高考英语二轮-阅读理解细节题、词意猜测题（专项训练）（上海专用）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解细节题、词意猜测题（专项训练）（上海专用）（学生版），共29页。试卷主要包含了直接信息题，间接信息题，排序题，图文图画题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
\l "_Tc2717" 考向01 阅读理解细节题（节选）
题型01 直接信息题
题型02 间接信息题
题型03 数字计算题
题型04 排列 \l "_Tc148898656" 顺序题
题型05 图表图画题
\l "_Tc22251" 考向02 阅读理解词义猜测题（节选）
题型01 猜测单词词义题
题型02 猜测词组意思题
题型03 猜测句子意思题
题型04 猜测代词指代意思题
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
阅读理解（语篇练）
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
\l "_Tc2717" 考向01 阅读理解细节题
1．直接信息题
（2025·上海静安·二模）
And Juneau’s natural charm, with its varius scenic spts, is Juneau’s biggest drawing frce in visitrs’ eyes. The remarkable Mendenhall Glacier — rcky enugh t fascinate hikers — is just ne f Juneau’s many natural attractins. During the Mendenhall Glacier hike, yu’re persnally experiencing wild waters and sharp frested slpes. Fr hardcre hikers, its pull is hard t resist.
1．Which f the fllwing item is Juneau’s majr selling pint t visitrs?
A．Cultural backgrund.B．Develpment histry.
C．Natural attractin. D．Climate advantage.
(2023徐汇一模)
He begged his mther fr mnths fr a guitar s that he culd play Black Eyed Peas sngs t Angie, a girl he liked, but after he finally gt ne fr Christmas, he fund ut that guitars dn’t play themselves. He tk a few lessns, but the strings hurt his fingers and he didn’t like hlding the pick, s nw the five-hundred dllar guitar lives under his bed.
36. Why did Jacb stp playing the guitar?
A. It hurt his fingers.B. He’d rather play drums.
C. It was t expensive.D. He became interested in cmic bks.
2．间接信息题
（2025·上海虹口·二模）
The new ty, the size f a small suitcase, dminated the rest f the Christmas hlidays. Once we had mastered the cntrls, we recrded anything and everything: each ther, ur parents, the milkman, the dg... and we very quickly learned hw much fun we culd have with it. Fr the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react t seeing themselves in a mirrr r a phtgraph, I gt the sense f myself as a separate persn wh existed utside my head and was experienced by ther peple. It was bth exciting and embarrassing.
3．What did the recrder enable the bys t d when they started t use it?
A．Make their wn radi prgrammes.
B．Discver mre abut themselves.
C．Pursue a career in bradcasting.
D．Hear each ther mre clearly.
(2024上海奉贤二模)
One f thse ld friends, whm I had nt seen since ur high schl graduatin, reached ut recently t say he’d be near where I am, and hped we culd meet up. He’d dne the same thing abut 10 years ag, and I’d begged ff fr sme stupid reasn related t my shyness, r rather, my intrverted nature. I’m lder and a bit wiser nw, and I’ve been packing arund sme guilt ver that missed pprtunity fr 10 years, s I agreed readily.
36. The authr refused the meet-up abut 10 years ag prbably because ______.
A. he was nt a sciable man.B. he was nt clever enugh.
C. he lived far away frm his friends.D. he felt guilty abut his friends.
（2023松江一模）
I knew that my mther had been a talented pianist. I vaguely recalled dancing under the pian when she practiced fr hurs every day. Nw she culd barely play fr ur church chir because her fingers were gnarled frm s many days spent cleaning ther peple’s hmes.
57. What d yu knw abut the mther accrding t the article?
A. She regretted being a cleaning wman.
B. She quit her hbby t supprt the family.
C. She refused the daughter’s request due t the tight budget.
3．数据计算题
（2025年奉贤一模）
42. A cuple taking a 15-year-ld and a newbrn n a ONE-DAY trip in Glasgw can maximize their subway experience by paying ________.
A. £6.45B. £8.40C. £10.75D. £12.90
(2022上海徐汇二模)
S far, the wrld has relied n wd, il, cal, and natural gas t prduce energy fr heating, lighting, transprtatin, and manufacturing. Since the 1950s, wrld cnsumptin has been increasing persistently. In the year 2000, 80 percent f cmmercial energy was generated frm the cmbustin f fssil fuels, and every day, 50 millin barrels f il are reined (支配) and cnverted t gasline and ther fuels. In additin t the rapid exhaustin f fssil fuels, the cnsequences f high cnsumptin rates are pllutin and glbal warming.
