2026人教新版九年上册英语 Unit 2 Inspiring People! 讲义

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Unit 2 Inspiring People 单词解析 Inspiring (形容词) 鼓舞人心的、激励的 【用法讲解】 inspiring在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: The book tells an inspiring story of overcoming difficulties. 这本书讲述了一个克服困难的鼓舞人心的故事。 His speech was truly inspiring and motivated everyone in the room. 他的演讲非常鼓舞人心，激励了在场的每个人。 【常见搭配】 be inspiring to sb. 对某人来说很激励 Eg: His dedication to charity work is inspiring to many young people. 他对慈善事业的奉献精神激励了许多年轻人。 【派生词】 inspire为动词，译为“激励”； inspiration为名词，译为“灵感、激励”。 Eg: Her speech inspired many young people to pursue their dreams. 她的演讲激励了许多年轻人追求梦想。 Nature is a great source of inspiration for artists. 大自然是艺术家的重要灵感来源。 【即学即用】 The athlete’s comeback was an __________ (inspire) moment for all fans. 答案：inspiring Admire (动词) 钦佩、赞赏 Eg: I admire her courage. 我钦佩她的勇气。 He admires the beauty of nature. 他欣赏大自然的美。 【常见搭配】 admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 Admire sth. in sb. 欣赏某人身上的某种特质 Be admired as ... 被推崇为... Eg: She admired him for his honesty. 她因他的诚实而钦佩他。 I admire the kindness in her. 我欣赏她身上的善良。 He is admired as a pioneer in the field. 他被推崇为该领域的先驱。 【派生词】 admiration为名词，译为“钦佩、赞赏”； admirable为形容词，译为“值得钦佩的”。 Eg: His dedication to charity work earned him widespread admiration. 他对慈善工作的奉献赢得了广泛的钦佩。 Their courage in facing adversity was truly admirable. 他们在逆境中展现的勇气确实令人钦佩。 【即学即用】 He is widely a_________ for his leadership skills. The two writers shared a mutual _________ (admire). 答案：1. admired 2. admiration Historian (名词) 历史学家 【用法讲解】 historian为可数名词，其复数形式为historians。 Eg: The historian spent decades researching ancient civilizations. 这位历史学家花费数十年研究古代文明。 【派生词】 history为名词，译为“历史”； historical为形容词，译为“与历史相关的”； historic为形容词，译为“历史上重要的、有历史意义的”。 Eg: My favourite subject is history. 我最喜欢的学科是历史。 This museum displays many historical artifacts from ancient civilizations. 这座博物馆展出了许多来自古代闻名的历史文物。 The signing of the treaty was a historic event for both nations. 该条约的签署对两国来说是一个历史性事件。 【即学即用】 Many _________ (history) argue that the event was misinterpreted. 答案：historians Researcher (名词) 研究人员 【用法讲解】 researcher为可数名词，其复数形式为researchers，也可译为“调查者”。 Eg: The researcher discovered a new species in the rainforest. 这位研究员在雨林中发现了一个新物种。 【常见搭配】 lead/ senior researcher 首席/高级研究员 Eg: Dr. Smith is the lead researcher on this study. 史密斯博士是这项研究的首席研究员。 【派生词】 research为名词/动词，译为“研究”； Eg: She will research the effects of climate change on marine life. 她将研究气候变化对海洋生物的影响。 His research on ancient languages won an academic award. 他对古代语言的研究获得了学术奖项。 【即学即用】 A team of international __________ (研究人员) collaborated on this project. 答案：researchers Chemist (名词) 化学家 【用法讲解】 chemist为可数名词，其复数形式为chemists，还可译为“药剂师、药商”。 Eg: The famous chemist made important discoveries in organic chemistry. 这位著名化学家在有机化学领域有重大发现。 You can buy this medicine at your local chemist. 你可以在当地药剂师那买到这种药。 【常见搭配】 chemist’s lab/ report 化学实验室/报告 Eg: The chemist’s report confirmed the presence of contaminants. 化学报告确认了污染物的存在。 【派生词】 chemistry为名词，译为“化学”； chemical为形容词/名词，译为“化学的、化学物质”。 Eg: She fell in love with chemistry after her first laboratory experiment. 她在第一次实验室实验后就爱上了化学。 The factory was fined for dumping toxic chemicals into the river. 这家工厂因向河流倾倒有毒化学品被罚款。 【即学即用】 She works as a _________ (chemistry) in a pharmaceutical company. 答案：chemist Physicist (名词) 物理学家 【用法讲解】 physicist为可数名词，其赋税形式为physicists。 Eg: The physicist won the Nobel Prize for his quantum theory research. 这位物理学家因量子理论研究获得诺贝尔奖。 【派生词】 physics为名词，译为“物理学”； physical为形容词/名词，译为“物理的/体检”。 Eg: Quantum physics is a challenging but fascinating subject. 量子物理学是一门具有挑战性但令人着迷的学科。 The physical properties of this material make it ideal for construction. 这种材料的物理特性使其成为建筑的理想选择。 All new employees must undergo a physical before starting work. 所有新员工入职前必须进行体检。 【即学即用】 Stephen Hawking was a renowned __________ (physics) known for his work on black holes. 答案：physicist Hunger (名词) 饥饿 【用法讲解】 hunger常为不可数名词，但在表示“对某事的强烈渴望”时为可数名词；hunger还可动词，译为“挨饿、渴望”。 Eg: The refugees died of hunger during the famine. 难民们在饥荒中饿死。 She has a hunger for knowledge that never fades. 她对知识有着永不褪色的渴望。 The prisoners were left to hunger in their cells. 囚犯们在牢房里挨饿。 【常见搭配】 die of/ suffer from hunger 死于/遭受饥饿 Hunger for 对...的渴望 Eg: Many children suffer from hunger in war zones. 在战区许多孩子遭受饥饿。 His hunger for adventure led him to Antarctica. 【派生词】 hungry为形容词，译为“饥饿的”。 Eg: After the long hike, we were all hungry and ready for dinner. 长途徒步后，我们都饿了，准备吃晚饭。 【即学即用】 The refugees faced severe ________ (饥饿) after the disaster. 答案：hunger Chemistry (名词) 化学 【用法讲解】 chemistry为不可数名词。 Eg: She studies chemistry at university. 她在大学学习化学。 【常见搭配】 have chemistry (with sb.) （和某人）有默契/有吸引力 Lack chemistry 缺乏默契 Eg: The actors had amazing chemistry on screen. 这些演员在影评上很有吸引力。 The team lacked chemistry, which affected their performance. 这个团队缺乏默契，影响了他们的表演。 【派生词】 chemical为形容词，译为“化学的”；chemical还可为名词，译为“化学品”； chemist为名词，译为“化学家”。 Eg: The chemical reaction produced a bright blue light. 这个化学反应产生了明亮的蓝光。 Always wear gloves when handing dangerous chemicals. 处理危险化学品时务必戴手套。 Marie Curie was a famous chemist who discovered radium. 居里夫人是发现镭的著名化学家。 【即学即用】 Our __________ (化学) professor won the Nobel Prize. 答案：chemistry Drop out (of sth.) 辍学、不再参加 Eg: After two years, Mark dropped out of Harvard to start his own business. 就读两年后，马克从哈佛辍学创业。 【即学即用】 他大学辍学去创业。 He _______ ______ ______ college to start a business. 答案：dropped out of Calendar (名词) 日历 【用法讲解】 calendar为可数名词，其复数形式为calendars，还可译为“日程表、历法”；calendar为动词，译为“把...列入日程、安排（时间）”。 Eg: Mark the deadline on your calendar. 在日历上标出截至日期。 The conference is calendared for May 15th. 会议定在5月15日。 【常见搭配】 lunar calendar 农历 Solar calendar 阳历 Clear one’s calendar 腾出时间 Eg: The Spring Festival is based on the lunar calendar. 春节是基于农历的。 Most countries use the solar calendar for official purposes. 大多数国家在正式场合使用阳历。 He cleared his calendar for the weekend trip. 他为周末旅行腾出了时间。 【即学即用】 I marked the meeting date on my _________ (日历). 答案：calendar Discovery (名词) 发现 【用法讲解】 discovery为可数名词，其复数形式为discoveries，还可译为“证据开示”。 Eg: The discovery of DNA’s structure revolutionized biology. DNA结构的发现彻底改变了生物学。 【常见搭配】 major/ significant discovery 重大发现 Eg: The telescope enabled major discoveries in astronomy. 望远镜在天文学上促成了重大发现。 【派生词】 discover为动词，译为“发现”； discoverer为名词，译为“发现者”。 Eg: Scientists discovered a new species of butterfly in the rainforest. 