高考英语二轮-阅读理解细节题、词意猜测题（专项训练）（上海专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解细节题、词意猜测题（专项训练）（上海专用）（教师版），共40页。试卷主要包含了直接信息题，间接信息题，排序题，图文图画题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
\l "_Tc2717" 考向01 阅读理解细节题（节选）
题型01 直接信息题
题型02 间接信息题
题型03 数字计算题
题型04 排列 \l "_Tc148898656" 顺序题
题型05 图表图画题
\l "_Tc22251" 考向02 阅读理解词义猜测题（节选）
题型01 猜测单词词义题
题型02 猜测词组意思题
题型03 猜测句子意思题
题型04 猜测代词指代意思题
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
阅读理解（语篇练）
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
\l "_Tc2717" 考向01 阅读理解细节题
1．直接信息题
（2025·上海静安·二模）
And Juneau’s natural charm, with its varius scenic spts, is Juneau’s biggest drawing frce in visitrs’ eyes. The remarkable Mendenhall Glacier — rcky enugh t fascinate hikers — is just ne f Juneau’s many natural attractins. During the Mendenhall Glacier hike, yu’re persnally experiencing wild waters and sharp frested slpes. Fr hardcre hikers, its pull is hard t resist.
1．Which f the fllwing item is Juneau’s majr selling pint t visitrs?
A．Cultural backgrund.B．Develpment histry.
C．Natural attractin. D．Climate advantage.
【答案】1．C
1．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“And Juneau’s natural charm, with its varius scenic spts, is Juneau’s biggest drawing frce in visitrs’ eyes.(而朱诺的自然魅力，及其众多风景名胜，是游客眼中朱诺最大的吸引力所在。)”可知，自然景观是朱诺的主要卖点。故选C项。
(2023徐汇一模)
He begged his mther fr mnths fr a guitar s that he culd play Black Eyed Peas sngs t Angie, a girl he liked, but after he finally gt ne fr Christmas, he fund ut that guitars dn’t play themselves. He tk a few lessns, but the strings hurt his fingers and he didn’t like hlding the pick, s nw the five-hundred dllar guitar lives under his bed.
36. Why did Jacb stp playing the guitar?
A. It hurt his fingers.B. He’d rather play drums.
C. It was t expensive.D. He became interested in cmic bks.
【答案】36. A
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He tk a few lessns, but the strings hurt his fingers and he didn’t like hlding the pick, s nw the five-hundred dllar guitar lives under his bed.(他上了几节课，但琴弦伤了他的手指，他不喜欢拿着拨片，所以现在这把价值500美元的吉他放在他的床底下。)”可知，雅各布学吉他时琴弦伤了他的手指，所以他放弃学吉他了。故选A。
2．间接信息题
（2025·上海虹口·二模）
The new ty, the size f a small suitcase, dminated the rest f the Christmas hlidays. Once we had mastered the cntrls, we recrded anything and everything: each ther, ur parents, the milkman, the dg... and we very quickly learned hw much fun we culd have with it. Fr the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react t seeing themselves in a mirrr r a phtgraph, I gt the sense f myself as a separate persn wh existed utside my head and was experienced by ther peple. It was bth exciting and embarrassing.
3．What did the recrder enable the bys t d when they started t use it?
A．Make their wn radi prgrammes.
B．Discver mre abut themselves.
C．Pursue a career in bradcasting.
D．Hear each ther mre clearly.
【答案】 3．B
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Fr the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react t seeing themselves in a mirrr r a phtgraph, I gt the sense f myself as a separate persn wh existed utside my head and was experienced by ther peple.(第一次，就像一个有视力的孩子看到自己在镜子或照片中的反应一样，我意识到自己是一个独立的人，存在于我的头脑之外，被其他人所体验。)”可知，录音机使作者更多地了解了自己。故选B项。
(2024上海奉贤二模)
One f thse ld friends, whm I had nt seen since ur high schl graduatin, reached ut recently t say he’d be near where I am, and hped we culd meet up. He’d dne the same thing abut 10 years ag, and I’d begged ff fr sme stupid reasn related t my shyness, r rather, my intrverted nature. I’m lder and a bit wiser nw, and I’ve been packing arund sme guilt ver that missed pprtunity fr 10 years, s I agreed readily.
36. The authr refused the meet-up abut 10 years ag prbably because ______.
A. he was nt a sciable man.B. he was nt clever enugh.
C. he lived far away frm his friends.D. he felt guilty abut his friends.
【答案】36. A
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He’d dne the same thing abut 10 years ag, and I’d begged ff fr sme stupid reasn related t my shyness, r rather, my intrverted nature.(大约10年前，他也做过同样的事情，而我因为一些愚蠢的原因拒绝那次见面，这些原因与我的害羞有关，或者更确切地说，与我内向的天性有关)”可知，大约10年前，作者拒绝了这次会面，可能是因为他不是一个善于交际的人。故选A项。
（2023松江一模）
I knew that my mther had been a talented pianist. I vaguely recalled dancing under the pian when she practiced fr hurs every day. Nw she culd barely play fr ur church chir because her fingers were gnarled frm s many days spent cleaning ther peple’s hmes.
57. What d yu knw abut the mther accrding t the article?
A. She regretted being a cleaning wman.
B. She quit her hbby t supprt the family.
C. She refused the daughter’s request due t the tight budget.
【答案】 57. B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“I knew that my mther had been a talented pianist. I vaguely recalled dancing under the pian when she practiced fr hurs every day. Nw she culd barely play fr ur church chir because her fingers were gnarled frm s many days spent cleaning ther peple’s hmes.(我知道我的母亲是一位有天赋的钢琴家。我依稀记得她每天练习几个小时，而我随着曲子跳舞。现在她几乎不能为我们教堂的唱诗班演奏了，因为她的手指因为长时间打扫别人的房子而变得粗糙)”可知，作者的妈妈为了养家糊口而放弃了自己的爱好。故选B。
3．数据计算题
（2025年奉贤一模）
42. A cuple taking a 15-year-ld and a newbrn n a ONE-DAY trip in Glasgw can maximize their subway experience by paying ________.
A. £6.45B. £8.40C. £10.75D. £12.90
【答案】
42. C
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Subway tickets”下面的内容“All day*”行和“Adult”“Child**”列对应的“£4.30”“£2.15”，以及右侧说明“* unlimited travel fr ne day(*一天无限制出行)”“** Applies t children under 16 years ld.(**适用于16岁以下的儿童。)”“Children under five travel fr free if accmpanied by a fare paying adult.(5岁以下儿
童可免费旅行由一名付费成人陪同。)”可知，一天无限制出行时，单个成人票价为4.30英镑，单个儿童票价为2.15英镑，儿童票价适用于16岁以下儿童，但5岁以下儿童由成人陪同时可免票，由此可知，一对夫妇带一个15岁的孩子和一个新生儿，选择一天无限制出行时，应付款：4.30×2+2.15=10.75英镑。故选C。
(2022上海徐汇二模)
S far, the wrld has relied n wd, il, cal, and natural gas t prduce energy fr heating, lighting, transprtatin, and manufacturing. Since the 1950s, wrld cnsumptin has been increasing persistently. In the year 2000, 80 percent f cmmercial energy was generated frm the cmbustin f fssil fuels, and every day, 50 millin barrels f il are reined (支配) and cnverted t gasline and ther fuels. In additin t the rapid exhaustin f fssil fuels, the cnsequences f high cnsumptin rates are pllutin and glbal warming.