64. Hw lng has the wrld been in high speed f burning fssil fuel fr energy?
A. Fr half a century.B. Fr nearly sixty years.
C. Fr ver 70 years.D. Fr mre than a century.
4．排序题
（2025·上海松江·二模）
The fllwing is an verview f the hmewnership prcess：
Step 1: ...
Step 2: ...
Step 3: ...
Step 4: ...
Step 5: Hmebuyers cmplete the paperwrk fr a mrtgage, which ends with their signature.
Step 6: Once all f the frms are signed and all f the cnstructin is cmplete, it’s time t mve in and celebrate!

3．What is the crrect rder f the fur missing steps in the prcess?
① Lcal Habitat staff and vlunteers carefully review each family’s applicatin packet and
present their recmmendatins t the lcal bard f directrs.
② There are infrmatin sessins where ptential hmewners can learn abut their
hmewnership prgram, ask questins and make cnnectins.
③ Habitat staff make a hme visit t hear mre abut a ptential future hmewner’s desire t
partner with Habitat.
④ If a family feels Habitat’s hmewnership prgram is the right fit fr them, they apply lcally during an pen applicatin perid.
A．②④③①B．②①④③C．①④③②D．①②④③
(2023·上海杨浦·一模）
A rare 765-year-ld gld cin fund n farm land in Devn in suth-west England is expected t sell fr up t half a millin punds at auctin. It is believed that the cin was made mre than 750 years ag, during the rule f the English King Henry III. It is ne f nly eight knwn t exist.
Featuring a picture f King Henry III n ne side and a crss and rses n the ther, the cin is arund 2.5 centimetres acrss. It was made with gld that came frm nrth Africa. It was fund in September last year by a detectrist (smene wh lks fr items buried undergrund using a metal detectr) in Hemyck village. The detectrist had n idea hw rare the cin was until he psted a pht f it n scial media, where it was sptted by a histry expert.
The cin is especially valuable because it was ne f England’s first gld cins. The cuntry’s cins were made f silver until King Henry III, wh ruled frm 1216 until his death in 1272, intrduced gld nes with his picture n them.
56. The crrect rder f the events that happened is .
①The value f the cin was cnfirmed.
②A cin was unearthed in the field.
③The cin was n display at the British Museum.
④The cin was intended fr sale.
⑤The cin caught the attentin f a histry expert.
A. ①③②④B. ②⑤①④
C. ②①⑤④③D. ④②①③⑤
5．图文图画题
（2025·上海嘉定·二模）
Hand Gestures
The hand gestures in hula dancing serve as a visual language, enhancing the strytelling aspect f the perfrmance by symblizing elements f nature and emtins.
·T represent RAIN, gracefully lift bth arms abve yur head, then lwer them slwly in frnt f yu while delicately mving yur fingers, imitating falling raindrps.
·Fr FLOWER, lift yur hands with yur fingertips pressed tgether, creating the shape f a blssm.
·T illustrate WIND．extend yur left hand frward while circling yur right hand abve yur head twice.
·T shw the rising SUN r MOON, begin with yur hands tgether at waist level, then mve each arm utward and upward in a smth arc (弧线) ver yur head. Finally, frm the shape f the sun r mn by bringing yur fingertips tgether.
3．The fllwing pictures shw sme hand gestures in hula dancing. Which tw f them represent FLOWER and WIND, respectively?

A．2 and 3.B．1 and4C．2 and 4.D．1 and 3.
(2024上海崇明二模)
Ygasleep Rhm+
EFFECTIVELY MASKS NOISE: The Rhm effectively cancels ut nises that may disturb r distract yu fr imprved sleep and cncentratin.
GENTLE SOUNDS: 20 different sunds including music, nature, white, pink, and brwn nise, as well as Bluetth speaker features t allw yu t play yur wn music r sunds and t make a cnference call n the rad when yu need.
CRUSH (压坏) RESISTANT: Stylish, crush-resistant travel case fits perfectly with Ygasleep Rhm white nise machines.
BATTERY OPERATED: Rechargeable thrugh USB.
61. If yu want t buy a white nise machine fr yur friend Tim, wh ften travels n business, yu need t pay _____.
A. $34.95.B. $40.03.C. $159.99.D. $149.00.
(2024上海虹口二模)
Turs starting after nn include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which csts an additinal US$ 45/persn nly.
61. Hw much des a grup f fur university students need t pay fr taking the 14:00 tur?
A. US$ 180.B. US$ 220.C. US$ 265.D. US$ 400.
\l "_Tc22251" 考向02 阅读理解词义猜测题
1．猜测单词词义
（2025·上海闵行·二模）
Pigens’ ability t reprduce year-rund leads t highly numerus pigens in the city, which is an issue fr urban wildlife managers. Althugh pigens are scially paired, they live in grups f up t 500 birds and this persistent cngregatin can cause cnsiderable cnflicts with peple.
