高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习第2章　第2节　技巧突破

这是一份高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习第2章　第2节　技巧突破，共15页。试卷主要包含了 抓住记叙文的六要素， 掌握记叙文的三大线索， 动作描写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
读后续写以记叙文为主，这是一种以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的文体形式。要写好续写文章，理解文本是第一步。
1. 抓住记叙文的六要素
六要素包括人物、时间、地点、事件的起因、经过和结果。其中，事件的经过又包括三部分：开端→发展→高潮。在读后续写的原文中，通常只出现开端和发展两个部分，而高潮部分一般出现在续写的第一段，结果则是在续写的第二段。
2. 掌握记叙文的三大线索
三大线索包括时间线、情节线和感情线。阅读文本时要抓住这三条主线。必要时可以列出这些线索，以更好地理解文章，为续写做好准备。只有对原文的脉络线索和段落结构有正确且深刻的理解，续写的内容才能和原文紧密契合。
3. 把握文章的主旨及故事的发展方向
只有把握文章的主旨大意，才能很好地完成续写。确保续写的内容与原文在逻辑上保持一致性。
微技能2 见微知著——推测后续情节
对所给文本后面的故事情节及故事结尾的推断是写好读后续写的前提。高考所给的读后续写形式是半开放性的，这种形式既可以让考生充分发挥想象力，又能让考生有章可循。考生在推测后续情节时一般根据两个方面：第一是所给文章的情节，特别是伏笔之处；第二是所给每段的首句。
1. 根据文章的情节和伏笔。读后续写所给的文章的情节一般较为曲折，因此要把握故事情节，尤其注意所给文章里面的伏笔。
(1) 首段伏笔。文章首段可能会出现导致核心冲突产生的原因，因此我们在阅读的过程中，要善于发现这些伏笔。2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷的读后续写材料第一段中的“When I was in middle schl, my scial studies teacher asked me t enter a writing cntest. I said n withut thinking. I did nt lve writing.”说明作者一开始对写作的抵触，为作者之后的转变埋下伏笔。
(2) 情节伏笔。核心冲突的解决方案可能在故事的中间段落出现。中间段落是故事发展的过程，在这个过程中，作者也可以设置解决核心冲突的伏笔。2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷的读后续写材料中的“The pair went dwn the stairs quietly t the kitchen.”暗示了两个孩子不想惊动父母。结合这里说的是给妈妈的惊喜，出了问题肯定是由爸爸来解决，这就给续写第一段中父亲的出现埋下了伏笔。
(3) 尾段伏笔。所给材料的最后一段往往说明续写内容的发展方向。2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷的读后续写材料中的最后一段告诉我们：当我把文章交给老师时，他读了后大笑起来，说：“太好了。现在，再写一遍。”我写了一遍又一遍。当我终于写完时，获胜的念头已经让位于写作的乐趣。如果我没赢，我也不在乎。这就给我们续写第一段埋下了伏笔。
2. 利用所给每段的首句，谨记口诀：
两段首句定一框，二框二首正能量。
即：由续写的第一段首句与第二段首句确定第一段的框架，且由第二段的首句可以推测第一段的结尾；再由第二段首句与正能量结尾来确定第二段的框架。如：
根据2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷的读后续写第一段首句“当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了”和第二段首句“这对双胞胎把早餐端到楼上，叫醒了他们的母亲”，我们可以推测，双胞胎在父亲的指导下，完成了早餐的制作。因此，在续写第一段的时候，我们就可以描述双胞胎是如何在父亲的指导下做好早餐的。根据续写第二段首句可知，双胞胎把早餐做好了，并且送到了母亲的床前。这时，我们可以从母亲的心理活动、面部表情、语言、动作等方面去描述母亲的反应。
微技能3 步步为营——续写精彩华章
1. 巧用8种手法，助力闪光开头
如何写好读后续写的开头？可以使用哪些写作技能和手法？一个好的故事开头能够迅速引起读者的兴趣。
(1) 巧用副词
① Carefully, he stepped ver all the brken glass.
② Jyfully, he skipped alng beside me.
③ Immediately, an abslute darkness ruled the frest.
④ Really, the truck my dad drve ften brke dwn n the way, which made my dad in truble.
