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展开 这是一份新人教版选择性必修第一册 Unit 1-2知识清单+高考真题链接【2026年新人教高考英语一轮复习教材梳理学案】(解析版+原卷版),文件包含新人教版选择性必修第一册Unit1-2知识清单+高考真题链接2026年新人教高考英语一轮复习教材梳理学案原卷版docx、新人教版选择性必修第一册Unit1-2知识清单+高考真题链接2026年新人教高考英语一轮复习教材梳理学案解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共50页, 欢迎下载使用。
课文复述,语境识词
请根据所学课文,用课文原词填空。
With technlgies first 1 and develped fr space explratin, we can slve sme f the big prblems 2 mankind, 3 urselves safer and easier. One f these is earthquake shck absrbers. Sme technlgies need further research t 4 slve real-life prblems.
Althugh space explratin 5 huge investment, the space industry can actually bring great 6 value. It has been calculated 7 the glbal space ecnmy is increasing 8 billins f dllars every year. At the same time, space explratin can prvide a 9 f career pprtunities fr yung peple. Jbs in the space industry g far 10 the astrnauts that receive widespread media cverage. There are many supprt staff n the grund, such as engineers, mechanics and research assistants.
【答案】
1.researched 2.facing 3.making 4.better 5.demands 6.ecnmic 7.that 8.by 9.variety 10.beynd
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索的重要性。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:依靠为太空探索首次而研究和开发的技术,我们可以解决人类面临的一些大问题,使我们自己变得更加安全、更加轻松。此处表示“研究”为动词research作宾语补足语,和technlgies是被动关系,应用过去分词作宾语,故填researched。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:依靠为太空探索首次而研究和开发的技术,我们可以解决人类面临的一些大问题,使我们自己变得更加安全、更加轻松。此处表示“面对”,为动词face,是非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰prblems,二者之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作定语,故填facing。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:依靠为太空探索首次而研究和开发的技术,我们可以解决人类面临的一些大问题,使我们自己变得更加安全、更加轻松。此处表示“使,让”,应用动词make,是非谓语动词作状语,和前面的句子是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填making。
4.考查副词。句意:有些技术需要进一步研究才能更好地解决实际问题。此处表示“更好地”,为副词better作状语,修饰动词slve,故填better。
5.考查动词。句意:尽管太空探索需要巨额投资,但航天产业实际上可以带来巨大的经济价值。此处表示“需要”,为动词demand作谓语,句中描述一般性事实,应用一般现在时,主语是space explratin,谓语动词应用三单形式,故填demands。
6.考查形容词。句意:尽管太空探索需要巨额投资,但航天产业实际上可以带来巨大的经济价值。此处表示“经济的”,应用形容词ecnmic作定语,修饰名词value,故填ecnmic。
7.考查主语从句。句意:据估计,全球太空经济每年增长数十亿美元。空处引导主语从句,it是形式主语,从句句意完整且不缺少任何成分,应用无任何意义只起连接作用的that引导,故填that。
8.考查固定搭配。句意:据估计,全球太空经济每年增长数十亿美元。increase by固定搭配,意为“增长了”,故填by。
9.考查名词。句意:同时,太空探索可以为年轻人提供多种职业机会。此处表示“多种的”,为固定搭配a variety f,故填variety。
10.考查介词。句意:航天工业中的就业机会远不止受到媒体广泛报道的宇航员。此处表示“远远超过”为固定搭配g far beynd,故填beynd。
考点精讲
知识点
cmmit vt.做出(错或非法的事);犯(罪或错等);承诺;保证;花(钱或时间)
vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(cmmitted adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的
cmmitment n.投入;奉献;承诺)
(1)This requires (cmmit)t a particular ccupatin,branch f study r research.
(2)我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语,这将逐渐提高你的英语口语。
I strngly suggest ,which will gradually imprve yur spken English.
(3)我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误,满脸窘得通红。(读后续写之尴尬心理描写)
I ,my face red with embarrassment.
(4)他渴望被这所著名的研究院录取,因此,他每天都致力于学习。
He desires t be admitted t the famus academy and as a cnsequence, .
答案:(1)cmmitment (2)that yu (shuld) cmmit ne hur t reading/read English every day (3)I cmmitted a silly mistake in frnt f s many peple (4)he is cmmitted t studying hard n a daily basis.
【高考真题链接】
2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷(填空题):
Students shuld cmmit themselves t _______ (master) basic skills rather than pursuing difficult knwledge blindly.
答案:mastering
解析:本题考查cmmit neself t (ding) sth. 固定搭配,t为介词,后接动名词形式,故填mastering,句意“学生应致力于掌握基础知识,而非盲目追求难题”。)
acknwledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
(1)Tm acknwledged (defeat) in the English speech cmpetitin,which made us quite depressed.
(2) Prfessr Yang Zhenning (acknwledge) ne f the wrld’s greatest physicists.
(3)我感谢我的英语老师,没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。
I ,withut whm I culdn’t have made such great prgress in English.
(4)大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义,并且充满激情。
It that the film is nt nly instructive but als full f passin.
答案:
(1) being defeated/having been defeated (2) is acknwledged as (3) I acknwledge my English teacher (4)It is universally/widely acknwledged
【高考真题链接】
2023·浙江卷(选择题):
The scientist finally acknwledged _______ his earlier thery had sme flaws after new evidence appeared.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
答案:A
解析:本题考查acknwledge后接宾语从句的用法,从句“his earlier thery had sme flaws”句意完整、成分齐全,需用that引导,that可省略,故选A,句意“新证据出现后,这位科学家最终承认他之前的理论存在一些缺陷”。
insist vt.& vi.坚持;坚决要求
The fficer insisted that he (fine)fr breaking rules.