64. Hw lng has the wrld been in high speed f burning fssil fuel fr energy?
A. Fr half a century.B. Fr nearly sixty years.
C. Fr ver 70 years.D. Fr mre than a century.
【答案】 64. C
【解析】
细节理解题。根据该段“S far, the wrld has relied n wd, il, cal, and natural gas t prduce energy fr heating, lighting, transprtatin, and manufacturing. Since the 1950s, wrld cnsumptin has been increasing persistently. In the year 2000, 80 percent f cmmercial energy was generated frm the cmbustin f fssil fuels, ... (到目前为止，世界依靠木材、石油、煤炭和天然气来生产用于取暖、照明、运输和制造业的能源。 20世纪50年代以来，世界消费持续增长。2000年，80%的商业能源来自化石燃料的燃烧，…)”可知，fssil fuels((煤、石油、天燃气等矿物燃料)自 20世纪50年代以来被高速消耗，至今应有70多年了。故选C项。
4．排序题
（2025·上海松江·二模）
The fllwing is an verview f the hmewnership prcess：
Step 1: ...
Step 2: ...
Step 3: ...
Step 4: ...
Step 5: Hmebuyers cmplete the paperwrk fr a mrtgage, which ends with their signature.
Step 6: Once all f the frms are signed and all f the cnstructin is cmplete, it’s time t mve in and celebrate!

3．What is the crrect rder f the fur missing steps in the prcess?
① Lcal Habitat staff and vlunteers carefully review each family’s applicatin packet and
present their recmmendatins t the lcal bard f directrs.
② There are infrmatin sessins where ptential hmewners can learn abut their
hmewnership prgram, ask questins and make cnnectins.
③ Habitat staff make a hme visit t hear mre abut a ptential future hmewner’s desire t
partner with Habitat.
④ If a family feels Habitat’s hmewnership prgram is the right fit fr them, they apply lcally during an pen applicatin perid.
A．②④③①B．②①④③C．①④③②D．①②④③
【答案】3．A
3．细节理解题。根据图片可知首先应该是有信息发布会，让潜在购房者了解项目，所以②“有信息会议，潜在的房主可以了解他们的房屋所有权计划，提出问题并建立联系。”应为第一步；根据图片可知如果家庭觉得合适，就在开放申请期申请，所以④“如果一个家庭觉得Habitat的房屋所有权计划适合他们，他们可以在公开申请期间在当地申请。”应为第二步；根据图片可知接着Habitat工作人员会家访，所以③“Habitat的工作人员进行家访，以更多地了解潜在的未来房主与Habitat合作的愿望。”应是第三步；根据图片可知最后工作人员和志愿者审核申请并提交给董事会，所以①“当地Habitat的工作人员和志愿者仔细审查每个家庭的申请材料，并向当地董事会提交他们的建议。”应是第四步，故选A。
(2023·上海杨浦·一模）
A rare 765-year-ld gld cin fund n farm land in Devn in suth-west England is expected t sell fr up t half a millin punds at auctin. It is believed that the cin was made mre than 750 years ag, during the rule f the English King Henry III. It is ne f nly eight knwn t exist.
Featuring a picture f King Henry III n ne side and a crss and rses n the ther, the cin is arund 2.5 centimetres acrss. It was made with gld that came frm nrth Africa. It was fund in September last year by a detectrist (smene wh lks fr items buried undergrund using a metal detectr) in Hemyck village. The detectrist had n idea hw rare the cin was until he psted a pht f it n scial media, where it was sptted by a histry expert.
The cin is especially valuable because it was ne f England’s first gld cins. The cuntry’s cins were made f silver until King Henry III, wh ruled frm 1216 until his death in 1272, intrduced gld nes with his picture n them.
56. The crrect rder f the events that happened is .
①The value f the cin was cnfirmed.
②A cin was unearthed in the field.
③The cin was n display at the British Museum.
④The cin was intended fr sale.
⑤The cin caught the attentin f a histry expert.
A. ①③②④B. ②⑤①④
C. ②①⑤④③D. ④②①③⑤
【答案】56. B
细节理解题。根据第一段中“A rare 765-year-ld gld cin fund n farm land in Devn in suth-west England is expected t sell fr up t half a millin punds at auctin. (在英格兰西南部德文郡的农田里发现的一枚有765年历史的罕见金币，预计将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。)”；第二段中“The detectrist had n idea hw rare the cin was until he psted a pht f it n scial media, where it was sptted by a histry expert.(这位侦探不知道这枚硬币有多罕见，直到他在社交媒体上发布了一张它的照片，被一位历史专家发现。)”以及倒数第二段中“The cin is especially valuable because it was ne f England’s first gld cins. (这枚硬币特别珍贵，因为它是英国最早的金币之一。)”可知，正确顺序为该金币被发现，侦探将该硬币的图片放到网上，受到历史学家的关注，历史学家确认了该枚硬币的价值，它是英国最早的金币之一，该没金币当前将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。。故选B。
5．图文图画题
（2025·上海嘉定·二模）
Hand Gestures
The hand gestures in hula dancing serve as a visual language, enhancing the strytelling aspect f the perfrmance by symblizing elements f nature and emtins.
·T represent RAIN, gracefully lift bth arms abve yur head, then lwer them slwly in frnt f yu while delicately mving yur fingers, imitating falling raindrps.
·Fr FLOWER, lift yur hands with yur fingertips pressed tgether, creating the shape f a blssm.
·T illustrate WIND．extend yur left hand frward while circling yur right hand abve yur head twice.
·T shw the rising SUN r MOON, begin with yur hands tgether at waist level, then mve each arm utward and upward in a smth arc (弧线) ver yur head. Finally, frm the shape f the sun r mn by bringing yur fingertips tgether.
3．The fllwing pictures shw sme hand gestures in hula dancing. Which tw f them represent FLOWER and WIND, respectively?

A．2 and 3.B．1 and4C．2 and 4.D．1 and 3.
【答案】
3．D
3．细节理解题。根据Hand Gestures部分“Fr FLOWER, lift yur hands with yur fingertips pressed tgether, creating the shape f a blssm.(对于‘花’，抬起你的手，使指尖压在一起，形成一朵花的形状)”可知，图片1中指尖压在一起形成花的形状，符合“花”的手势；“T illustrate WIND, extend yur left hand frward while circling yur right hand abve yur head twice.(为了表现‘风’，伸出你的左手向前，同时右手在头顶上方绕圈两次)”可知，图片3中左手向前伸出，右手在头顶绕圈，符合“风”的手势。所以代表“花”和“风”的手势分别是图片1和图片3。故选D。
(2024上海崇明二模)
Ygasleep Rhm+
EFFECTIVELY MASKS NOISE: The Rhm effectively cancels ut nises that may disturb r distract yu fr imprved sleep and cncentratin.
GENTLE SOUNDS: 20 different sunds including music, nature, white, pink, and brwn nise, as well as Bluetth speaker features t allw yu t play yur wn music r sunds and t make a cnference call n the rad when yu need.
CRUSH (压坏) RESISTANT: Stylish, crush-resistant travel case fits perfectly with Ygasleep Rhm white nise machines.
BATTERY OPERATED: Rechargeable thrugh USB.
61. If yu want t buy a white nise machine fr yur friend Tim, wh ften travels n business, yu need t pay _____.
A. $34.95.B. $40.03.C. $159.99.D. $149.00.
【答案】61. B
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ygasleep Rhm+中“GENTLE SOUNDS: 20 different sunds including music, nature, white, pink, and brwn nise, as well as Bluetth speaker features t allw yu t play yur wn music r sunds and t make a cnference call n the rad when yu need.(柔和的声音：20种不同的声音，包括音乐，自然，白色，粉红色和棕色的噪音，以及蓝牙扬声器功能，让你播放自己的音乐或声音，并在你需要的时候在路上召开电话会议)”可知，此款适合经常出差的朋友，以及其价格是$40.03。由此可知，如果你想给经常出差的朋友Tim买一台白噪音机，你需要支付40.03美元。故选B项。
(2024上海虹口二模)
Turs starting after nn include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which csts an additinal US$ 45/persn nly.
