Unit 1 课时3 Section 2 Grammar（课件）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册（沪教版2024）

Section 2 GrammarUnit 1 Helping those in need新教材沪教版英语（八年级下）学习目标talk about my plan for voluntary activities, explain how we can help ourselves by helping othersunderstand the importance of voluntary work to society., ・01 新课导入03 应用实践06 回顾总结07 随堂小练02 学习理解04 迁移创新05 考点速递学习内容Look and say Using the structure “verbs + to +infinitives”What do they want to do?They want to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.do voluntary work Look and say Using the structure “verbs + to +infinitives”What do they plan to do?They plan to raise money to help people in need.Look and say Using the structure “verbs + to +infinitives”They offer to help the disabled people. offer What do they offer to do?Look and say Using the structure “verbs + to +infinitives”What do they decide to do?They decide to clean the park to make our city more beautiful .Look and say Using the structure “verbs + to +infinitives”What do they hope to do?They hope to hold a book fair to raise money and buy some new books for the library.InfinitivesThe infinitive is the basic form of a verb. Some verbs can be followed by to + infinitive or object + (to) + infinitive.Read the sentences below. Pay attention to the words in bold.Jin Ya wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home.We encouraged them to tell stories from their own life.My mother and I will continue to visit Liu Yun in our spare time.After certain verbs, such as see, hear, help, make and let, we usually use infinitives without to.He saw a volunteer help an elderly lady.She heard the singer perform for the children in the next room.The students helped the woman (to) find her bag.Infinitive（不定式）定义： 主要行为动词后面的动词都采用了”to+动词原形”的结构（有时可以不带to）。 （注：动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语。）用法一： 不定式作宾语是及物动词后带to的不定式，表明意图、希望或决定的内容等。我们常见的动词+ to do sth. 的结构主要是动宾结构。 通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree (同意); offer (提出); intend， plan (打算，计划); demand， ask (要求); promise (答应); help (帮忙); prepare (准备); decide (决定); refuse (拒绝);dare (敢于); choose (选择); wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要); fail ;(不能;忘记); pretend (假装); manage (设法); determine (决心)。 为了便于记忆，我们可用以下口诀: 同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。 不能做到莫假装， 设法做成决心坚。 He agreed to help us. 他同意帮助我们。 My parents offered to take us around the teahouse. 我的父母主动提出带我们去参观茶馆。 We all hope to see the great musician. 我们都希望见到那位伟大的音乐家。用法二 *动词不定式可以作宾语补足语如:Annie taught Tim to sing beautiful songs. We want them to be happy.*动词不定式常在以下动词（短语）的宾语后面作宾语补足语： advise encourage teach warn allow expect tell ask order want等。*否定形式为not + to + do如：The teacher tells us not to be late. *动词不定式在let，make，have 等使役动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to。如：I will let him go with us.我会让他跟我们一起去。I made her cry. 我把她弄哭了。Translate the following sentences into English. 杰克想让我给他带些漫画书。 卡西建议他们打车。 爷爷让我把盐递给他。 妈妈提醒我晚饭不要迟到。Jack wanted me to bring him some comic books. Cathy advised them to take a taxi. My grandpa asked me to pass him the salt.My mum reminded me not to be late for dinner.InfinitivesRead the poster below. Pay attention to the words in bold.Wash your handsWash your hands to stay clean.Wash your hands to get rid of viruses.Wash your hands to prevent the spread of diseases.Wash your hands to keep everyone healthy!不定式的用法三动词不定式可以作目的状语 如: Every Saturday, he went there to look after the patients.他每周六都去那照顾病人。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，常用短语in order to 如:We learn a language in order to communicate.我们学习语言是为了交流。特殊疑问词与不定式常连用作宾语，在功能上相当于一个宾语从句，但不能构成复合宾语。这些词为:know, decide, ask, forget, get, remember, like, learn, think, tell, want, wish, advise, show等。 I don’t know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办。 I haven’t decided how to go there. 我还没决定怎样去那里。 