She insisted that she (see) the suspect befre..
(2)只有当我们坚持经常锻炼身体我们才能保持身心健康。
We can keep physically and mentally healthy nly when .(insist n)
(3)My mther insists that I _______ (g) t bed befre 11 ’clck every night.
答案:
(1) (shuld) be fined ; had seen
(2)we insist n wrking ut regularly;
(3)(shuld) g
【高考真题链接】
2025·北京卷模拟(选择题):
He insisted n _______ the truth, even thugh n ne believed him at first.
A.tell B. telling C. t tell D. tld
答案:B
解析:本题考查insist n (ding) sth. 固定搭配,n为介词,后接动名词,故选B,句意“尽管起初没人相信他,他仍坚持说出真相”。
cnclusin n.结论;推论(cnclude vt.断定;推断出)
(1)The famus nvelist (cnclude) his speech a distinguished saying “Where there is a will,there is a way.”
(2)总之,你的切实可行的建议一定可以使我们关于中国传统文化的主题班会吸引更多的外国人。
(cnclude) ,yur practical suggestins are bund t make ur theme class meeting abut traditinal Chinese cultures appeal t mre freigners.
(3)我从自己的经历中得出结论:“没有付出就没有收获。”
①I ,“N pains,n gains.”(cnclude)
②I ,“N pains,n gains.”(cnclusin)
答案:(1)cncluded with (2)In cnclusin (3)cncluded frm my wn experience;
came t/reached/arrived at/drew a cnclusin frm my wn experience
【高考真题链接】
(模拟题)After careful discussin, the cmmittee finally _______ a cnclusin that the prject shuld be carried ut.
drew B. made C. did D. tk
答案:A
解析:“得出结论”的固定搭配为draw/reach/cme t a cnclusin,故选A。
2023·全国乙卷(翻译题):
总之,你的建议对我们的校园活动非常有价值。
答案:In cnclusin, yur suggestins are f great value t ur campus activities.
解析:考查固定短语in cnclusin及“be f great value”表“非常有价值”的用法,符合书面表达规范。
circumstance n.(usually pl.)条件;环境;状况
(1)我决不放弃创办一家公司的目标,因此,如果条件允许的话,我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。
U the bjective f funding a cmpany.As a cnsequence,i ,I will take immediate actin t accmplish my dream.
(2)即使在这种情况下,他仍然不遗余力地提高自己。
E ,he still spared n effrt t imprve himself.
答案:
(1)Under/In n circumstances will I give up; if circumstances permit/allw
(2)Even under/in the circumstances
【高考真题链接】
2024·江苏卷(选择题):
_______ the circumstances, it’s better t pstpne the meeting t next week.
On B. Under C. In D. Fr
答案:B
解析:本题考查固定搭配under the circumstances,意为“在这种情况下”,为固定用法,故选B。
take up a psitin担任;任职
用take的相关短语填空
(1)With the remarkable develpment f science and technlgy,ur cuntry has taken a new lk.
(2)I acknwledged that I hardly tk what the teacher said in class,which made me in lw spirits.
(3)Tm,a persn with passin,will take his psitin as chairman f the Student Assciatin at the end f next mnth.
(4)The smart prfessr had n difficulty taking the fridge and repaired it successfully.
(5) Apparently,when the delayed flight will take depends much n the weather.
(6)We students insist n taking the key pints at class and sum them up after class.
答案:(1)n (2) in (3) up (4)apart (5)ff
dwn
【高考真题链接】
2025·全国Ⅰ卷模拟(选择题):
When I first met him, he was abut t _______ a psitin as a manager in the cmpany.
take up B. take n C. take ver D. take in
答案:A
解析:考查take短语辨析,take up a psitin为固定搭配,意为“担任某职位”;take n“承担”、take ver“接管”、take in“理解”均不符合句意,故选A。
upn/n ding 结构; Upn hearing that she had been awarded the Nbel Prize,she said,“The hnur is nt just mine.” 获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。”
(1)一听说伯纳德陷入困难,约翰立即致力于通过做爆米花帮助他。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
U ,Jhn was immediately cmmitted t helping him by making ppcrn.(Upn/On ding...)
(2)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来,我就松了一口气。
①A ,I sighed in relief.(as sn as)
②T ,I sighed in relief.(the instant)
③I ,I sighed in relief.(immediately)
答案:(1)Upn/On learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty
(2)As sn as my head was pulled ut f the huge pumpkin;
The instant my head was pulled ut f the huge pumpkin;
Immediately my head was pulled ut f the huge pumpkin
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题(翻译题):
一听到这个好消息,整个班级都欢呼起来。
答案:Upn hearing the gd news, the whle class cheered up.
解析:考查upn ding结构,“欢呼起来”译为cheer up,符合“一……就……”的动作衔接。
2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷(填空题):
_______ (see) the teacher cming, the students stpped talking at nce.
答案:On seeing/Upn seeing
解析:本题考查n/upn ding结构,表“一看到……就……”,句首首字母大写,故填On seeing或Upn seeing。
It is indeed an hnur fr China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine t be spread arund the wrld.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。
(1)很荣幸能发表演讲,与大家分享我对京剧的看法。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
It share with yu my pinins n Beijing Opera.
(2)据说将展览中国专家的许多剪纸作品。
It thrughut China will be n shw.
(3) Apparently,we shuld spend sme time taking a brief lk at the histry f the Tang Dynasty.
→It we shuld spend sme time taking a brief lk at the histry f the Tang Dynasty.(it作形式主语)
(4)这些国家公园已经得到旅游公司的财政支持,这是事实。
It have btained financial supprt frm turist cmpanies.