61. Hw much des a grup f fur university students need t pay fr taking the 14:00 tur?
A. US$ 180.B. US$ 220.C. US$ 265.D. US$ 400.
【答案】 61. D
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Select time中US$ 55并结合最后一段“Turs starting after nn include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which csts an additinal US$ 45/persn nly.(中午之后开始的旅游包括有糖果和水果的烧烤晚餐，每人只需额外支付45美元)”可知，下午2点的旅程要每个人另外加45美元，即，一共需要花费
（55+45）*4=400美元。故选D。
\l "_Tc22251" 考向02 阅读理解词义猜测题
1．猜测单词词义
（2025·上海闵行·二模）
Pigens’ ability t reprduce year-rund leads t highly numerus pigens in the city, which is an issue fr urban wildlife managers. Althugh pigens are scially paired, they live in grups f up t 500 birds and this persistent cngregatin can cause cnsiderable cnflicts with peple.
T ease cnflicts with pigens, managers have used several methds t prevent pigen presence r reduce pigen numbers. Managers have used deadly tls such as pisns. Hwever, this apprach typically desn’t have
sustained results because the remaining pigens multiply rapidly.
2．The wrd “cngregatin” (paragraph 3) is clsest in meaning t ________.
A．intrductinB．gatheringC．reprductinD．nesting
3．Frm the sentence “this apprach typically...” in the last paragraph, we can infer that the apprach ________.
A．needs t be used repeatedlyB．is nt effective in the lng run
C．reduces pigen numbers greatlyD．wrks when pigens multiply
【答案】
2．B 3．B
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Pigens’ ability t reprduce year-rund leads t highly numerus pigens in the city, which is an issue fr urban wildlife managers.(鸽子全年繁殖的能力导致城市中鸽子数量众多，这对城市野生动物管理人员来说是个问题。)”以及“they live in grups f up t 500 birds(它们生活在多达500只鸽子的群体中)”可知，鸽子繁殖能力强导致数量众多，且喜欢大量群体生活在一起，“this persistent cngregatincan cause cnsiderable cnflicts with peple(这种持续的cngregatin可能会引起与人的相当大的冲突)”指的是鸽子持续性大量聚集在一起会引起与人的相当大的冲突，划线词意思cngregatin是“聚集”。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Managers have used deadly tls such as pisns. Hwever, this apprach typically desn’t have sustained results because the remaining pigens multiply rapidly. Further, many pisns are nt species-specific and may harm ther urban birds. Other prgrams aimed at reducing nest success invlve remving the eggs and replacing them with fake eggs.(管理人员使用了致命的工具，如毒药。然而，这种方法通常不会产生持久的结果，因为剩下的鸽子繁殖迅速。此外，许多毒素不是特定物种的，可能会伤害其他城市鸟类)”可知，毒药会让剩下的鸽子繁殖迅速，而且许多毒素不是特定物种的，可能会伤害其他城市鸟类，由此可知这种方法从长远来看是无效的。故选B。
（2023浦东新区一模）
Redman went t great pains t hide his tree huses, building them in neglected crners f the park and camuflaging them with branches and green paint. Friends used t cme t visit him, smetimes as many as 12 peple at a time, bringing sandwiches and radis and bks and trches.
57. The bld wrd “camuflaging” in paragraph 4 is clsest in meaning t________.
A. decratingB. hidingC. equippingD. integrating
【答案】 57. B
【57题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Redman went t great pains t hide his tree huses, building them in neglected crners f the park and”以及后文“ branches and green paint”可知，雷德曼煞费苦心地隐藏他的树屋，把它们建在公园里被忽视的角落里，用树枝和绿色油漆伪装起来。故画线词意思是“隐
藏”。故选B。
2. 猜测短语意义
（2023奉贤一模）
In 2008, I went t Ls Angeles where I tried t get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial brker. Unfrtunately, all these drs slammed in my face. The wrld’s ecnmy was in a bad state, s I knew I wuld have t d a little spinning f my wn.
37. By saying “d a little spinning f my wn” in the secnd paragraph, the authr prbably means he wuld_____________.
A. lk fr a part-time jb independentlyB. make his cntributins t the ecnmy
C. give in t the disappinting realityD. be self-emplyed t develp his career
【答案】 37. D
【解析】
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“In 2008, I went t Ls Angeles where I tried t get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial brker. Unfrtunately, all these drs slammed in my face.(2008年，我去了洛杉矶，试图在那里找到一份代理、分析师和金融经纪人的工作。不幸的是，这些门都在我面前关上了)”可知，当时世界经济状况很糟糕，所以作者要自主创业来发展自己的事业。由此推知，划线部分意思是“自主创业来发展自己的事业”。故选D。
3. 猜测句子意思
【上海市浦东新区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中联考英语试题】
■Wipe dwn the furniture with micrfiber dust wipes. Wh needs plishing spray and a rag when yu’re in a hurry! Pre-cut and flded micrfiber clths wrk great t dust furniture, a TV, bkshelves and picture frames.
■Vacuum r sweep the flr. This is an essential step, since a lt f dust and crumbs settle here. A quick run arund the rm will be effective. If yu have mre time, g fr a secnd rund.
41. What des the authr mean by saying “Wh needs plishing spray and a rag when yu’re in a hurry!” in the fifth paragraph?
A. Plishing spray and rags are intended fr specific peple.
B. Plishing spray and rags are necessities t clean the furniture.
C. Plishing spray and rags can als clean the furniture but they take lnger time.
D. Plishing spray and rags are useless if we have limited time t clean ur bedrm.
【答案】 41. C
【41题详解】
词句猜测题。画线句“Wh needs plishing spray and a rag when yu’re in a hurry!”本身的意思是“当你赶时间的时候，谁还需要抛光喷雾和抹布呢”，结合它的上文“Wipe dwn the furniture with micrfiber dust wipes. (用超细纤维防尘抹布擦拭家具)”和下文“Pre-cut and flded micrfiber clths wrk great t dust furniture, a TV, bkshelves and picture frames. (预先裁剪和折叠的超细纤维布对家具、电视、书架和相框除尘效果很好)”可知，作者认为用超细纤维防尘抹布擦拭家具很便捷、效果很好。由此推知，作者的意思是虽然抛光喷雾和抹布可以同样起到清洁家具的效果，但是耗时更久，因此在时间有限的情况下不是最优选择。故选C项。
4. 猜测代词指代意思
【2024嘉定二模】
Successful wrks f writing succeed fr different reasns-a distinctive vice, mving strytelling, an empwering message, etc. Writers dn’t make the achievement randmly: they earn it by crafting every plt pint and character, every line break, with care and precisin. It’s up t yu t pay attentin t these craft elements, the chices the writer makes and hw they cntribute t the wrk as a whle.
58. What des the underlined prnun “it” refer t?
A. Care and precisin in writingB. Recgnitin f wrks as success
C. Investigatin f writing styleD. Character analysis thrugh wrds
【答案】 58. B
【58题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Successful wrks f writing succeed fr different reasns-a distinctive vice, mving strytelling, an empwering message, etc. Writers dn’t make the achievement randmly(成功的作品之所以成功，各有其原因——独特的声音、感人的叙事、鼓舞人心的信息等等。作家们的成就并非偶然得来)”可知，划线词表示的是“作品被认可为成功”，故选B项。

Passage 1
【2025届上海市嘉定区交大附中附属中学高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试题】
I used t believe a packed calendar means a full life. My days were bked up, well ahead f time, fr dinners ut, exercise classes, trips t the cinema — activities that I knew t be beneficial r rewarding.
I had been determined t make wrk less central t my life: I culdn’t burn ut when I had s much else ging n, I reasned. But when the time came t fllw thrugh n my plans, I tended t find that I had been verly ptimistic — nt nly abut hw much it was pssible, but als abut my enthusiasm t d s.
As my md and energy levels cntinued t wrsen, scial ccasins increasingly felt like anther bligatin — smething I had t d, rather than smething I wanted t d. Arriving t have dinner with friends became similar t a wrk meeting; they registered the same in my calendar.
It eventually dawned n me that the act f scheduling far in advance was rbbing me f the pprtunity t enjy myself. I had made these plans frm a theretical standpint, withut allwing fr the very real pssibility that I wuld be tired, stressed r just nt in the md.