T ease cnflicts with pigens, managers have used several methds t prevent pigen presence r reduce pigen numbers. Managers have used deadly tls such as pisns. Hwever, this apprach typically desn’t have
sustained results because the remaining pigens multiply rapidly.
2．The wrd “cngregatin” (paragraph 3) is clsest in meaning t ________.
A．intrductinB．gatheringC．reprductinD．nesting
3．Frm the sentence “this apprach typically...” in the last paragraph, we can infer that the apprach ________.
A．needs t be used repeatedlyB．is nt effective in the lng run
C．reduces pigen numbers greatlyD．wrks when pigens multiply
（2023浦东新区一模）
Redman went t great pains t hide his tree huses, building them in neglected crners f the park and camuflaging them with branches and green paint. Friends used t cme t visit him, smetimes as many as 12 peple at a time, bringing sandwiches and radis and bks and trches.
57. The bld wrd “camuflaging” in paragraph 4 is clsest in meaning t________.
A. decratingB. hidingC. equippingD. integrating
2. 猜测短语意义
（2023奉贤一模）
In 2008, I went t Ls Angeles where I tried t get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial brker. Unfrtunately, all these drs slammed in my face. The wrld’s ecnmy was in a bad state, s I knew I wuld have t d a little spinning f my wn.
37. By saying “d a little spinning f my wn” in the secnd paragraph, the authr prbably means he wuld_____________.
A. lk fr a part-time jb independentlyB. make his cntributins t the ecnmy
C. give in t the disappinting realityD. be self-emplyed t develp his career
3. 猜测句子意思
【上海市浦东新区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中联考英语试题】
■Wipe dwn the furniture with micrfiber dust wipes. Wh needs plishing spray and a rag when yu’re in a hurry! Pre-cut and flded micrfiber clths wrk great t dust furniture, a TV, bkshelves and picture frames.
■Vacuum r sweep the flr. This is an essential step, since a lt f dust and crumbs settle here. A quick run arund the rm will be effective. If yu have mre time, g fr a secnd rund.
41. What des the authr mean by saying “Wh needs plishing spray and a rag when yu’re in a hurry!” in the fifth paragraph?
A. Plishing spray and rags are intended fr specific peple.
B. Plishing spray and rags are necessities t clean the furniture.
C. Plishing spray and rags can als clean the furniture but they take lnger time.
D. Plishing spray and rags are useless if we have limited time t clean ur bedrm.
4. 猜测代词指代意思
【2024嘉定二模】
Successful wrks f writing succeed fr different reasns-a distinctive vice, mving strytelling, an empwering message, etc. Writers dn’t make the achievement randmly: they earn it by crafting every plt pint and character, every line break, with care and precisin. It’s up t yu t pay attentin t these craft elements, the chices the writer makes and hw they cntribute t the wrk as a whle.
58. What des the underlined prnun “it” refer t?
A. Care and precisin in writingB. Recgnitin f wrks as success
C. Investigatin f writing styleD. Character analysis thrugh wrds

Passage 1
【2025届上海市嘉定区交大附中附属中学高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试题】
I used t believe a packed calendar means a full life. My days were bked up, well ahead f time, fr dinners ut, exercise classes, trips t the cinema — activities that I knew t be beneficial r rewarding.
I had been determined t make wrk less central t my life: I culdn’t burn ut when I had s much else ging n, I reasned. But when the time came t fllw thrugh n my plans, I tended t find that I had been verly ptimistic — nt nly abut hw much it was pssible, but als abut my enthusiasm t d s.
As my md and energy levels cntinued t wrsen, scial ccasins increasingly felt like anther bligatin — smething I had t d, rather than smething I wanted t d. Arriving t have dinner with friends became similar t a wrk meeting; they registered the same in my calendar.
It eventually dawned n me that the act f scheduling far in advance was rbbing me f the pprtunity t enjy myself. I had made these plans frm a theretical standpint, withut allwing fr the very real pssibility that I wuld be tired, stressed r just nt in the md.
Mving t Nrwich helped me break this habit. In Nrwich, nearly everyne I knw lives within a half-hur walk f me, with plenty f wnderful cafes, pubs and restaurants in between.
Within mnths f mving, I rediscvered the jy f free-flwing. My days were necessarily emptier, because I had fewer lcal friends. In the peace and quiet, I came t better understand hw I truly liked t spend my time.
I was surprised by hw much I benefited frm spending mre time alne. I fund myself having bright ideas and interesting thughts that I suspect wuld have failed me had I carried n at breakneck pace.
