上海高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解词义猜测题（解析版）

这是一份上海高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解词义猜测题（解析版），共31页。学案主要包含了常见考法，32题详解，12题详解，29题详解，5题详解，37 题详解，37题详解，36题详解等内容，欢迎下载使用。
目录
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 题型综述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 题型01 定义法猜词义题3
\l "_Tc148898654" 题型02 对比法猜词义题4
\l "_Tc148898655" 题型03 因果法猜词义题 PAGEREF _Tc148898655 \h 5
\l "_Tc148898656" 题型04 常识联想法猜词义题6
题型05 例举法 \l "_Tc148898656" 猜词义题7
题型06 语境线索法猜词义 \l "_Tc148898656" 题8
题型07 根据构词法知识猜词义 \l "_Tc148898656" 题 PAGEREF _Tc148898656 \h 9
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考练场 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 11
\l "_Tc148898657" 变式演练 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 16
题型简介
词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型。主要考查考生根据上下文语境来推测单词、短语或句子含义的能力。在阅读过程中，考生难免会遇到一些生词或具有特殊含义的词汇，这种题型就是检验考生能否通过文章的线索和逻辑关系来理解这些词汇的真实意思。它不仅要求考生有一定的词汇量，还需要具备较强的语境理解能力。高考英语对于词义猜测题的考查，每年都有一到两题。
该题型涉及的文章体裁丰富多样，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都有可能出现词义猜测题。尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。而且，被猜测的词可能是超纲词，也可能是熟悉词汇的生僻含义。
命题类型
猜测单词的意思：这是最常见的类型，文章中出现一个生词，要求考生根据上下文来猜测其含义。例如，在描述一种新的科学技术的文章中，出现了一个专业术语，通过对该技术的原理、应用场景等周边信息的描述来猜测这个专业术语的意思。
猜测短语的意思：一些由两个或多个单词组成的短语，其含义可能不是各个单词意思的简单相加。比如，“a far - cry frm” 这个短语在句子中的意思需要结合上下文来理解，可能是 “与…… 大不相同” 的意思，而不是从字面理解的 “从远处哭泣”。
猜测句子的含义：要求考生理解一个句子的隐含意义。这个句子可能是含有隐喻、象征等修辞手法，或者是在特定的文化、技术等语境下具有特殊的含义。例如，“The new plicy is the light at the end f the tunnel fr the struggling cmpany.” 这里的句子意思不是简单的字面意思，而是表示 “新政策是这家陷入困境的公司的希望之光”。
解题思路
利用上下文语境：这是最关键的方法。通过观察生词所在句子的前后文，寻找解释、定义、举例、对比、因果等线索。例如，如果句子中有 “that is”“in ther wrds”“namely” 等词，后面的内容很可能是对生词的解释；如果有 “such as”“fr example”，则后面的例子可以帮助我们理解生词的含义。
利用逻辑关系：注意文章中的转折、并列、因果等逻辑关系。如果出现 “but”“hwever” 等转折词，那么生词的意思可能与前面的内容相反；如果是 “and”“als” 等并列词，生词的意思可能与相邻词汇相近。
利用构词法：对于一些有词根、词缀的单词，可以通过分析其词根、词缀来猜测大致意思。例如，“un -” 这个前缀通常表示否定，“pre - ” 表示 “在…… 之前”。但要注意，有些词缀在不同的单词中有不同的意思，而且有些单词不能单纯依靠构词法来准确猜测。
代入验证：将猜测的意思代入原文，看是否符合上下文的逻辑和语境。如果代入后句子通顺，并且与文章的主题、情节等相符，那么这个猜测很可能是正确的。
一般来说，词义猜测题常用解题方法：定义法、对比法、因果法、常识联想法、例举法、语境线索法、构词法等。猜词题可以使用以下口决：
1.指代词：出现指代往前找，单复人物要看好；
2.半熟悉词，利用构词法：半生不熟看构词，结合语境来把持；
3.纯生词，则利用逻辑关系、同义解释、上下文语境：同义语境和逻辑，上下求索寻真义。
命题方式
【常见考法】词义猜测题经常使用的提问方式有：
1) The wrd “ABC” in the passage prbably means ________.
2) The underlined wrd “ABC” in the passage refers t/means _______.
3) Which f the fllwing is clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd in the secnd paragraph？
4) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____．
5) The wrd "it（them）" in the first paragraph refers t ____．
题型01 定义法

有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等来确定词义。有时通过r, that is, that is t say, namely, in ther wrds等来释义。需要解释的单词和短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be cnsidered t be, be called, define, represent, refer t, signify (意味，表明)等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
解这类题时，学生要学会分析句子结构，把握句子的主干部分，利用好一些标识词，然后做出恰当的猜测。
British Paralympic brnze medalist Jhn McFall carried the Paralympic flag at the pening ceremny f the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games. He was ne f nly tw flag bearers t represent the whle Paralympic Games, rather than a specific cuntry.
After underging strict testing, he passed all the evaluatins, prving that an astrnaut with a disability like his culd successfully perate in space, Wired magazine reprted. Althugh he has been referred t as a “parastrnaut”, McFall prefers t be seen simply as a nrmal crew member.
McFall hpes his experience, alng with thse 4,000 athletes at the Paris Paralympic Games, can send an encuraging message t thers facing any kind f life-changing circumstances.
10．Which f the fllwing is clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd in paragraph 4?
A．entrancesB．examinatinsC．questinsD．tracks
【答案】 10．B
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述残奥会铜牌得主McFaⅡ将要成为第一个登上太空的残疾宇航员的故事。
10．词义判断题。根据第四段“After underging strict testing, he passed all the …(经过严格的测试后，他通过了所有的……)”，可知，上文说的是严格的测试，与选项中examinatins的意思接近。故选B。
题型02 对比法

利用前后对比来猜测词义。转折连词“but”、让步状语从句、条件从句和“unlike”, “in spite f”, “n the cntrary”, “n the ther hand”, “hwever”等介词、副词能构成前后意义上的对比关系。而as, like, just as als等词则可以帮助构成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。这些都是我们解决猜词的标识词语。
看准标识词，弄清楚它们的意思，再通过上下文进行猜测。有些是表示相似的标识词，有些是表示相反的标识词。
Fr many peple, the cruelest part f daily life is the transitin between wakefulness and sleep. When yu shuld be sleeping, yu want t be awake; when yu shuld be awake, yu want t stay asleep. It is easy t regard sleep as a trment: hard t attain and then hard t give up, day after day after day.
It is n fresh news t mst peple that adequate sleep imprves well-being. One recent study f mre than 30,000 U. K. residents fund that peple wh increased their quantity f sleep ver a fur-year perid gt abut the same happiness benefits as they wuld have frm eight weeks f therapy, r frm winning up t $280,000 in a lttery. Well-rested peple are mre scial and have mre psitive emtinal experiences with c-wrkers and rmantic partners. Sleep insufficiency, hwever, lwers happiness by weakening emtinal-memry recall and encuraging a scarcity mindset, pitting peple against thers.