答案:(1) It is a great hnur t deliver a speech t
(2)It is said that a large number f paper-cutting wrks by experts
(3)It is apparent that
(4)It is a fact that these natinal parks
【高考真题链接】
2024·山东卷(选择题):
_______ is bvius that regular exercise is beneficial t health.
This B. That C. It D. There
答案:C
解析:本题考查it作形式主语的固定句式It is bvius that...,真正主语为that从句,故选C。
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(1)Yu must pssess pwers.After yur persuasin,my stubbrn sn agreed t cease carrying ut his frmer plan.(persuade)
(2)我成功地说服他同意我挨家挨户卖爆米花的计划。
①I managed t t sell ppcrn frm dr t dr.(persuade sb.t d sth.)
②I managed t t sell ppcrn frm dr t dr.(persuade sb.int ding sth.)
(3)我试图说服他不要和这个坏家伙联系,但是白费功夫。
①I ,but in vain.(persuade)
②I ,but in vain.(advise)
答案:(1)persuasive
(2)persuade him t apprve f my plan;persuade him int apprving f my plan
(3)tried t persuade him nt t keep in tuch with that bad guy;advised him nt t keep in tuch with that bad guy
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题(填空题):
He finally persuaded his parents _______ (let) him study abrad.
答案:t let
解析:考查persuade sb. t d sth. 固定搭配,意为“说服某人做某事”,故填t let。
2025·湖北卷模拟(选择题):
We _______ him int giving up smking, and nw he is much healthier.
advised B. tried t persuade C. persuaded D. suggested
答案:C
解析:由“nw he is much healthier”可知说服成功,persuade强调“说服成功”,try t persuade表“试图说服”,advise“建议”不表结果,故选C。
10. instant n.瞬间;片刻 adj.立即的;速食的;速溶的(instantly=immediately adv.立刻,马上)
(1)I detected tw bvius mistakes (instant) I saw the article.
(2)一看到可怕的熊在咬我们的金属丝栅栏,我就屏住呼吸,一动也不敢动。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
①The ur wire fence,I held my breath,nt daring t make a mvement.(the instant)
②On/Upn ur wire fence,I held my breath,nt daring t make a mvement.(On/Upn ding...)
③Hardly ur wire fence when I held my breath,nt daring t make a mvement.()
答案:(1) instantly
(2)instant I saw a frightening bear biting;seeing a frightening bear biting;had I seen a frightening bear biting
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题(填空题):
Hardly _______ (I) had I entered the rm when the phne rang.
答案:had I
解析:结构中,hardly置于句首需部分倒装,将助动词had提前,故填had I。
2023·浙江卷(选择题):
_______ I finished my hmewrk, I helped my mm with husewrk.
The instant B. As lng as C. Even if D. S that
答案:A
解析:考查“一……就……”的表达,the instant引导时间状语从句,符合句意;as lng as“只要”、even if“即使”、s that“以便”均不符合,故选A。
11. cmmand v.命令;控制 n.指令;命令;掌握;控制
(1)I’m yur cmmand and hence,I will bey yur rders.
(2)My teacher cmmanded me (hand) in my essay instantly.
→My teacher cmmanded that I (hand) in my essay instantly.
(3)我写信申请成为您的助教,因为我不仅精通英语,而且善于和其他人交流。(应用文写作之申请信)
I am writing t apply t be yur teaching assistant,because nt nly but als I am gd at cmmunicating with thers.
答案:(1)at (2)t hand;(shuld) hand
(3)d I have a gd cmmand f English
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题(翻译题):
他精通法语,所以被选为代表团成员。
答案:He has a gd cmmand f French, s he was chsen as a member f the delegatin.
解析:考查have a gd cmmand f固定搭配,“代表团”译为delegatin,符合逻辑。
2024·全国乙卷(填空题):
The teacher cmmanded that all students _______ (hand) in their papers befre leaving.
答案:(shuld) hand
解析:cmmand后接从句用虚拟语气,shuld可省略,故填(shuld) hand。
12. warning n.警告;警示(warn v.提醒注意;劝告;警告;告诫)
(1)The change in the clur f the cean will be ne f the early (warn) signals that we really have changed ur planet.
(2)In ur daily rutine ur head teacher ften warns us the pssible prblems we might run int.
(3)老师警告我们不要把手机带进考场。
①The teacher mbile phnes int the examinatin rm.
②The teacher mbile phnes int the examinatin rm.
答案:(1)warning (2)f/abut (3)warned us nt t carry;warned us against carrying
【高考真题链接】
新增练习题(选择题):
My parents ften warn me _______ swimming in the deep river. A. f B. against C. fr D. with 答案:B
解析:考查warn sb. against ding sth. 固定搭配,意为“警告某人不要做某事”,故选B。
2025·四川卷模拟(填空题):
Withut any _______ (warn), the strm hit the city suddenly.
答案:warning
解析:此处需填名词作介词withut的宾语,warn的名词形式为warning,意为“警告”。
13. ppse vt.反对;抵制;阻挠(ppsed adj.反对的;对立的 ppsitin n.反对)
(1)Regardless f my father’s (ppse),I still purchase many luxuries.
(2)Hence,many educatrs are strngly ppsed t (prtect)children t much in ur daily rutine.
(3)Because all f my friends were ppsed t my plan,I culdn’t resist sbbing,hiding my face in my hands.(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)
→With ,I culdn’t resist sbbing,hiding my face in my hands.(用with复合结构改写)
→All ,I culdn’t resist sbbing,hiding my face in my hands.(用独立主格结构改写)
答案:(1) ppsitin (2) prtecting (3)With all f my friends ppsed t my plan;All f my friends ppsed t my plan
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题(翻译题):
大多数家长反对孩子过度使用电子产品。
答案:Mst parents are ppsed t children using electrnic prducts excessively.