My newly cleared schedule als meant that, if I finished wrk fr the day and I felt like seeing a film, I culd. I started t understand what all thse self-help bks meant abut being yur “true self”.
1．Why did the authr plan her activities well ahead f time?
A．T ensure she can balance life and wrk.
B．T reflect her time management skills.
C．T make sure her schedule is always full.
D．T avid missing ut n scial events.
2．Why did the authr cmpare dinner with friends t a wrk meeting?
A．She fund scial events a break frm wrk respnsibilities.
B．She believed the wrk meetings culd als be enjyable.
C．She saw the wrk meetings as a special frm f scial events.
D．She felt scializing as stressful as dealing with wrk tasks.
3．Hw did the mve t Nrwich affect the authr?
A．She felt lnely with fewer friends and scial events.
B．She appreciated a mre flexible apprach t life.
C．She lifted her prductivity and finished wrk sner.
D．She became busier with mre ideas and thughts.
4．What des the authr mean by being yur “true self” (last paragraph)?
A．Realizing the jy f slwing dwn the pace f life.
B．Discvering that a lnely life can als be a full life.
C．Finding happiness in fllwing a packed schedule.
D．Making a detailed plan fr persnal develpment.
Passage 2
【上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷】
On Nv. 28, the 12-year-ld German shepherd named Bear was ut fr his first lng walk fllwing surgery as a birthday treat when he ran int a missing persn in need f help in “dense undergrwth” near his walking path, accrding t a scial media pst frm the nnprfit rganizatin Thin Blue Paw Fundatin.
The nnprfit, whse missin is t supprt serving and retired plice dgs natinwide, said the lst man was “cnfused, wet, and cld, and unable t get up” when the retired plice dg came acrss him. “The man was a vulnerable missing persn fficers had been searching fr withut success,” the pst read. The man was lying in a “dark and very cld” area befre being led t safety by Bear. “RPD Bear, yu’re a true her, shwing us that even in retirement, yu can still save lives,” the rganizatin wrte. “Happy Birthday, Bear!”
The Guardian reprted that Bear was n the casual walk that led t the missing man with his wner, Julia Ppe, and “went int wrk mde” during the incident. The dg was in recvery at the time and n his first lng walk since receiving surgery t remve tw harmless tumrs tw weeks prir.
Ppe tld the utlet that Bear “dragged” her t where the missing individual was. “I’m nt sure he wuld have survived the night as it was extremely cld and almst dark at that pint with n ne else nearby,” Ppe said f the lst man she and Bear fund. The man was brught t lcal plice and reunited with his lved nes.
While he is retired frm active duty with the Sussex plice, Bear has been wrking as a wellbeing and supprt dg fr plice staff, reprted The Guardian.
He had anther surgery in the summer f 2023. The Thin Blue Paw Fundatin supprted the dg during the surgery. Thin Blue Paw Trustee Kieran Stanbridge tld The Guardian, “RPD Bear is a true her — his training and instinct kicked in, and he managed t lead his wner, wh is a frmer plice fficer, t the man wh needed urgent help.” Stanbridge cntinued, “Thanks t Bear, the man received the help he needed frm lcal fficers, even in his retirement, he’s still saving lives.”
5．Accrding t the passage, Bear ________.
A．is a retired plice dg which has just undergne an peratin
B．is a serving plice dg whse duty is t rescue the hmeless
C．is supprted by a nn-prfit rganizatin t take n sme paid jbs
D．is adpted by a frmer plice fficer t accmpany and safeguard her
6．The wrd “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 mst prbably has the same meaning as “________”.
A．cntent.B．weak.C．curageus.D．reliable.
7．Which f the fllwing can be dne by The Thin Blue Paw Fundatin accrding t the passage?
A．It helps the plice dgs thrughut the cuntry.
B．It pays fr the rescue wrk dne by plice dgs.
C．It prvides financial supprt fr dg adpters.
D．It imprves retired plice fficers’ wellbeing.
8．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．A nn-prfit rganizatin spnsrs plice dgs.
B．Bear still enjys acts f herism in his senir years.
C．A missing man was lucky enugh t be rescued.
D．Retired plice dgs’ surgery impacts their wellbeing.
Passage3
【2025届上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学高三下学期三模英语试题】
Faced with multiple transfrmatinal changes-the impact f autmatin n jb rles, remte and hybrid wrking cnditins, and increasing labr shrtages, t name a few-what can rganizatins d t thrive, nt just survive?