Mving t Nrwich helped me break this habit. In Nrwich, nearly everyne I knw lives within a half-hur walk f me, with plenty f wnderful cafes, pubs and restaurants in between.
Within mnths f mving, I rediscvered the jy f free-flwing. My days were necessarily emptier, because I had fewer lcal friends. In the peace and quiet, I came t better understand hw I truly liked t spend my time.
I was surprised by hw much I benefited frm spending mre time alne. I fund myself having bright ideas and interesting thughts that I suspect wuld have failed me had I carried n at breakneck pace.
My newly cleared schedule als meant that, if I finished wrk fr the day and I felt like seeing a film, I culd. I started t understand what all thse self-help bks meant abut being yur “true self”.
1．Why did the authr plan her activities well ahead f time?
A．T ensure she can balance life and wrk.
B．T reflect her time management skills.
C．T make sure her schedule is always full.
D．T avid missing ut n scial events.
2．Why did the authr cmpare dinner with friends t a wrk meeting?
A．She fund scial events a break frm wrk respnsibilities.
B．She believed the wrk meetings culd als be enjyable.
C．She saw the wrk meetings as a special frm f scial events.
D．She felt scializing as stressful as dealing with wrk tasks.
3．Hw did the mve t Nrwich affect the authr?
A．She felt lnely with fewer friends and scial events.
B．She appreciated a mre flexible apprach t life.
C．She lifted her prductivity and finished wrk sner.
D．She became busier with mre ideas and thughts.
4．What des the authr mean by being yur “true self” (last paragraph)?
A．Realizing the jy f slwing dwn the pace f life.
B．Discvering that a lnely life can als be a full life.
C．Finding happiness in fllwing a packed schedule.
D．Making a detailed plan fr persnal develpment.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者原本提前安排满满当当的日程，后来意识到这剥夺了自己享受生活的机会，搬到诺维奇后，她重新发现了自由生活的乐趣。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I used t believe a packed calendar means a full life. My days were bked up, well ahead f time, fr dinners ut, exercise classes, trips t the cinema — activities that I knew t be beneficial r rewarding.(我曾经认为日程安排得满满当当就意味着生活充实。我的日子提前很久就被预订出去了，用于外出就餐、健身课程、看电影——这些我知道有益或有回报的活动)”可知，作者提前安排活动是为了确保日程总是满满的，让生活更充实。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“As my md and energy levels cntinued t wrsen, scial ccasins increasingly felt like anther bligatin — smething I had t d, rather than smething I wanted t d. Arriving t have dinner with friends became similar t a wrk meeting; they registered the same in my calendar. (随着我的情绪和精力水平持续恶化，社交场合越来越像是另一种义务——是我不得不做的事情，而不是我想做的事情。和朋友一起吃晚餐变得和工作会议类似；它们在我的日程表上的意义是一样的)”可知，随着情绪和精力水平持续恶化，作者觉得社交和处理工作任务一样有压力，所以把与朋友共进晚餐比作工作会议。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Mving t Nrwich helped me break this habit. In Nrwich, nearly everyne I knw lives within a half hur walk f me, with plenty f wnderful cafes, pubs and restaurants in between. (搬到诺维奇帮助我改掉了这个习惯。在诺维奇，我认识的几乎每个人都住在离我步行半小时的范围内，中间还有很多很棒的咖啡馆、酒吧和餐馆)”和第六段“Within mnths f mving, I rediscvered the jy f free flwing. My days were necessarily emptier, because I had fewer lcal friends. In the peace and quiet, I came t better understand hw I truly liked t spend my time. (搬来几个月后，我重新发现了自由生活的乐趣。我的日子必然更清闲了，因为我在当地的朋友更少了。在宁静中，我开始更好地理解我真正想如何度过我的时间)”可知，搬到诺维奇后，作者欣赏并适应了一种更灵活的生活方式。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“My newly cleared schedule als meant that, if I finished wrk fr the day and I felt like seeing a film, I culd. I started t understand what all thse self-help bks meant abut being yur ‘true self’. (我新空出来的日程也意味着，如果我当天工作结束后想看电影，我就可以去。我开始明白那些自助书籍所说的做‘真实的自己’是什么意思了)”以及前文作者从忙碌到享受清闲自由生活可知，做“真实的自己”意味着作者意识到放慢生活节奏的乐趣。故选A项。
Passage 2
【上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷】
On Nv. 28, the 12-year-ld German shepherd named Bear was ut fr his first lng walk fllwing surgery as a birthday treat when he ran int a missing persn in need f help in “dense undergrwth” near his walking path, accrding t a scial media pst frm the nnprfit rganizatin Thin Blue Paw Fundatin.
The nnprfit, whse missin is t supprt serving and retired plice dgs natinwide, said the lst man was “cnfused, wet, and cld, and unable t get up” when the retired plice dg came acrss him. “The man was a vulnerable missing persn fficers had been searching fr withut success,” the pst read. The man was lying in a “dark and very cld” area befre being led t safety by Bear. “RPD Bear, yu’re a true her, shwing us that even in retirement, yu can still save lives,” the rganizatin wrte. “Happy Birthday, Bear!”
The Guardian reprted that Bear was n the casual walk that led t the missing man with his wner, Julia Ppe, and “went int wrk mde” during the incident. The dg was in recvery at the time and n his first lng walk since receiving surgery t remve tw harmless tumrs tw weeks prir.
Ppe tld the utlet that Bear “dragged” her t where the missing individual was. “I’m nt sure he wuld have survived the night as it was extremely cld and almst dark at that pint with n ne else nearby,” Ppe said f the lst man she and Bear fund. The man was brught t lcal plice and reunited with his lved nes.
While he is retired frm active duty with the Sussex plice, Bear has been wrking as a wellbeing and supprt dg fr plice staff, reprted The Guardian.
He had anther surgery in the summer f 2023. The Thin Blue Paw Fundatin supprted the dg during the surgery. Thin Blue Paw Trustee Kieran Stanbridge tld The Guardian, “RPD Bear is a true her — his training and instinct kicked in, and he managed t lead his wner, wh is a frmer plice fficer, t the man wh needed urgent help.” Stanbridge cntinued, “Thanks t Bear, the man received the help he needed frm lcal fficers, even in his retirement, he’s still saving lives.”
5．Accrding t the passage, Bear ________.
A．is a retired plice dg which has just undergne an peratin
B．is a serving plice dg whse duty is t rescue the hmeless
C．is supprted by a nn-prfit rganizatin t take n sme paid jbs
D．is adpted by a frmer plice fficer t accmpany and safeguard her
6．The wrd “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 mst prbably has the same meaning as “________”.
A．cntent.B．weak.C．curageus.D．reliable.
7．Which f the fllwing can be dne by The Thin Blue Paw Fundatin accrding t the passage?
A．It helps the plice dgs thrughut the cuntry.
B．It pays fr the rescue wrk dne by plice dgs.
C．It prvides financial supprt fr dg adpters.
D．It imprves retired plice fficers’ wellbeing.
8．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．A nn-prfit rganizatin spnsrs plice dgs.
B．Bear still enjys acts f herism in his senir years.
C．A missing man was lucky enugh t be rescued.
D．Retired plice dgs’ surgery impacts their wellbeing.