(2) 巧用形容词
① Curius t knw what was inside, he tipted int the dark cave.
② Unable t say a wrd, he was rted t the spt.
③ It was daybreak when Jane wke up. Weak as she was, she struggled t her feet, cntinuing searching fr assistance.
④ But n mre helicpters came and it was getting dark again. Desperate and hpeless, Jane knelt dwn, tears streaming dwn her face.
(3) 巧用分词短语
① Lking arund him cautiusly, he slipped int the rm and sftly clsed the dr.
② Feeling refreshed, she cntinued t walk alng the stream t find the way ut.
(4) 巧用连词
① As he walked, he whistled.
② Althugh he was afraid, he jumped right in.
(5) 巧用介词短语
① At the end f the lane he suddenly stpped.
② At the sight f the snake, the little girl screamed at the tp f her vice.
(6) 巧用对话或独白
① “Let's see wh gets there first！” Rachel shuted, as she pedalled fast and zmed past Jenny.
② “Hld n tight！” my father yelled. We just finished bucking in as the caster jerked int mtin. This was my first rller caster ride.
③ The car abruptly stpped in frnt f him. “Get int the car，” Paul shuted at Mac.
(7) 巧设问题
① Have yu ever been n a self-driving trip? Let me tell yu an exciting trip my family tk this summer.
② Why des truble always fllw me arund? D I have a “kick me” sign n my back r smething?
(8) 巧用高级句式
① 形容词(短语)作状语
形容词(短语)在句中作状语，可以表明主语所处的状态。这种表达结构简单，却表意丰富，读后续写中经常用到。如：
Hungry and tired, she lay n the grass and almst fell asleep.
她躺在草地上，又饿又累，几乎睡着了。
② with复合结构
with复合结构可以丰富句子的内容，其作用一般相当于一个状语从句，可以表示原因、条件、伴随、结果、方式等。如：
She std n the platfrm with her hand waving t her friend. 她站在站台上，朝她的朋友挥手。
③ 独立主格结构
独立主格结构的构成为“名词(代词)＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语”，其作用相当于一个状语从句。如：
The by rushed t the ld man's huse, his face cvered with sweat. 男孩冲到老人家里，满脸是汗。
④ 倒装句型
为了突出或强调句子中的某个部分，我们可以将其置于句首，形成倒装结构。如：
Never will Zhu Yang frget his first jb at the ffice f China Daily. 周洋永远不会忘记他在《中国日报》办公室获得的第一份工作。
⑤ 强调句型
强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋其他部分”。如：
Further reading made me realize that it was hard wrk and determinatin as well as her gentle nature that gt her int medical schl.
进一步的阅读让我意识到是她的努力、决心以及温柔的性格使她进入了医学院。
2. 利用两种途径，增强故事冲突
(1) 制造外部冲突
增加外部冲突是一种明显有效的、可以达到故事高潮的方式。
① 角色之间的冲突
(浙江卷)On the furth r fifth night, we had truble finding a htel with a vacancy. After driving in vain fr sme time, Mum suddenly gt a great idea: Why didn't we find a huse with a likely-lking backyard and ask if we culd set up tent there? David and I became nervus.
[分析] 开车找旅馆→徒劳无获→母亲建议在他人后院搭帐篷→David和我倍感紧张(母子的观点不一)
② 角色与环境之间的冲突
(浙江卷)Then Mac heard quick and lud breathing behind him... he saw instantly that it wasn't a dg at all, but a wlf, quickly catching up with him. Mac's heart jumped... he fired the spray at the wlf. A bright red clud envelped the animal, and t Mac's relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later... Then it... tearing pen his tent bag. He fired at the wlf a secnd time, and again, it fell back...
[分析] Mac骑车独行→偶遇一只狼→与狼搏斗，险象环生
③ 时间与决策的冲突
(浙江卷)The car abruptly stpped in frnt f him.“Get int the car，” Paul shuted at Mac. Mac jumped ff the bike and slid int the car withut delay as the wlf was just tw steps away and was abut t tear Mac int pieces. What a narrw escape!
[分析] 车突然停在他面前→急喊上车→Mac上车避险→饿狼近在咫尺
④ 障碍与目标达成的冲突
(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As the twins lked arund them in disappintment, their father appeared. Father's appearing was like a saviur t the tw children. Under the guidance f their father, they tk psitive actin and started all ver again. They made the bread and then went n cking prridge. Father helped them adjust the fire, which was the key t success. It was all right this time. Delicius breakfast was ready. Hw happy they were!