32. What des the underlined wrd “trment” mean?
A. Cnsciusness.B. Suffering.C. Refreshment.D. Amusement.
【答案】32. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了睡眠不足带来的影响以及“睡前拖延症”的成因。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。由第一段中“When yu shuld be sleeping, yu want t be awake; when yu shuld be awake, yu want t stay asleep. It is easy t regard sleep as a trment: hard t attain and then hard t give up, day after day after day. (当你应该睡觉的时候，你想醒着；当你应该醒着的时候，你想保持睡眠。人们很容易将睡眠视为一种trment：难以获得，然后难以放弃，日复一日)”可知，日复一日，难以企及，也难以放弃，所以人们很容易将睡眠视为一种折磨，trment的意思是“折磨”，即suffering。故选B项。
题型03 因果法

因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系，一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的，不管生词出现在原因分句还是结果分句，我们都能从因果关系中推出其含义。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。
常见的表示因果关系的词汇：since, as, because, fr, s, thus, cnsequently, therefre, hence, due t, wing t, thanks t, n accunt f, result in, result frm, as a result, fr this reasn, accrdingly, , s that, such ... that等。
在做这类题时，根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思，既可由因推果，也可由果推因。
Fr decades, “simpler is better” has been accepted as a universal truth in marketing. Nick Light, assistant prfessr f marketing at the UO Lundquist Cllege f Business, has tested that assumptin. He fund that mst cnsumers prefer fferings that appear t be easy t use and understand. Hwever, pushing simplicity can have a hidden, cstly dwnside.
“Simplicity is nt a silver bullet,” Light said. This methd might wrk fr established cmpanies with track recrds t back up their claims. But it can be risky fr a start-up with n histry r a cmpany in a cmplicated market categry where failures r breakdwns are mre cmmn.
12. What des the underlined wrds “a silver bullet” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. A risky investment.B. A business strategy.C. A quick-fix methd.D. A cure-all slutin.
【答案】12. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了品牌过度简化可能带来的负面影响和消费者的反应。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Simplicity is nt (简化不是)”，以及“But it can be risky fr a start-up with n histry r a cmpany in a cmplicated market categry where failures r breakdwns are mre cmmn. (但对于没有历史的初创企业或处于复杂市场类别，失败或故障的公司来说，这可能存在风险)”可知，这里simplicity并不是一个能解决所有问题的方案，因此a silver bullet指的是cure-all slutin“万能药”。故选D。
题型04 常识联想法

在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。阅读题文段题材丰富，涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。
解此类阅读题时，也要根据英语国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。
Children are taught that the plite thing t d is always say “please”. Tday’s babies are even taught it using sign language. But hw ften d yu really say “please” in everyday cnversatins? A new research published in Scial Psychlgy Quarterly fund peple used the wrd “please” when making a request nly 7% f the time.
“We definitely were surprised by the results,” says Tanya Stivers, a prfessr f scilgy at University f Califrnia at Ls Angeles and ne f the authrs f the study. “Having such a lw number feels cunterintuitive.”
12. What des the underlined wrd “cunterintuitive” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. The same as the fact.B. Cntrary t cmmn sense.
C. Reasnable t accept.D. Difficult t disagree with.
【答案】12. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于“please”在日常请求中使用情况的研究，介绍了研究结果、原因以及专家对此的看法和建议。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。结合第一段中关于人们使用“please”一词的频率的研究数据和第二段中“We definitely were surprised by the results(我们对结果感到惊讶)”以及“Having such a lw number feels cunterintuitive. (有这么低的数字感觉是_____。)”可知，人们对“please”在日常请求中的使用频率之低感到惊讶，这与人们的普遍预期或直觉是相反的。故划线词cunterintuitive意为“与直觉相反的，违反常理的”，与B项Cntrary t cmmn sense(与常识相反)意思相近。故选B项。
题型05例举法

通过一些例子说明生词的词义, 用such as, fr example, like, fr instance等来引出。在特定的情况下，作者通过一连串同一类型或范畴的词语来表达其思想，如果有一生词就在一系列同范畴的词语中，可以通过这些词的特征和语义范围来推断出生词的词义范围。
解决这类题时，学生要看准表示举例的标识词，除了前面提到的外，还可能有i.e., that is, that is t say等。
Maria is a 10-year-ld elementary schl student wh cmes hme with ringing in her ears — a sign f hearing lss — after attending a prgram in her schl hall. There are “Marias” in every schl in the US. Twenty percent f American kids will suffer permanent hearing lss due t nise by the age f nineteen. Actually nise－induced (噪音诱发的) hearing lss (NIHL) is an epidemic in the US. Nw natinwide there are abut fifty millin peple suffering it.
Each f us has apprximately 18,000 tiny hair cells in ur inner ears that transmit (传输) sund via the auditry nerve (听觉神经) t ur brains. When expsed t dangerusly lud sund, sme f these hair cells becme damaged and die. This is usually pain-free and ften happens s gradually that we are nt aware f ur hearing lss. Then ne day, we wake up and find that we have severely and permanently damaged ur ability t hear.
1．What des the authr mean by saying “There are ‘Marias’ in every schl in the US”？
A．Many girls attend prgrams run by US schls.
B．Maria is a cmmnly used name in the cuntry.
C．Permanent hearing lss is cmmn in US schls.
D．Permanent hearing lss is hard t avid in US schls.
【答案】1．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是噪音诱发的听力损失在美国学生中的普遍现象及其严重性，强调预防措施的重要性以保护听力。
1．句意猜测题。根据第一段“Twenty percent f American kids will suffer permanent hearing lss due t nise by the age f nineteen. Actually nise-induced (噪音诱发的) hearing lss (NIHL) is an epidemic in the US. Nw natinwide there are abut fifty millin peple suffering it.(到19岁时，20%的美国儿童将因噪音而遭受永久性听力损失。实际上，噪音引起的听力损失（NIHL）在美国是一种流行病。现在全国大约有5000万人患有此病)”可知，作者的意思是“听力永久性受损在美国学校里很普遍”。故选C。
题型06语境线索法

根据综合语境，通过一定的语言逻辑关系，加以推理判断，从而理解生词词义。阅读题文段题材丰富。涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。解阅读题时，也要根据英语国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。
这类题型包括文化语境线索、语境标记线索和词汇语境线索。语言标记中的标点符号逗号、分号、破折号、括号，甚至还包括句号，对语境线索的提示作用和句子间的关联作用很重要。
Glass is referred t as a material which can infinitely be recycled withut it impacting its quality, purity r durability. Recycled glass can be crushed int glass pieces, which can be melted dwn and used t prduce mre glass. Glass used fr packaging has a high recycling rate cmpared t ther packaging materials. In Eurpe, the average glass recycling rate is 76%, cmpared t 41% fr plastic packaging and 31% fr wden packaging.