Crafting an upskilling strategy that prepares tday’s wrkfrce fr tmrrw’s pprtunities is a step in the right directin. Fr ideas f hw t put this int practice, we can lk t a few cmpanies that have successfully develped upskilling prgrams, including Amazn, Salesfrce, and PwC．
Amazn-Upskilling 2025
Amazn’s upskilling prgram ffers jb assistance and tuitin-free training that emplyees cmplete during their wrkday. Thrugh Upskilling 2025, emplyees can participate in a variety f pprtunities, including:
Machine Learning University (MLU): Taught by Amazn’s wn, this prgram is n track t train thusands f emplyees in machine learning skills. It requires a time cmmitment f fur t eight hurs per week, fr each six-week mdule.
A2Tech: Fulfillment center emplyees can cmplete this 90-day prgram t develp IT supprt technician skills and eventually, cmplete the A+ certificatin test.
AWS Training and Certificatin: T address the clud skills shrtage, Amazn ffers free AWS training and discunted certificatin exams. Classes are ffered in-persn and nline.
Amazn Technical Academy: Designed fr emplyees in nn-technical rles, this prgram seeks t mve emplyees int sftware engineering prfessins thrugh hybrid instructin, prject-based activities, and real-wrld applicatin.
PwC - New Wrld. New Skills.
Over the next several years, PWC plans t invest $3-billin in upskilling. As part f its “New Wrld. New Skills” initiative, the cmpany ffers in-persn, digital upskilling prgrams where participants learn hw t use tls frm autmatin t rbtics. The Virtual Digital Academy lasts frm ne t tw days and is ffered at bth standard and advanced levels.
T upskill their 50,000 emplyees, PwC als created the Digital Fitness app with training tls fr a variety f in-demand tpics such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and augmented reality. Thrugh the app, which is nw available t the public, emplyees and thers can earn micr-degrees and certificatins.Salesfrce-Trailhead
Salesfrce predicts it will create ver fur millin jbs by 2026. T prepare current and prspective emplyees t fill these rles, the cmpany invites its wrkfrce and external learners t “skill up fr the future” thrugh its digital upskilling prgram, Trailhead.
Thrugh the nline platfrm, learners can develp in-demand skills and earn credentials. T begin, participants select a career path (such as develper r data analyst) and then cmplete the “trail” fr that career. Trails include eLearning mdules and prjects that help learners upskill fr a new rle.
Alternatively, participants can create a custm “trailmix,” pulling learning cmpnents frm varius trails t frm a persnalized learning plan. Alng their learning jurneys participants earn badges and certificatins t shwcase n their resumes.
9．Based n the article, which f the fllwing best defines the term “upskilling”?
A．Replacing emplyees with autmatin tls t reduce labr csts
B．Prviding shrt-term training fr emplyees t adapt t their current rles.
C．Cultivating emplyee capabilities t meet current and future hiring needs.
D．Encuraging self-directed learning withut structured prgrams r certificatins.
10．Suppse yu recently left a nn-technical rle at a tech cmpany but haven’t made a clear career plan. Which f the fllwing upskilling prgrams wuld be mst suitable fr yu?
A．Amazn-A2TechB．Amazn-Amazn Technical Academy
C．PwC-Digital Fitness appD．Salesfrce-Trailhead
11．What can be inferred abut the practice f pening upskilling prgrams t external learners?
A．Cmpanies hpe t cultivate a talent pl and address skill gaps.
B．Training prgrams needn’t cnsider external learners’ wrking schedules.
C．Remte and hybrid wrking cnditins make large-scale training pssible.
D．Having mre participants means reducing the tuitin cst fr every trainer.
Passage 4
【上海市复兴高级中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月调研英语试题】
The infrmatin, sentences, r questins that yu enter int a Generative AI (Gen AI) tl (“prmpts”) are a big influence n the quality f utputs yu receive. After yu enter a prmpt, the AI mdel analyzes yur input and generates a respnse based n the patterns it has learned thrugh its training. Mre descriptive prmpts can imprve the quality f the utputs.
It’s very imprtant t keep in mind that AI-generated cntent can be inaccurate, misleading, entirely fabricated, r ffensive, s be sure t carefully review any wrk cntaining AI cntent befre yu use r publish it. Abuse f Gen AI is a serius frm f academic miscnduct and can be punished by expulsin (开除) frm the University.
Be specific
Generic prmpts like “Write a stry” will prduce generic results. What kind f stry d yu want? What genre? Is it fr adults r children? Adding this type f cntext and being specific, clear, and cncise will help generate mre useful utputs. Mre specificity can als limit the chances f inaccurate respnses.
“Act as if…”
Asking the AI t behave as if were a type f persn, prcess, r bject can be an easy way t start generating better prmpts. The AI will attempt t emulate that rle and tailr its answers accrdingly.