[分析] 双胞胎感到失望而寻求帮助→父亲出现→指导做饭→取得成功
(2) 放大内心冲突
放大内心冲突(文中角色的内心斗争)有助于营造一个高度紧张和不确定的时刻。充分利用环境描写可以起到烘托故事高潮的作用。当故事角色在碰到困难时，我们往往要加大笔墨来描写故事环境的黑暗、恐怖和不祥。强化环境描写既可以增加高潮元素，又能让紧张的情绪倍增。
(浙江卷)Immediately, an abslute darkness ruled the frest. Even wrse, the temperature suddenly drpped dramatically. Jane, exhausted and scared, lay dwn near a stne, missing her family at a distance. All the fantastic memry crwded in and she culdn't help crying, “Hadn't I quarrelled with Tm, walked away and climbed t the high place, I wuldn't be trapped in this awful place, cnfrnted with the danger f dying.” She regretted with endless anxiety, and then became asleep with shining tears in her eyes.
[分析] 夫妇争吵→独自行走→荒野走散[夜幕骤降——森林独处——阴森恐怖——后悔莫及(内心冲突的刻画)——内心独白(“今昔对比＋虚拟语气＋旁白描写”是常用技巧之一)]
3. 借助5种手法，打造精彩结尾
◄精彩结尾1 画面定格►
这样的收尾引人入胜，给人无限想象的空间，让人回味无穷。考生可以从人物动作的画面和具有特殊寓意的写景画面两个方面定格。
(1) 人物动作的画面定格
① (2021浙江杭州五校联考)They std there fr a mment, side by side, waiting fr the rushing hliday current and fr their place in it. Then the daughter glanced ver and mmentarily regarded her mther. And slwly, almst reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustmed affectin arund her mther's shulders and gently guided her back int the crwd.
② His hard wrk paid ff! Hlding the sda tin firmly, Reuben rushed fr the shp t buy the brch. The mment he gt the beautiful brch, he burst thrugh the frnt dr and placed it in Dra's hand. Never had Dra received such a gift. Speechless and happy, she held her sn tightly int her arms, with tears welling up in her eyes.
(2) 特殊寓意的写景画面定格
① The sky was a billin pure eyes f light and the grass green underft; it was as if night and day had becme ne beautiful mment. Dawn had cme. (黎明到来的画面)
② The mn under siege by stars seemed t lighten the night bringing frth stars that shne and hung in the blackness. The never-ending blackness cnsumed everything. (描写夜空的画面)
◄精彩结尾2 主题升华►
从故事引出道理，由浅入深，最后以升华主题结尾，总结全文。这种写法更高级、更进一步考查考生对短文的理解能力和概括能力。
① Everyne has ne persn they lk up t as a rle mdel. T me there is nne ther than my mum. She has beauty, brains, and ne f the best hearts I knw. Withut her in my life, I wuld have n idea whether I can be a famus dancer. Smeday, when I am lder and have children f my wn, I hpe I can be just as great a parent as my mum. (母爱的深远影响)
② I am extremely unhappy abut it. I think mney desn't equal happiness. And free lifestyle als desn't equal happiness. The real happiness is that everyne lves each ther, and des everything useful fr ur sciety. Mst f my classmates supprt me. But sme f them think mney is everything. In my pinin, mney can't take the place f everything, such as yur life, yur time and yur happiness. (表达自己的价值观)
◄精彩结尾3 首尾呼应►
首尾呼应的写法不仅能强调主题，引起共鸣，也能使文章结构更加紧密和自然。
① (浙江卷)
开头：I had an interesting childhd. It was filled with surprise and amusements, all because f my mther—lving, sweet, yet absent-minded and frgetful. One strange family trip we tk when I was eleven tells a lt abut her.
结尾：Despite Mum's being absent-minded and frgetful, she was still a kind and nice mum.
② (浙江卷)
开头：It was summer and my dad wanted t treat me t a vacatin like never befre. He decided t take me n a trip t the Wild West.