科学家在雨林中发现了一种新的蝴蝶品种。 Christopher Columbus is often credited as the discover of the Americas. 克里斯托弗.哥伦布常被认为是美洲的发现者。 【易混辨析】 discovery、invention与finding区别： discovery强调首次发现已存在的事物； invention指创造原本不存在的新事物； finding多指研究或调查后的结果。 【即学即用】 The ________ (discover) of penicillin revolutionized medicine. 答案：discovery Century (名词) 世纪 【用法讲解】 century为可数名词，其复数形式为centuries。 Eg: This century has seen unprecedented technological advancements. 本世纪见证了前所未有的技术进步。 【常见搭配】 the + 序数词 + century ...世纪 Turn of the century 世纪之交 Eg: The 20th century was marked by two world wars and significant social changes. 20世纪以两次世界大战和重大的社会变革为标志。 We are now at the turn of the century, facing new challenges and opportunities. 我们现在正处于世纪之交，面临着新的挑战和机遇。 【即学即用】 ( )1. Many great artists emerged during the _________. 19 century B. 19th century C. 19 centuries D. 19th centuries 答案： B Wounded (形容词) 受伤的、负伤的 【用法讲解】 wounded在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: The wounded policeman was rushed to the hospital. 受伤的警察被紧急送往医院。 Her wounded expression showed how deeply the words had hurt her. 她受伤的表情显示出那些话对她的伤害有多深。 【常见搭配】 the wounded 伤员 Eg: Doctors worked all night to treat the wounded. 医生一整晚在贡酒治疗伤员。 【派生词】 wound为名词/动词，译为“伤口、使受伤”。 Eg: The solider had a deep wound on his leg from the battle. 士兵的腿上有一处战斗留下的深深伤口。 【易混辨析】 wounded、injured与hurt区别： wounded多指外力造成的开放性伤害； injured泛指各种伤害（含内伤）； Hurt更口语化，可指身心伤害。 【即学即用】 Volunteers helped carry the _________ (wound) from the battlefield. 答案：wounded Soldier (名词) 士兵 【用法讲解】 soldier为可数名词，其复数形式为soldiers。 Eg: The soldier marched in the parade. 士兵在游行中列队行进。 【常见搭配】 soldier on 坚持不懈、继续努力 Eg: Despite setbacks, they soldiered on with the project. 尽管遇到挫折，他们仍坚持推进项目。 【即学即用】 Many ________ (士兵) were injured during the war. 答案：soldiers British (形容词) 英国的、英国人的；(名词) 英国人 【用法讲解】 British为不可数名词。 Eg: British cuisine is famous for its diversity and rich flavors. 英国美食以其多样性和丰富的口感而闻名。 The British people are known for their sense of humour and politeness. 英国人以其幽默感和礼貌而闻名。 【派生词】 Britain为名词，译为“英国”。 Eg: In Britain and the US, people get the vote at 18. 在英国和美国，国民18岁开始有选举权。 【即学即用】 _________ (Britain) history is full of fascinating stories and important events. 答案：British Airway (名词) （飞机的）航线、航路 【用法讲解】 airway为可数名词，其复数形式为airways，还可译为“呼吸道、气道、通风井”等。 Eg: This airway is heavily used by international flights. 这条航线是国际航班的高频使用路径。 The doctor cleared the patient’s airway to help him breathe. 医生清理了患者的气道以帮助他呼吸。 Miners rely on airways for ventilation underground. 矿工依赖通风井保障地下空气流通。 【常见搭配】 upper/ lower airway 上/下呼吸道 International airway 国际航线 Eg: Infections can affect both the upper and lower airways. 感染可能波及上呼吸道和下呼吸道。 This airline operates on major international airways. 该航空公司经营主要国际航线。 【即学即用】 Modern airplanes rely on advanced ___________ (航线) navigation systems. 答案：airway Nation (名词) 国家、民族 【用法讲解】 nation为可数名词，其复数形式为nations，还可译为“国民、部落”。 Eg: The nation’s traditions are passed down through generations. 这个民族的传统代代相传。 The nation celebrated the victory with parades. 全国人民用游行庆祝胜利。 The Navajo Nation has its own laws and government. 纳瓦霍部落有自己的法律和政府。 【常见搭配】 United Nations (UN) 联合国 Developed/ developing nation 发达国家/发展中国家 Eg: The United Nations plays a key role in global peacekeeping. 联合国在全球维和中起关键作用。 Climate change policies differ between developed and developing nations. 发达国家和发展中国家的气候变化政策不同。 【派生词】 national为形容词，译为“国家的/全国性的”； nationality为名词，译为“国籍”。 Eg: The national flag of China is red with five yellow stars. 中国国旗是红色背景上有五颗黄色星星。 She holds dual nationality, both British and French. 她拥有双重国籍，既有英国籍也是法国籍。 【即学即用】 Each sovereign ___________ (国家) has the right to determine its own laws. 答案：nation Spread (名词) 传播、散布；(动词) 传播、散布 【用法讲解】 spread作动词还可译为“展开、涂”；spread还可作名词，译为“传播、蔓延”。 Eg: The news of his success spread quickly through the town. 他成功的消息很快在镇上传开了。 She spread the blanket on the grass and lay down. 她把毯子铺在草地上，然后躺了下来。 He spread some butter on the toast. 他在烤面包上涂了些黄油。 The spread of the virus is a serious problem. 病毒的传播是一个严重的问题。 【常见搭配】 spread oneself too thin 精力过度分散 Eg: Managing three startups spread him too thin. 同时经营三家初创公司让他分身乏术。 【即学即用】 Rumors (谣言) s________ through social media. 答案：spread Disease (名词) 疾病 【用法讲解】 disease为可数名词，其复数形式为diseases。 Eg: Regular exercise reduces the risk of heart disease. 规律运动降低心脏病风险。 【常见搭配】 a disease of society 社会弊病 Eg: Corruption is a disease of modern society. 贪污是现代社会的弊病。 【派生词】 diseased为形容词，译为“患病的、有病害的”。 Eg: The diseased tree had to be cut down to prevent the infection from spreading. 这棵患病的树不得不被砍伐，以防止病害蔓延。 【易混辨析】 illness与disease区别： illness侧重描述身体或心理上处于不健康的状态，不一定有明确的病因或病理特征； Disease通常指具体的、有明确病理特征和病因的疾病，强调医学上的专业性和严重性。 Eg: He took a leave of absence because of illness. 他因生病请假了。 Cancer is a serious disease that affects many people worldwide. 癌症是一种严重影响全球许多人的严重疾病。 【即学即用】 What ___________(疾病) causes these symptoms? 答案：disease Pioneer (名词) 先驱、先锋 【用法讲解】 pioneer为可数名词，其复数形式为pioneers，还可译为“开拓者”；pioneer还可为动词，译为“开拓、开创、倡导”。 Eg: Marie Curie was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity. 居里夫人是放射性领域的先驱。 The pioneers crossed the continent in covered wagons. 拓荒者乘坐篷车穿越了大陆。 This company pioneered the use of solar energy in urban design. 这家公司开创了太阳能应用于城市设计的先河。 【常见搭配】 Pioneered by ... 由...首创 Pioneer spirit 开拓精神 Eg: This surgical technique was pioneered by Dr. Smith. 这项外科技术由史密斯医生首创。 The settlers showed great pioneer spirit in the face of challenges. 面对挑战，这些定居者展现了强大的开拓精神。 【派生词】 pioneering为形容词，译为“开创性的”。 Eg: His pioneering research in renewable energy changed the industry. 他在可再生能源领域的开创性研究改变了整个行业。 【即学即用】 Steve Jobs is considered a tech p_________ of the digital age. 答案：pioneer Admirable (形容词) 令人钦佩的 【用法讲解】 admirable在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: She showed admirable courage in facing the challenge. 她在面对挑战时表现出令人钦佩的勇气。 His dedication to the project is truly admirable. 他对这个项目的投入确实令人钦佩。 【常见搭配】 an admirable quality/ trait 令人钦佩的品质 Find sth. admirable 认为某事值得钦佩 Eg: Her perseverance is an admirable quality. 她的毅力是令人钦佩的品质。 I find his honesty truly admirable. 我认为他的诚实非常值得钦佩。 【派生词】 admire为动词，译为“钦佩”； admiration为名词，译为“钦佩”； admirer为名词，译为“赞赏者、爱慕者”。 Eg: I deeply admire her perseverance in overcoming challenges. 我十分钦佩她克服困难的毅力。 His courage earned him the admiration of his colleagues. 他的勇气赢得了同事们的钦佩。 As a talented artist, she has many admirers around the world. 作为一名才华横溢的艺术家，她在世界各地有很多赞赏者。 【即学即用】 The firefighters showed ____________ (admire) courage during the rescue. 