When glass is left in the natural envirnment, it is less likely t cause pllutin than plastic. Unlike plastics, which break dwn int micrplastics that can get int sils and water, glass is nn-txic. “Glass is mainly made f silica, which is a natural substance,” says Franziska Trautmann, the c-funder f Glass Half Full, a New Orleans-based cmpany that recycles glass int sand that can be used fr castal restratin and disaster relief. Silica, als knwn as silica dixide, makes up 59% f the Earth’s crust. Since it is a natural cmpund, there is n cncern abut envirnmental degradatin.
29. What des the underlined wrd in the secnd paragraph prbably mean?
A. Damage.B. Cnservatin.C. Assessment.D. Transfrmatin.
【答案】 29. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玻璃的无限可回收性、对环境的影响及节能再利用的重要性。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中的““Glass is mainly made f silica, which is a natural substance,” says Franziska Trautmann, the c-funder f Glass Half Full, a New Orleans-based cmpany that recycles glass int sand that can be used fr castal restratin and disaster relief. (“玻璃主要由二氧化硅制成，这是一种天然物质，”新奥尔良公司Glass Half Full的联合创始人Franziska Trautmann说。该公司将玻璃回收成沙子，可用于海岸修复和救灾。)”和“Since it is a natural cmpund, there is n cncern abut envirnmental degradatin. (由于它是一种天然化合物，因此无需担心其会造成环境的degradatin。)”可知，玻璃主要是由二氧化硅（一种天然物质）制成的，因此不用担心破坏环境。degradatin的意思是“破坏”。此处应该是指不用担心环境受到损害，A. Damage损坏，破坏；B. Cnservatin保护；C. Assessment评估；D. Transfrmatin转型。故选A。
题型07构词法

在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。
中学英语常见的前缀和后缀有：
super-超;过于inter-互相;在…之间micr-极微小的
re-再, 反复sub-次于..., 在…底下c-共同
pst- (在…之)后pre- (在…之)前trans-超越；转换
under-在之…下；低于；anti-反；防(止)mis-不；非
un/in/im/ir- dis-不；非; 无nn-不；非Sin-中国(人)的
-able可被…的-hd状态；性质；时期-ish如…的；有点儿…的
-prf防…的； 抗…的-ship身份；资格；权力；-sme引起…的;产生…的
-wards向-less不能…的；无…的
学生应该尽可能多记一些前后缀，不要混淆。还有一些常见的前缀或后缀，比如un/in/im/ir- dis-不；非; 无，都可以表示否定，则应该重点记住高中阶段学过的一些词。
It’s tugh enugh t be a wman traveling alne, but ne mm was especially nervus abut taking a trip with her ne-year-ld. Hw wuld she manage in a strange place withut her usual supprt netwrk? What abut the dangers f sl (单独的) travel? These were definitely reasnable cncerns, but this mm fund that peple are smetimes kinder than yu expect them t be.
In a vide n scial media, the wman recunted the many strangers wh helped her while she was traveling alne. Keeping a tddler entertained during a lng trip can be a challenge, s the mm was relieved when ther travelers played with her sn. One elderly man even held the little by n his lap s that he culd see ut the windw!
Obviusly, the biggest cncern fr a wman traveling alne is safety. Luckily, this mm encuntered sme really sweet peple wh were happy t lk ut fr her and her sn. An Uber driver, fr example, didn’t want these tw t be stuck at the statin late at night, s he let them stay in his car until their train arrived.
5. What des the underlined wrd “recunted” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Identified.B. Described.C. Impressed.D. Satisfied.
【答案】 5. B
【导语】这篇文章是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位独自旅行的母亲和她一岁孩子的经历，来展示人们在旅途中的善良和帮助。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段第三句话“Keeping a tddler entertained during a lng trip can be a challenge, s the mm was relieved when ther travelers played with her sn.(在长途旅行中让一个小孩始终觉有趣是一个挑战，所以当其他旅行者和儿子玩耍时，这位妈妈感到松了一口气。)”以及第四句“One elderly man even held the little by n his lap s that he culd see ut the windw! (甚至有位老人把小男孩抱到自己的腿上，这样他就能透过窗户看到外面了！)”可知，这都是这位妈妈在讲述她受他人帮助的经历。所以该词的意思应指讲述。故选B项。
（2025年浦东新区一模）
In the mrning, after it seemed the wrst had passed, a large pine tree crashed nt the rf directly abve my yung sn’s bedrm while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed, but it drve hme the severity f what was happening arund us. My yung daughter held me tightly saying ver and ver, “I’m scared.”
37.What des the underlined sentence in the furth paragraph mean?
A. The family realized the pleasure f playing with LEGOs.
B. The family decided t stay in the huse despite the danger.
C. The family felt alarmed at the sight f the tree crashing dwn.
D. The family became mre at ease abut the situatin at that time.
【答案】 37. C
【37 题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文 “In the mrning, after it seemed the wrst had passed, a large pine tree crashed nt the rf directly abve my yung sn’s bedrm while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed” 可知，在看似最糟糕的情况已经过去的时候，一棵大松树却砸在了儿子卧室上方的屋顶上，尽管儿子没受伤，但这件事让一家人清楚地意识到周围情况的严重性，感到惊恐不安。所以该句意思是这家人看到树倒下时感到惊恐。故选 C。
（2025年浦东新区一模）
In the mrning, after it seemed the wrst had passed, a large pine tree crashed nt the rf directly abve my yung sn’s bedrm while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed, but it drve hme the severity f what was happening arund us. My yung daughter held me tightly saying ver and ver, “I’m scared.”
37.What des the underlined sentence in the furth paragraph mean?
A. The family realized the pleasure f playing with LEGOs.
B. The family decided t stay in the huse despite the danger.
C. The family felt alarmed at the sight f the tree crashing dwn.
D. The family became mre at ease abut the situatin at that time.
【答案】
37. C
【37 题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文 “In the mrning, after it seemed the wrst had passed, a large pine tree crashed nt the rf directly abve my yung sn’s bedrm while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed” 可知，在看似最糟糕的情况已经过去的时候，一棵大松树却砸在了儿子卧室上方的屋顶上，尽管儿子没受伤，但这件事让一家人清楚地意识到周围情况的严重性，感到惊恐不安。所以该句意思是这家人看到树倒下时感到惊恐。故选 C。
（2025年闵行一模）
Every year, millins f tns f clthing are thrwn aside, with almst half f it ending up in landfills. And here's the kicker: mst f it barely gets wrn befre it's thrwn away, thanks t the endless cycle f fast fashin. Park thught, “I can d better than this.” S, she pictured a new kind f stre —— ne that wuldn't just reduce waste but wuld als inspire peple t make smarter, greener chices.
