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2025年秋仁爱科普版八上英语Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 单元基础测试题
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这是一份2025年秋仁爱科普版八上英语Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 单元基础测试题,文件包含2025年秋仁爱科普版八上英语Unit6EarthandBeyond单元基础测试题docx、2025年秋仁爱科普版八上英语Unit6基础测试卷听力原文及答案解析docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共20页, 欢迎下载使用。
仁爱科普版八上Unit6基础测试题听力原文+答案解析第一部分 听力原文一、听短对话(1-5题,每小题1分)每段对话后对应1个问题,从A、B、C中选择最佳答案。第1题问题:How far is it from the Earth to the Sun?听力材料:W: Do you know how far the Sun is from us? M: Yes! Our science teacher said it’s about 150,000,000 kilometers. W: That’s such a long distance!第2题问题:What can we see to find the North Star?听力材料:M: I can’t find the North Star. Can you help me? W: Sure! First find the Big Dipper—it looks like a spoon. Follow its two right stars, and you’ll see the North Star. M: Thanks! I see it now.第3题问题:What is the Sun’s surface temperature?听力材料:W: The Sun is so hot! What’s its surface temperature? M: I checked online—it’s about 5,526.85 degrees Celsius. W: Wow, that’s much hotter than boiling water!第4题问题:Which planet is the closest to the Sun?听力材料:M: Let’s talk about planets! Which one is nearest to the Sun? W: It’s Mercury. Venus is the second, and Earth is the third. M: I always mix up Mercury and Venus.第5题问题:What tool do the students use to watch stars?听力材料:W: Look at the students on the playground! What are they doing? M: They’re watching stars. Some of them are using a telescope to see clearer. W: I want to join them!二、听长对话(6-10题,每小题2分)每段对话后对应2-3个问题,从A、B、C中选择最佳答案。对话一(第6-7题)听力材料:M: Meimei, come look at the stars! That group looks special. W: Oh, that’s the Big Dipper! It looks like a spoon. M: Is that the North Star next to it? W: Yes! The North Star never moves much. People use it to find north at night. M: That’s so cool!问题6:What does the Big Dipper look like?问题7:Why is the North Star useful?对话二(第8-10题)听力材料:W: Li Tao, what is your group busy with? M: We’re making a fact file of Mars for our science project. W: Can you tell me some facts? M: Sure! Mars is about 228 million kilometers from the Sun. W: How’s its temperature? M: It’s very cold—about minus 63 degrees Celsius on average. W: That’s much colder than Earth!问题8:What is Li Tao’s group making?问题9:How far is Mars from the Sun?问题10:What is the average temperature on Mars?三、听短文(11-15题,每小题2分)短文后对应5个问题,从A、B、C中选择最佳答案。短文材料Nicolaus Copernicus was a great scientist. He was born in Poland on February 19th, 1473. He studied in Poland first, then went to Italy to learn more. Copernicus loved space—he often watched the stars at night and thought about how they moved. At that time, people thought the Earth was the center of the universe. But Copernicus had a different idea: he thought the Earth and other planets all go around the Sun. In 1543, he published a book about his ideas. At first, few people believed him. But about sixty years later, scientists proved his ideas were right. Today, we still learn about Copernicus in science class because his ideas helped us understand the solar system better.问题11:When was Nicolaus Copernicus born?问题12:What did Copernicus like to do in his free time?问题13:What idea did Copernicus have?问题14:How did scientists feel about Copernicus’ ideas later?