答案：admirable Pyramid (名词) 金字塔 【用法讲解】 pyramid为可数名词，其复数形式为pyramids，还可译为“锥体”。 Eg: The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the Seven Wonders. 吉萨大金字塔是七大奇迹之一。 A square pyramid has five faces. 一个四棱锥有五个面。 【即学即用】 Egyptian ___________ (金字塔) were built as tombs for pharaohs. 答案：pyramids Balance (名词) 平衡；(动词) 保持平衡 【用法讲解】 balance为不可数名词，balance还可译为“天平、余额”，此时为可数名词。 Eg: She lost her balance and fell off the bike. 她失去平衡，从自行车上摔下来了。 She uses a delicate balance to weigh the ingredients. 她用一个精致的天平来称量配料。 Check your bank balance regularly. 定期检查你的银行余额。 He tried to balance work and family life. 他试图平衡工作和家庭生活。 【常见搭配】 keep balance 保持平衡 Lose one’s balance 失去平衡 Eg: Yoga helps improve the ability to keep balance. 瑜伽有助于提升保持平衡的能力。 He slipped on the ice and lost his balance. 他在冰上滑倒，失去了平衡。 【派生词】 balanced为形容词，译为“平衡的”。 Eg: The gymnast performed a series of balanced movements. 体操运动员完成了一系列平衡的动作。 【即学即用】 The government aims to achieve ___________ (balance) development between urban and rural areas. 答案：balanced Courage (名词) 勇气、勇敢 【用法讲解】 courage通常为不可数名词，还可译为“ Eg: Her courage is an example to us all. 她的勇气是我们大家的榜样。 【常见搭配】 have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事 Lack of courage 缺乏勇气 Show courage 展现勇气 Eg: She had the courage to confront her fears. 她有勇气面对恐惧。 His lack of courage prevented him from taking risks and pursuing his dreams. 他缺乏勇气，无法冒险追求自己的梦想。 He showed great courage in the face of danger. 他在面对危险时展现了极大的勇气。 【派生词】 courageous为形容词，译为“勇敢的、无畏的”； Eg: It was courageous of him to save the child from the fire. 他从火中救出小孩真是勇敢呀。 【即学即用】 The firefighters showed great c_________ in saving the children. 答案：courage Wisdom (名词) 智慧、学问 【用法讲解】 wisdom为不可数名词。 Eg: Ancient Greek philosophy contains timeless wisdom. 古希腊哲学蕴含永恒的智慧。 【常见搭配】 folk wisdom 民间智慧 With wisdom 明智地 Eg: This remedy comes from folk wisdom. 这种疗法源自民间智慧。 She handled the crisis with wisdom. 她明智地处理了危机。 【派生词】 wise为形容词，译为“明智的”； wisely为副词，译为“明智地”. Eg: It would be wise to save money for emergencies. 为紧急情况存钱是明智之举。 She wisely chose to invest in education rather than luxury. 她明智地选择投资教育而非奢侈品。 【即学即用】 The old man shared his _________ (智慧) with the young generation. 答案：wisdom Look up to sb. 钦佩、仰慕 【用法讲解】 look up to sb. 还可译为“以某人为榜样”。 Eg: Many young athletes look up to LeBron James as a role model. 许多年轻运动员将勒布朗.詹姆斯视为榜样。 【即学即用】 在许多文化中，孩子们被教导要尊敬长辈。 In many cultures, children are taught to _______ _______ _______ their elders. 答案：look up to Inspiration (名词) 鼓舞人心的人（或事物） 【用法讲解】 inspiration此时为可数名词，inspiration还可译为“灵感”，此时为不可数名词。 Eg: His speech was an inspiration to all the volunteers. 他的演讲鼓舞了所有志愿者。 Nature is her greatest source of inspiration for painting. 大自然是她绘画的最大灵感来源。 【常见搭配】 be an inspiration to sb. 对某人来说是鼓舞 Artistic/ musical inspiration 艺术/音乐灵感 Sudden flash of inspiration 灵光一现 Eg: His perseverance is an inspiration to all of us. 他的毅力鼓舞着我们所有人。 Travel often sparks his artistic inspiration. 旅行常激发他的艺术灵感。 A sudden flash of inspiration helped her solve the problem. 灵光一现帮她解决了问题。 【派生词】 inspire为动词，译为“激发、激励”； inspired为形容词，译为“受启发的、有灵感的”； inspirational为形容词，译为“鼓舞人心的”。 Eg: Her dedication to charity work inspires many young volunteers. 她对慈善事业的奉献激励了许多年轻志愿者。 The artist created an inspired painting after visiting the mountains. 这位艺术家在游览山区后创作了一幅充满灵感的画作。 His speech was so inspirational that the audience gave a standing ovation. 他的演讲如此鼓舞人心，观众起立鼓掌。 【即学即用】 The teacher’s words gave me the ___________ (inspire) to keep trying. 答案：inspiration Brave (形容词) 勇敢的、无畏的；(动词) 勇敢面对、经受（困难） 【用法讲解】 brave作形容词时在句中作定语或表语。 Eg: She is brave and never afraid to speak her mind. 她很勇敢，从不害怕说出自己的想法。 She is a brave girl. 她是一个勇敢的女孩。 The sailors braved the storm to reach the harbor. 水手们冒着风暴抵达港口。 【常见搭配】 be brave enough to do sth. 足够勇敢去做某事 Be brave about/ in sth. 在某事上勇敢 Eg: The soldier was brave enough to face the enemy alone. 这位士兵足够勇敢，敢于单独面对敌人。 She was brave about facing her fears. 她勇敢地面对了自己的恐惧。 【派生词】 bravery为名词，译为“勇敢”。 Eg: It took a lot of bravery to confess to the crime. 承认罪行需要很大的勇气。 I admire your bravery in facing this challenge. 我钦佩你面对这个挑战时的勇敢。 【即学即用】 Rescuing the child from the river was a ________ (勇敢的) act. She showed great _________ (brave) in saving the child from the burning building. 答案： 1. brave; 2. bravery Necessary (形容词) 必要的、必需的 【用法讲解】 necessary在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: Sleep is necessary for good health. 睡眠对健康是必要的。 Conflict is a necessary part of growth. 冲突是成长的必然部分。 【常见搭配】 it is necessary to do sth. 做某事是必须的 If necessary 如果必要的话 Necessary skills 必备技能 Eg: It is necessary to wear helmet while riding a motorcycle. 骑摩托车时必须戴头盔。 Take a break if necessary. 如果需要的话，休息一下。 Communication is one of the necessary skills for this job. 沟通能力是这份工作的必备技能之一。 【派生词】 necessitate为动词，译为“使成为必需”； necessity为名词，译为“必需品、必要性”。 Eg: The sudden storm necessitated a change in our travel plans. 突如其来的暴风雨使我们的旅行计划不得不改变。 Clean water is a basic necessity for all living beings. 清洁的水是所有生物的基本必需品。 【即学即用】 It's necessary _________ (submit) the documents by Friday. 答案：to submit Seed (名词) 种子 【用法讲解】 seed为可数名词，还可译为“根源、起因、种子选手”；seed还可为动词，译为“播种、引发”等。 Eg: The farmer planted sunflower seeds in the field. 农民在田里播下向日葵种子。 His jealousy was the seed of their conflict. 他的嫉妒是他们矛盾的根源。 They seeded the lawn with new grass. 他们在草坪上播种了新草种。 The rumor seeded panic among investors. 谣言在投资者中引发了恐慌。 【常见搭配】 go/ run to seed 凋敝、退化 Top seed 头号种子选手 Eg: The old mansion has gone to seed after years of neglect. 这栋老宅因常年无人打理而破败。 The top seed was upset in the first round of the tournament. 头号种子选手在比赛首轮爆冷出局。 【派生词】 seeder为名词，译为“播种机、播种者”。 Eg: The new seeder can plant seeds more efficiently than manual labor. 这台新播种机比人工播种效率更高。 【即学即用】 Farmers sow _________ (种子) in spring for a autumn harvest. 答案：seeds Childhood (名词) 童年 【用法讲解】 childhood为可数名词，还可译为“早期发展阶段”。 Eg: She had a happy childhood in the countryside. 她在乡下度过了快乐的童年。 The company is still in its childhood and needs support. 这家公司仍处于早期阶段，需要支持。 【常见搭配】 childhood friend 发小/童年好友 Eg: They’ve been childhood friends for over 30 years. 他们是30多年的发小。 【派生词】 child为名词，译为“孩童”，其复数形式为children； childish为形容词，译为“孩子气的、幼稚的”； childlike为形容词，译为“天真烂漫的”。 Eg: There are lots of children in the park. 公园里有许多孩子。 His childish behavior during the meeting annoyed his colleagues. 他在会议上的幼稚行为惹恼了同事。 She has a childlike sense of wonder about the world. 她对世界保持着孩子般的天真好奇。 【即学即用】 Language skills develop rapidly in early __________ (童年). 