37. The phrase “the kicker” in paragraph 2 mst likely means________.
A. the persn kicking the ftballB. smething unexpected and surprising
C. the mst exciting part f the situatinD. the reasn why fast fashin is successful
【答案】 37. B
【37 题详解】
词义猜测题。前文提到 “Every year, millins f tns f clthing are thrwn aside, with almst half f it ending up in landfills.”（每年数百万吨衣服被丢弃，近一半最终进入垃圾填埋场），接着说 “the kicker: mst f it barely gets wrn befre it's thrwn away, thanks t the endless cycle f fast fashin.”，大多数衣服在几乎没怎么穿就被扔掉，这一情况在 “每年大量衣服被丢弃” 的基础上，是更令人意想不到和惊讶的。所以 “the kicker” 意思是意想不到且令人惊讶的事，答案选 B。
（2025年嘉定一模）
I slid int the car, a bit triumphant. The rads lked fine, I thught, barely an inch f snw, I started the car and pulled ut f the driveway, feeling a surge f independence. But as I made my way thrugh the neighbrhd, the slippery rads tested my cnfidence. One sharp turn later, and f was in truble — the car started t skid. I tried t slw dwn, but it was t late. The car slid right int a snwbank.
37. What des the wrd “triumphant” (paragraph 5) mst likely mean?
A. Amused.B. Prud.C. Embarrassed.D. Regretful.
【答案】37. B
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“After a few heated wrds, he sighed and handed me the keys. ‘Fine, but be careful,’ he said.(激烈地说了几句之后，他叹了口气，把钥匙递给了我。‘很好，但要小心，’他说。)”可知，激烈争辩后父亲让步，故作者应是有些得意。故划线词意思是“得意的”。故选B。
（2025年长宁一模）
We ften picture tday’s teens as scial-media addicts. They stare at their phnes 24/7 and lash ut when they can’t have their WeChat fix. But the truth is mre cmplicated: While they depend n scial media t keep up with friends, it des have a tendency t make them feel helpless under the pressure, and they knw it.
36. The expressin “lash ut” (paragraph 1) can be best replaced by ________.
A. take nB. break awayC. pass ffD. blw up
【答案】36. D
【36题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“We ften picture tday’s teens as scial-media addicts. They stare at their phnes 24/7 (我们经常把今天的青少年描绘成社交媒体成瘾者。他们全天候盯着手机) ”以及“when they can’t have their WeChat fix lash ut(当他们不能安装微信时)”可知，青少年经常使用手机，如果不能安装微信，就会很生气，所以“lash ut”的意思应该是“生气”。A项“take n(承担)”，B项“breakaway(脱离)”，C项“pass ff(停止)”，D项“blw up(爆炸)”。结合选项可知，D项“blw up(爆炸，生气)”符合题意，故答案为D。
（2025年徐汇一模）
Carline Rbbins knew that the first day f schl was very, very imprtant. Why? Because that was the day when yu chse where yu wuld sit fr the entire year. Carline realized that in sme classes this chice wuld be made fr her. The teacher wuld place students in alphabetical (按字母顺序的) rder, meaning she wuld have t sit in frnt f Zach Rdgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Carline, and wuld distract her frm her wrk by passing ntes and telling jkes t impress her. In general, being a Rbbins was pretty gd, but having t sit in frnt f Zach was definitely a drawback.
36. As used in paragraph 1, the wrd “drawback” mst nearly means “_________”.
A. disadvantageB. benefitC. virtueD. withdrawal
【答案】36. A
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“Zach was attracted by Carline, and wuld distract her frm her wrk by passing ntes and telling jkes t impress her. In general, being a Rbbins was pretty gd, but having t sit in frnt f Zach was definitely a drawback. (Zach被Carline吸引，会给她递纸条、讲笑话来吸引她的注意，从而分散她学习的注意力。总的来说，作为Rbbins家族的一员很不错，但是不得不坐在Zach前面绝对是一个drawback)”可知，Zach分散她学习的注意力，坐在Zach前面绝对是一个不利条件或缺点。drawback在此处的意思是“不利条件，缺点”。A. disadvantage缺点，不利条件；B. benefit好处；C. virtue美德；D. withdrawal撤回。故选A。
（2025年徐汇一模）
Carline Rbbins knew that the first day f schl was very, very imprtant. Why? Because that was the day when yu chse where yu wuld sit fr the entire year. Carline realized that in sme classes this chice wuld be made fr her. The teacher wuld place students in alphabetical (按字母顺序的) rder, meaning she wuld have t sit in frnt f Zach Rdgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Carline, and wuld distract her frm her wrk by passing ntes and telling jkes t impress her. In general, being a Rbbins was pretty gd, but having t sit in frnt f Zach was definitely a drawback.
36. As used in paragraph 1, the wrd “drawback” mst nearly means “_________”.
A. disadvantageB. benefitC. virtueD. withdrawal
【答案】36. A
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“Zach was attracted by Carline, and wuld distract her frm her wrk by passing ntes and telling jkes t impress her. In general, being a Rbbins was pretty gd, but having t sit in frnt f Zach was definitely a drawback. (Zach被Carline吸引，会给她递纸条、讲笑话来吸引她的注意，从而分散她学习的注意力。总的来说，作为Rbbins家族的一员很不错，但是不得不坐在Zach前面绝对是一个drawback)”可知，Zach分散她学习的注意力，坐在Zach前面绝对是一个不利条件或缺点。drawback在此处的意思是“不利条件，缺点”。A. disadvantage缺点，不利条件；B. benefit好处；C. virtue美德；D. withdrawal撤回。故选A。
（2025年静安一模）
Urban planners say this mvement, rganized by residents instead f gvernment agencies, culd make “aging in place” safe and affrdable fr a majrity f elderly peple. Althugh nt the cure- all fr thse with cmplicated medical needs, the apprach addresses what experts say can be a premature decisin by lder peple t give up their hmes in respnse t relatively small prblems. As these small prblems munt, smetimes accmpanied by pressure frm adult children, the elderly hmewner is caught ff guard. Remaining at hme withut sufficient help is frightening. “If peple dn’t feel s verpwered, they dn’t have t jump at precipitus decisins. Actually practices like mving int nursing hmes are hard t be reversed,” said an expert.
【答案】 38. C
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Althugh nt the cure — all fr thse with cmplicated medical needs, the apprach addresses what experts say can be a premature decisin by lder peple t give up their hmes in respnse t relatively small prblems. As these small prblems munt, smetimes accmpanied by pressure frm adult children, the elderly hmewner is caught ff guard. Remaining at hme withut sufficient help is frightening. (虽然这种方法并不能解决所有复杂医疗需求的问题，但它解决了专家所说的老年人因相对较小的问题而草
率放弃家园的过早决定。随着这些小问题的不断累积，有时再加上成年子女的压力，老年房主会感到措手不及。没有足够的帮助而留在家里是令人害怕的)”可推测，如果遇到很多问题，老人会仓促作出决定。再根据所在句““If peple dn’t feel s verpwered, they dn’t have t jump at precipitus decisins. Actually practices like mving int nursing hmes are hard t be reversed,” said an expert.(“如果人们不感到那么无助，他们就不必______ 做出决定。实际上，像搬进养老院这样的做法是很难逆转的，”一位专家说)”可推测，划线单词和“仓促间”意思相符。选项C“rushed(匆忙)”与此意义相近。故选C。
（2025年奉贤一模）
Hennig Brand’s accidental discvery f phsphrus in 1669 was mre than just finding a new element; it marked the end f the era f the perid f magic chemistry and the beginning f mdern chemistry. Brand’s phsphrus, nce sught as a means t wealth, became a crnerstne in the field f science, a clear demnstratin f pwer f curisity and the unexpected paths that can lead t enlightenment.