Fr example, imagine yu wanted help create a recipe based n the ingredients yu have in yur kitchen. If yu added “act as if yu are my persnal trainer” first, the AI will cnsider this cntext in its respnse, suggesting a healthy recipe r a meal designed t refuel after a wrkut.
____________________
Generative AI can prduce many different types f utputs, including cde, stries, reprts, summaries, dialgue, business cmmunicatins, and much mre. Being specific abut the type f utput yu want will prduce better results. After describing what yu want, try adding “Present this in the frm f…” and yur preferred utput. Or start yur prmpt with, “Create a [frmat f utput] abut/that cntains…” etc.
12．This passage is fund in a university’s guideline webpage. What may NOT be fund there?
A．Cre principles fr respnsible Gen AI use.
B．Restrictins n the usage f Gen AI.
C．Varius samples f well-structured prmpts.
D．Guides t writing essays with Gen AI.
13．Which f the fllwing subtitles can be filled in blank?
A．Cnsider tne and audience
B．Tell it hw yu want yur utput t be presented
C．Ask it t create yur prmpts r what else it needs frm yu
D．Crrect mistakes and give feedback
14．Suppse yu’re the leader f the schl basketball team. Yu are ging t deliver a speech abut the imprtance f sprts thrugh sharing yur persnal experience. Which f the fllwing prmpts is the mst prper when using Gen AI?
A．Cmpse a mtivatinal basketball team speech sharing persnal jurney and advcating exercise.
B．Write an article abut the essence f basketball, citing several stries f famus stars.
C．Discuss advantages f ding sprts, specifically basketball, with reference t literature.
D．Make up a stry abut ne’s experience in basketball, shwing the imprtance f sprts.
Passage 5
【2025届上海市七宝中学高三下学期5月测试英语试题】
The Pwer f Habit
We like t think we’re in cntrl f ur chices, but the truth is, nearly half f what we d each day unflds withut cnscius thught. That first sip f cffee in the mrning, the way we instinctively reach fr ur phnes during dwntime, even the rutes we take t wrk—all f these fllw invisible scripts written by habit. In The Pwer f Habit, Charles Duhigg masterfully uncvers the invisible patterns that shape ur lives, blending cutting-edge science with impressive stries that resnate with yung readers seeking self-imprvement.
At the cre f habit frmatin lies a simple but pwerful habit lp: —a simple yet prfund three-step cycle: cue prmpts rutine, which delivers reward. This neurlgical blueprint explains why stress sends us straight t the snack cupbard r why bredm leads t mindless scrlling. But nce we recgnize the lp, we can rewrite it. Duhigg makes this science tangible(有形的) thrugh vivid examples: hw call centers train new emplyees t handle angry custmers by rewiring their instinctive reactins int calm, slutin-fcused respnses, r hw Olympic swimmers like Michael Phelps use ritualized warm-ups t enter peak perfrmance states. The same principle applies t everyday life. Small, deliberate adjustments—like exchanging scial media fr a shrt walk during breaks —can reprgram autpilt behavirs ver time.
The wrk systematically explres the phenmenn f “keystne habits ”—small changes that create ripple effects. Smene wh starts exercising regularly might, withut even trying, eat healthier r sleep better. A student wh cmmits t rganizing their study space may find their fcus sharpening in ther areas, t. S there is n need t change everything all at nce. Identify ne habit, nurture it, and let the rest fllw.
Habits dn’t just shape individuals—they drive cmmunities and mvements. Cnsider hw scial change happens. Often, it’s nt just abut big speeches r dramatic mments; it’s abut repeated, cllective actins that becme secnd nature. When a grup f peple cnsistently shws up, speaks ut, r supprts a cause, thse repeated behavirs, sustained ver time, have the pwer t redefine cultures.
Of curse, recnditining deeply rted habits—like prcrastinatin r unhealthy cping mechanisms—isn’t as simple as pressing a switch. Knwledge alne isn’t enugh; it takes practice, supprt, and smetimes even prfessinal guidance. What wrks is replacing rather than resisting: substituting the unhealthy reward fr a healthier ne, r anchring a new rutine t an existing cue; in this way we stp being prisners f rutine and start becming its authrs. The prcess is gradual, but the payff cmes when yu feel equipped t rewrite yur wn life scripts.
15．The term “autpilt behavirs” in paragraph 2 prbably refers t __________.
A．temprary impulsive reactin.
B．mindless habitual actin.
C．cnscius vluntary ptins.
D．randm instinctive respnses.
16．Which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A．Habit lps prgresses in a circle: cue, reward and rutine.
B．Phelps is mentined t argue that willpwer serves as the driver f habit change.
C．The bk suggests that knwledge is irrelevant t habit changes.