结尾：Never had I had such a thrilling yet dangerus vacatin befre. The special trip t the Wild West was deeply engraved in my mind.
◄精彩结尾4 对话收尾►
以简单的对话形式结尾，适合记叙文续写，日常、简单又灵活。
① Chester said his father tld him he had tried t search fr him and his brther, but bth brthers had changed their last names. “He des remember me and my lder brther and he tld me that he's been lking fr us ever since we lst cntact，” he said. Chester said his brther has since flwn t Clmbia t be reunited with Urrea as well. When asked hw the reunin with his father will change his life, Chester said, “I gt family everywhere, s it might lead t many mre trips nw.”
② They hung all the things back t the wall. Jack asked Paisley, “Are yu really willing t lead a tugh life with me？” She patted away the ashes n her hands and lked at the walls with lads f stuff n them satisfactrily, saying, “Yes! Fr me, it is nt suffering t live.”
◄精彩结尾5 结尾留白►
这样的结尾给予读者很大的想象空间。
① While she wrapped them, I tk a deep breath and asked Jy, “D yu have dinner plans？” I explained that I'd like t wait a bit befre I went back t the hspital—gave Grace and her husband sme time alne with the baby. “Wuld yu be interested in jining me in a bite t eat？” I asked. “I'd lve t，” she replied, her eyes sparkling like diamnds. And, this was the beginning f the end t my mnths f heartbreak fllwing Betsy's death. (故事结尾留白，给予读者想象空间)
② The beggar hesitated fr a mment, and then he decided t pen it. He declared alud, “Wh cares? He wanted me t have it anyway. I might as well enjy it nw.” With that, he unwrapped the white tissue paper, but t his surprise, there was n hard rck candy inside. Instead, int his fingers fell a shiny white pearl wrth thusands f dllars. (出乎意料的结局，给人惊喜和回味)
微技能4 注重细节——烘托故事情节
1. 情绪描写
描写人物的情绪和情感是常用的描写方法，恰当的情绪与情感描写能够表现文中人物的性格，推动事件的发展。在描述人物情绪与情感时既要突出文章的中心、与人物的性格吻合、符合事件发展的逻辑，又要选用恰当的词汇准确地描述人物的内心世界。
(1) 喜悦
happy adj. 感到快乐的；幸福的；使人高兴的
cheerful adj. 快乐的
excited adj. 兴奋的
jyful adj. 高兴的
pleased adj. 高兴；满意
enjy vt. 喜爱
brighten vt. (使)快活起来
delight n. 高兴 vt. 使高兴
pleasure n. 快乐
passin n. 激情
be fnd f music 喜好音乐
a satisfied lk 满意的表情
brighten ne's heart 使某人心情愉快
yell with delight 高兴得喊叫起来
set ne's heart at rest 使某人安心
be wild with delight 欣喜若狂
be in high spirits 情绪高
be excited with the success 为成功而兴奋
be n tp f the wrld 非常满意
a mixture f excitement and happiness 既兴奋又开心
(2) 悲伤、消沉
tear n. 眼泪
sb vi. 啜泣；呜咽
srrw n. 悲痛；悲伤
desperate adj. 绝望的
sadness n. 悲伤
pain n. 痛苦
release vt. 释放
grief n. 悲痛
cry ne's heart ut 悲痛欲绝
with a heavy heart 怀着悲伤的心情
with a sinking heart 心情沉重地
with a srrwful heart 怀着忧郁的心情
be seized with panic 惊慌失措
put sb. int a sentimental md 让某人很伤感
fall int despair 陷入绝望
a strng sense f lss 强烈的失落感
make ne's heart bleed 使某人伤心
be in lw spirits 情绪低
(3) 怨怒
displeasure n. 生气；不悦
glare vi. 怒目而视
frustrated adj. 懊丧；沮丧
annyed adj. 恼怒；生气
rage n. 狂怒
crss adj. 恼怒的，生气的
cmplain cnstantly 不断地抱怨
flame with anger 气得满脸通红
be displeased with ne's cnduct 对某人的行为感到不满
be easily annyed at trifles 易为琐事而恼怒