38. The underlined wrd “crnerstne” in the last paragraph is clsest in meaning t ________.
A. mysteryB. symblC. bstacleD. fundatin
【答案】 38. D
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“it marked the end f the era f the perid f magic chemistry and the beginning f mdern chemistry.(它标志着神奇化学时代的结束和现代化学的开始)”以及后文“in the field f science”可知，磷的发现标志着神奇化学时代的结束和现代化学的开始，说明是科学领域的基础。故划线词crnerstne意思是“基础”，与fundatin意思相近。故选D。
（2025年崇明一模）
The findings reveal a discncerting disparity: natins within the trpical (热带的) regins, which have cntributed least t histrical carbn emissins, are predicted t suffer incme lsses 60% greater than thse in higher-incme, higher-emissin cuntries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-develped natins pssess fewer resurces t adapt t increasing climate impacts.
44. By “a discncerting disparity” in paragraph 4, the authr means _____.
A. pr cuntries least respnsible fr emissin will suffer mst in ecnmy
B. it is prjected that peple in trpical cuntries will earn 60% less by 2050
C. higher-incme cuntries are reluctant t invest in slwing glbal warming
D. higher-emissin cuntries are trying t justify their rle in climate impacts
【答案】 44. A
44. 词义猜测题：根据第三段 “natins within the trpical regins, which have cntributed least t histrical carbn emissins, are predicted t suffer incme lsses 60% greater than thse in higher - incme, higher - emissin cuntries” 可知，“a discncerting disparity” 指的是对排放责任最小的贫穷国家在经济上遭受的损失最大，A 选项正确。B 选项理解错误，不是热带国家人们收入减少 60%，而是遭受的收入损失比高收入、高排放国家大 60%；C 选项和 D 选项文中未提及相关内容。所以答案是 A。
（2025年金山一模）
Jennifer Blackburn is a 49-year-ld wh has fllwed decades f trying different diets and medicatins and finding little success. In late 2022 she started taking Ozempic, the diabetes (糖尿病) drug that has becme synnymus with celebrity weight lss. The effect is life-changing.
43. Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t the underlined phrase in paragraph 1?
A. be keen nB. be equivalent tC. be suitable frD. be familiar with
【答案】43. B
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“The effect is life-changing.(其效果是改变生活)”以及最后一段“Jennifer Blackburn has lst 16 kilgrams (and kept it ff). “I feel happier, mre cnfident.” says Black burn, “It’s abut much mre than size-it’s like the weight is lifted ff my shulders.”(Jennifer Blackburn已经减掉了16公斤（并一直保持着）。“我感到更快乐，更自信。” Blackburn说：“这不仅仅是体型的问题——它就像卸下了我肩上的重担。”)”及倒数第二段“Despite all these, since lads f influencers have cheered their slimming successes n these drugs, it seems everybdy wants t try them.(尽管如此，由于许多网红都为他们服用这些药物减肥成功而欢呼，似乎每个人都想尝试它们)”可知，Jennifer Blackburn因为服用Ozempic减掉了16公斤，且许多网红都服用药物成功，这种药物如今已经成为名人减肥的代名词。故划线词意思是“等同于，相当于”。故选B。
（2025年虹口一模）
But trade-ffs exist. Given peple’s anxiety abut math and level f mathematical ability, there is an upper limit when cmmunicating these kinds f details. In past research, it was fund that peple find numbers helpful, s lng as there aren’t t many f them. N hard-and-fast rule suggests hw many is t many-it depends n the cmplexity f the tpic, peple’s familiarity with the subject and their verall numeracy. Cmmunicatrs therefre need t knw and attend t their audience: if a speaker sees smene lking bred, fr example, it’s a sign t back ff n the numbers.
44. Which f the fllwing best fits the descriptin f “trade-ffs” (paragraph 4)?
A. Numbers cause difficulties in understanding the matter.
B. Peple find the subject being talked abut unfamiliar.
C. It takes time t cnfirm the precisin f all numbers.
D. Peple tend t hld mre debates abut the tpic
【答案】 44. A
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“But trade-ffs exist. Given peple’s anxiety abut math and level f mathematical ability, there is an upper limit when cmmunicating these kinds f details.(但存在trade-ffs。考虑到人们对数学的焦虑和数学能力水平，在传达这类细节时存在一个上限)”可知，由于人们的数学焦虑和数学能力水平，会导致存在理解上的困难或限制。trade-ffs指的就是在使用数字进行传播时，由于人们的数学焦虑和数学能力水平，数字会在理解问题上造成了困难。故选A项。
（2025年青浦一模）

40. Accrding t “Special Offers & Prmtins”, if yu have a prmtin cde, yu can ______.
A. enjy a Member discuntB. get free gift wrap
C. ask fr shpping bagD. cancel previus rders
41. The underlined wrd “incur” in “Shipping Offers” sectin is clsest in meaning t “______”.
A. reduce B. insure C. cause D. spare
42. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing services can custmers enjy?