D．Scial transfrmatin emerges thrugh sustained repetitin f cllective habits.
17．Which f these habits is a keystne habit?
A．Emma checks scial media first thing, which smetimes makes her late fr class but keeps her updated.
B．Tm prepares his schl utfit the night befre, and finds mrnings less stressful with mre time fr breakfast.
C．Sphia watches TV during dinner, ften finishing meals faster than when eating mindfully.
D．Nah rganizes his desk every Friday, thugh it desn’t affect his weekly prductivity.
18．The primary purpse f this passage is t __________.
A．discuss hw t minimize the influence f habits.
B．analyze hw habits cme int being.
C．intrduce and recmmend a bk n habit science.
D．instruct feasible habit-training methds.

（2018年1月·上海高考试题）
(A)
We Have a Painter t Thank fr Yellwstne
Befre artist Thmas Mran set ft in the park, it was seen as a hellish place. After, it was marketed as a wnderland.
Befre Thmas Mran arrived, Yellwstne in the ppular imaginatin was a harsh, wild place pcked with hellish geysers. After the painter’s wrk was finished, Yellwstne was established as a natinal park and marketed as a wnderland.
In 1871 Mran and phtgrapher William Henry Jacksn had jined the first U.S. gvernment survey f the regin. Fr tw weeks Mran filled a sketchbk with the landscape’s mst stunning sights. The survey results, Jacksn’s phts, and Mran’s waterclrs—the first clr renderings f the area—were presented t Cngress that fall. “The phtgraphs were prf that what the artist was shwing really existed,” says Eleanr Harvey, senir curatr at the Smithsnian American Art Museum.
In March 1872 lawmakers fficially made Yellwstne a natinal park, the wrld’s first. By April, Mran had transfrmed sme f his sketches int a 7-by-12-ft painting. The gld-splattered valley and billwing Lwer Falls f “The Grand Canyn f the Yellwstne” captivated the public. “It is t grand and wnderful fr wrds,” declared the Ladies’ Repsitry that August, “and nne can ever judge f its wnders frm any engraving r phtgraph in mere black and white.”
Thugh Mran later painted Lake Superir, the Grand Canyn, and the Rckies, his reputatin was s intertwined with Yellwstne that he tk t signing his paintings “TYM,” fr Thmas “Yellwstne” Mran.
（）
56. What can we knw abut Yellwstne accrding t the passage?
A. It was a ppular park with geysers befre Thmas Mran finished transfrmatin.
B. It was an imaginatin f a harsh and wild place.
C. I became a natinal park with the effrts f Mran and Jacksn
D. is an attractive grand valley.
57.What des the " pcked" mean in the first sentence ( paragraph 2 ) ?
A.Packed.B.Dtted.C.BlckedD.Stuck.
58. What are the characteristics f Thmas Mran's paintings abut Yellwstne Park?
A.Paying attentin t clr rendering f paintings.
B.His magnificent and wnderful paintings.
C. His reputatin clsely linked t Yellwstne Park
D.His paintings with nthing special.
59.What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A.The Significance f Thmas Mran's paintings t Yellwstne Park
B. Hw Yellwstne Park is established as a Natinal Park.
C.The Great Painter-Thmas Mran.
D. The prcess f Yellwstne Park being labelled as a fairyland.
(B)
Why UPS Trucks (Almst) Never Turn Left
By favring right-hand turns at all times--unless a left is unavidable-the carrier saves millins f gallns f fuel each year, and avids emissins equivalent t ver 20 ,000 passenger cars.
The practice started decades ag, befre cmputers and GPS, and is nw managed by asftware that cnjures the mst efficient rute fr each truck.
What's wrng with turning left?
Left-hand turns are generally cnsidered unsafe and wasteful n right-hand driving rads, such as thse in the US.
A study n crash factrs in intersectin-related accidents frm the US Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Assciatin shws that turning left is ne f the leading "critical pre-crash events" (an event that made a cllisin inevitable), ccurring in 22.2 percent f crashes, as ppsed t 1.2 percent fr right turns. Abut 61 percent f crashes that ccur while turning r crssing an intersectin invlve left turns, as ppsed t just 3.1 percent invlving right turns.
Left turns are als three times mre likely t kill pedestrians than right nes, accrding t data cllected by New Yrk City's transprtatin planners.
"A left-hand turn is als less fuel efficient," said Jack Levis, UPS Senir Directr f Prcess Management, "because yur car's idling lnger, which is als nt gd fr yur vehicle."
UPS des nt ban left turns utright, says Levis: "We will make left hand turns, but nt nes that are unnecessary. We dn't need t g in circles all day lng by making nly right hand turns. We have tls analyze the number f left hand turns fr each rute, and we can wrk ut which nes are avidable."