解析:考查be ppsed t (ding) sth. 结构,“过度地”译为excessively,符合语境。
2023·北京卷(选择题):
The experts ppse _______ the ld building because f its histrical value.
pull dwn B. pulling dwn C. t pull dwn D. pulled dwn
答案:B
解析:考查ppse ding sth. 固定搭配,ppse后接动名词作宾语,pull dwn“拆除”,故选B。
14. absence n.[C]& [U]缺席;不在(某处);[U]缺乏(absent adj.缺席的;不在的;心不在焉的)
the absence f teachers’ instructin,I dn’t knw hw t cmbine what I’ve learnt with practice.
(2)我写信向您道歉,因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I’m yur birthday party last weekend.
(3)这就是我的妈妈,有时心不在焉、健忘,然而总是充满爱心。
Such is my mther,wh ,yet always lving.
答案:(1) In (2) I’m writing t aplgize t yu fr being absent frm
(3)is smetimes absent-minded,frgetful,
【高考真题链接】
新增练习题(填空题):
His _______ (absent) frm schl withut reasn made the teacher angry. 答案:absence
解析:此处需填名词作主语,absent的名词形式为absence,意为“缺席”。
2025·全国Ⅱ卷模拟(选择题):
_______ the manager’s absence, Mr. Li is in charge f the cmpany.
In B. On C. At D. Fr
答案:A
解析:考查固定短语in ne’s absence,意为“某人不在时”,为固定用法,故选A。
15. in this sense ()从这种(某种)意义上来讲
(1)我写信请求您推荐一些我能够容易理解的英文名著。(应用文写作之求助信)
I’m writing t request yu t recmmend sme English classics .
(2)以“自律”为主题的调查使我们意识到没有自律,在线学习就没有意义。
The research themed at“Self-discipline” made us realize that .
(3)We shuld in n sense give up ur dreams even if we face many difficulties.
→In .(用倒装句改写)
答案:(1)that I can easily make sense f.
there was n sense in studying nline withut self-discipline.
In n sense shuld we give up ur dreams even if we face many difficulties.
【高考真题链接】
新增练习题(选择题):
It _______ n sense t buy expensive clthes if yu dn’t wear them ften.
des B. makes C. takes D. gives
答案:B
解析:考查make n sense固定搭配,意为“没道理;没意义”,故选B。
2024·浙江卷(填空题):
She has a strng _______ (sense) f respnsibility, which makes her ppular amng clleagues. 答案:sense
解析:考查a sense f respnsibility固定搭配,意为“责任感”,故填sense。
16. keep in tuch (with)(与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)
自从我们十年前取得联系,我们已经保持联系十年了。我的确相信我们再也不会失去联系了。
We each ther fr ten years since we ten years ag.I d believe that we will never each ther.
答案: have stayed in tuch with/have kept in tuch with/have been in tuch with;gt in tuch;lse tuch with
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题(翻译题):
无论我们相距多远,都要保持联系。
答案:N matter hw far apart we are, we shuld keep in tuch.
解析:考查keep in tuch固定短语及n matter hw引导的让步状语从句,“相距远”译为be far apart。
2025·广东卷模拟(选择题):
After graduatin, I tried t _______ in tuch with my classmates, but sme f them mved abrad. A. stay B. get C. lse D. break
答案:A
解析:由“after graduatin”可知是“保持联系”,stay in tuch with为固定搭配;get in tuch with“取得联系”表动作,此处表状态,故选A。
17. It will take+时间段+befre...
Nevertheless,it will take sme years befre mst new hmes begin t use this new technlgy.然而,要让大多数新住宅开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。
(1)十天后我要参加期末考试了。
It I take the end-f-term examinatin.
(2)没过多久简就意识到她在陌生的森林里迷路了,这使她如坐针毡。但是她不断地安慰自己,“用不了多久,我的丈夫就会找到我”。(读后续写片段)
It ,which made her feel like sitting n pins and needles.But she cnstantly cmfrted herself,“It .”
答案:(1)It will be ten days befre
It wasn’t lng befre Jane sensed that she gt lst in the unfamiliar frest;
It wn’t be lng befre my husband finds me.
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题(填空题):
It _______ (nt be) lng befre we meet again.
答案:wn’t be
解析:考查It wn’t be lng befre...句式,意为“过不了多久就……”,故填wn’t be。
2023·全国甲卷(翻译题):
要过大约三个月我们才能完成这项任务。
答案:It will take abut three mnths befre we can finish this task.
解析:考查It will take+时间段+befre...句式,“完成任务”译为finish this task,符合题意。
18. as引导原因状语从句
It has als made finding pprtunities in life much easier,as it allws peple t make larger netwrks f friends thrugh using scial media.它还使人们在生活中更加容易找到机会,因为它让人们能够通过社交媒体建立更大的朋友圈。
(1)写出下列句子中as的汉语意思
①As time went by,the librarian grew increasingly interested in her ccupatin.随着
②Just as an ld saying ges,d in Rme as the Rmans d.正如
③Child as he is,he has a gd cmmand f English.尽管
④I ppse yu cntinuing with the training,as yu haven’t recvered frm the knee injury.因为
(2)随着公共汽车逐渐靠近城镇,汤姆浑身颤抖,如坐针毡。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
As the bus gt clser and clser t the twn,Tm shk all ver,feeling like sitting n pins and needles.
(3)尽管我们又累又饿,但是我们从这次五千米越野赛跑中受益匪浅。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
Exhausted and hungry as we were,we benefited a lt frm the five-kilmeter crss-cuntry running race.