A. They can return and exchange sme clearance prducts.
B. They can be sure t get the same free gift fr each rder they place.
C. They can have discunted r free standard shipping t any U.S. addresses.
D. They can enjy sme discunted prducts when buying the required number f items.
答案 41.A 42. C 43. D
文章大意
本文是关于商品促销活动的说明，涵盖了促销代码使用规则、各类产品优惠、运费优惠、免费礼品以及清仓商品等方面的信息。促销代码使用有诸多限制，如一次订单仅能用一个（特殊情况除外），不能用于之前的购买等。产品优惠需按规定数量购买才能享受折扣。运费优惠仅适用于美国本土 48 个州。免费礼品需按要求添加到购物袋并输入促销代码（如有要求），且数量有限。清仓商品不享受会员折扣、其他促销优惠，且一经售出，概不退换。
答案解析
40 题 答案：A
解析：根据 “Prmtins d nt apply t... unless specified therwise, cannt be cmbined with ther ffers r discunts, except a Member discunt.” 可知，使用促销代码时，除了会员折扣外，不能与其他优惠或折扣同时使用，所以使用促销代码可以享受会员折扣，A 选项正确。文中未提及使用促销代码能获得免费礼品包装（B 选项）、索要购物袋（C 选项）以及取消之前订单（D 选项），所以这三个选项错误。
41 题 答案：C
解析：“Shipping Offers” 部分提到 “Discunted r free standard shipping is available nly t shipping addresses within the lwer 48 United States. Orders shipping t US addresses in Hawaii, Alaska, APO/FPO, US Territries, and t all ther cuntries will incur shipping charges.”，前面说美国本土 48 个州有折扣或免费标准运费，后面提到夏威夷、阿拉斯加等地区及其他国家，语境表明这些地区的订单会产生运费，“cause” 有 “导致；引起” 的意思，与 “incur” 意思最接近，即这些地区的订单会 “导致” 运费产生，C 选项正确。A 选项 “reduce” 意为 “减少”，与文意不符；B 选项 “insure” 意为 “确保；给…… 保险”，不符合语境；D 选项 “spare” 意为 “节省；抽出”，也不合适。
42 题 答案：D
解析：从 “Prduct Offers” 部分 “Fr prducts that advertise a discunt when buying a specific number f items (such as fr a set f fur mugs), yu must add the crrect quantity t yur shpping bag t receive the discunt.” 可知，当购买特定数量的商品时，顾客可以享受一些折扣产品，D 选项正确。A 选项，根据 “Clearance items are... final sale and cannt be returned r exchanged.” 可知，清仓商品不能退换，A 选项错误；B 选项，“Free Gifts” 部分提到 “Please nte that free gifts will be available while supplies last; cmparable items may be substituted.”，说明免费礼品数量有限且可能会被替换，不能确保每次下单都能得到相同的免费礼品，B 选项错误；C 选项，“Shipping Offers” 部分明确 “Discunted r free standard shipping is available nly t shipping addresses within the lwer 48 United States.”，并非所有美国地址都能享受折扣或免费标准运费，C 选项错误。
重点词块
prmtin cde：促销代码
crrespnding field：相应字段
minimum rder ttal：最低订单总额
shipping / handling：运费 / 手续费
gift wrap charges：礼品包装费用
subject t：取决于；视…… 而定
sitewide prmtin：全站促销
cmparable item：类似商品
substitute：替代；替换
复杂句式
1. Only ne cde can be entered per rder unless specified therwise; cdes cannt be applied t prir purchases, minimum rder ttal requirements (excluding tax, shipping /handling, and gift wrap charges) must be met fr each rder, and the cde must nt be past due.
分析：此句由多个并列分句组成。第一个分句 can be entered per “Only ne cde rder unless specified therwise”，其中 “unless specified therwise” 为条件状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为 “unless it is specified therwise”，表示 “除非另有规定”；第二个分句 “cdes cannt be applied t prir purchases”；第三个分句 “minimum rder ttal requirements (excluding tax, shipping /handling, and gift wrap charges) must be met fr each rder”，括号内 “excluding tax, shipping /handling, and gift wrap charges” 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “minimum rder ttal requirements”；第四个分句 “the cde must nt be past due”。
翻译：除非另有规定，每个订单仅能输入一个代码；代码不能应用于之前的购买，每个订单必须满足最低订单总额要求（不包括税费、运费 / 手续费和礼品包装费用），且代码不得过期。
2. Prmtins d nt apply t the purchase f Museum Admissin, Museum Memberships, Met Custm Prints, dnatins, prir purchases, clearance prducts, r select items, including fine jewelry, and unless specified therwise, cannt be cmbined with ther ffers r discunts, except a Member discunt.
分析：句子的主体是 “Prmtins d nt apply t...”，列举了促销不适用于的多种情况，“including fine jewelry” 为现在分词短语作后置定语，对 “select items” 进行举例说明；“and unless specified therwise, cannt be cmbined with ther ffers r discunts, except a Member discunt” 中，“and” 连接前后两个并列部分，“unless specified therwise” 为条件状语从句的省略形式，“except a Member discunt” 表示 “除了会员折扣”。
翻译：促销不适用于购买博物馆门票、博物馆会员资格、大都会定制印刷品、捐赠、之前的购买、清仓产品或精选商品，包括精美珠宝，并且除非另有规定，不能与其他优惠或折扣同时使用，但会员折扣除外。
3. Fr prducts that advertise a discunt when buying a specific number f items (such as fr a set f fur mugs), yu must add the crrect quantity t yur shpping bag t receive the discunt.
分析：“Fr prducts that...” 为介词短语作状语，其中 “that advertise a discunt when buying a specific number f items” 为定语从句，修饰 “prducts”，“when buying a specific number f items” 为时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为 “when yu buy a specific number f items”；主句为 “yu must add the crrect quantity t yur shpping bag t receive the discunt”，“t receive the discunt” 为动词不定式作目的状语。
翻译：对于那些宣传购买特定数量商品（如一套四个马克杯）可享受折扣的产品，您必须将正确数量的商
（2025年松江一模）
After a lng jurney, I finally gt t the hspital. Lying n the examinatin table while facing the painfully bright ceiling lights, I fidgeted, desperately trying t ignre the upsetting part f the situatin. I attempted t fcus n staying warm in the cld rm, but what happened days ag kept running thrugh my head — the intense pain, the verpwering fear, and the panicky steps in the Emergency Rm. I was tld I had brken a backbne. I nw smiled recalling the inncence f my respnse: “D I have t wear a supprt when I play ftball? ”
I had waited fr three mnths t find ut whether I culd play ftball again, but the thught f waiting anther five minutes seemed impssible. Then Dr. Pittinger entered. He was friendly, but nticeably uncmfrtable, almst sad. He tld me that I wuld never be able t play ftball again.
The realizatin sank in immediately. I wasn’t surprised, r at least I shuldn’t have been, but that didn’t make the rder any easier. I refused t accept the idea, and fr mnths I cntinued t exercise. I wrked ut frm five t six every mrning. Thugh I was ashamed t wear the supprt, I wre it devtedly, with sme false hpe that the mre I wre it, the quicker and better it wuld heal the backbne.
I was determined t play again.
The fact is that, just as the dctr rdered, I never played anther quarter f ftball. After nights f cming hme frm exercising, barely able t walk, I finally gave in. Fr a while, giving up felt like an admitting f defeat rather than the acceptance f a truth that shuld have been painfully bvius, but ver time, I realized like mst difficult decisins I have made and will have t make, life wuld g n. Rather than stick t the undeniably unattainable, I understd thugh this particular ptin was n lnger pen t me, I had cuntless thers t make in its place.
And by the way, I’m a five-star ftball cach nw.
