高考英语一轮讲义-高考高频考点非谓语动词-done（教师版)

这是一份高考英语一轮讲义-高考高频考点非谓语动词-done（教师版)，共7页。学案主要包含了命题规律，备考策略，命题预测等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. 高考真题考点分布
附其它卷区考情分析
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
分析近三年高考真题可知，对非谓语动词知识点的考查是一个重点考查方向，对非谓语动词的各种形式，结合语态考查难度在增大。
【备考策略】
1.掌握非谓语动词过去分词的用法。
2.正确使用非谓语动词过去分词。
【命题预测】
预测２０２５年高考语法填空对过去分词的考查仍未考查重点，近三年考查点主要侧重状语从句的省略。

非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
过去分词构成形式：dne
过去分词基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中不可作谓语，可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状语。
考点一 过去分词句法功能
01作定语
（2024·湖南长郡中学·高三模拟）The number pi, r π, is equal t the circumference (圆周长) f a circle______ (divide) by the circle’s diameter (直径).
02作补语
（2020全国II卷）They make great gifts and yu see them many times ___________ (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
03作表语
（2021·新高考II卷）I was s________ (excite) when he wrte back t me.
04 作状语
（2024·福建·高三模拟） (select) frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years.
05 非谓语动词解题步骤
考点二 过去分词用于省略句
01连词+过去分词
过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略be动词，如果，从句中是被动结构时，即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。
T guarantee security, children, when ( accmpany) by their parents, are allwed t enter the stadium.
02 过去分词构成独立主格结构
“名词/代词+过去分词”中，名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语，与分词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，是分词动作的承受者，在句中作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。
（2024高三·重庆模拟）A large number f paintings are cllected and displayed in the British Museum, the mst famus ne (estimate) t be wrth mre than 80 millin dllars.
典例一 过去分词作状语
（24-25高三上·福建厦门·开学考试） (absrb) in her bk, she was unaware f things happening arund. (所给词的适当形式填空)
典例二 过去分词作定语
（2022高三上·全国·专题练习）Frm the dates (mark) n the gld cin, we decided it was made five hundred years ag. (所给词的适当形式填空)
典例三 过去分词作表语
（23-24高三上·河北承德·期中）The hrses gt (panic) by the gunfire.(所给词的适当形式填空)
典例四 过去分词作补足语
（23-24高三上·河北·期末）She fund herself (stick) at hme with nly her cmputer t keep her cmpany. (所给词的适当形式填空)
典例五 独立主格
（23-24高三上·河北石家庄·开学考试） (intend) t enrich students’ schl life, ur prgram features the fun f English. (所给词的适当形式填空)
1． (expse) t freezing weather, curageus turists and scientists still chse t visit Antarctica. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．Our mnitr was sitting in the library, with her head (bury) in the bk in her hands. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
3．The wund frm the dg bite has becme (infect). (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．Whever fails t return the bks befre the deadline will have their accunts (freeze). (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．These muntains are a splendid sight when (view) frm the valley flr. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．Eurpean and American science with efficient and cheap Chinese manufacturing shuld be a pwerful . (cmbine) (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, (inspire) by The Peny Pavilin, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8． (translate) frm jing mai in Chinese, the meridians refer t paths thrugh which the life energy (flw) in the bdy and t rgans. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．An even greener alternative recently (adpt) is using drnes t trace flashy patterns in the sky. The future f firewrks, like s much else, may be rbtic. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10． (base) n what we have discussed, hw d yu feel abut this jb? (所给词的适当形式填空)
1．In the spring we plant seeds in the garden (lcate) behind ur schl.(所给词的适当形式填空)
2．Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets have started selling chicken r salad in packs (design) with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份). (所给词的适当形式填空)
３．In a typical shadw play perfrmance, puppets are held behind a screen, with light cast nt the screen 3 (create) shadwy images that tell a stry. The themes and characters 4 (feature) in shadw play perfrmances vary widely depending n the cultural cntext.