问题15:Who is this passage mainly for?第二部分 听力题目答案1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.A一、阅读理解(共50分)(一)选择题阅读(16-35题,每小题2分)A篇(观星经历记叙文)16.答案:B 解析:细节定位题。原文首段“my dad took me to a hill outside the city for stargazing”直接指出观星地点是“城外的小山”,A(城内公园)、C(海边沙滩)、D(北方山脉)均未提及,故选B。 答案:C 解析:细节定位题。原文第二段“Dad brought a small telescope. He helped me adjust it”明确使用“望远镜”观星,A(相机)、B(地图)、D(手机)均非观星工具,故选C。 答案:A 解析:细节定位题。原文第二段“that’s the Big Dipper. It looks like a spoon”直接描述北斗七星像“勺子”,A(勺子)符合原文,B(杯子)、C(星星)、D(行星)均错误,故选A。 答案:B 解析:细节定位题。原文第三段“sailors looked for the North Star to know which way was north”说明水手用北极星“辨别方向”,A(报时)、C(预测天气)、D(发消息)均未提及,故选B。 答案:D 解析:细节定位题。原文最后一句“Maybe one day, I’ll be a scientist who explores the universe”明确未来想成为“太空科学家”,A(水手)、B(农民)、C(医生)均与原文矛盾,故选D。 B篇(行星对比说明文+图表)答案:B 解析:细节定位题(图表+原文)。图表中Mercury(水星)栏标注“Closest to the Sun”,原文第二段也提到“Mercury is the smallest and closest planet to the Sun”,A(地球)、C(火星)、D(海王星)均不符,故选B。 答案:B 解析:细节定位题(图表)。图表中Earth(地球)栏“Average Temperature”明确为“14℃”,A(-63℃,火星温度)、C(427℃,水星白天温度)、D(-200℃,海王星温度)均错误,故选B。 答案:B 解析:细节定位题。原文第三段“Mars is often called the ‘Red Planet’ because its soil has a red color”说明因“土壤呈红色”得名,A(红色海洋,无海洋)、C(红色空气,未提及)、D(红色冰,未提及)均错误,故选B。 答案:B 解析:细节定位题。原文第三段“They send robots to Mars to look for signs of life”明确发送“火星车(robots)”,A(载人飞船,未提及)、C(望远镜,用于观测而非探测)、D(卫星,未提及)均错误,故选B。 答案:D 解析:词义猜测题(代词指代)。最后一段围绕“Neptune(海王星)”展开,“we can’t see it with our eyes”中“it”指代前文主语Neptune,A(水星)、B(地球)、C(火星)均非指代对象,故选D。 C篇(宇宙探索议论文)答案:B 解析:观点态度题。原文首段“exploring space is important for humans, and it brings many benefits”明确作者观点“宇宙探索重要且有益”,A(浪费钱,作者反对)、C(仅宇航员可做,原文未提)、D(太危险,未提及)均错误,故选B。 答案:A 解析:细节理解题。原文第二段“by comparing Earth with Mars, we learn why Earth has life... This helps us understand Earth better”说明探索其他行星能“更好理解地球”,B(找更多钱,未提及)、C(造更多机器人,未提及)、D(更快旅行,未提及)均错误,故选A。 答案:B 解析:细节举例题。原文第三段“GPS (Global Positioning System) uses satellites in space... daily life come from space technology”明确GPS是太空技术在生活中的应用,A(手机)、C(电视)、D(书籍)均非太空技术产物,故选B。 答案:B 解析:细节定位题。原文第四段“exploring space inspires people—especially young students”指出“年轻学生”受启发最大,A(农民)、C(医生)、D(教师)均非主要受众,故选B。 答案:B 解析:主旨大意题。全文围绕“宇宙探索的重要性”展开,结尾重申“we should keep exploring”,A(停止探索,矛盾)、C(火星最适合探索,未提及)、D(地球无问题,矛盾)均错误,故选B。 D篇(金星说明书)答案:B 解析:细节定位题。原文第一段“called the ‘Morning Star’ or ‘Evening Star’ because it shines very brightly at dawn or dusk”说明因“黎明或黄昏明亮”得名,A(是恒星,实际是行星)、C(靠近月球,未提及)、D(颜色亮,未提及)均错误,故选B。 答案:B 解析:细节定位题。原文“Key Facts”中“Diameter: About 12,104 kilometers (a little smaller than Earth)”明确金星“比地球略小”,A(大得多)、C(一样大)、D(小得多)均错误,故选B。 答案:A 解析:细节定位题。原文“Temperature”中“Average temperature: 462℃”直接对应,B(427℃,水星白天温度)、C(-63℃,火星温度)、D(14℃,地球温度)均错误,故选A。 答案:C 解析:细节定位题。原文“How to Use”中“For Homework: Copy the key facts... Add one question”明确作业是“抄事实+加问题”,A(做海报,是小组项目)、B(看视频,是拓展信息)、D(玩游戏,是拓展信息)均错误,故选C。 答案:B 解析:细节定位题。原文“Where to Find More”中“Website: www.kidsspace.com/venus (for videos and games)”明确视频在该网站,A(图书馆,是书籍)、C(科学课,未提及)、D(老师,未提及)均错误,故选B。 (二)任务型阅读(36-40题,每小题2分)答案:C 解析:逻辑衔接题。前文“Mars has a unique appearance”(火星独特外观),C选项“Most of the time, it looks red or orange”(大多时候呈红或橙色)衔接“外观”,且呼应后文“red color comes from iron”,故选C。 答案:D 解析:逻辑衔接题。前文“Mars has seasons, just like Earth”(火星有季节),D选项“The seasons are spring, summer, autumn, and winter”(四季为春夏秋冬)具体说明季节,衔接自然,故选D。 答案:E 解析:逻辑衔接题。前文“there is water on Mars—but not in liquid form”(无液态水),E选项“It is mostly in the form of ice”(多为冰的形式)衔接“水的形态”,呼应后文“large amounts of ice”,故选E。 