【高考真题链接】
新增练习题(选择题):
_______ he is yung, he has a lt f wrking experience.
Because B. As C. Althugh D. When
答案:B
解析:as此处引导让步状语从句,需倒装(表语提前),句意为“尽管他年轻,但他有很多工作经验”;althugh引导让步状语从句不倒装,故选B。
2025·浙江卷模拟(填空题):
_______ (time) as time went by, I gradually understd my parents’ lve.
答案:As
解析:考查as引导时间状语从句,意为“随着时间的推移”,句首首字母大写,故填As。
语法点
Grammar 定语从句
一、定语从句的种类
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度,我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
[观察例句]
This is the cmputer (that/which)he bught fr his sn yesterday.
这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。
I will shw yu t the supermarket where yu can find everything yu want.
我会带你去一家超市,在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。
He is English, which I knw frm his accent.
他是英国人,那是我通过他的口音知道的。
This is ur headmaster, wh I think has smething imprtant t tell yu.
这是我们的校长,我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
[归纳用法]
①限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,两者之间不用逗号分开;关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有wh, whm, whse, that, which, as;关系副词有where, when, why。
②非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切,只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外,其他都可以。
[即学即练1]——用适当的关系词填空
①Hlly, is frm Australia, has a gd cmmand f Chinese.
②The dictinary, ur teacher bught yesterday, is helpful t us.
③I am lking frward t the day my daughter can read this bk and knw my feelings fr her.
④Tu Yuyu was awarded the Nbel Prize, is cnsidered ne f the highest internatinal hnurs a persn can receive.
⑤Davis wanted t visit the farm the seawater rice was grwn.
【答案】1.wh 2.which 3.when 4.which 5.where
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.形式不同
[观察例句]
Here is the man wh has been punished by the bss.
这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)
The prject, which lasted three years, cst n less than $1 billin.
这个工程历时三年,耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)
[归纳用法]
限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号;非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。
2.先行词不同
[观察例句]
This is the best nvel that I have ever read.
这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句,先行词是nvel)
The nvel, which I read last night, is very interesting.
我昨天晚上看过那部小说了,它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句,先行词为nvel)
The nvel is very interesting, which makes me very excited.
那部小说很有意思,这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句,which指代整个主句的内容)
[归纳用法]
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是整个主句。
3.关系词的使用情况不同
(1)that, why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句
[观察例句]
Mst peple didn't vte fr him, which disappinted him.
大多数人没有投票支持他,这使他失望。
I have tld them the reasn, fr which I changed my mind.
我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。
[归纳用法]
指物时要用which代替that, fr which代替why。
(2)关系代词替代情况不同
[观察例句]
This is the man (whm/wh/that)we are talking abut.
这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)
The yung man had a new girlfriend, whm he wanted t impress.
这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)
She has a yunger brther, wh is an English teacher.
她有一个弟弟,他是一名英语老师。
[归纳用法]
①关系代词whm在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用wh代替,但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用wh代替。
②在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可以用that引导,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,关系代词只能用wh或whm。
(3)关系代词省略情况不同
[观察例句]
This is a gd film (which/that)I saw a few days ag.
这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)
The summer hliday, which we're lking frward t, is drawing near.
我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)
[归纳用法]
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略,而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。
[即学即练2]——用适当的关系词填空
①Until nw, we have raised 50,000 punds fr the pr children, is quite unexpected.
②The exact year Angela and her family spent tgether in China was 2018.
③Can yu tell me the reasn he was absent yesterday?
④We have a buyer wuld like t view the huse.
⑤He was a persnal friend I've knwn fr many years.
【答案】1.which 2.which/that3.why 4.wh 5.whm
三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
[观察例句]
As we all knw, Lu Xun is a great writer.
众所周知,鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。
He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
他实验失败了,这是没有预料到的。
He is a cheat, as everyne can see.
每个人都看得出来,他是个骗子。
He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected.
正如期望的那样,他实验做成功了。
As we all knw, paper was invented in China.
正如大家所知,纸是中国发明的。
[归纳用法]
①as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句;而which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是整个主句,又可以是主句的一部分。
②as引导的从句位置比较灵活,可位于先行词之前、之中和之后,而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。
③as引导从句时常译为“正如”,而which常译为“这;那”。常用句型有:as we all knw,as is knwn t all, as everybdy can see, as is expected等。
[即学即练3]——用适当的关系词填空
①The weather turned ut t be very fine, was mre than we culd expect.
② has been annunced, we shall have ur final exam next mnth.
③He failed in the driving test, we had expected.
【答案】1.which 2.As 3.as
一.单句语法填空
1.Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f has been prved.
2.She was taking the fd t the refugee camp, in she distributed it t the children.
3.I live next dr t a cuple children ften make a lt f nise.
4.We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
5.Sharing bread r ther fds is a cmmn human traditin can prmte unity and trust.
6.Sme peple are successful language learners ften fail in ther fields.
7.The sun heats the earth, makes it pssible fr plants t grw.
8.Then he met Mary, invited him t a party.
9.There was a net bar arund here, I remember.
10.He changed his mind again, made us all angry.
【答案】1.which 2.which 3.whse 4.when 5.that 6.wh 7.which 8.wh 9.as 10.which
二、分级练习题(基础→提升)
基础题:关系词填空
1. The girl ______ wn the speech cntest is my deskmate.
2. This is the village ______ I spent my childhd.
3. The bk, ______ cver is blue, belngs t my teacher.
4. We will never frget the day ______ the Peple's Republic f China was funded.
5. He passed the exam, ______ surprised all f us.
答案:1.wh 2.where 3.whse 4.when 5.which
提升题:语法纠错与改写
纠错:The man that yu talked t him is ur headmaster.