【答案】5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了退役警犬Bear在术后首次长时间散步时发现并救助失踪人员的事迹，同时介绍了支持警犬的非营利组织Thin Blue Paw Fundatin。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“On Nv. 28, the 12-year-ld German shepherd named Bear was ut fr his first lng walk fllwing surgery as a birthday treat(11月28日，这只12岁名叫Bear的德国牧羊犬在术后首次长时间散步，作为生日犒赏)” 以及倒数第二段 “While he is retired frm active duty with the Sussex plice(它已从苏塞克斯警方退役)”可知，Bear 是一只刚经历手术且已退役的警犬。故选A。
6．词义猜测题。根据第二段“The nnprfit, whse missin is t supprt serving and retired plice dgs natinwide, said the lst man was “cnfused, wet, and cld, and unable t get up” when the retired plice dg came acrss him. (这家非营利组织的使命是为全国现役及退役警犬提供支持。该组织称，当这只退役警犬发现那名失踪男子时，他‘神志不清、浑身湿透、冻得发抖，而且无法起身’)”可知，这些描述体现出该失踪男子的状况不佳，很虚弱，划线词vulnerable意为“虚弱的”，与weak意思一致。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段 “The nnprfit, whse missin is t supprt serving and retired plice dgs natinwide(非营利组织 Thin Blue Paw Fundatin的使命是支持全国范围内现役和退役的警犬)” 可知，The Thin Blue Paw Fundatin帮助全国的警犬。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“On Nv. 28, the 12-year-ld German shepherd named Bear was ut fr his first lng walk fllwing surgery as a birthday treat when he ran int a missing persn in need f help in “dense undergrwth” near his walking path, accrding t a scial media pst frm the nnprfit rganizatin Thin Blue Paw Fundatin.( 据非营利组织 Thin Blue Paw Fundatin在社交媒体上发布的消息，11月28日，这只12岁的德国牧羊犬贝尔（Bear）在接受手术后首次进行长时间散步，当作给自己的生日犒赏。就在这时，它在散步路径附近的 “茂密灌木丛” 中遇到了一名需要帮助的失踪人员)”结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了12岁退役警犬Bear在术后散步时意外救下一名失踪者的故事，选项B“Bear在暮年仍有英雄之举”全面概括主题。故选B。
Passage3
【2025届上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学高三下学期三模英语试题】
Faced with multiple transfrmatinal changes-the impact f autmatin n jb rles, remte and hybrid wrking cnditins, and increasing labr shrtages, t name a few-what can rganizatins d t thrive, nt just survive?
Crafting an upskilling strategy that prepares tday’s wrkfrce fr tmrrw’s pprtunities is a step in the right directin. Fr ideas f hw t put this int practice, we can lk t a few cmpanies that have successfully develped upskilling prgrams, including Amazn, Salesfrce, and PwC．
Amazn-Upskilling 2025
Amazn’s upskilling prgram ffers jb assistance and tuitin-free training that emplyees cmplete during their wrkday. Thrugh Upskilling 2025, emplyees can participate in a variety f pprtunities, including:
Machine Learning University (MLU): Taught by Amazn’s wn, this prgram is n track t train thusands f emplyees in machine learning skills. It requires a time cmmitment f fur t eight hurs per week, fr each six-week mdule.
A2Tech: Fulfillment center emplyees can cmplete this 90-day prgram t develp IT supprt technician skills and eventually, cmplete the A+ certificatin test.
AWS Training and Certificatin: T address the clud skills shrtage, Amazn ffers free AWS training and discunted certificatin exams. Classes are ffered in-persn and nline.
Amazn Technical Academy: Designed fr emplyees in nn-technical rles, this prgram seeks t mve emplyees int sftware engineering prfessins thrugh hybrid instructin, prject-based activities, and real-wrld applicatin.
PwC - New Wrld. New Skills.
Over the next several years, PWC plans t invest $3-billin in upskilling. As part f its “New Wrld. New Skills” initiative, the cmpany ffers in-persn, digital upskilling prgrams where participants learn hw t use tls frm autmatin t rbtics. The Virtual Digital Academy lasts frm ne t tw days and is ffered at bth standard and advanced levels.
T upskill their 50,000 emplyees, PwC als created the Digital Fitness app with training tls fr a variety f in-demand tpics such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and augmented reality. Thrugh the app, which is nw available t the public, emplyees and thers can earn micr-degrees and certificatins.Salesfrce-Trailhead
Salesfrce predicts it will create ver fur millin jbs by 2026. T prepare current and prspective emplyees t fill these rles, the cmpany invites its wrkfrce and external learners t “skill up fr the future” thrugh its digital upskilling prgram, Trailhead.
Thrugh the nline platfrm, learners can develp in-demand skills and earn credentials. T begin, participants select a career path (such as develper r data analyst) and then cmplete the “trail” fr that career. Trails include eLearning mdules and prjects that help learners upskill fr a new rle.
Alternatively, participants can create a custm “trailmix,” pulling learning cmpnents frm varius trails t frm a persnalized learning plan. Alng their learning jurneys participants earn badges and certificatins t shwcase n their resumes.
9．Based n the article, which f the fllwing best defines the term “upskilling”?
A．Replacing emplyees with autmatin tls t reduce labr csts
B．Prviding shrt-term training fr emplyees t adapt t their current rles.
C．Cultivating emplyee capabilities t meet current and future hiring needs.
D．Encuraging self-directed learning withut structured prgrams r certificatins.
10．Suppse yu recently left a nn-technical rle at a tech cmpany but haven’t made a clear career plan. Which f the fllwing upskilling prgrams wuld be mst suitable fr yu?
A．Amazn-A2TechB．Amazn-Amazn Technical Academy
C．PwC-Digital Fitness appD．Salesfrce-Trailhead
11．What can be inferred abut the practice f pening upskilling prgrams t external learners?
A．Cmpanies hpe t cultivate a talent pl and address skill gaps.
B．Training prgrams needn’t cnsider external learners’ wrking schedules.
C．Remte and hybrid wrking cnditins make large-scale training pssible.
D．Having mre participants means reducing the tuitin cst fr every trainer.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍亚马逊、普华永道和Salesfrce的员工技能提升计划。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Crafting an upskilling strategy that prepares tday’s wrkfrce fr tmrrw’s pprtunities is a step in the right directin. (制定一项upskilling战略，让今天的员工为明天的机会做好准备，这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步)”可知，upskilling指的是培养员工能力以满足当前和未来的招聘需求，选项C“Cultivating emplyee capabilities t meet current and future hiring needs. (培养员工能力以满足当前和未来的招聘需求)”符合题意。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据Amazn Technical Academy:部分中“Designed fr emplyees in nn-technical rles, this prgram seeks t mve emplyees int sftware engineering prfessins thrugh hybrid instructin, prject-based activities, and real-wrld applicatin. (该项目专为非技术岗位的员工设计，旨在通过混合式教学、基于项目的活动和实际应用，将员工引入软件工程专业)”可知，如果你最近从一家科技公司的非技术岗位离职，但还没有明确的职业规划，Amazn Technical Academy这个项目最适合。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据Salesfrce-Trailhead部分中“Salesfrce predicts it will create ver fur millin jbs by 2026. T prepare current and prspective emplyees t fill these rles, the cmpany invites its wrkfrce and external learners t “skill up fr the future” thrugh its digital upskilling prgram, Trailhead. (Salesfrce预测，到2026年，它将创造超过400万个就业岗位。为了让现有员工和潜在员工能够胜任这些职位，该公司邀请其员工和外部学习者通过其数字技能提升计划Trailhead“为未来提升技能”)”可推知，公司向外部学习者开放技能提升计划，是希望培养人才库并解决技能差距问题。故选A。
Passage 4
【上海市复兴高级中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月调研英语试题】
The infrmatin, sentences, r questins that yu enter int a Generative AI (Gen AI) tl (“prmpts”) are a big influence n the quality f utputs yu receive. After yu enter a prmpt, the AI mdel analyzes yur input and generates a respnse based n the patterns it has learned thrugh its training. Mre descriptive prmpts can imprve the quality f the utputs.
It’s very imprtant t keep in mind that AI-generated cntent can be inaccurate, misleading, entirely fabricated, r ffensive, s be sure t carefully review any wrk cntaining AI cntent befre yu use r publish it. Abuse f Gen AI is a serius frm f academic miscnduct and can be punished by expulsin (开除) frm the University.
Be specific
Generic prmpts like “Write a stry” will prduce generic results. What kind f stry d yu want? What genre? Is it fr adults r children? Adding this type f cntext and being specific, clear, and cncise will help generate mre useful utputs. Mre specificity can als limit the chances f inaccurate respnses.
“Act as if…”
Asking the AI t behave as if were a type f persn, prcess, r bject can be an easy way t start generating better prmpts. The AI will attempt t emulate that rle and tailr its answers accrdingly.