get crss with 生……的气
have a wrried lk 愁眉苦脸
ignre a cmplaint 对抱怨不予理会
express/vice a cmplaint abut 对……表示不满
run ut f the rm in a burst f anger 怒气冲冲地跑出房间
stamp ne's ft in anger 愤怒地跺脚
feel discuraged 感到气馁的
feel puzzled/cnfused 感到困惑的
(4) 其他情绪
serius adj. 严肃的
shame n. 羞愧；惭愧
yawn vi. 打哈欠
frgive vt. 原谅
kindly adj. 亲切的；和善的；体贴的
hpeless adj. 没有好转希望的，无望的
anxiety n. 焦虑
be interested in 对……感兴趣
a mixed emtin f anxiety and hpe 一种焦虑与希望交织的情绪
set ff strng feelings 引起强烈的情感
be addicted t 对……上瘾
2. 心理描写
心理描写就是对人物内心的思想活动进行描写，描写人物的思想活动既能反映人物的性格，又能展示人物的内心世界，所以，心理描写也是刻画人物思想与性格的重要手段之一。当然，心理描写还可以细腻、生动、真实地展示人物的心路历程，从而更好地揭示出人物的性格特点。通过对人物心理的描写，能够展示人物的内心世界，表现人物丰富而复杂的思想感情，还可以使文章更生动、有新意，并且能写出自己的看法和感受，使文章更充实。常用词汇如下：
hrrr n. 恐惧
frwn vi. & n. 皱眉
pen-muthed adj. 目瞪口呆的
expectatin n. 期望
unintentinally adv. 无意地
tiredness n. 疲惫
mutual understanding 互相理解
capture ne's attentin 吸引某人的注意
be cmpletely in a mess 完全一团糟
have n illusin abut sth. 对某事不抱幻想
in the belief that... 相信……
feel ut f place 感觉不得体
shw n sign f tiredness 毫无倦意
an admiring gaze 赞赏的目光
an envius glance 嫉妒的目光
ffend sb. unintentinally 无意中冒犯某人
3. 环境描写
环境描写是指对人物所处的具体的社会环境和自然环境的描写。其中，社会环境是指能反映社会、时代特征的建筑、场所、陈设等景物以及民俗民风等。自然环境是指自然界的景物，如季节变化、风霜雨雪、山川湖海、森林原野等。在读后续写时要着重描写事件发生的地理位置和天气变化等。
(1) 天气状况
rainy adj. 阴雨的；多雨的
strmy adj. 有暴风雨的；有暴风雪的
snw n. 雪
sunshine n. 阳光
vilent adj. 猛烈的；剧烈的
breeze n. 微风
a rainy seasn 多雨的季节
a strmy night 一个暴风雨之夜
cntinuus rain 连绵不断的雨
in the blinding rain 在瓢泼大雨中
be buried in snw 被埋在雪中
be unbearably ht 热得无法忍受
in the warm spring sunshine 在春天温暖的阳光里
clear up (天气)放晴
fierce/heavy/vilent strms 狂风暴雨
a timely/seasnable rain 及时雨
bathe in the sunshine 沐浴在阳光里
in the blazing/scrching/burning sun f midsummer 在盛夏的烈日下
(2) 地理位置
beach n. 海滩
village n. 村庄
situate vt. 使位于
nrthern adj. 北方的；北部的
rural adj. 农村的
beneath prep. 在……下方
rck n. 岩石
muntain n. 山
a favurably situated city 一个位置优越的城市
belw the surface f the water 在水中
a small village ff the map 一个偏僻的小村子
within a stne's thrw f the beach 离海滨仅咫尺之遥
be situated at the nrthern extremity f 位于……最北端
in a village amng the hills 在群山环抱的村庄里
a rm facing suth 朝南的房间
a thinly ppulated rural area 人烟稀少的农村地区
be lcated smewhere n the Pacific cast 位于太平洋沿岸某处
4. 动作描写
读后续写的写作过程中，成功的动作描写可以交代人物的身份、地位，可以反映人物心理活动的进程，可以表现人物的性格特征。相反，空洞、笼统的描写会使内容缺乏生动性，使人物形象不丰满。人物的动作或简单或复杂，都不是一下子就能完成的。细心观察才能捕捉到最能体现人物特征的慢镜头。因此，在描写动作时，同学们要学会细化动作，把动作过程分解成一连串细微的动作，形成动作链，写出动作的连贯性，这样才能使描写具有画面感，使人物更立体。
(1) “笑”动作描写
smile with relief 宽慰地笑
smile sweetly 嫣然一笑
explde with laughter＝rar with laughter哄堂大笑
burst int laughter＝burst ut laughing突然大笑起来
(2) “哭”动作描写
weep 哭泣
burst int tears＝burst ut crying 突然哭起来
fight back the tears 强忍住泪水
in tears哭着
(eyes) be filled with tears＝be brimming with tears＝be wet with tears 眼里噙着泪水
(3) “说”动作描写
tell sb. sth.＝tell sth. t sb.告诉某人某事
chat with sb. 和某人聊天
whisper/murmur/mumble 含糊地说/低语
(4) “看”动作描写
lk at sb./sth. 看
see sb./sth. ding 看到……正在做
stare at sb./sth. (with his eyes wide pen) (瞪大眼睛)盯着看
glare at sb. 怒目而视
(5) 身体部位动作描写
① 头部动作描写
He hung/drpped/lwered/bwed his head in shame.