改:The man that yu talked t is ur headmaster.
解析:关系代词that已作宾语,多余him删除
改写:She has a sn. He is studying in Peking University.
用非限制性定语从句合并:She has a sn, wh is studying in Peking University.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023年新课标I卷 语法填空
The study, ______ was published in the Jurnal f Applied Eclgy, fund that the average number f birds was 35% higher in areas with green rfs.
答案:which
解析:非限制性定语从句,先行词为study,指物,用which引导)
2. 2024年新高考II卷 语法填空
My grandmther ften tells me stries abut her childhd, ______ she experienced a lt f hardships but als gained precius curage.
答案:when
解析:非限制性定语从句,先行词为childhd,表时间,用when引导
3. 2025年模拟预测题(贴近考纲)
As is reprted in the news, the medical team ______ members are frm different prvinces has arrived at the disaster area.
答案:whse
解析:先行词为medical team,与members构成所属关系,用whse引导
Grammar 将来进行时
一、定义
将来进行时表示最近或较远的将来正在进行的动作或说话人已经计划或安排好的事情。
二、构成
[观察例句]
We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes.
我们将在16分钟后在巴黎机场降落。
Anyhw, yu wn't be playing fr the next few Saturdays.
无论如何,后几个星期六你不许再玩了。
—Will yu be remaining in the city?
—Yes, I shall be (remaining in the city).
——你将来会留在这个城市吗?
——是。
—What time will she be arriving?
—She will be arriving at abut 8:30 tmrrw mrning.
——她什么时候到达?
——她大概明天上午8点半到达。
[归纳用法]
1.肯定句:主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词...
2.否定句:主语 + shall/will + nt + be + 现在分词...
3.疑问句:Shall/Will + 主语 + be + 现在分词...?
4.疑问代词/疑问副词 + shall/will + 主语 + be + 现在分词...?
[名师点津]
shall用于第一人称,will用于第一、二、三人称。
[即学即练1]——完成句子
①今晚我将在办公室里待到比较晚。
I late at the ffice this evening.
②——他们会顺着这条路来吗?
——不,他们不会从这条路来。
— this way?
—N, they (cming this way).
③明天早上十点他会在干嘛?
at 10:00 tmrrw?
【答案】1.will be staying 2.Will they be cming3.wn't be
三、将来进行时的主要用法
[观察例句]
A space vehicle will be circling Jupiter in five years' time.
航天器5年后将绕木星飞行。
When I get hme, my wife will prbably be watching televisin.
当我到家时,我太太可能正在看电视。
I'll be taking my hlidays sn.
不久我将要度假了。
We shall be ging t Lndn next week.
下周我们要去伦敦。
Will yu be having sme tea? 喝点茶吧。
Will yu be needing anything else? 你还需要什么吗?
[归纳用法]
1.将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。
2.将来进行时表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
3.将来进行时表示委婉语气。
[即学即练2]—— 完成句子
①五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们在吃晚饭。
Dn't phne me between 5 and 6.We dinner then.
②我下个星期来看你。
I yu next week.
③克雷格教授明晚做关于伊特拉斯坎陶器的讲演。
Prfessr Craig a lecture n Etruscan pttery tmrrw evening.
【答案】1.will be having2.will be seeing 3.will be giving
四、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别
1.一般将来时是指将来某个时间将要发生的动作和状态,基本结构是:主语+will+d.
I will g t Beijing next Sunday.
我下个星期天将要去北京。
What will yu d tmrrw? 你明天干什么?
将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。基本结构是:主语 + will be + ding
What will yu be ding this time tmrrw?
明天这个时候你会在做什么呢?
2. 两者均可表示将来,但用将来进行时语气更委婉
比较:
When will yu finish these letters?
你什么时候处理完这些信件?(直接询问,如上司对下属)
When will yu be seeing Mr.White?
你什么时候见怀特先生?(委婉地询问,如下属对上司)
When will yu pay back the mney?
你什么时候还钱?(直接讨债)
When will yu be paying back the mney?
这钱你什么时候还呢?(委婉地商量)
3. 有时一般将来时中的will含有“愿意”的意思,而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况
Mary wn't pay this bill.玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿)
Mary wn't be paying this bill.不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)
[即学即练3]——完成句子
①十二点的时候我将在睡觉。
I at 12:00.
②20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。
I in university at the age f 20.
③如果看到有人遇到危险,他会怎么做?
if he sees smebdy in danger?
【答案】1.will be sleeping 2.will be studying3.What will he d
一.单句语法填空
1.He (lie)n ne f the sunny beaches in Hawaii all day when he spends his hliday there.
2. Dn't call me between 2:00 and 4:00 this afternn.I (have)an test then.
3. Nbdy knew what (happen)t the Earth in a century's time.
4. Mr.Lee said he wuld give the CD t me as sn as he (return)frm Canada.
5. When we were yung, father (take)us fr a special treat n Mther's day.
6.—Did yu invite Sarah t yur birthday party?
—Srry, I frget.I (call)her nw.
7.Yu can't miss him.He (wear)a dark green suit and a yellw tie waiting fr yu.
8. I (tell)yu abut my plan, but yu stpped me befre I culd speak.
9. Will yu (use)yur cmputer this time tmrrw?
10. I (clse)the kitchen dr when a little muse ppped its head ut.
【答案】1.will be lying 2.will/ shall be having3.wuld happen4.returned 5.wuld take6.will call7. will be wearing8.was abut t tell9.be using 10.was abut t clse
二、分级练习题(基础→提升)
基础题:用将来进行时完成句子
1. This time next year, I ______ (study) in a university abrad.
2. —______ (yu / attend) the meeting this afternn? —Yes, I will.