答案：childhood Come true 实现、成为现实 Eg: Hard work and perseverance made his ambitions come true. 努力和坚持让他的抱负得以实现。 【即学即用】 她成为医生的梦想终于实现了。 Her dream of becoming a doctor finally _________ __________. 答案：came true Dynasty (名词) 朝代、王朝 【用法讲解】 dynasty为可数名词，其复数形式为dynasties。 Eg: The first emperor established a dynasty that lasted for centuries. 第一位皇帝建立的王朝延续了几个世纪。 【常见搭配】 Tang/ Song/ Ming ... dynasty 唐/宋/名...朝 Establish a dynasty 建立王朝 Fall of a dynasty 王朝的覆灭 Eg: The Ming Dynasty rules China for nearly 300 years. 明朝统治中国近300年。 The first emperor established a dynasty that lasted for centuries. 第一位皇帝建立的王朝延续了几个世纪。 The fall of the Romanov Dynasty marked the end of imperial Russia. 罗曼诺夫王朝的覆灭标志着沙皇俄国的终结。 【派生词】 dynastic为形容词，译为“王朝的”。 Eg: The dynastic struggle lasted for generations. 这个朝代的挣扎持续了几代人。 【即学即用】 唐朝常被称为中国的黄金时代。 The _______ ________ is often called China’s golden age. 答案：Tang Dynasty Western (形容词) 西方的、西部的 【用法讲解】 western常作定语，修饰名词。 Eg: England is a western country. 英国是一个西方国家。 【常见搭配】 western region 西部地区 Eg: Developing Education is a key to the development of the western regions. 发展民族教育是西部大开发的重要基础。 【派生词】 west为名词，译为“西方、西部”；也可为形容词，译为“西方的”。 Eg: The sun was sinking in the west. 太阳西坠。 【即学即用】 The restaurant serves both __________ (west) and Asian food. 答案：western Scientific (形容词) 科学（上）的 【用法讲解】 scientific在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: This theory is based on scientific evidence. 这一理论基于科学证据。 【常见搭配】 scientific research/ study 科学研究 Scientific breakthrough 科学方法 Eg: The team published their findings in a scientific journal. 团队在科学期刊上发表了他们的研究成果。 The experiment followed the rigorous scientific method. 实验遵循了严格的科学方法。 【派生词】 science为名词，译为“科学”； scientist为名词，译为“科学家”。 Eg: The boy’s favourite subject is science. 这个男孩最喜欢的学科是科学。 The young scientist made a groundbreaking discovery in quantum physics. 这位年轻的科学家在量子物理领域取得了突破性发现。 【即学即用】 She took a __________ (science) approach to solving the problem. 答案：scientific Biologist (名词) 生物学家 【用法讲解】 biologist为可数名词，其复数形式为biologists。 Eg: The biologist discovered a new species of deep - sea fish. 这位生物学家发现了一种新的深海鱼类。 【派生词】 biology为名词，译为“生物学”； biological为形容词，译为“生物的”。 Eg: She decided to major in biology because of her fascination with living organisms. 由于对生物体的着迷，她决定主修生物学。 The biological diversity of the rainforest is astonishing. 热带雨林的生物多样性令人惊叹。 【即学即用】 Wildlife __________ (biology) track endangered species to protect them. 答案：biologist Whole (形容词) 所有的、完全的 【用法讲解】 whole也可作名词，译为“整体”。 Eg: The whole cake is too big to eat in one sitting. 整个蛋糕太大了，一次吃不完。 She spent her whole day working on the project. 她整天都在忙这个项目。 He gave a whole new perspective on the issue. 他对这个问题提供了一个全新的视角。 The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. 整体大于部分之和。 I will be away for the whole of next week. 我下周整个星期都不在。 【常见搭配】 as a whole 总体上 In whole 完全地、彻底地 On the whole 总体而言 Eg: The book is excellent as a whole. 这本书总体上很优秀。 He understand the problem in whole. 他完全理解了这个问题。 On the whole, the conference was successful. 总的说来，会议是成功的。 【易混辨析】 whole和all 区别 whole常用于修饰单数可数名词；位于冠词、指示代词、物主代词及名词所有格之后。 all常用于修饰不可数名词或复数可数名词；位于定冠词、指示代词、物主代词及名词所有格之前。 Eg: This whole holiday has passed quickly. 整个假期都过的很快。 They walked all the way. 他们一路上都是步行。 【即学即用】 She ate the ________ (整个的) cake by herself. 这个项目必须整体考虑。 The project must be considered ______ ______ _________. 答案：1. whole 2. as a whole Bank (名词) 银行 【用法讲解】 bank为可数名词，其复数形式为banks，还可译为“河岸”；bank还可为动词，译为“存款、堆积、倾斜飞行”。 Eg: We had a picnic on the bank of the river. 我们在河岸边野餐。 I need to go to the bank to withdraw some money. 我需要去银行取些钱。 He banked his salary every month. 他每月把工资存入银行。 The snow was banked up against the wall. 雪堆积在墙边。 The plane banked sharply to the left. 飞机向左急转弯。 【常见搭配】 river bank 河岸 Bank account 银行账户 Bank card 银行卡 Eg: The children played on the river bank. 孩子们在河岸边玩耍。 I opened a new bank account yesterday. 我昨天开了一个新的银行账户。 Don’t forget your bank card when you go shopping. 购物时别忘了带银行卡。 【派生词】 banker为名词，译为“银行家”； Banking为名词，译为“银行业”。 Eg: He is a successful investment banker. 他是一位成功的投资银行家。 She has a degree in banking and finance. 她拥有银行与金融学位。 【即学即用】 The river overflowed his b________ after the heavy rain. 答案：banks Forever (副词) 永远 【用法讲解】 forever还可为名词，译为“永恒、无限的时间”。 Eg: The machine runs forever without stopping. 这台机器一直运转，从不停止。 It felt like forever before the bus arrived. 公交车仿佛过了很久才来。 【常见搭配】 forever doing sth. 总是做某事 A forever home 永久归宿 Eg: He’s forever forgetting his keys. 他老是忘记带钥匙。 The shelter found a forever home for the rescued dog. 收容所为被救助的狗找到了永久的家。 【即学即用】 True friendship can last _________ (永远). 答案：forever Radio (名词) 无线电、收音机 【用法讲解】 radio为可数名词，其复数形式为radios；radio还可为动词，译为“用无线电发送”。 Eg: The ship sent a distress signal by radio. 船只通过无线电发送了求救信号。 The pilot radioed the control tower for help. 飞行员用无线电向控制塔求助。 【常见搭配】 listen to radio 听广播 Radio station 广播电台 On the radio 在广播中 Eg: She listens to the radio every morning. 她每天早上听广播。 This radio station plays classical music 24/7. 这家电台全天播放古典音乐。 His song has been played on the radio nationwide. 他的歌曲在全国广播中播放。 【即学即用】 She turns on the r_______ every morning for news. 答案：radio Leave behind 留下、遗留 【用法讲解】 leave behind还可译为“超越、使落后、抛弃”。 Eg: I left behind my keys at the cafe. 我把钥匙忘在咖啡馆了。 Her innovation left behind all competitors. 她的创新让所有竞争者望尘莫及。 The hiker was left behind by his group. 这名徒步者被他的队伍落下了。 【即学即用】 小偷没有留下任何线索。 The thief ________ ________ no clues. 答案：left behind Collection (名词) 收集物、收藏品 【用法讲解】 collection为可数名词，其复数形式为collections。 Eg: He has a valuable collection of antique cars. 他有一系列珍贵的古董车收藏。 【常见搭配】 a collection of ... ...的收藏 Eg: She has a large collection of stamps. 她有一大堆的邮票收藏品。 【派生词】 collect为动词，译为“收藏、聚集、领取”； collector为名词，译为“收藏家”。 Eg: She collects stamps as a hobby. 她收藏邮票作为爱好。 The antique collector displayed his treasures at the museum. 这位古董收藏家在博物馆展出了他的珍品。 【即学即用】 The museum’s art __________ (collect) spans five centuries. 答案：collections Live on 继续存在、继续活着 【用法讲解】 live on还可译为“以...为生、依赖...生存、被铭记”。 Eg: The legend of King Arthur lives on in stories. 亚瑟王的传说通过故事流传至今。 The villagers live on fishing and farming. 村民以捕鱼和农耕为生。 Her kindness will live on in our hearts. 她的善良将永远留下我们心中。 【即学即用】 他的勇敢将永远留在我们心中。 His bravery will _______ ______ in our hearts. 答案：live on Exploration (名词) 探索 【用法讲解】 exploration为可数名词，其复数形式为explorations，还可译为“研究、探究、探查”。 Eg: The exploration of Mars has fascinated scientists for decades. 对火星的探索几十年来一直吸引着科学家。 His book is an exploration of human emotions. 