Fr example, imagine yu wanted help create a recipe based n the ingredients yu have in yur kitchen. If yu added “act as if yu are my persnal trainer” first, the AI will cnsider this cntext in its respnse, suggesting a healthy recipe r a meal designed t refuel after a wrkut.
____________________
Generative AI can prduce many different types f utputs, including cde, stries, reprts, summaries, dialgue, business cmmunicatins, and much mre. Being specific abut the type f utput yu want will prduce better results. After describing what yu want, try adding “Present this in the frm f…” and yur preferred utput. Or start yur prmpt with, “Create a [frmat f utput] abut/that cntains…” etc.
12．This passage is fund in a university’s guideline webpage. What may NOT be fund there?
A．Cre principles fr respnsible Gen AI use.
B．Restrictins n the usage f Gen AI.
C．Varius samples f well-structured prmpts.
D．Guides t writing essays with Gen AI.
13．Which f the fllwing subtitles can be filled in blank?
A．Cnsider tne and audience
B．Tell it hw yu want yur utput t be presented
C．Ask it t create yur prmpts r what else it needs frm yu
D．Crrect mistakes and give feedback
14．Suppse yu’re the leader f the schl basketball team. Yu are ging t deliver a speech abut the imprtance f sprts thrugh sharing yur persnal experience. Which f the fllwing prmpts is the mst prper when using Gen AI?
A．Cmpse a mtivatinal basketball team speech sharing persnal jurney and advcating exercise.
B．Write an article abut the essence f basketball, citing several stries f famus stars.
C．Discuss advantages f ding sprts, specifically basketball, with reference t literature.
D．Make up a stry abut ne’s experience in basketball, shwing the imprtance f sprts.
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何有效地使用生成式人工智能（Gen AI）工具，包括输入提示（prmpts）的技巧、注意事项以及如何提高输出质量。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“The infrmatin, sentences, r questins that yu enter int a Generative AI (Gen AI) tl (“prmpts”) are a big influence n the quality f utputs yu receive. (你输入到生成式人工智能（Gen AI）工具中的信息、句子或问题（“提示”）会对你收到的输出质量产生很大影响。)”以及第二段“It’s very imprtant t keep in mind that AI-generated cntent can be inaccurate, misleading, entirely fabricated, r ffensive, s be sure t carefully review any wrk cntaining AI cntent befre yu use r publish it. Abuse f Gen AI is a serius frm f academic miscnduct and can be punished by expulsin (开除) frm the University (必须牢记的是，人工智能生成的内容可能不准确、具有误导性、完全是编造的，或者具有攻击性，因此在使用或发布任何包含人工智能内容的作品之前，一定要仔细审查。滥用生成式人工智能是一种严重的学术不端行为，可能会被大学开除。)”可知，大学指南网页上可能会包含负责任使用生成式人工智能的核心原则、对生成式人工智能使用的限制等内容，且根据第三段“Be specific (要具体)”以及下文具体介绍如何输入提示，可推测指南网页上可能会给出结构良好的提示示例，但不会包含使用生成式人工智能撰写论文的指南，因为这可能涉及学术不端行为，且指南更侧重于如何正确使用工具，而非具体内容的创作。故选D项。
13．主旨大意题。根据空格后“Generative AI can prduce many different types f utputs, including cde, stries, reprts, summaries, dialgue, business cmmunicatins, and much mre. Being specific abut the type f utput yu want will prduce better results. After describing what yu want, try adding “Present this in the frm f…” and yur preferred utput. Or start yur prmpt with, “Create a [frmat f utput] abut/that cntains…” etc. (生成式人工智能可以产生许多不同类型的输出，包括代码、故事、报告、摘要、对话、商业通信等等。明确你想要的输出类型会产生更好的结果。在描述了你想要的东西之后，试着加上“以……的形式呈现”和你喜欢的输出。或者以“创建一个关于/包含……的[输出格式]”等作为提示的开头。)”可知，本段主要介绍了如何告诉生成式人工智能你希望如何呈现输出结果，B项“Tell it hw yu want yur utput t be presented (告诉它你希望如何呈现输出结果)”符合本段主旨，适合作为本段小标题。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Mre descriptive prmpts can imprve the quality f the utputs. (更具描述性的提示可以提高输出的质量。)”以及Be specific中“Adding this type f cntext and being specific, clear, and cncise will help generate mre useful utputs. Mre specificity can als limit the chances f inaccurate respnses. (添加这种上下文，并做到具体、清晰和简洁，将有助于产生更有用的输出。更具体也可以减少不准确回复的可能性。)”可知，使用生成式人工智能时，输入的提示应该具体、清晰且具有描述性，以提高输出质量。根据题干“Suppse yu’re the leader f the schl basketball team. Yu are ging t deliver a speech abut the imprtance f sprts thrugh sharing yur persnal experience. (假设你是学校篮球队的队长。你将通过分享你的个人经历来发表一篇关于体育重要性的演讲。)”可知，想要发表一篇关于体育重要性的演讲，并分享个人经历，A项“Cmpse a mtivatinal basketball team speech sharing persnal jurney and advcating exercise. (写一篇激励人心的篮球队演讲，分享个人经历，倡导运动。)”符合题意，既具体又清晰，且与题干中的需求相匹配。故选A项。
Passage 5
【2025届上海市七宝中学高三下学期5月测试英语试题】
The Pwer f Habit
We like t think we’re in cntrl f ur chices, but the truth is, nearly half f what we d each day unflds withut cnscius thught. That first sip f cffee in the mrning, the way we instinctively reach fr ur phnes during dwntime, even the rutes we take t wrk—all f these fllw invisible scripts written by habit. In The Pwer f Habit, Charles Duhigg masterfully uncvers the invisible patterns that shape ur lives, blending cutting-edge science with impressive stries that resnate with yung readers seeking self-imprvement.
At the cre f habit frmatin lies a simple but pwerful habit lp: —a simple yet prfund three-step cycle: cue prmpts rutine, which delivers reward. This neurlgical blueprint explains why stress sends us straight t the snack cupbard r why bredm leads t mindless scrlling. But nce we recgnize the lp, we can rewrite it. Duhigg makes this science tangible(有形的) thrugh vivid examples: hw call centers train new emplyees t handle angry custmers by rewiring their instinctive reactins int calm, slutin-fcused respnses, r hw Olympic swimmers like Michael Phelps use ritualized warm-ups t enter peak perfrmance states. The same principle applies t everyday life. Small, deliberate adjustments—like exchanging scial media fr a shrt walk during breaks —can reprgram autpilt behavirs ver time.
The wrk systematically explres the phenmenn f “keystne habits ”—small changes that create ripple effects. Smene wh starts exercising regularly might, withut even trying, eat healthier r sleep better. A student wh cmmits t rganizing their study space may find their fcus sharpening in ther areas, t. S there is n need t change everything all at nce. Identify ne habit, nurture it, and let the rest fllw.
Habits dn’t just shape individuals—they drive cmmunities and mvements. Cnsider hw scial change happens. Often, it’s nt just abut big speeches r dramatic mments; it’s abut repeated, cllective actins that becme secnd nature. When a grup f peple cnsistently shws up, speaks ut, r supprts a cause, thse repeated behavirs, sustained ver time, have the pwer t redefine cultures.
Of curse, recnditining deeply rted habits—like prcrastinatin r unhealthy cping mechanisms—isn’t as simple as pressing a switch. Knwledge alne isn’t enugh; it takes practice, supprt, and smetimes even prfessinal guidance. What wrks is replacing rather than resisting: substituting the unhealthy reward fr a healthier ne, r anchring a new rutine t an existing cue; in this way we stp being prisners f rutine and start becming its authrs. The prcess is gradual, but the payff cmes when yu feel equipped t rewrite yur wn life scripts.
15．The term “autpilt behavirs” in paragraph 2 prbably refers t __________.
A．temprary impulsive reactin.
B．mindless habitual actin.