3. Dn't call him at 9 'clck. He ______ (have) a meeting then.
答案:1.will be studying 2.Will yu be attending 3.will be having
提升题:选择合适的时态填空
I ______ (finish) the reprt by tmrrw evening.
答案:will have finished
解析:by+将来时间,用将来完成时;若强调“明天晚上此时正在完成”,可用will be finishing
—I'm ging t the supermarket. —I ______ (cme) with yu. I need t buy sme milk.
答案:will cme
解析:临时决定的动作,用一般将来时
综合检测:语法混合应用
The scientist ______ we will meet tmrrw ______ (give) a lecture n AI at this time next Mnday.
答案:whm; will be giving
解析:第一空为定语从句关系词,第二空为将来进行时
This is the library ______ I ______ (read) bks every Saturday, and I ______ (prepare) fr the exam here this weekend.
答案:where; read; will be preparing
解析:定语从句+一般现在时+将来进行时
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023年全国甲卷
—What will yu be ding this time tmrrw? —I ______ n a beach in Sanya, enjying the sunshine.
答案:will be lying
解析:问句用将来进行时,答句呼应“明天此时正在进行的动作”。
2. 2024年浙江卷 语法填空
The plane ______ (fly) at an altitude f 10,000 meters when the passengers felt a sudden shake.
答案:was flying
解析:虽非将来时,但考查“特定时刻正在进行的动作”,与将来进行时核心逻辑一致
3. 2025年模拟预测题(贴近考纲)
The guide tld us that the tur grup ______ (visit) the ancient temple at 10 a.m. the next day.答案:wuld be visiting
解析:间接引语中,将来进行时变为过去将来进行时,符合时态呼应规则
重
点
单
词
Unit 1
1. vital adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的
2. defeatn. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜
3. evaluatevt. 评价; 评估
4. acknwledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
5. encuntervt. 偶然碰到; 遇到n. 邂逅; 遭遇
6. btainvt. (尤指经努力)获得; 赢得vi. (规章、习俗等)存在; 流行
7. extrardinaryadj. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的
8. cmmit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
9. infervt. 推断; 推定
10. circumstancen. 条件; 环境; 状况
Unit 2
1. persuade vt. 劝说; 说服
2. distant adj. 遥远的; 远处的; 疏远的; 心不在焉的
3. efficientadj. 效率高的; 有功效的
4. preferencen. 爱好; 偏爱
5. instant n. 瞬间; 片刻 adj. 立即的; 速食的; 速溶的
6. availableadj. 可获得的; 可购得的; (人)有空的
7. cmbinevt. &vi. (使)结合; 混合
8. ccupatinn. 职业; 占领
9. ppsevt. 反对; 抵制; 阻挠
10. absencen. 不存在; 缺乏; 缺席
词
汇
拓
展
Unit 1
1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→distinctin n. 差别
2. nvel n. (长篇)小说→nvelist n. 小说家
3. cmmit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→cmmitted adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →cmmitment n. 承诺; 交托; 信奉
4. cnclude v. 得出结论, 结束; 终止→cnclusin n. 结论; 推论
5. apparent adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ apparently adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然
6. science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家→scientific adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的
7. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ academic adj. 学业的; 学术的
8. bject n. 物体; 对象; 客体→bjective n. 目标; 目的 adj. 客观的
9. btany n. 植物学→btanical adj. 植物学的
10. plitic n. 政治学→plitician n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客
Unit 2
1. secure adj. 安全的; 安心的; 可靠的; 牢固的→security n. 保护措施; 安全工作
2. remte adj. 远程的; 偏远的→remtely adv. 远程地
3. warn v. 警告→warning n. 警告; 警示; 先兆
4. cnstant adj. 不断的; 重复的; 不变的→cnstantly adv. 不断地
5. nrmal adj. 正常的→abnrmal adj. 不正常的; 反常的
6. criticize vt. 批评; 批判→ critical adj. 严重的; 关键的; 批判性的
7. ptential adj. 可能的; 潜在的n. 潜力; 可能性→ptentially adv. 潜在地; 可能地
8. relevant adj. 有关的; 有意义的→irrelevant adj. 不相干的; 不切题的
9. innvate v. 革新→innvatin n. 创新; 创造
10. predict vt. 预测; 预言; 预料→predictin n. 预测; 预言
重
点
短
语
Unit 1
1. with the bjective f (ding) 以(做)……为目的
2. insist n 坚决要求
3. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗
4. cme t pwer (开始)掌权; 上台
5. take up a psitin担任; 任职
6. sum up 总结; 概括
7. get stuck进入僵局; 被卡住
8. by chance偶然; 意外地
9. lead t导致, 通向
10. stand up t经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对
Unit 2
1. switch ff/n 关/开(电灯、机器等)
2. remte cntrl遥控器; 遥控
3. air cnditiner空调机; 空调设备
4. daily rutine 日常生活
5. early n 在初期; 早先
6. catch fire 着火
7. in this sense从这种意义上来讲
8. keep in tuch (with. . . ) (与……)保持联系; 了解(某课题或领域的情况)
9. lk int the future 展望未来
10. prs and cns正反两方面
重
点
句
型
1. 句型公式: 关系副词引导非限制性定语从句
In the beginning, Tu Yuyu went t Hainan, where malaria was mre cmmn (在那里疟疾较为普遍), t study malaria patients.
2. 句型公式: 关系代词引导非限制性定语从句
Later, the medicine was tested n malaria patients, mst f whm recvered(大部分受试患者都康复了).