他羞愧地低下了头。
They ndded their heads in agreement.
他们点头同意。
② 脸部动作描写
His eyes were wide/grew wide/widened with hrrr.
他惊恐地瞪大了眼睛。
He felt his cheeks burning with shame.
他因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烫。
③ 手部动作描写
He grasped the rpe with bth hands.
他双手抓着绳子。
He reached fr her hand and held it tightly.
他伸手够她的手并紧紧握住。
His hands trembled with fear/excitement.
他的手害怕地/激动地颤抖。
④ 臂部动作描写
He pened his arms with a brad smile.
他咧嘴笑着张开双臂。
She flded her arms and stared at him.
她双手交叉，盯着他看。
They walked alng arm in arm.
他们手挽手一起走。
⑤ 心脏动作描写
My heart beat quickly/vilently/wildly.
我心跳加速。
Inside, his heart was slwly breaking.
在内心，他的心在慢慢地碎裂。
Her wrds stung my heart.
她的话刺痛了我的心。
He set ff with a light heart.
他出发了，心情很轻松。
⑥ 腿部动作描写
wander/strll arund＝hang ut 闲逛
make ne's way thrugh the crwd tward...
穿过人群向……走来
walk with a limp 一瘸一拐地走
rush/dash t 冲向
rush/dash/hurry like the wind 像风一样奔跑
rise t ne's feet站起来
struggle t ne's feet 挣扎着站起来
bunce up and dwn 上蹿下跳
jump t ne's feet 一跃而起
微技能5 点缀修辞——增强文章感染力
适当地运用比喻、夸张、拟人、排比等修辞手法能加强文章的表现力和感染力。在平时学习中，掌握修辞手法并学会灵活运用是提高读后续写能力的关键。
◄修辞1 比喻►
比喻是最常见的修辞手法，是把两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，从而更生动、更深刻地说明道理，增强语言的表现力。比喻分为明喻和暗喻。
(1) 明喻
直接表明本体和喻体的相似之处，常用的明喻标志词有 like、as、seem、、as if、as thugh、similar t等。基本格式是：本体＋比喻词＋喻体。
① Lve is like the wind, yu can't see it but yu can feel it. (情感描写)
爱如风，你看不见，但你能感受到它。
② The huse lks smething like a castle. (景物描写)
那房子看上去有点像一座城堡。
③ Kyle lked at the test with a stare as blank as his ntebk. (情景描写)
凯尔茫然地看着试卷，头脑如同笔记本一样空白。
④ As in the depths f many seas, my heart was drwned in memries. (情绪描写)
如同在大海深处，我的心沉溺于回忆之中。
⑤ He mved like lightning befre the plice came. (动作描写)
还没等警察到来，他像闪电一样地跑了。
(2) 暗喻
暗喻也叫隐喻，本体和喻体都出现，中间常用比喻词is等连接，有时不用比喻词。暗喻的典型形式为：甲是乙，而不用like、as等比喻词。
① Her hair was a flwing glden river streaming dwn her shulders. (肖像描写)
她的头发像是一条流淌在她肩上的金色河流。
② The ld man's face is a map f time. (哲理)
老人的脸是岁月的写照。
③ I felt a lump in my thrat, tears welling up in my eyes. (情感描写)
我如鲠在喉，泪水湿润了眼眶。
④ A heavy silence blanketed the rm.(环境描写)
房间里一片寂静。
◄修辞2 夸张►
运用丰富的想象、夸张的词语渲染和修饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。
(1) 使用数词或量词
① My heart brke in a millin pieces. (情感描写)
我的心碎成了片。
② She was half dead with fear. (情感描写)
她吓得半死。
③ The backpack weighs a tn. (情景描写)