他的书是对人类情感的探究。 【常见搭配】 space exploration 太空探索 Eg: NASA has made significant progress in space exploration. 美国宇航局在太空探索方面取得了重大进展。 【派生词】 explore为动词，译为“探索”； explorer为名词，译为“探索者、探险家”。 Eg: We spent the afternoon exploring the old town. 我们花了一下午探索这座古镇。 The famous explorer spent years mapping uncharted territories in the Amazon. 这位著名的探险家花了数年时间绘制亚马逊流域的未知地域地图。 【即学即用】 Modern technology has revolutionized ___________ (explore) of the deep sea. 答案：exploration Universe (名词) 宇宙 【用法讲解】 universe为可数名词，其复数形式为universes，还可译为“领域、范围、全域”。 Eg: The universe is estimated to be 13.8 billion years old. 宇宙估计有138亿年的历史。 In the universe of fashion, trends change rapidly. 在时尚领域，潮流变化迅速。 【常见搭配】 expand one’s universe 扩展视野/领域 In the universe of ... 在...的领域/范围内 Eg: Traveling helps to expand your universe. 旅行有助于扩展你的视野。 In the universe of classical music, he is a legend. 在古典音乐领域，他是一个传奇。 【派生词】 universal为形容词，译为“普通的、通用的”。 Eg: The concept of human rights is considered universal. 人权的概念被认为是通用的。 【即学即用】 Scientists believe the __________ (宇宙) is expanding. 答案：universe Socialism (名词) 社会主义 【用法讲解】 socialism为不可数名词。 Eg: Socialism emphasizes collective ownership of resources. 社会主义强调资源的集体所有制。 【常见搭配】 Socialism with Chinese characteristics 中国特色社会主义 Eg: Socialism with Chinese characteristics adapts Marxist principles to China’s context. 中国特色社会主义将马克思主义原理与中国实际相结合。 【派生词】 social为形容词，译为“社会的”； society为名词，译为“社会”； socialist为名词，译为“社会主义者”。 Eg: Social issues like poverty need global attention. 贫困等社会问题需要全球关注。 Modern society faces challenges like climate change. 现代社会面临气候变化等挑战。 As a socialist, she believes in the redistribution of wealth to reduce inequality. 作为一名社会主义者，她相信通过财富再分配来减少不平等。 【即学即用】 Some countries combine __________ (social) with market economies. 答案：socialism Hole (名词) 洞、孔 【用法讲解】 hole为可数名词，其复数形式为holes，还可译为“漏洞、缺陷”；hole还可为动词，译为“打洞、穿孔”。 Eg: There’s a hole in my sock. 我的袜子上有个洞。 His argument was full of holes. 他的论点漏洞百出。 The worker holed the wall to install a pipe. 工人在墙上打洞安装管道。 【常见搭配】 black hole 黑洞 Pick holes in .. 挑毛病 In a hole 陷入困境 Make a hole in 大量消耗 Eg: Scientists study black holes in space. 科学家研究太空中的黑洞。 He always picks holes in my arguments. 他总是挑我论点中的毛病。 After the scandal, the company was in a hole. 丑闻后公司陷入困境。 Medical bills made a hole in his savings. 医疗费花了他一大笔积蓄。 【派生词】 holey为形容词，译为“多孔的、有洞的”。 Eg: This old sweater is holey and needs to be replaced. 这件旧毛衣有很多洞，需要换掉了。 【即学即用】 The dog dug a _________ (洞) in the garden. 答案：hole Daughter (名词) 女儿 【用法讲解】 daughter为可数名词，其复数形式为daughters。 Eg: Their daughter just graduated from medical school. 他们的女儿刚从医学院毕业。 【常见搭配】 only daughter 独生女 Eg: As an only daughter, she receives much attention. 作为一名独生女，她收到太多关注。 【即学即用】 My grandmother has three __________ (女儿). 答案：daughters Herself (代词) 她自己、她本人 【用法讲解】 herself是一个反身代词，在句中常作宾语、同位语或表语。 Eg: You'd better ask Mary herself. 你最好问问玛丽本人。 【知识拓展】 其它反身代词有myself（我自己）；yourself（你自己）；himself（他自己)；itself（它自己）；ourselves (我们自己)；yourselves（你们自己）；themselves（他们自己）。 Eg: We are so proud of ourselves. 我们对自己感到非常自豪。 The man in the photo is myself. 照片上那个人是我。 【常见搭配】 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴、过得愉快 By oneself 独自地、单独地 For oneself 亲自、本人 To oneself 独自享用、独自占有 With oneself 自我控制、自我约束 Eg: We enjoyed ourselves last night. 我们昨天晚上玩得很开心。 He learned to swim by himself. 他自学游泳。 He signed the contract for himself. 他亲自签了合同。 She kept the secret to herself. 她保守秘密，没有告诉别人。 He needs to learn to control his anger with himself. 他需要学会控制自己的愤怒。 【派生词】 she为人称代词主格，译为“她”； her为人称代词宾格，译为“她”； her为形容词性物主代词，译为“她的”。 Eg: She is my sister, her name is Helen, and I love her very much. 她是我的姐妹，她的名字是海伦，我非常爱她。 【即学即用】 She taught ________ (she) to play the piano. 答案：herself Flight (名词) 飞行、航班 【用法讲解】 flight为可数名词，其复数形式为flights，还可译为“楼梯的一段”；flight也可为动词，译为“迁徙、射击飞鸟”。 Eg: Our flight to Tokyo was delayed by two hours. 我们飞往东京的航班延误了两小时。 The eagle’s flight was observed by scientists. 科学家们观察了这只鹰的飞行。 Geese flight south in winter. 大雁冬季南飞。 【常见搭配】 direct/ non - stop flight 直飞航班 Flight attendant 空乘人员 Take flight 逃跑 Put sb. to flight 迫使某人逃跑 A flight of stairs 一段楼梯 Eg: We took a direct flight to save time. 为了节省时间我们乘坐直飞航班。 The flight attendant served drinks during the trip. 空乘人员在旅行中提供饮品。 The thieves took flight when the alarm sounded. 闹铃响时那几个贼逃跑了。 The army put the invaders to flight. 军队迫使入侵者逃跑。 Her office is up two flights of stairs. 她的办公室在上面两层楼梯处。 【派生词】 fly为动词，译为“飞行”。 Eg: We will fly to Paris this summer. 今天夏天我们要坐飞机去巴黎。 【即学即用】 She missed her _________ (fly) due to traffic. 答案：flight Woodwork (名词) 木工手艺 【用法讲解】 woodwork为不可数名词。 Eg: He enjoys woodwork as a hobby. 他把木工活当作爱好。 【常见搭配】 do woodwork 做木工活 Eg: He enjoys doing woodwork on weekends. 他喜欢在周末做木工活。 【派生词】 woodworker为名词，译为“木工、木匠”。 Eg: My grandfather was a skilled woodworker who made beautiful furniture. 我祖父是位手艺精湛的木匠，能制作精美的家具。 【即学即用】 The furniture showcases find ____________ (木工工艺). 答案：woodwork Inventor (名词) 发明家 【用法讲解】 inventor为可数名词，其复数形式为inventors。 Eg: Many inventors have patents for their creations. 许多发明家都拥有自己创造的专利。 【派生词】 invent为动词，译为“发明”； Invention为可数名词，译为“发明物、发明”。 Eg: He invented a new tool that can make work easier. 他发明了一种能让工作更容易的工具。 The invention of the printing press revolutionized communication. 印刷术的发明彻底改变了信息传播方式。 【常见搭配】 invent an excuse/ a story 编造借口/故事 Invent a method to ... 发明一种...的方法 Eg: He invented an excuse to leave early. 他编造一个借口想早点离开。 Scientists invented a new method to study the disease. 科学家们发明了一种研究这种疾病的新方法。 【易混辨析】 create、invent和discover区别 Create指从无到有地“创造”出本不存在的东西； invent指通过研究、实验和劳动“发明”出前所未有的产品； discover指发现过去本存在但尚未被人发现的事物。 Eg: My father created many perfect works for my family. 我爸爸为这个家创造了许多完美的工具。 Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. 爱迪生在1879年发明了电灯。 Columbus discovered America in 1492. 1492年哥伦布发现了美洲。 【即学即用】 Thomas Edison is a very famous ________ (invent). ( )2. Shakespeare ______ quite a number of wonderful characters in his plays. found B. created C. invented D. discovered 答案：1. inventor 2. B Above all 最重要的是、尤其是 Eg: Above all, honesty is the most important quality in a relationship. 最重要的是，诚实是感情中最关键的品质。 【即学即用】 最重要的是，我们必须保护环境。 ________ __________, we must protect the environment. 答案：Above all Thinker (名词) 思想家 【用法讲解】 thinker为可数名词，其复数形式为thinkers，还可译为“爱思考的人”。 Eg: Confucius was one of the greatest thinkers in ancient China. 孔子是中国古代最伟大的思想家之一。 As a deep thinker, she always questions conventional wisdom. 作为一个深度思考者，她总是质疑传统观念。 