My sister will go to Beijing by plane tomorrow. (同义句转换) My sister will ______ ______ _______ to Beijing tomorrow. My sister will go to Beijing ______ ______ _______ tomorrow. 答案：take a plane; on a plane She has her own room and her own TV set. 她有自己的房间和电视机。 【用法讲解】own此处为形容词，译为“自己的、本人的”，own也可作动词，译为“拥有”。 Eg: I have my own car. 我有自己的车。 She wants to have a place of her own. 她想要拥有自己的地方。 He owned a new car. 他拥有一辆新车。 【常见搭配】 one’s own + 名词 某人自己的... On one’s own 独自地、靠自己 Eg: This is my own room. 这是我自己的房间。 She decided to learn to drive on her own. 她决定自学开车。 【派生词】 owner为可数名词，译为“主人、拥有者”。 Eg: Jane is the owner of the house. 简使这栋房子的主人。 【即学即用】 I met the _________ (own) of the local cafe yesterday, he’s a really nice guy. 答案：owner I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions. 在学习方面我变得更加自信，经常参加团体讨论。 【易混辨析】 attend, join, join in与take part in的区别 attend更侧重于正式或重要的活动或场合的出席； join更强调成为某个组织或团体的一员； Join in侧重于临时性、一次性的参与； Take part in则强调实际参与行为，且通常带有积极意义。 Eg: He will attend the meeting tomorrow. 他明天将出席会议。 She joined the Army last year. 她去年参军。 They joined in the conversation. 他们加入了谈话。 We took part in the community service project. 我们参加了社区服务项目。 【即学即用】 ( )1. When did you ______ the army? take part in B. join in C. attend D. join 答案： 1. D It’s amazing how much we have achieved together. 我们一起完成多么让人惊喜。 【用法讲解】 achieve为动词，译为“完成、达到”。 Eg: It takes hard work to achieve success. 成功需要努力工作。 【常见搭配】 achieve one’s goals/ dream 实现某人目标/梦想 Eg: He achieved his goal by peaceful means. 他通过和平手段达到了他的目的。 【派生词】 achievement为名词，译为“成就、业绩”。 Eg: He was rewarded for his scientific achievement. 他因在科学上取得的成就受到奖励。 【常见搭配】 sense of achievement 成就感 Eg: I felt a great sense of achievement when I reached the top of the mountain. 当我到达山顶的时候，我有一种巨大的成就感。 【即学即用】 经过多年的努力，他终于实现了自己的梦想。 After years of hard work, he finally ________ _______ ________. Her latest book is a great _________ (achieve). 答案：1. achieves his dream 2. achievement 语法解析 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 （一）侧重点不同 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事，存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成影响或产生了结果。 Eg: We cleaned the classroom this morning. 今天早上我们打扫了教室。 （教室是今天早上打扫的，至于现在是否干净，无从得知） We have already cleaned the classroom. 我们已经打扫了教室。（心在教室是干净的） （二）构成方式不同 一般过去时：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其它 现在完成时：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其它 Eg: He saw her three days ago. 三天前他看见她了。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成我的家庭作业了。 （三）时间状语不同 一般过去时：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等 现在完成时：just, already, ever, never, these days, this week, since…, for…等连用 Eg: Did you see the film last night? 你昨晚看那部电影了吗？ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. 他已经在北京住8年了。 写作 本单元写作主题为介绍“介绍你生活的变化” 常用句型 How time flies! 时光飞逝！ I have changed a lot in the past two years. 在过去两年中我改变许多。 Looking back to the eighth grade, 回顾八年级 what's more, I used to be weak in ... 而且，我过去在...方面很弱。 As a result... 结果... From my experiences, I realized that ... 从我的经验中，我意识到... 写作思路 1. 记叙文 2. 第一人称 3. 一般过去式、一般现在时、现在完成时 范文 How time flies! I have changed a lot in the past two years. I can’t wait to share my changes with you, which have a great influence on my study and life. Looking back to the eighth grade, I used to be short and thin. But now I’m much taller and stronger by doing exercise. Besides, I used to be shy and silent. I wasn’t brave enough to speak in front of crowds. But now I’m more outgoing and dare to give a speech in public. What’s more, I used to be weak in English. Thanks to my teacher, she advised me to listen carefully in class and read notes after class. As a result, I make great progress in English and get good grades. From my experiences, I realized that changes bring challenges as well as opportunities. Remember, it’s never too late to make changes to be a better person.