The map can show you where to go. 这张地图可以告诉你往哪走。拓展补充：用法四1 Dong Lili is visiting Jin Ya in the hospital. Complete their conversation with the correct form of the words in brackets.Dong Lili: Morning. Jin Ya. We're organizing a painting competition, and we are (1)_________(invite, everyone, take part in) it. Would you like to take part?Jin Ya: Yes. I’d love to! I (2)________(want, paint) a picture of the park near my home, but the doctor won’t (3__________(let. I, go) out. He(4) __________(tell, I, stay) in hospital.Dong Lili: Do you (5)____________(want, I, take) some photos for you?Jin Ya: Yes. that would be very kind of you!Dong Lili: I’ll go there this weekend to take some photos. I’ll show them to you next week and (6)_______________(teach, you. paint).Jin Ya: Thanks for your help!1 Why did the three teenagers offer to do some voluntary work during the school holidays? They offered to do some voluntary work _______ children in need.2 Why did Dong Lili go to the children's hospital? She went to the hospital ___________ a painting competition for the children there.2 Answer the questions below with infinitives. Use the information from the posts on page 5 to help you.to helpto organize 3 Why did Dong Lili go to the park near Cindy's home? She went there _______ some photos.4 Why did Wang Jie and his mother encourage Liu Yun to share her stories? They taught Liu Yun to tell stories _______ her express her feelings.5 Why did Ding Ling teach disabled children to sing? She taught them to sing _________ them joy and peace.to taketo helpto bringwantplanhope…3 Talk in groups about doing voluntary work. Use the questions to help you.What do youto do to help people in need?S1: What do you plan to do to help people in need?S2: I plan to raise money to buy books for children with no parents, and I hope to raise ¥300. What about you?S3: I wan t to help elderly people do their housework.①考向一：动词不定式构成：to do sth (do 代表动词原形)否定形式是not to do sth.②考向二：动词不定式用法 A.作宾语：choose hope offer want decide learn plan wish B.宾语补足语： advise encourage teach warn allow expect tell ask order want等。C 作目的状语③考向三：只接不定式的动词。 want hope wish would like choose offer decide learn plan pretend Organize refuse ④考向四：动词不定式的否定形式 tell sb. to do 否定为：tell sb. not to do ⑤考向五：动词不定式的省略在let，make，see，hear，watch，要省略to6 考向六：动词不定式的疑问式： Wh+不定式We have learned how to use infinitives.1. Mary came to my home___________ (teach) me English. 2. My parents haven’t decided where________ (go) during the holiday. 3. I heard the man next to my room_______ (call) me, but when I went out, there was nobody. 4. I hope________ (visit) this place again. 5. Our teacher always encourages us________ (ask) more questions. to teachcallto visitto go to ask一、用单词的适当形式填空二、选择最佳答案填空。( )1. Lucy wanted ____ an article on animals. A. write B. to write C. to writing D. writing( )2. Let your mother ____ what you have decided. A. know B. to know C. knowing D. known( )3. We must work hard ____ a better life. A. live B. living C. to living D. to live( )4. Do you know when ____ tomorrow morning? A. leave B. leaving C. to leave D. will leave( )5. Our English teacher often asks us ____ English in the morning. A. read B. reading C. to reading D. to readBADCD三、用不定式翻译下面句子（不定式分别充当不同的语法功能，请分辨）1.昨天我花2小时做作业。(作主语)It _________ me 2 hours _______ _______ my homework yesterday.2.她希望将来去美国留学（作宾语）She hopes______ _____ in America in the future.3.我的梦想是当一名老师。（作表语）My dream is _________ _________a teacher4.我爸妈不许我晚上外出（作宾语补助）My parents don’t allow ______ ____ _____ out at night.5.他来借钱。（作状语）He came _______ ______ some money. took to finish to studyto be/becomeme to go to borrow 6.你知道在哪儿买飞机票吗？（不定式疑问式） Do you know _________ _____ _______ flight tickets?7.老师提醒上课不要睡觉。（不定式否定式） The teacher warned Kate ______ _____ _____ in class.8.这喧闹的音乐使我想离开。（不定式省略）The loud music made_______ ________ to leave. me wantwhere to buy not to sleepThank you！