【派生词】 think为动词，译为“思考、想”； thought为名词，译为“想法、思想”。 Eg: Great leaders think deeply before making decisions. 伟大的领导者在做决定前会深入思考。 His thoughts on philosophy were published in a famous journal. 他的哲学思想发表在一本著名期刊上。 【即学即用】 This ___________ (think) theories revolutionized economics. 答案：thinker’s Period (名词) 时期、一段时间 【用法讲解】 period为可数名词，其复数形式为periods，还可译为“句号、月经周期”。 Eg: Adolescence is a difficult period for many teenagers. 青春期对许多青少年来说是艰难阶段。 Always end a sentence with a period. 句子末尾要用句号。 She tracks her period using a mobile app. 她用手机应用记录月经周期。 【常见搭配】 time period 时间段 Period of time 一段时间 Trial period 试用期 Put a period to ... 结束 Eg: This policy covers a 10-year time period. 这项政策涵盖10年的时间段。 Over a long period of time, the ruins were covered by sand. 经过很长一段时间，废墟被沙子掩埋了。 The job includes a 3- month trial period. 这份工作有3个月的试用期。 The treaty put a period to the war. 条约结束了战争。 【派生词】 periodical为名词，译为“期刊”； periodicity为名词，译为“周期性”。 Eg: She subscribed to a monthly periodical to stay updated on scientific advancements. 她订阅了一份月刊期刊，以了解科学领域的最新进展。 The periodicity of the tides is influenced by the moon’s gravitational pull. 潮汐的周期性受月球引力的影响。 【即学即用】 The Renaissance was a ___________ (时期) of great cultural change. 答案：period Kingdom (名词) 王国 【用法讲解】 kingdom为可数名词，其复数形式为kingdoms，还可译为“领域”等。 Eg: The United Kingdom consists of four countries. 联合王国由四个国家组成。 Lions belong to the animal kingdom. 狮子属于动物界。 【常见搭配】 blow someone to kingdom come 炸得粉碎 Eg: The explosion blew the old building to kingdom come. 爆炸把这栋旧楼炸得粉碎。 【派生词】 king为名词，译为“国王”。 Eg: The king ruled his kingdom with wisdom and justice. 这位国王以智慧和公正统治他的王国。 【即学即用】 This castle was the heart of the medieval ___________ (王国). 答案：kingdom Kindness (名词) 善良 【用法讲解】 kindness为不可数名词，还可译为“体贴、关怀”。 Eg: Her kindness to stray animals is well known. 她对流浪动物的善良是出了名的。 Random acts of kindness can change someone’s day. 随机的善意行为能改变他人一天的心情。 【常见搭配】 act of kindness 善行 Kindness goes a long way 善有善报 Eg: Helping the old lady was a simple act of kindness. 帮助这位老夫人是简单的善行。 【派生词】 kind为形容词，译为“善良的”。 Eg: She is always kind to stray animals. 她对流浪动物总是很友善。 【即学即用】 The story teaches us the power of ___________ (kind). 答案：kindness Whether (连词) 是否 【用法讲解】 whether为连词，译为“是否”，用来引导宾语从句时，表示对某一情况的不确定或疑问。宾语从句要用陈述语句，结构为“whether + 主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他 + (or not)”。 Eg: I don’t know whether he has arrived. 我不知道他是否已经到了。 I don’t know whether he will come or not. 我不知奥他到底来不来。 【即学即用】 ( )1. -- I’m not sure ______ my suggestion is helpful to you. -- It certainly is. Every little bit helps. why B. how C. whether D. where 答案：C Mankind (名词) 人类 【用法讲解】 mankind为不可数名词。 Eg: Mankind has made great progress in space exploration. 人类在太空探索中取得了巨大进步。 【即学即用】 ___________ (人类) has always sought to explore the unknown. 答案：Mankind 课文解析 Section A Who do we admire ? It was great of him to develop a new kind of rice and help reduce hunger. 对于他来说研发新型水稻帮助减少饥饿太伟大了。 【用法讲解】 reduce为动词，译为“减少”。 Eg: We need to reduce our expenses this month. 这个月我们需要减少开支。 【常见搭配】 reduce to... 减少到... （后接目标结果） Reduce by... 减少... （后接变化量） Reduce ... to doing sth. 被迫采取某种行为 Reduce sb./ sth. to a state 使某人/某物陷入某种状态 Eg: The staff was reduced to 50 employees. 员工数量缩减至50人。 Sales reduced by 15% last quarter. 上季度销售额减少了15%。 The drought reduced farmers to begging. 旱灾迫使农民乞讨。 The fire reduced the building to ashes. 大火将建筑物烧成灰烬。 【即学即用】 ( )1. Reduce the number of employees _________ half of the original. to B. by C. with D. of 答案：A He also played big part in reviewing the Chinese calendar at that time. 他在当时修订中国历法方面也发挥了重要作用。 【用法讲解】 play part in为动词短语，译为“在...中起作用、参与...”。 Eg: Education plays a part in reducing poverty. 教育在减少贫困中发挥作用。 She played a part in organizing the event. 她参与了活动的组织工作。 【即学即用】 她在会议组织中发挥了关键作用。 She ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ organizing the conference. 答案：played a key part in Do you have a second? 你有时间吗？ 【用法讲解】 second为可数名词，其复数形式为seconds，译为“秒”；second还可为序数词，译为“第二”；second可为形容词，译为“第二的、次要的”；second还可为副词，译为“以第二位”。 Eg: This watch is accurate to the second. 这块手表精确到秒。 She finished second in the race. 她在比赛中获得第二名。 He is the second child in his family. 他是家里的第二个孩子。 He came second in the election. 他在选举中位列第二。 【常见搭配】 second hand 二手的、秒针 Second to none 无与伦比、首屈一指 Eg: I bought this car second hand. 我买的这辆车是二手的。 Her dedication is second to none. 她的奉献精神是无与伦比的。 【知识拓展】 hour 小时； minute 分钟。 【即学即用】 There are 60 ___________ (second) in a minute. 答案：seconds Did he design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum? 他在卢浮宫设计了玻璃金字塔吗？ 【用法讲解】 glass在此处为不可数名词，译为“玻璃”；glass还可为可数名词，译为“玻璃杯”，其复数形式glasses还可译为“眼镜”。 Eg: This window is made of glass. 窗户是玻璃做的。 She filled the glass with water. 她给玻璃杯倒满了水。 He wears glasses to read. 他戴眼镜看书。 【常见搭配】 a piece of glass 一片玻璃 Glass bottle 玻璃瓶 A glass of... 一杯... Eg: Be careful! There is a piece of broken glass on the floor. 小心！地板上有一片碎玻璃。 We recycle glass bottles to protect the environment. 我们回收玻璃瓶以保护环境。 Can I have a glass of wine? 我能要一杯葡萄酒吗？ 【即学即用】 请给我一杯橙汁。 Please give me _____ ______ _______ orange juice. 答案：a glass of She is full of courage and wisdom. 她充满勇气和智慧。 【用法讲解】full为形容词，译为“满的”，也可译为“饱的”等意；其反义词为empty，译为“空的”。 Eg: The glass is full. 这个玻璃杯是满的。 I’m full. 我饱了。 【常见搭配】 be full of ... = be filled with ... 装满了... Eg: The cup is full of water. = The cup is filled with water. 杯子里装满了水。 I’m full, I can’t eat any more. 我饱了，不能再吃了。 【即学即用】 篮球运动员们在球场上精力充沛。 The basketball players _____ ______ ______ ______ on the court. 答案： are full of energy We listen to our teacher’s advice. 我们听取老师的建议。 【用法讲解】Advice为不可数名词，译为“建议”，可以用much, a little等词修饰。 【常见搭配】 a piece of advice 一条建议 Some advice 一些建议 Eg: I need some advice about how to learn English. 我需要一些关于如何学英语的建议。 【派生词】 advice的动词形式为advise，译为“建议”。 【常见搭配】advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 Eg: She advised me to go there by bus. 她建议我坐公交车去那。 【知识拓展】suggestion为可数名词，译为“建议”，可以用many, a few等词修饰。 Eg: There are many suggestions for improving the workflow. 有许多改进工作流程的建议。 【常见搭配】 make a suggestion 提出建议 Accept a suggestion 接受建议 Eg: May I make a suggestion about the schedule? 我可以对日程安排提个建议吗？ They accepted my suggestion to reduce costs. 我们接受了我消减成本的建议。 【派生词】 suggest为动词，译为“建议”。 【常见搭配】suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 Eg: I suggest going for a walk after dinner. 我建议晚饭后去散步。 注意：suggest后接that从句，从句中谓语动词用原形。 Eg: I suggest that you ask for advice. 我建议你咨询建议。 