C．cnscius vluntary ptins.
D．randm instinctive respnses.
16．Which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A．Habit lps prgresses in a circle: cue, reward and rutine.
B．Phelps is mentined t argue that willpwer serves as the driver f habit change.
C．The bk suggests that knwledge is irrelevant t habit changes.
D．Scial transfrmatin emerges thrugh sustained repetitin f cllective habits.
17．Which f these habits is a keystne habit?
A．Emma checks scial media first thing, which smetimes makes her late fr class but keeps her updated.
B．Tm prepares his schl utfit the night befre, and finds mrnings less stressful with mre time fr breakfast.
C．Sphia watches TV during dinner, ften finishing meals faster than when eating mindfully.
D．Nah rganizes his desk every Friday, thugh it desn’t affect his weekly prductivity.
18．The primary purpse f this passage is t __________.
A．discuss hw t minimize the influence f habits.
B．analyze hw habits cme int being.
C．intrduce and recmmend a bk n habit science.
D．instruct feasible habit-training methds.
【答案】15．B 16．D 17．B 18．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了 Charles Duhigg 所著的《习惯的力量》这本书。书中揭示了习惯塑造生活的无形模式，介绍了习惯循环的原理、关键习惯的作用，以及习惯对个人、群体和社会变革的影响，还提到改变习惯的方法，目的在于向读者介绍并推荐这本书。
15．词义猜测题。根据第一段“nearly half f what we d each day unflds withut cnscius thught. That first sip f cffee in the mrning, the way we instinctively reach fr ur phnes during dwntime, even the rutes we take t wrk—all f these fllw invisible scripts written by habit.(我们每天近一半的行为是在无意识的情况下进行的。早上的第一口咖啡，休息时本能地伸手去拿手机的动作，甚至上班的路线 —— 所有这些都遵循着习惯写下的无形脚本)” 以及第二段 “Small, deliberate adjustments—like exchanging scial media fr a shrt walk during breaks —can reprgram autpilt behavirs ver time.(随着时间的推移，一些小的、有意识的调整 —— 比如在休息时间用散步代替刷社交媒体 —— 可以重新设定 autpilt behavirs)” 可知，重新设定的这些行为是无意识的、习惯性的。故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据第四段“Cnsider hw scial change happens. Often, it’s nt just abut big speeches r dramatic mments; it’s abut repeated, cllective actins that becme secnd nature.(想想社会变革是如何发生的。通常，它不仅仅关乎宏大的演讲或戏剧性的时刻；它关乎那些不断重复的集体行动，这些行动最终会成为人们的下意识行为)” 可知，社会变革是通过集体习惯的持续重复出现的。故选D。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段“The wrk systematically explres the phenmenn f ‘keystne habits.’—small changes that create ripple effects. Smene wh starts exercising regularly might, withut even trying, eat healthier r sleep better. A student wh cmmits t rganizing their study space may find their fcus sharpening in ther areas, t.(这部作品系统地探究了 “关键习惯” 这一现象，即一些能产生连锁反应的微小改变。一个开始经常锻炼的人，可能不经意间就会饮食更健康，睡眠质量也更好。一个致力于整理自己学习空间的学生，可能会发现自己在其他方面的注意力也变得更加集中)” 可知，关键习惯能带来连锁积极影响。B项“汤姆在前一天晚上准备好上学的衣服，他发现早上有更多的时间吃早餐，压力会小一些。”正确。故选B。
18．推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了 Charles Duhigg 所著的《习惯的力量》这本书。书中揭示了习惯塑造生活的无形模式，介绍了习惯循环的原理、关键习惯的作用，以及习惯对个人、群体和社会变革的影响，还提到改变习惯的方法，目的在于向读者介绍并推荐这本书。所以文章的目的是介绍并推荐一本关于习惯科学的书。故选C。

（2018年1月·上海高考试题）
(A)
We Have a Painter t Thank fr Yellwstne
Befre artist Thmas Mran set ft in the park, it was seen as a hellish place. After, it was marketed as a wnderland.
Befre Thmas Mran arrived, Yellwstne in the ppular imaginatin was a harsh, wild place pcked with hellish geysers. After the painter’s wrk was finished, Yellwstne was established as a natinal park and marketed as a wnderland.
In 1871 Mran and phtgrapher William Henry Jacksn had jined the first U.S. gvernment survey f the regin. Fr tw weeks Mran filled a sketchbk with the landscape’s mst stunning sights. The survey results, Jacksn’s phts, and Mran’s waterclrs—the first clr renderings f the area—were presented t Cngress that fall. “The phtgraphs were prf that what the artist was shwing really existed,” says Eleanr Harvey, senir curatr at the Smithsnian American Art Museum.
In March 1872 lawmakers fficially made Yellwstne a natinal park, the wrld’s first. By April, Mran had transfrmed sme f his sketches int a 7-by-12-ft painting. The gld-splattered valley and billwing Lwer Falls f “The Grand Canyn f the Yellwstne” captivated the public. “It is t grand and wnderful fr wrds,” declared the Ladies’ Repsitry that August, “and nne can ever judge f its wnders frm any engraving r phtgraph in mere black and white.”
Thugh Mran later painted Lake Superir, the Grand Canyn, and the Rckies, his reputatin was s intertwined with Yellwstne that he tk t signing his paintings “TYM,” fr Thmas “Yellwstne” Mran.
（）
56. What can we knw abut Yellwstne accrding t the passage?
A. It was a ppular park with geysers befre Thmas Mran finished transfrmatin.
B. It was an imaginatin f a harsh and wild place.
C. I became a natinal park with the effrts f Mran and Jacksn
D. is an attractive grand valley.
57.What des the " pcked" mean in the first sentence ( paragraph 2 ) ?
A.Packed.B.Dtted.C.BlckedD.Stuck.
58. What are the characteristics f Thmas Mran's paintings abut Yellwstne Park?
A.Paying attentin t clr rendering f paintings.
B.His magnificent and wnderful paintings.
C. His reputatin clsely linked t Yellwstne Park
D.His paintings with nthing special.
59.What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A.The Significance f Thmas Mran's paintings t Yellwstne Park
B. Hw Yellwstne Park is established as a Natinal Park.
C.The Great Painter-Thmas Mran.
D. The prcess f Yellwstne Park being labelled as a fairyland.
【答案】 56.C 57.B 58.B 59.A
56.C[解析]考查细节理解。根据文章第二，三段可知，Mran 和 Jacksn 提出的改造建议对黄石公园被改造为国家公园有着重要的意义，故选 C。
57.B[解析]猜词题注意定位句以及上下句。根据文章中“Befre Thmas Mran arrived, Yellwstne in the ppular imaginatin was a harsh, wild place pcked with hellish geysers. After the painter's wrk was finished, Yellwstne was established as a natinal park and marketed as a wnderland.”在托马斯·莫兰到来之前，人们想象中的黄石公园是一个布满地狱般间歇泉的荒凉地方。但画家的作品完成后，黄石公园被定为国家公园，并作为一个仙境出售。Pcked 意为“having hles r hllw marks n the surface”(表面)有洞的，有坑的，作 place 的后置定语，后加 with可引申为“遍布...”，选项中A 为“收拾(行李)”B 为星罗棋布于;遍布;布满;符合题意，C 为堵塞;阻塞，D 为卡住。故选 B。
58.B[解析]考查细节理解。根据文章中“It is t grand and wnderful fr wrds declared the Ladies’ Repsitry that August, “and nne can ever judge f its wnders frm any engraving r phtgraph in mere black and white.”可知，大家对托马斯·莫兰关于黄石公园的画作印象是宏伟美妙，故选 B。
59.A[解析]考查逻辑推理。根据文章整体分析，以及“Befre artist Thmas Mran set ft in the park, it was seen as a hellish place. After, it was marketed as a wnderland.”该句话的总体概括和暗示，可知本文主要讲述了托马斯·莫兰对黄石公园的巨大影响意义，故选 A。
(B)
Why UPS Trucks (Almst) Never Turn Left
By favring right-hand turns at all times--unless a left is unavidable-the carrier saves millins f gallns f fuel each year, and avids emissins equivalent t ver 20 ,000 passenger cars.
