沪教牛津版（2024）八年级下册（2024）Unit 1 Helping those in needSection 2 Exploring and applying rules (Grammar)教学

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Learning bjects
Pre-reading
Pst-reading
While-reading
By the end f the lessn, I will be able t...
master the structure f infinitive verbs;
use infinitives crrectly in specific cntexts;
discver the rules and use language prperly；
understand the significance f vluntary activities.
Learning bjectives
Appreciatin f classic sentences .
What is “t be”?
I plan t dance.
t exercise.
predicate谓语
nn-predicate非谓语
t + V原= infinitive （动词）不定式
What is “nt t be”?
否定形式 nt t d
英语黄金原则：一个简单句只有一个谓语谓语是一个句子的心脏
皇后=谓语动词=时态语态
妃位=非谓语动词=其他动词
简单句：1主1谓语—— I plan t dance. 并列句：由并列连词连接—— I plan t dance and she is ging t sing.复合句：主句+从句 —— I plan t sing the sng which I just learned.
Pre-learning
Pay attentin: 从句也算句子，也可以包含主谓宾！
Explring and applying rules
Read the sentences belw. Pay attentin t the wrds in bld.Jin Ya wanted t paint a picture f the park near her hme. We encuraged them t tell stries frm their wn life.My mther and I will cntinue t visit Liu Yun in ur spare time.
The wrds in bld are “infinitives”.
Try t sum up the rules f infinitives!
While-learning
Special rules f infinitives.
Read the sentences belw and wrk ut the rules.
He saw a vlunteer help an elderly lady.She heard the singer perfrm fr the children in the next rm.Let me tell yu what I saw last night.
We als use an infinitive withut t after sme verbs:v. + bject + infinitive
Think: 部分不定式后可省略t，你能想到哪些呢？
有些动词不定式作宾语时要省略t，如: have, make, let; watch, hear, ntice, see, feel, help 等
1. He lst his key. It made him _____(stay) in the cld t wait fr his wife.2. 我让他离开了房间。
I let him leave the rm.
口诀：一“感”（feel），二“听”（hear, listen t），三 “让/使”（let, make, have），五“看”（watch, see, lk at, ntice, bserve），半“帮助”（help后可省略t, 也可带t）。
Hw d we use infinitives?
1. T talk (talk) with him is a great pleasure.2. _______ (learn) a new language is helpful.3. ________ (swim) in the sea is dangerus.
1. It is helpful t read a new bk.2. ______a great pleasure _______ with him.3. ______ dangerus ________ in the sea.
It is + adj. + t d sth.
用法1： 不定式作主语，谓语动词用____数，
有时可用it作形式主语
总结：动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用(单数 / 复数)。有时可用(it / this)作形式主语，不定式后置作(形式主语 /真正的主语 / 假主语)。
很高兴听他的演讲。 his speech is a great pleasure.= (用it作形式主语改写)
T listen t
It is a great pleasure t listen t his speech.
1. Three teenagers ffered ______ (d) sme vlunteer wrk.2. Cindy wanted _______ (paint) a picture f the park.3. We need ______( t help) the children.
chse, hpe, ffer, want, decide, learn, plan, wish, like, hate,begin, agree, help, pretend, prmise ...
用法2： 不定式作宾语
1. We taught the children______ (tell) stries.2. Mark asked the children _______ (sing).3. My parents expect me ______(g) t an ideal schl.
用法3： 不定式作宾补（ v+宾语+t d)
常接不定式作宾补的动词
warn, tell, allw, ask, rder, get, invite, wish, want, encurage…… + sb. t d sth.
1. She came _________(cllect) her bks.2. He bught flwers___________ (send) his girlfriend.3. Jack gt up early _______ (catch) the first bus.
用法4： 不定式作目的状语
4. She wre a heavy cat ______________ (keep) warm.5. She arrived early ______________ (get) a gd seat.
in rder t keep
in rder t get
Read the pster belw.Pay attentin t the wrds in bld.
I dn’t knw what t d. hw t d it / that. (去哪里) (什么时候出发) (选择哪个)
when t leave
which ne t chse
用法5：疑问词+不定式
【练一练】 1. He gave us sme advice n (如何学英语).2. I dn’t knw (什么时候开始).3. Excuse me, culd yu tell me ____________________________(书店怎么走)?
hw t learn English
when t start/begin
hw t get t the bkstre
inviting everyne t take part in
want t paint
tld me t stay
want me t take
Pst-learning
teach yu t paint
1. I saw a teenager t carry an ld lady’s bags.2. My teacher ften helps me slving maths prblems.3. She hpes her t pass the mid-term exam.4. My mum asked me t nt g anywhere tday.5. Have a bright future, we try ur best t gain knwledge.
help sb. (t) d
ask sb. nt t d
2. Answer the questins belw with infinitives. Use the infrmatin frm the psts n page 5 t help yu. P10
Why did the three teenagers ffer t d sme vluntary wrk during the schl hlidays?Why did Dng Lili g t the children’s hspital?
They did sme vluntary wrk during the schl hlidays t help thers.
Dng Lili went t the children's hspital t cheer the children up with sme fun activities.
(3) Why did Dng Lili g t the park near Jin Ya’s hme?(4) Why did Wang Jie and his mther encurage Liu Yun t share her stries?(5) Why did Ding Ling teach disabled children t sing?
Dng Lili went t the park near Jin Ya’s hme t take sme phts fr her painting.
Wang Jie and his mther encuraged Liu Yun t share her stries t help her express her feelings.
Ding Ling taught disabled children t sing t bring them jy.
Mre practice.
Sawyer prmised ______ (give) his daughter a new cmputer.Fanfan challenged me ______ (play) anther tennis game.I ften heard my neighbur ______ (play) the pian in the evening.After a ht discussin, everyne agreed ______ (stp) their wrk.Dn’t let yur parents ______ (wrry) abut yu.
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
Grammar in use.
1 Rle-play a cnversatin abut helping thers. Use at least tw different infinitive structures. Yu can use the example belw t help yu.
S1: What can we d t help children in pr areas? S2: We can dnate mney and clthes. T d that, we first need t raise sme mney. S3: Our head teacher asked us t rganize a schl fair. S4: That’s a gd way t raise mney!
3 Write a dialgue abut yur experiences helping thers r yur future vlunteering plans. Use at least three infinitives in the dialgue.
2 Talk in grups abut ding vluntary wrk. Use the questins t help yu.
The grammar we have learned
动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词 + t + d
动词 + 宾语 + (t) +d
动词不定式可以跟在一些动词之后，作这些动词的宾语
用来补充说明宾语，表示宾语的状态、特征、身份等
表示某一动作或状态的目的 (做某事是为了什么)