3. 句型公式: 动名词与动词不定式作动词宾语的区别
They then tried biling fresh wrmwd (试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸), and using the liquid btained frm this t treat malaria, but this did nt wrk either.
4. 句型公式: upn/n ding sth. 当……时
Upn/On hearing that she had been awarded the Nbel Prize, she said, “The hnur is nt just mine. ”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时, 她说: “荣誉不只是属于我自己的。”
5. 句型公式: 将来进行时
Hwever, in the nt-t-distant future, we will be living in smart hmes(将生活在智能住宅中) that will lck the dr fr us when we are away and remember t switch ff the TV when we frget.
6. 句型公式: the instant (that)一……就……
Yur lights will cme n the instant yu enter the dr(你一进家门) alng with yur favurite music r TV prgrammes, and yu will find yur dinner already prepared fr yu.
7. 句型公式: 疑问词+动词不定式
It will als give yu suggestins n a healthier diet and hw t sleep better(如何睡得更好).
8. 句型公式: n the ne hand一方面
On the ne hand(一方面), there are many different grups f peple arund the wrld wh live happily in the absence f new technlgy.
•cmmit murder/a crime/a mistake犯凶杀罪/犯罪/犯错
cmmit neself t (sth./ding sth./d sth.)承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
•be cmmitted t (ding) sth./cmmit neself t (ding) sth.致力于(做)某事
•make a cmmitment t (ding) sth.保证/承诺(做)某事
acknwledge sb./sth.as/t be...认为某人/物是……;承认某人/物是……
acknwledge ding/having dne sth.承认做了某事
acknwledge that...承认……
It is universally/widely acknwledged that...……是大家公认的。
•insist n (ding) sth.坚决要求/坚持(做)某事
•insist作“坚决要求”讲时,后接宾语从句,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气,形式为“shuld+动词原形”,shuld可省略;作“坚持认为”讲时,从句用陈述语气,根据需要选择各种时态。
•in cnclusin最后;总之
cme t/reach/arrive at/draw a cnclusin得出结论
• sth./by ding sth.以……结束
cnclude frm...从……中得出结论
under/in n circumstances无论如何不,决不(置于句首,句子用部分倒装)
if circumstances permit/allw如果情况允许的话
under/in the circumstances在这种情况下;既然如此
take up拿起;占据;开始从事;接受
take ff脱下;起飞;事业腾飞;休假
take in吸收;理解;收留;欺骗
take ver接管;接任
take n呈现;雇用;承担
take dwn写下;记下;拆除
take apart拆开;拆卸
•upn/n ding (that) ...一……就……,表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。
•表示“一……就……”的其他形式:as sn as,the mment/minute/instant,immediately/directly/instantly等。
it作形式主语的常用句式:
•It be+an hnur+fr sb.t d sth./It be ne’s hnur+t d sth.
•It be+过去分词(said,thught,believed,suppsed,reprted...)+that从句
•It be+形容词(strange,imprtant,vital,bvius,pssible...)+that从句
•It be+名词短语(a pity,a shame,a fact,a gd idea,n wnder...)+that从句
•It+不及物动词(ccur,happen,seem...)+that从句
persuade sb.t d sth.=persuade sb.int ding sth.说服某人做某事
persuade sb.nt t d sth.=persuade sb.ut f ding sth.说服某人不做某事
try t persuade sb.t d sth.=advise sb.t d sth.试图说服某人做某事(未必成功)
•the instant/instantly+从句 一……就……
instant cffee/ndles速溶咖啡/方便面
•表示“一……就……”的其他表达方式:n/upn (ding) sth.,as sn as+从句,the mment/minute+从句,immediately/instantly/directly+从句,n ,等。
•cmmand sb.t d sth.命令某人做某事
cmmand that...(shuld) d...命令……
•at ne’s cmmand听某人支配
have a gd cmmand f/have a gd knwledge f/master...掌握……;精通……
•withut warning不预先通知;突然地
•warn sb.(nt) t d sth.警告某人(不要)做某事
warn sb.f/abut sth.提醒/警告某人注意某事
warn sb.against ding sth.警告某人不要做某事
•ppse (ding) sth.反对(做)某事
ppse sb./sb.’s ding sth.反对某人做某事
•be ppsed t (ding) sth.反对(做)某事
•in the absence f不在;缺少
in ne’s absence某人不在时
absence f mind心不在焉
•be absent frm不参加;缺席
absent-minded adj.心不在焉的;健忘的
make sense f弄懂……的意思;理解
make n sense没道理;没意义
in a sense从某种意义上说
in n sense决不(位于句首时要用部分倒装结构)
cmmn sense常识
a sense f belnging/humur/directin/duty归属感/幽默感/方向感/责任感
There’s n/little sense (in) ding sth.做某事没道理/没意义。
•stay in tuch (with)(与……)保持联系
be in tuch (with)(与……)有联系
be ut f tuch (with)(与……)失去联系
以上三个短语表状态,可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
•get in tuch (with)(与……)取得联系
lse tuch (with)(与……)失去联系
以上两个短语表示动作,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
It will take+时间段+befre从句(一般现在时)“在……之前要花一段时间”
It will be+时间段+befre从句(一般现在时)“要过一段时间才……”
It wasn’t lng+befre从句(一般过去时)“没过多久就……”
It wn’t be lng+befre从句(一般现在时)“过不了多久就会……”
as作连词,可引导以下几种状语从句:
•as引导原因状语从句,意为“由于,因为”。
•as引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候;随着”。
•as引导方式状语从句,意为“按照……;照着……”。
•as引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”, 需将后面的表语、状语提到前面构成倒装句,即把句中的名词、形容词、副词、分词或实义动词提前。
•as引导定语从句,意为“正如;正像”。
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