The practice started decades ag, befre cmputers and GPS, and is nw managed by asftware that cnjures the mst efficient rute fr each truck.
What's wrng with turning left?
Left-hand turns are generally cnsidered unsafe and wasteful n right-hand driving rads, such as thse in the US.
A study n crash factrs in intersectin-related accidents frm the US Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Assciatin shws that turning left is ne f the leading "critical pre-crash events" (an event that made a cllisin inevitable), ccurring in 22.2 percent f crashes, as ppsed t 1.2 percent fr right turns. Abut 61 percent f crashes that ccur while turning r crssing an intersectin invlve left turns, as ppsed t just 3.1 percent invlving right turns.
Left turns are als three times mre likely t kill pedestrians than right nes, accrding t data cllected by New Yrk City's transprtatin planners.
"A left-hand turn is als less fuel efficient," said Jack Levis, UPS Senir Directr f Prcess Management, "because yur car's idling lnger, which is als nt gd fr yur vehicle."
UPS des nt ban left turns utright, says Levis: "We will make left hand turns, but nt nes that are unnecessary. We dn't need t g in circles all day lng by making nly right hand turns. We have tls analyze the number f left hand turns fr each rute, and we can wrk ut which nes are avidable."
The rule, says Levis, can als be applied t left-hand driving cuntries, such as Australia and the UK, where it discurages right-hand turns and the prcedure is nw incrprated in mst cuntries arund the wrld.
（）
60. Hw much resurces can UPS trucks save by aviding turning left?
A.UPS trucks will cnsume millins f gallns f fuel.
B. The emissin f UPS trucks is equivalent t that f ver 2000 passenger cars.
C.UPS trucks estimate t save 100 000 metrie tns f CO, emissin a year.
D. UPS trucks estimate an increase f 6 t 8 miles per rute.
6l. In Tm Vanderbilt's View, hw t Deal with the Left Turn Prblem in the United States?
A. Install a dedicated left turn phase.
B.Traffic planners manage rad cnditins.
C.Operatrs make their wn traffic maps.
D.Natinal plicy encurages left turn f vehicles.
62. Which f the fllwing ptins is NOT TRUE accrding t the passage?
A.It's unsafe t turn left n right-hand driving rads.
B.Turning left is resurce-efficient n right-hand driving rads.
C.Left turning is likely t cause traffic accidents.
D. Left-turn is discuraged in all cuntries.
【答案】60.C 61. A 62.D
60.C[解析]考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中“By favring right-hand tums at all times-unless a left is unavidable-the carrier saves millins f gallns f fuel each year, and avids emissins equivalent t ver 20,000 passenger cars."可知 AB两表述错误，且结合文章图片表述，C 项正确，D项错误，故选 C。
61.A[解析]考查细节理解。根据文章中表述“This can nt nly be dangerus,but makes traffic build up, unless yu install a dedicated left-turn 'phase”可知，根据姆·范德比尔认为解决左转问题需要安装一个专门左转向，故选 A。
62.D[解析]考查细节理解。根据文章中“The rule,says Levis,can als be applied t left-hand driving cuntries, such as Australia and the UK, where it discurages right-hand turns."可知，不是所有国家都不鼓励左转，只是在右侧驾驶的国家而已阐述错误，故选D。
(C)
Why data is the new cal
“Is data the new il?” asked prpnents f big data back in 2012 in Frbes magazine. By 2016, and the rise f big data’s turb-pwered cusin deep learning, we had becme mre certain: “Data is the new il,” stated Frtune.
Amazn’s Neil Lawrence has a slightly different analgy: Data, he says, is cal. Nt cal tday, thugh, but cal in the early days f the 18th century, when Thmas Newcmen invented the steam engine. A Devnian irnmnger, Newcmen built his device t pump water ut f the suth west’s prlific tin mines.
The prblem, as Lawrence tld the Re-Wrk cnference n Deep Learning in Lndn, was that the pump was rather mre useful t thse wh had a lt f cal than thse wh didn’t: it was gd, but nt gd enugh t buy cal in t run it. That was s true that the first f Newcmen’s steam engines wasn’t built in a tin mine, but in cal wrks near Dudley.
S why is data cal? The prblem is similar: there are a lt f Newcmens in the wrld f deep learning. Startups like Lndn’s Magic Pny and SwiftKey are cming up with revlutinary new ways t train machines t d impressive feats f cgnitin, frm recnstructing facial data frm grainy images t learning the writing style f an individual user t better predict which wrd they are ging t type in a sentence.
And yet, like Newcmen, their innvatins are s much mre useful t the peple wh actually have cpius amunts f raw material t wrk frm. And s Magic Pny is acquired by Twitter, SwiftKey is acquired by Micrsft – and Lawrence himself gets hired by Amazn frm the University f Sheffield, where he was based until three weeks ag.
But there is a cda t the stry: 69 years later, James Watt made a nice tweak t the Newcmen steam engine, adding a cndenser t the design. That change, Lawrence said, “made the steam engine much mre efficient, and that’s what triggered the industrial revlutin”.
Whether data is il r cal, then, there’s anther way the analgy hlds up: a lt f wrk is ging int trying t make sure we can d mre, with less. It’s nt as impressive as teaching a cmputer t play G r Pac-Man better than any human alive, but “data efficiency” is a crucial step if deep learning is ging t mve away frm simply gbbling up dles f data and spitting ut the best crrelatins pssible.
“If yu lk at all the areas where deep learning is successful, they’re all areas where there’s lts f data,” pints ut Lawrence. That’s great if yu want t categrise images f cats, but less helpful if yu want t use deep learning t diagnse rare illnesses. “It’s generally cnsidered unethical t frce peple t becme sick in rder t acquire data.”
（）
Accrding t the passage, why data is seen as the new cal?
A. It can drive the steam engine t pump water
B.It can help peple make mre cals.
C. It can help the areas f deep learning
D. It can help cure diagnse rare illnesses.
64. Accrding t Lawrence , why big data is less helpful t diagnse rare illnesses?
A. Because there is n such demand.
B. Because it can nly use t categrize images f cats.
C. Because it's unethical t acquire data by frcing peple t becme sick.
D. Because it needs t much data.
65. Which areas are mst likely t be successful in in-depth learning?
A.Sme small start-ups.
B.Areas with large amunts f data.
C.Cal and Petrleum Develpment Field
D.Areas fr tackling rare diseases
66. Accrding t the cntent f the article, which is NOT TRUE abut the big data?
A. We still have a lt f wrk t study the big data.
B. It requires cuntless data t be cllected.
C. The purpse f studying big data is t save parents’ csts
D. “Data efficiency” is a critical step t explre mre data.
【答案】63.C 64. C 65. B 66.C
63.C解析]细节理解。由文章中and the rise f big data’s turb-pwered cusin deep learning, we had becme mre certain: “Data is the new il, stated Frtune《财富》杂志称，随着大数据涡轮驱动的表亲深入学习的兴起，我们变得更加确定:“数据是新的石油”。可知选 C。
64.C[解析] 细节理解。由文中Its generally cnsidered unethical t frce peple t becme sick in rder t acquire data”“强迫人们生病以获取数据通常被认为是不道德的。”可知 Lawrence 认为研究疾病需要大量数据，而我们不能强迫人们生病而去做研究。故选 C。
65.B[解析]细节理解。根据文章中“If yu lk at all the areas where deep learning is successful, they're all areas where there's lts f data,”可知，在在数据大的领域，深度学习比较成功，故选 B。
66.C细节理解。[解析]由文中 lt f wrk is ging int trying t make sure we can d mre, with less..我们需要做大量的工作来确保我们能用更少的钱更多的事情以及 but“data efficiency”is a crucial step 数据效率是第一步。可知着想要表达的是研究大数据要提高数据效率，并不是说研究大数据是为了节省成本，故选C。
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