答案:B 解析:逻辑衔接题。前文“Mars has two small moons”(两个小卫星),B选项“They are called Phobos and Deimos”(名为火卫一和火卫二)介绍卫星名称,衔接“卫星”话题,故选B。 答案示例:Mars has two small moons, but Earth only has one. / The average temperature on Mars (-63℃) is much colder than that on Earth (14℃). 解析:需体现“火星与地球的不同”,围绕单元核心差异(卫星数量、温度、季节长度等),语句通顺、事实准确即可。 二、语言应用(共35分)(一)完形填空(41-50题,每小题1.5分)答案:B 解析:情感形容词辨析。首次学习木星知识应是“兴奋的”,excited(兴奋的)符合语境;bored(无聊)、angry(生气)、sad(难过)均与“探索行星”的积极情感矛盾,故选B。 答案:C 解析:形容词辨析。制作档案需“有用的”事实(距离、尺寸等),useful(有用的)符合需求;wrong(错误的)、old(陈旧的)、funny(有趣的,非核心)均不符合“科学档案”的严谨性,故选C。 答案:A 解析:形容词比较级。木星直径“比地球大11倍”,bigger(更大的)符合事实;smaller(更小)、heavier(更重,未提重量)、lighter(更轻,未提重量)均错误,故选A。 答案:B 解析:形容词比较级。木星是太阳系最大行星,比最小的水星“大得多”,larger(更大的)符合;smaller(更小)、hotter(更热,木星温度低)、colder(更冷,非对比核心)均错误,故选B。 答案:C 解析:形容词比较级。木星平均温度-145℃,火星-63℃,木星“更冷”,colder(更冷的)符合;warmer(更暖)、hotter(更热)、cooler(更凉爽,程度轻于colder)均错误,故选C。 答案:B 解析:形容词辨析。老师评价档案“好且有用”,wonderful(出色的)符合积极评价;terrible(糟糕的)、expensive(昂贵的,与档案无关)、cheap(便宜的,与档案无关)均错误,故选B。 答案:A 解析:动词辨析。用“收集到的知识”回答问题,collected(收集)符合;forgot(忘记)、lost(丢失)、sold(出售)均与“回答问题”矛盾,故选A。 答案:C 解析:动词辨析。从制作档案中学到“收集信息”,collect(收集)符合;waste(浪费)、hide(隐藏)、destroy(破坏)均与“学习技能”矛盾,故选C。 答案:A 解析:动词辨析。用望远镜“看星星”,watching(观察)符合;selling(卖)、buying(买)、breaking(破坏)均与“望远镜用途”矛盾,故选A。 答案:B 解析:时间短语辨析。“未来”成为天文学家,in the future(未来)符合;in the past(过去)、in the morning(早上)、at noon(中午)均与“梦想职业”的时间逻辑矛盾,故选B。 (二)词汇题(51-60题,每小题1分)A. 汉语提示填空答案:universe 解析:“宇宙”对应universe,不可数名词,单元核心名词(对应“Earth and Beyond”主题)。 答案:closest 解析:“最近的”对应closest,形容词最高级,单元核心形容词(描述行星与太阳的距离)。 答案:telescope 解析:“望远镜”对应telescope,可数名词,单元核心工具词汇(观星工具)。 答案:temperature 解析:“温度”对应temperature,不可数名词,单元核心名词(描述行星气候)。 答案:spot 解析:“斑点”对应spot,可数名词,单元延伸词汇(木星大红斑,a huge storm)。 B. 首字母提示填空答案:solar 解析:首字母s,solar system(太阳系),单元核心短语(对应“行星所属系统”)。 答案:soil 解析:首字母s,red soil(红色土壤),单元核心名词(火星呈红色的原因)。 答案:hottest 解析:首字母h,hottest(最热的),形容词最高级(金星是太阳系最热行星)。 答案:robots 解析:首字母r,robots(火星车),单元核心名词(探测火星的工具)。 答案:directions 解析:首字母d,find directions(辨别方向),单元核心短语(北极星的用途)。 (三)语法填空(61-70题,每小题1分)答案:in 解析:固定搭配“be interested in”(对……感兴趣),单元核心短语(描述对月球的趣)。 答案:have learned 解析:时态(现在完成时)。“over time”(随着时间推移)表示从过去到现在的动作,主语we,助动词用have,learn变learned,单元核心时态(强调经历的积累)。 答案:or 解析:并列连词。否定句中“和”用or,“no air or water”(没有空气和水),单元核心语法(否定句并列)。 答案:brightness 解析:词性转换。the后接名词,bright(明亮的)变brightness(亮度),单元核心构词法(形容词→名词,后缀-ness)。 答案:higher 解析:形容词比较级。than是比较级标志,high(高的)变higher(更高的),单元核心语法(描述潮汐高度对比)。 答案:first 解析:序数词。“第一个登月的人”,one(一)变first(第一),单元核心语法(序数词表顺序)。 答案:who 解析:定语从句引导词。先行词person(人),用who引导定语从句,单元核心语法(定语从句修饰人)。 答案:are planning 解析:时态(现在进行时表计划)。“now”结合“计划送更多人去月球”,主语scientists,be动词用are,plan变planning,单元核心时态(表当前计划)。 答案:about 解析:介词。“learn about”(了解),单元核心短语(描述学习月球重力)。 答案:weaker 解析:形容词比较级。than是比较级标志,weak(弱的)变weaker(更弱的),单元核心语法(描述月球与地球重力对比)。 三、书面表达(共10分)参考范文Proposal for "Exploring the Universe, Lighting Up Dreams"Dear schoolmates, Many of us know little about space exploration. Let’s take action! First, read space books like The Solar System to learn fun facts about planets. Second, use a telescope to watch stars on clear nights—you may see the Big Dipper. Third, join school science activities, such as making a Mars fact file. Exploring space helps us love science and dream big. Let’s start exploring the universe today! Yours sincerely, Li Hua Grade 8
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