【即学即用】 ( )1. My parents gave me a lot of good _______ when I was growing up. advice B. advise C. suggestions D. suggest 答案：A Professor Gui’s childhood dream of becoming a space scientist came true through his efforts and hard work. 桂教授通过努力和勤奋实现了孩童时成为一名太空科学家的梦想。 【用法讲解】 知识点一： dream为名词，译为“梦想、梦”；dream也可为动词，译为“做梦、梦想”。 【常见搭配】 have a dream 做梦 Dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事 Dream that 从句 梦见... Eg: It’s my dream to travel around the world. 我的梦想是环游世界。 I had a dream about you last night. 我昨晚梦见你了。 He dreams a lot of strange things. 她梦想去欧洲旅行。 She dreams of visiting Paris. 她梦想去巴黎。 I dreamed that I flew like a bird. 我梦见自己像鸟一样飞翔。 知识点二： effort为可数名词，其复数形式为efforts，译为“努力、艰难的尝试”。 Eg: The team’s efforts resulted in a successful project. 团队的努力促成了一个成功的项目。 Despite his efforts, he failed the exam. 尽管努力了，他考试还是挂了。 【常见搭配】 make an effort 努力、尽力 Make every effort 尽一切努力 Spare no effort 不遗余力 In an effort to... 为了、试图 Eg: You should make an effort to be more polite. 你应该尽量更有礼貌。 She made every effort to finish the project on time. 她竭尽全力按时完成项目。 The company spared no effort to promote the new product. 公司不遗余力地推广新产品。 She studied hard in an effort to get good grades. 她努力学习以取得好成绩。 【派生词】 effortless为形容词，译为“不费力的、容易的”. Eg: He made playing the guitar look effortless. 他弹起吉他来显得轻松自如。 【即学即用】 My d________ is to be a great football player. 我们必须尽一切努力保护环境。 We must _______ ______ ______ to protect the environment. 答案：1. dream 2. make every effort Victor Hugo stood up for the common people he cared about. 维克多雨果为他所关心的普通人挺身而出。 【用法讲解】 care可作动词，译为“关心、愿意”；care也可为名词，译为“关心、照顾、忧虑”。 【常见搭配】 care for ... 喜欢、关心或照顾 Care about ... 关心、挂念 Take care of... 照顾 = look after Take care 保重 Eg: She cares for her plants like they’re her children. 她像照顾孩子一样照顾她的植物。 We should care about the environment. 我们应该关心环境。 Can you take care of my cat while I’m away? 我离开的时候你能照顾一下我的猫吗？ Take care on your way home. 你在回家的路上要保重。 【派生词】 careful为形容词，译为“小心的、仔细的、认真的”； careless为形容词，译为“粗心的” 【常见搭配】 be careful with ... 小心... Be careful in doing sth. 做某事时要小心 Be careful to do sth. 小心做某事 Eg: Please be careful with your things. 请小心保管你的东西。 Be careful in crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。 He is careful to read every sentence. 他小心翼翼地读每一个句子。 She is so careless that she didn’t pass the exam. 她如此粗心以至于没有通过考试。 【即学即用】 ( )1. He doesn’t care ______ the result of the exam. He just wants to have a good time. with B. for C. about D. at 2. Be _______ (care) when you cross the road. There are many cars. 3. 保重，祝你旅途愉快。 ________ _______ and have a good trip. 答案： 1. C 2. careful 3. Take care In order to help defeat his enemies. 为了帮忙对抗他的敌人 【用法讲解】order作名词，可译为“订单、顺序”；order作动词，也可译为“命令、订购”等。 Eg: The books are arranged in alphabetical order. 这些书按字母顺序排列。 I placed an order for a new computer. 我订购了一台新电脑。 The doctor ordered the patient to rest. 医生命令病人休息。 I ordered 500 pairs of shoes from the factory. 我向这家工厂订购了500双鞋。 【常见搭配】 Out of order 故障或不正常 In order to do sth. （=so that) 为了做某事 Eg: The printer is out of order. 这台打印机坏了。 I study hard in order to get a good job. = I study hard so that I can get a good job. 我努力学习是为了找到好工作。 【即学即用】 为了提高英语，我已经开始了英语课程。 I have started an English course ______ _______ ______ improve my English. 答案：in order to And he finally succeeded in finding the Yuezhi people. 最后他成功找到了月氏人。 【用法讲解】 succeed为动词，译为“成功、继任、接替、紧接着”。 Eg: He succeeded at his new project. 他在新项目上取得成功。 The vice president will succeed the president. 副总统将继任总统。 Night succeeds day. 夜晚紧接着白天而来。 【常见搭配】 succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 Succeed at sth. 在某种技能或学科上取得成就 Succeed to sth. 继承（地位、财产等） Succeed with sth. 在某方面获得成功 Eg: We succeeded in repairing the engine. 我们成功地修好了发送机。 He succeeded at playing the piano. 他在弹钢琴上取得了成功。 She succeeded to the throne. 她继承了王位。 He succeeded with his business plan. 他的商业计划获得了成功。 【派生词】 success为不可数名词，译为“成功、胜利、成就”； Successful为形容词，译为“成功的”； successfully为副词，译为“成功地”。 Eg: Their success is due in large part to their determination. 他们成功在很大程度上应归于他们的决心。 Lu Xun is a successful writer. 鲁迅是一个成功的作家。 They successfully communicate their knowledge to others. 他们成功地把知识传授给他人。 【即学即用】 She succeeded in __________ (pass) the exam. 答案：passing Section B What makes people admirable ? On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. 2017年9月25日，中国教授钟扬死于交通事故的消息震惊了科学界。 【用法讲解】 知识点一： die为动词，译为“死去、去世”。 【常见搭配】 die from 死于（外部原因） Die of 死于（内部原因） Die for ... 为...而死 Die out 灭绝 Die away 逐渐消失 Eg: He died from a heart attack. 他死于心脏病。 She died of cancer. 她死于癌症。 Many soldiers died for their country. 许多士兵为国捐躯。 Many species are dying out due to habitat loss. 许多物种因栖息地丧失而灭绝。 The sound of the waves died away as we waled further into the forest. 随着我们走进森林，海浪的声音逐渐消失了。 【易混辨析】 die、dead、dying、death区别 die为动词，译为“死亡”； Dead为形容词，译为“已故的、死的”； dying为形容词，译为“奄奄一息的”； death为名词，译为“死亡”。 Eg: His father died last year. 他的父亲去年去世了。 The cat is dead. 猫死了。 A dying man is lying on the street. 一个奄奄一息的人躺在街上。 His mother’s death was a great shock to him. 他母亲的去世对他是一个巨大的打击。 知识点二： accident为可数名词，译为“意外、事故”，其复数形式为accidents。 Eg: The factory had several industrial accidents last year,. 该工厂去年发生了几起工伤事故。 【常见搭配】 By accident 偶然、意外地 Traffic accident 交通事故 Eg: She found the missing keys by accident while cleaning the room. 她在打扫房间时偶然找到了丢失的钥匙。 Many traffic accidents occurred due to heavy snow. 由于大雪发生了多起交通事故。 【即学即用】 They are still grieving for their _______ (die) child. ( )2. The old man died _______ heart trouble. of B. from C. with D. by 3. 我们在机场不期而遇。 We met ______ _______ at the airport. 答案： 1. dead 2. A 3. by accident And they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. 他们确保重要的植物在世界上不会永远消失。 【用法讲解】 Sure 可为副词，译为“当然；一定；的确”；sure也可为形容词，译为“一定的；确信的；有把握的”。 【常见搭配】 Be sure + that从句 = be sure to do sth. “确信...” Be sure about sth. “对某事确信” Make sure 名词/that从句 确保、务必 Eg: I’m sure that I will pass the exam. = I’m sure to pass the exam. 我确信通过考试。 Mare sure that you join the queue inside the bank. 在银行里一定要排队。 【即学即用】 ( )1. I _____ my resolutions and I make sure I will try my best to keep them. am sure B. sure about C. am sure about D. am sure to 你一定要告诉你弟弟明天练习的事。 _______ ______ to give your brother the message about practice tomorrow. 答案：1. C 2. Make sure He was an excellent student, entering university at the early age of 15. 他是一名出色的学生，早在15岁九上大学了。 【用法讲解】 age为名词，译为“年龄、时代、时期、寿命”等；age也可为动词，译为“变老、成熟、陈化”等。 Eg: I’m 30 years of age. 我30岁了。 The Industrial Age brought about significant changes in society and technology. 