36. The wrd “fidgeted” in paragraph 1 mst prbably means “________”.
A. felt terribly bred.B. lay quietly and calmly.
C. was extremely grateful.D. made slight, anxius mvements.
37. The underlined sentence in paragraph 2 indicates the writer’s ________.
A. slw but steady recvery.B. eagerness t get the dctr’s answer.
C. frequent visits t the hspital.D. emtinal change after the accident.
38. What did the writer give up in the end?
A. Trusting the dctr.B. Exercising in the gym.
C. Fcusing n the impssible.D. Putting everything in place.
39. What’s the message mainly cnveyed in the passage?
A. Ignring failures is the key t a fulfilling life.
B. There are tw ways fr everyne t live his life.
C. Sme peple in the wrld live with physical pain.
D. We shuld accept life as it is and live t the fullest.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者脊柱受伤后被医生告知再也无法踢足球，作者无法接受，坚持戴着支架锻炼，但情况并没有好转，后来作者接受了这一残酷事实，并意识到自己还有许多其他选择，他现在成了一名五星级足球教练。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句的“desperately trying t ignre the upsetting part f the situatin(拼命地试图忽视这种令人不安的情况)”可知，作者躺在检查台上，感到非常不安，由此可推测出，作者因为焦虑而无所适从，fidgeted意为“坐立不安，手足无措”，与D项“制造轻微的、焦虑的动作”意思一致。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段画线句“I had waited fr three mnths t find ut whether I culd play ftball again, but the thught f waiting anther five minutes seemed impssible.(为了知道我是否还能再踢足球，我已经等了三个月，但再等五分钟的想法似乎是不可能的。)”和下面的“Then Dr. Pittinger entered. He was friendly, but nticeably uncmfrtable, almst sad. He tld me that I wuld never be able t play ftball again.(然后皮廷格医生走了进来。他很友好，但明显不舒服，几乎很悲伤。他告诉我，我再也不能踢足球了。)”可知，为了知道自己是否能够继续踢足球，作者已经等了三个月了，此刻在医院连五分钟也等不下去了，这时医生进来告诉他不能踢足球了，由此可推测出，作者特别想要知道医生的回答。故选B。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Rather than stick t the undeniably unattainable, I understd thugh this particular ptin was n lnger pen t me, I had cuntless thers t make in its place.(我没有坚持不可否认的不可实现的目标，而是明白虽然这个特定的选择不再对我开放，但我还有无数其他选择可以代替它。)”可知，作者不再坚持不可能实现的事情，而是决定寻找替代选项，由此可推测出，作者最后不再把注意力放在不可能的事情上。故选C。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段中的“Fr a while, giving up felt like an admitting f defeat rather than the acceptance f a truth that shuld have been painfully bvius, but ver time, I realized like mst difficult decisins I have made and will have t make, life wuld g n. Rather than stick t the undeniably unattainable, I understd thugh this particular ptin was n lnger pen t me, I had cuntless thers t make in its place.(有一段时间，放弃感觉像是承认失败，而不是接受一个本应显而易见的事实，但随着时间的推移，我意识到，就像我所做和将要做的最艰难的决定一样，生活仍将继续。我没有坚持不可否认的不可实现的目标，而是明白虽然这个特定的选择不再对我开放，但我还有无数其他选择可以代替它。)”可知，作者脊柱受伤，被诊断出无法再继续踢足球，但作者无法接受这一现实，而是努力锻炼，但最终情况并没有改善，作者意识到生活仍然要继续下去，接受了现状，寻找其他机会，后来成了一名五星级的足球教练。作者虽然不能再踢足球，但作者接受了生活的馈赠，同样活出了精彩，他的故事告诉我们，要接受生活的本来面目，充实地生活。故选D。
（2025年宝山一模）
Wrld Hunger Day is abut celebrating slutins that keep peple frm suffering r dying due t lack f fd. Read abut sme causes and als sme f the effrts being made t stp this wrldwide prblem.
Why, in a wrld where we technically prduce enugh fd t feed everyne, d millins f peple g t bed hungry each night? The statistics are tragic, and such a cntradictin shuld have n place in ur mdern wrld.
The UN's secnd sustainability gal, "Zer Hunger," is an ambitius plan t end hunger in the wrld by 2030. Hwever, the glbal scale f the hunger staggers the imaginatin, and it's getting wrse. Accrding t Wrld Visin, as many as 828 millin peple, r 10% f the glbal ppulatin, are suffering frm fd insecurity. What are the driving frces behind this stubbrn blight (疫病) f hunger?
Armed cnflict is ne. It frces peple frm their hmes, ruins ecnmies and turns millins f peple int refugees wh becme reliant n aid, and luck, fr their daily needs.
Extreme weather events - like drughts, flding, hurricanes and cyclnes - als drive wrld hunger by destrying hmes and making farmland unusable.
Finally, arund 30 percent f the wrld's fd is lst r wasted annually. Fd lss ccurs when fd is damaged r spiled while mving thrugh the supply chain. Fd waste happens when individuals, supermarkets r restaurants buy mre fd than they need and thrw away the excess (超过).
Wrld Hunger Day, which is tday, isn't just abut bad news. Funded in 2011 by The Hunger Prject, Wrld Hunger Day is als abut celebrating slutins that will eliminate starvatin.
In Africa, The Hunger Prject has been wrking t encurage mre sustainable and efficient farming methds. Fr example, by diversifying their crps, farmers will have healthier sil. Furthermre, since farmers need access t safe, clean water, The Hunger Prject teaches peple hw t mnitr, maintain and repair water systems such as water pumps. The UN Wrld Fd Prgramme aids farmers by helping them cnnect t lcal ecnmies, imprve prductin methds and reduce crp lsses. And, fr wmen wh are pregnant r nursing and fr children, they prvide special fds like nutrient-rich peanut paste.
S what can yu d t help rt ut wrld hunger? Aside frm striving t reduce yur fd waste, keep educating yurself and thers abut the issue. Lk fr pprtunities t feed the hungry in yur wn cmmunities. There are sme fantastic rganizatins such as SALT Cllectiv, wh regularly rganize and crdinate events t help rphans and feed the hungry. Each step, each chice, each vice can help make hunger a thing f the past.
43. The wrd stagger in the third paragraph mst prbably means ______.
A. shck B. imprve C. restrictD. affect
The purpse f the passage is ______.
t bjectively analyze the reasns f starvatin
t seriusly warn peple f the starvatin
t encurage peple t fight against hunger
t think highly f the effrt t try t get rid f hunger
What can we infer frm the passage?
Hunger will becme a thing f the past.
Starvatin exists mainly in Africa.
Peple wh need fd may get it arund themselves.
It is impssible t get rid f starvatin in the wrld.
Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
The Cause f Starvatin
The March tward Zer Hunger
The Slutin t Starvatin
The Cnsequence f Hunger
【答案】 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B
【导读】
本文围绕世界饥饿问题展开，首先指出在全球粮食产量理论上足够的情况下，仍有大量人口面临饥饿的矛盾现状，接着分析了导致饥饿的原因，如武装冲突、极端天气和食物浪费等。同时介绍了世界饥饿日及其所倡导的解决饥饿问题的措施，像非洲实施可持续农业方法、联合国世界粮食计划署提供援助等，最后呼吁人们行动起来，共同对抗饥饿。
【解析】
43. 词义猜测题：根据第三段 “The UN's secnd sustainability gal, 'Zer Hunger,' is an ambitius plan t end hunger in the wrld by 2030. Hwever, the glbal scale f the hunger staggers the imaginatin, and it's getting wrse.” 可知，联合国虽有消除饥饿的目标，但全球饥饿的规模与之形成反差且愈发严重，这种情况应是令人震惊的。“imprve” 意为 “改善”；“restrict” 意为 “限制”；“affect” 意为 “影响”，均不符合此处语境。“shck” 有 “使震惊” 之意，符合语境，所以答案是 A。
44. 目的意图题：文章不仅分析了饥饿的原因，还强调了为解决饥饿问题所做的努力和解决方案。文章的基调是积极的，鼓励人们参与到抗击饥饿的行动中来，因此正确答案是D. t think highly f the effrt t try t get rid f hunger（高度评价努力消除饥饿的努力）。
45. 推理判断题：根据最后一段 “Lk fr pprtunities t feed the hungry in yur wn cmmunities. There are sme fantastic rganizatins such as SALT Cllectiv, wh regularly rganize and crdinate events t help rphans and feed the hungry.” 可知，有组织在社区开展帮助饥饿人群的活动，由此可推断需要食物的人可能在自己周边获得食物，C 选项正确。A 选项 “饥饿将成为过去” 过于绝对，文中只是呼吁努力让饥饿成为过去，但未表明一定会实现；B 选项 “饥饿主要存在于非洲”，文中提到全球都有饥饿问题，并非主要在非洲；D 选项 “在世界上消除饥饿是不可能的” 与文章倡导的努力消除饥饿相悖。所以答案是 C。
46. 主旨大意题：文章围绕消除饥饿这一主题，既提到了饥饿问题及原因，也介绍了为实现 “零饥饿” 目标所做的努力和人们应采取的行动，“The March tward Zer Hunger”（迈向零饥饿）能很好地概括文章内容，B 选项正确。A 选项 “饥饿的原因” 和 C 选项 “饥饿的解决办法” 都只是文章部分内容；D 选项 “饥饿的后果” 文中未提及。所以答案是 B。
【重点词块】
sustainability gal 可持续发展目标
armed cnflict 武装冲突
extreme weather events 极端天气事件
fd insecurity 粮食不安全
supply chain 供应链
sustainable farming methds 可持续农业方法
diversify crps 使农作物多样化
rt ut 根除
strive t 努力做……
【复杂句式】
1. “Why, in a wrld where we technically prduce enugh fd t feed everyne, d millins f peple g t bed hungry each night?”
分析：这是一个特殊疑问句，“in a wrld where we technically prduce enugh fd t feed everyne” 是地点状语，其中 “where we technically prduce enugh fd t feed everyne” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “wrld”。句子主干是 “Why d millins f peple g t bed hungry each night?”，正常语序为 “Millins f peple g t bed hungry each night in a wrld where we technically prduce enugh fd t feed everyne. Why?”，这里将 “in a wrld...” 提前，是为了强调这种矛盾的情境。
翻译：为什么在一个理论上我们生产的食物足以养活所有人的世界里，每天晚上仍有数百万人饿着肚子上床睡觉呢？
2. “Armed cnflict is ne. It frces peple frm their hmes, ruins ecnmies and turns millins f peple int refugees wh becme reliant n aid, and luck, fr their daily needs.”
分析：前一句 “Armed cnflict is ne.” 是简单句，表明武装冲突是导致饥饿的一个原因。后一句是一个复合句，“It frces peple frm their hmes, ruins ecnmies and turns millins f peple int refugees” 是并列的谓语结构，描述武装冲突带来的一系列后果，“wh becme reliant n aid, and luck, fr their daily needs” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “refugees”，说明难民对援助和运气的依赖。
翻译：武装冲突是（导致饥饿的原因）之一。它迫使人们背井离乡，破坏经济，并使数百万人沦为难民，这些难民依赖援助和运气来满足他们的日常需求。
3. “Finally, arund 30 percent f the wrld's fd is lst r wasted annually. Fd lss ccurs when fd is damaged r spiled while mving thrugh the supply chain. Fd waste happens when individuals, supermarkets r restaurants buy mre fd than they need and thrw away the excess.”
分析：第一句是简单句，说明全球食物损失和浪费的比例。第二句是复合句，“when fd is damaged r spiled while mving thrugh the supply chain” 是时间状语从句，描述食物损失发生的情况。第三句同样是复合句，“when individuals, supermarkets r restaurants buy mre fd than they need and thrw away the excess” 是时间状语从句，阐述食物浪费发生的情形，其中 “than they need” 是比较状语从句。
翻译：最后，全球每年约有 30% 的食物损失或浪费。食物损失发生在食物在供应链流转过程中受损或变质的时候。当个人、超市或餐馆购买的食物超过他们的需求并扔掉多余的部分时，就会发生食物浪费。
4. “In Africa, The Hunger Prject has been wrking t encurage mre sustainable and efficient farming methds. Fr example, by diversifying their crps, farmers will have healthier sil. Furthermre, since farmers need access t safe, clean water, The Hunger Prject teaches peple hw t mnitr, maintain and repair water systems such as water pumps.”
分析：第一句是简单句，“has been wrking” 是现在完成进行时，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，说明 “饥饿项目” 一直在努力鼓励采用可持续和高效的农业方法。第二句是简单句，“by diversifying their crps” 是方式状语，表明通过多样化种植农作物来实现土壤更健康的方式。第三句是复合句，“since farmers need access t safe, clean water” 是原因状语从句，说明 “饥饿项目” 教人们如何监测、维护和修理水系统的原因。
翻译：在非洲，“饥饿项目” 一直在努力鼓励采用更可持续和高效的农业方法。例如，通过使农作物多样化，农民将拥有更健康的土壤。此外，由于农民需要获得安全、清洁的水，“饥饿项目” 教人们如何监测、维护和修理水泵等水系统。
Special Offers & Prmtins
If yu have a prmtin cde, simply enter it in the crrespnding field at the Shpping Bag page r Order Review page. Only ne cde can be entered per rder unless specified therwise; cdes cannt be applied t prir purchases, minimum rder ttal requirements (excluding tax, shipping /handling, and gift wrap charges) must be met fr each rder, and the cde must nt be past due. All ffers are subject t change r cancellatin withut ntice.
Prmtins d nt apply t the purchase f Museum Admissin, Museum Memberships, Met Custm Prints, dnatins, prir purchases, clearance prducts, r select items, including fine jewelry, and unless specified therwise, cannt be cmbined with ther ffers r discunts, except a Member discunt.
Prduct Offers
Fr prducts that advertise a discunt when buying a specific number f items (such as fr a set f fur mugs), yu must add the crrect quantity t yur shpping bag t receive the discunt. If yu purchase additinal units abve the discunted quantity, yu will be charged the individual item price fr thse items.
Shipping Offers
Discunted r free standard shipping is available nly t shipping addresses within the lwer 48 United States. Orders shipping t US addresses in Hawaii, Alaska, APO/FPO, US Territries, and t all ther cuntries will incur shipping charges.
Free Gifts
Fr gifts with purchase prmtins, yu must add the free gift item t yur shpping bag, and then enter the prmtin cde at checkut (if required). Please nte that free gifts will be available while supplies last; cmparable items may be substituted. Gifts with purchase prmtins are netime use nly, and nly ne prmtin cde can be used per rder.
Clearance, Sale, and Special Values
Savings ff riginal, regular, and/r already-reduced prices. Clearance items are nt qualified fr Member discunt, sitewide prmtins, discunts, and/r ther ffers. All clearance merchandise is final sale and cannt be returned r exchanged.
Yur purchase supprts The Met’s cllectin, study, cnservatin, and presentatin f 5,000 years f art.