The rule, says Levis, can als be applied t left-hand driving cuntries, such as Australia and the UK, where it discurages right-hand turns and the prcedure is nw incrprated in mst cuntries arund the wrld.
（）
60. Hw much resurces can UPS trucks save by aviding turning left?
A.UPS trucks will cnsume millins f gallns f fuel.
B. The emissin f UPS trucks is equivalent t that f ver 2000 passenger cars.
C.UPS trucks estimate t save 100 000 metrie tns f CO, emissin a year.
D. UPS trucks estimate an increase f 6 t 8 miles per rute.
6l. In Tm Vanderbilt's View, hw t Deal with the Left Turn Prblem in the United States?
A. Install a dedicated left turn phase.
B.Traffic planners manage rad cnditins.
C.Operatrs make their wn traffic maps.
D.Natinal plicy encurages left turn f vehicles.
62. Which f the fllwing ptins is NOT TRUE accrding t the passage?
A.It's unsafe t turn left n right-hand driving rads.
B.Turning left is resurce-efficient n right-hand driving rads.
C.Left turning is likely t cause traffic accidents.
D. Left-turn is discuraged in all cuntries.
(C)
Why data is the new cal
“Is data the new il?” asked prpnents f big data back in 2012 in Frbes magazine. By 2016, and the rise f big data’s turb-pwered cusin deep learning, we had becme mre certain: “Data is the new il,” stated Frtune.
Amazn’s Neil Lawrence has a slightly different analgy: Data, he says, is cal. Nt cal tday, thugh, but cal in the early days f the 18th century, when Thmas Newcmen invented the steam engine. A Devnian irnmnger, Newcmen built his device t pump water ut f the suth west’s prlific tin mines.
The prblem, as Lawrence tld the Re-Wrk cnference n Deep Learning in Lndn, was that the pump was rather mre useful t thse wh had a lt f cal than thse wh didn’t: it was gd, but nt gd enugh t buy cal in t run it. That was s true that the first f Newcmen’s steam engines wasn’t built in a tin mine, but in cal wrks near Dudley.
S why is data cal? The prblem is similar: there are a lt f Newcmens in the wrld f deep learning. Startups like Lndn’s Magic Pny and SwiftKey are cming up with revlutinary new ways t train machines t d impressive feats f cgnitin, frm recnstructing facial data frm grainy images t learning the writing style f an individual user t better predict which wrd they are ging t type in a sentence.
And yet, like Newcmen, their innvatins are s much mre useful t the peple wh actually have cpius amunts f raw material t wrk frm. And s Magic Pny is acquired by Twitter, SwiftKey is acquired by Micrsft – and Lawrence himself gets hired by Amazn frm the University f Sheffield, where he was based until three weeks ag.
But there is a cda t the stry: 69 years later, James Watt made a nice tweak t the Newcmen steam engine, adding a cndenser t the design. That change, Lawrence said, “made the steam engine much mre efficient, and that’s what triggered the industrial revlutin”.
Whether data is il r cal, then, there’s anther way the analgy hlds up: a lt f wrk is ging int trying t make sure we can d mre, with less. It’s nt as impressive as teaching a cmputer t play G r Pac-Man better than any human alive, but “data efficiency” is a crucial step if deep learning is ging t mve away frm simply gbbling up dles f data and spitting ut the best crrelatins pssible.
“If yu lk at all the areas where deep learning is successful, they’re all areas where there’s lts f data,” pints ut Lawrence. That’s great if yu want t categrise images f cats, but less helpful if yu want t use deep learning t diagnse rare illnesses. “It’s generally cnsidered unethical t frce peple t becme sick in rder t acquire data.”
（）
Accrding t the passage, why data is seen as the new cal?
A. It can drive the steam engine t pump water
B.It can help peple make mre cals.
C. It can help the areas f deep learning
D. It can help cure diagnse rare illnesses.
64. Accrding t Lawrence , why big data is less helpful t diagnse rare illnesses?
A. Because there is n such demand.
B. Because it can nly use t categrize images f cats.
C. Because it's unethical t acquire data by frcing peple t becme sick.
D. Because it needs t much data.
65. Which areas are mst likely t be successful in in-depth learning?
A.Sme small start-ups.
B.Areas with large amunts f data.
C.Cal and Petrleum Develpment Field
D.Areas fr tackling rare diseases
66. Accrding t the cntent f the article, which is NOT TRUE abut the big data?
A. We still have a lt f wrk t study the big data.
B. It requires cuntless data t be cllected.
C. The purpse f studying big data is t save parents’ csts
D. “Data efficiency” is a critical step t explre mre data.
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