这个背包重得很。
(2) 使用动词
① The yung girl brught the huse dwn with her perfrmance. (情景描写)
这个年轻姑娘的表演博得了满堂喝彩。
② It made me jump ut f my skin. (情感描写)
吓得我魂不附体。
③ I almst laughed my head ff. (情感描写)
我都快笑死了。
④ My bld frze. (情感描写)
我的血液都凝固了。
⑤ She cried her eyes ut. (情感描写)
她痛哭流涕。
⑥ It brught her heart int her muth. (情感描写)
她的心都提到嗓子眼了。
(3) 使用形容词和副词
写作中常用形容词或副词修饰微不足道的事情，目的是渲染一种气氛，强调某种程度，如extremely、awfully、terribly、perfectly、hrribly等副词；miserable、hrrible、splendid等形容词。
① The experiment went terribly wrng. (情景描写)
这次实验出了大问题。
② We've all had a splendid time. (情感描写)
我们大家都玩得很开心。
(4) 使用介词短语
① She went hme in a fld f tears. (情感描写)
她泪如泉涌地回家去了。
② When they tld me the news, I was ver the mn. (情感描写)
当他们告诉我这个消息时，我欣喜若狂。
◄修辞3 拟人►
把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化，使语言生动形象，更有感染力。
(1) 把自然现象拟人化
① The wind std up and gave a shut. (景物描写)
大风凛冽，发出怒吼。
② The breeze gently kissed her cheeks. (景物描写)
微风轻柔地亲吻着她的脸庞。
③ The feathery snwflakes danced in the night air, making a beautiful picture. (景物描写)
鹅毛般的雪花在夜空中飞舞，像一幅美丽的图画。
④ The mist swallwed him up. (景物描写)
薄雾把他包围了起来。
⑤ Stars winked at me in a darkening sky. (景物描写)
夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。
(2) 把抽象的概念拟人化
① Fear seized/swallwed him. (情感描写)
恐惧把他吞噬了。
② Anger chked my wrds. (情感描写)
我气得说不出话来。
③ A gd idea suddenly struck me. (情景描写)
我突然想到一个好主意。
④ Smile tk hld f him. (情感描写)
他笑容满面。
⑤ Anxiety trn him int pieces. (情感描写)
他焦虑不安，十分崩溃。
⑥ Excitement deprived me f all pwer f speech. (情感描写)
我兴奋得啥也说不出来了。
(3) 把动物拟人化
① In the dead f night, the crickets(蟋蟀) played n the terrace f the huse. (景物描写)
夜深人静时，蟋蟀在房子的阳台上玩耍。
② Birds in the tree are singing a beautiful sng.
(景物描写)
树上的小鸟在唱着美妙的歌曲。
③ Fireflies patrl the grass with small lanterns.
(景物描写)
萤火虫提着小灯笼在草丛中巡逻。
◄修辞4 排比►
排比也称平行，是把结构相同或相似、意思密切相关、语气一致的词语或句子成串地排列的一种修辞方法，利用意义相关或相近，结构相同或相似和语气相同的词组(主、谓、动、宾)或句子并排(三句或三句以上)或段落并排(两段即可)，达到一种加强语气的效果。
① Mther was very busy gathering the laundry, dusting the furniture and washing the dishes. (动作描写)
母亲正忙着收拾要洗的衣服，擦去家具上的灰尘和洗碗。
② Whether in class, at wrk, r at hme, James was always busy. (情景描写)
无论是在课堂上，在工作中，还是在家里，詹姆斯总是很忙。
③ Dn't make prmise when yu are in jy. Dn't reply when yu are sad. Dn't take a decisin when yu are angry. Think twice and act wisely. (哲理)
别在喜悦的时候许下承诺；别在悲伤的时候做出回答；别在愤怒的时候作出决定。三思而后行。