工业时代给社会和技术带来了巨大变革。 The average age of cars on the road is steadily falling. 路上行驶汽车的平均使用年限稳步下降。 The death of his wife caused him to age rapidly. 他妻子的去世使他迅速变老。 Wine improves with age. 葡萄酒越陈越香。 【常见搭配】 at the age of ... 在...岁 Old age 老年 Eg: He started to learn English at the age of 6. 他六岁开始学英语。 She remained active in her old age. 她在老年时仍然很活跃。 【即学即用】 这只小狗在2岁时重2公斤。 The puppy weighed 2 kg ______ ______ ______ ______ 2. 答案： at the ages of There, he studied radio engineering and later became interested in plants. 在那，他学习无线电工程，随后对植物感兴趣。 【用法讲解】 Interested为形容词，译为“感兴趣的”，常常用来修饰人。 【派生词】 interesting为形容词，译为“使人感兴趣的”，常常用来修饰物； interest为不可数名词，译为“兴趣、利息”；interest也可作动词，译为“使感兴趣”。 Eg: He has interest in photograph. 他对摄影感兴趣。 The bank offers a high interest rate on savings. 银行提供高利率的储蓄。 The new technology interests many people. 新技术引起了很多人的兴趣。 This book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。 【常见搭配】 take an interest in ... = be interested in ... 对...感兴趣 Show interest in ... 表现出对...的兴趣 Place of interest 名胜 （复数形式places of interest） Eg: She takes an interest in history. = She is interested in history. 她对历史很感兴趣。 He showed interest in learning new languages. 他表现出学习语言的兴趣。 Don’t you think it’s a good place of interest here? 难道你不认为这里是不错的名胜吗？ 【即学即用】 ( )1. The story is _______ and all of us are ________ in it. interesting; interesting B. interesting; interested 答案： B Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China. 他们的辛勤劳动为世界提供了许多关于中国植物的新消息。 【用法讲解】 provide为动词，译为“提供、给予、规定”。 Eg: The school provides free meals for students from poor families. 学校为贫困家庭的学生提供免费餐食。 The contract provides that the work must be completed within six months. 合同规定工作必须在六个月内完成。 【常见搭配】 provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物 Provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 Eg: The school provides students with many extracurricular activities. 学校为学生提供许多课外互动。 The government provides financial aid for the poor. 政府为穷人提供经济援助。 【派生词】 provider为名词，译为“提供者、供给者”； Providing为连词，译为“假如、以...为条件”。 Eg: The government is a major provider of public services. 政府是公共服务的主要提供者。 Providing it doesn’t rain, we’ll go on a picnic. 假如不下雨，我们就去野餐。 【易混辨析】 offer与provide区别: offer通常指主动提供某物或某服务，带有一定的积极性和自愿性，与job、help等词搭配； provide则更常用于提出计划、建议或观点，与with连用。 Eg: I offered to buy her lunch, but she declined. 我提出请她吃午饭，但她拒绝了。 They will provide us with eggs. 他们为我们提供鸡蛋。 【即学即用】 ( )1. He _______ me a job, but I didn’t accept. offers B. offered C. provides D. provided 答案： B You’d better wear a mask when you go out. 你外出时最好戴口罩。 【用法讲解】 Had better译为“最好”，可缩写成“’d better”，其后接动词原形（不带to的不定式）。含有“应该做”之意，不十分客气，所以一般只用于对晚辈或平辈，不用于对长辈。 肯定式为：had better do sth. 译为“最好做某事” 否定式为：had better not do sth. 译为“最好不做某事” Eg: You’d better go to hospital at once. 你最好立即去医院。 You had better not miss the last bus. 你最好不要错过末班公交车。 【即学即用】 ( )1. I had better ________ the presentation slides. forget B. to forget C. not to forget D. not forget 答案： D Later, she worked hard to pay for her won flying lessons. 随后，她努力工作为了付自己飞行课程的学费。 【用法讲解】 pay作动词，译为“支付”，其过去式为paid，过去分词为paid；pay还可为不可数名词，译为“支付、开销” Eg: I need to pay the bill before leaving the restaurant. 离开餐厅前我需要支付账单。 He paid a high price for his mistake. 他为他的错误付出了高昂的代价。 Her monthly pay is not enough to cover her expenses. 她每月的工资不够支付她的开销。 【常见搭配】 pay for sth. 支付某物费用 Pay (sb.) 钱 for sth. 为某物支付金额 Pay back 偿还债务 pay in cash/ by card 支付方式（表示付现金或刷卡支付） Pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意（做）某事 Eg: You need to pay for the meal before leaving the restaurant. 你需要在离开餐厅前付饭钱。 I paid the shopkeeper 50 yuan for the book. 我付给店主50元买这本书。 He promised to pay back the money he borrowed from me next week. 他答应下周还我借给他的钱。 70% of customers pay by credit card in this store. 这家商店70%的顾客刷卡支付。 Please pay attention to your spelling when you write. 你写字时请注意拼写。 【派生词】 payment为名词，译为“支付、付款”。 Eg: I received a payment confirmation for my order. 我收到了订单的付款确认。 The payment for the service was made online. 服务费用已在线支付。 【即学即用】 Can I make a _________ (支付) with my credit card? 答案： pay It is said that Mozi was a soldier, good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite. 据说墨子是一名士兵，擅长木匠，是风筝的发明者。 【用法讲解】 “it is said that + 从句”译为“据说/人们说...”。 Eg: It is said that the new CEO will announce a merger next week. 据说新任CEO将于下周宣布合并事宜。 【即学即用】 据说该事故涉及三辆车。 ______ ______ ______ _______ the accident involved three vehicles. 答案：It is said that He also believed states should avoid attacking one another. 他还主张国家之间应避免相互攻击。 【用法讲解】 avoid为动词，译为“避免”。 Eg: Good leaders avoid unnecessary conflicts in teams. 优秀领导者避免团队中不必要的冲突。 She avoids spicy food because of her stomach. 她因胃病避开辛辣食物。 【常见搭配】 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 Eg: To stay healthy, avoid smoking and drinking. 为了保持健康，要避免吸烟和饮酒。 【派生词】 avoidance为名词，译为“避免、躲避”； avoidable为形容词，译为“可避免的”。 Eg: His avoidance of the topic made everyone curious. 他回避这个话题让每个人都很好奇。 This accident was avoidable if he had been more careful. 如果他更小心，这个事故是可以避免的。 【即学即用】 We should avoid _______ (waste) water. 答案：wasting 语法解析 it is + adj. (+ for/ of ...) + to do sth.句型 句式“it is + 形容词 (+for sb./of sb.) + to do sth.”译为“（对某人来说）做某事是...的”。其中it为形容主语，而真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。 注意：当形容词为形容某人的品格、特征、品质等时用for，如cheap、difficult、easy、necessary、normal、possible、interesting等; 当形容词为形容某人的品格、特征、品质等时用of，如brave、clever、foolish、generous、helpful、honest、kind、nice等。 Eg: It is difficult for me to learn English. 对我来说学英语很难。 It is kind of you to help me. 对你来说帮我太善良了。 写作 本单元写作主题为介绍“介绍鼓令你敬佩的人” 常用句型 Everyone has a hero in his heart. 每个人心中都有一个英雄。 Yuan Longping is the person who ... 袁隆平是一个...的人。 So he is called “ the father of hybrid rice”. 所以他被称为“杂交水稻之父”。 I want to be a person like him when I grow up. 我长大后想成为像他一样的人。 Heroes like stars, make the darkness light. 英雄就像星星，给黑暗带来光明。 写作思路 1. 记叙文 2. 第三人称 3. 一般过去式、一般现在时 范文 Everyone has a hero in his heart. So do I. Yuan Longping is the person who I admire most. He was born in 1940 in Beijing and dead in 2021 in Changsha. He developed a new kind of rice called “hybrid rice”. he helped people to grow it not only in China but all over the world. He solved the problem of food around the world. So he is called “ the father of hybrid rice”. His experience moved me deeply. I want to be a person like him when I grow up. Heroes like stars, make the darkness light. Yuan Longping is the most light star in my heart.