5．The Internet has als made ur lives unbelievably cnvenient, with all srts f gds and services (prvide) by electrnic cmmerce. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．We’ll have reprters there fr yu all week lng t keep yu (update) n the strm. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．It was really cld utside, but Jethr stayed indrs (wrap) in a warm blanket (毯子) and drinking ht chclate. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8． (raise)in the prest area f Glasgw, he had a lng and hard rad t becming a cmpser. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．Only in retrspect (回顾) did the value f appreciating a mvie withut judging, (accmpany) by the jy f sharing becme self-evident t me. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10． (attract) by the idea f wrking abrad, I have made up my mind t imprve my spken English. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．Large amunts f dnatins have been flding int the (affect) areas. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．Shenzhen’s first cffee­themed pst ffice pened at the Science and Technlgy Parkin Nanshan District. Pstal elements can be seen everywhere, with stamps, pstcards and cakes in the shapes f mailbxes, mail carts and an ld­style pstman bicycle (exhibit). (所给词的适当形式填空)
13． (cmpare) with thse wh are always cmplaining, peple with an active attitude t life live lnger. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
14．The fficial insists medical aid shuld be given t develping cuntries with n strings (attach). (用所给词的适当形式填空)
15．Please read yur article in a lud vice t make yurself (hear) clearly by all. (所给词的适当形式填空)
（2024·北京·高考真题）
On April 5, 2024, Jhn Tinniswd ___15___ (name) the wrld’s ldest living man. And when ___16___ (ask) abut his new title, he shared the secret: mderatin (适度). Tinniswd, ___17___ desn’t smke and rarely drinks, credited mderatin fr helping him stay healthy during his lng life. “If yu eat t much r d t much f anything, yu’re ging t suffer eventually,” he said.
（2023·北京·高考真题）
Mangrves, knwn as “red frest” in China, grw between land and sea, characterised by their cmplex rts. When 37 (see) frm afar, the mangrve frests appear mre splendid.
Mangrves can help sften waves and prtect 38 (city) frm castal winds. Fr these reasns, they are praised as “castal guardians”. Up t nw, China 39 (establish) a number f prtected areas with mangrves.
（2022·北京·高考真题）
Why d humans prefer sme smells ver thers? One thery, increasingly 37 (supprt) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy t explain hw we determine 38 smells are dangerus r nt: we learn. This has been adpted t ensure easier detectin f gas leaks. Gas naturally 39 (have) n recgnisable smell. Hwever, a strng smell is added s that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell assciated with danger.
附其它卷区高考真题
1.（2024·浙江1月卷）Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets have started selling chicken r salad in packs __________ (design) with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份).
2．（2024·新高考II卷） A statue cmmemrating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peny Pavilin, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）Shanghai may be the (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighburing canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ba’s birthplace.
4.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Frbidden City, ________ (surrund)in cncentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
5．（2023·全国乙卷）Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng t ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system f ring rads.
6.（2021·新高考II卷）I was s________ (excite) when he wrte back t me.
题型
非谓语动词-dne
语法填空
考查方向
考频
考点
2024
过去分词在状语从句中的省略
1
when ___16___ (ask)
2023
过去分词在状语从句中的省略
1
When37(see)_______________________________
2022
过去分词表被动
1
ncreasingly 37 (supprt) by experts,
考点
题型
过去分词
语法填空
2024
试卷类型
过去分词
考点
2024·新高考II卷
inspired
过去分词作定语
2024年1月浙江高考真题
designed
过去分词作定语
2023
2023·新高考Ⅰ卷
recgnized
过去分词作后置定语
2023·1月新高考浙江卷
surrunded
过去分词作定语
2023·全国乙卷
built
过去分词作定语
2023·全国甲卷
intended
去分词短语作定语
2022
2022·全国甲卷
held
过去分词作后置定语
2022·全国高考乙卷
shared
过去分词作定语
2021
2021新课标I
astnished
过去分词作宾补
2021新课标II卷
excited
过去分词作表语
2021浙江卷1月
studied
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作；
单个分词修饰名词作前置定语；分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。
场合
用法
示例
观感类
使役类
动词后
表感觉或心理状态的动词如ntice, let, make, hear, listen t, see, bserve, watch, have, feel。
表示“致使”意义的动词如have, get, keep, leave, make等后。
I’ll have my hair cut tmrrw. 明天我要理发。
with结构
1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作；
2.对比：该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作；
3.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。
She had t walk hme with her bike stlen.
自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
1.过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人的表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如：amazed（感到惊讶的）； bred（感到无聊的）；cnfused（困惑的）；delighted（开心的）；depressed（低落的）；determined（下定决心的）； disappinted（失望的）；excited（兴奋的）；embarrassed（尴尬的）；exhausted（筋疲力尽的）；frightened（令人惊骇的）；frustrated（消沉的）； interested（感兴趣的）；satisfied （满意度）；surprised（吃惊的）；mved（感动的）
The pupils will get cnfused if they learn t much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多，他们会感到困惑。
2.be+不及物动词的过去分词，一般是系表结构。如：gne消失了，不在了； fallen落下的；
knwn著名的； mistaken无解的，弄错的等。
过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系；为了强调，还可以与while, when, nce, if, unless等连词连用。
归纳
寻找到谓语，以便区分所填空是否为非谓语。
判断非谓语动词所作的成分。
找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
作主语或宾语，常用动名词表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况；
作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式；
作伴随状语、时间、方式等状语，常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，若是被动关系，用过去分词。