高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品课后练习题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品课后练习题，共13页。

主题词汇积累
take up a psitin 担任；任职
cme t pwer 掌权；上台
wear and tear 磨损；损耗
cmmit neself t (sth/ding sth/d sth) 承诺；保证
sum up 总结；概括
as a cnsequence / in cnsequence 结果；因此
be distinct frm 与……截然不同
cme t/draw a cnclusin 得出结论
insist n 坚决要求
时文拓展阅读
Hedy Lamarr was used t being admired fr her lks. As a Hllywd film star, she was called "the mst beautiful wman in the wrld". What she was less knwn fr was her scientific thinking ability. During Wrld War I, Lamarr quietly c-invented the technlgy that wuld be the precursr（前身）t Bluetth, Wi-Fi and ther systems we rely n tday.
She had a natural curisity abut the wrld arund her. As yung as 5, she wuld spend time taking apart and rebuilding her music bx t understand hw it wrked. At 16, she gt her first film rle and quickly became an internatinal icn（偶像）. As her acting career cntinued t take ff. Wrld War II brke ut. Lamarr became restless, feeling that she shuld d mre t cntribute t the Allies' war effrts. "Lamarr said that she did nt feel very cmfrtable, sitting there in Hllywd and making lts f mney when things were in such a state," says Gerge Antheil.
Tgether with Antheil, Lamarr came up with a grundbreaking new frm f wireless cmmunicatin knwn as Spread Spectrum（频谱）. The cncept was t create a wireless signal that culd travel quickly frm frequency t frequency. But the military refused t use it in their war effrts. The technlgy sat unused fr years, until ne day in the 1960s, the military accepted it and called the system "Spread like Wildfire".
Hedy Lamarr played the rle she was expected t play in Hllywd—a beautiful star n the big screen. And withut her, cmmunicatin culd lk cmpletely different tday. Lamarr's experience can serve as a reminder：Pursue yur talents and passins. Nt nly will the wrld be better fr it, but every pineer wh challenges the ld will pave the way fr thers t fllw.
【译文欣赏】
海蒂·拉玛习惯于因美貌而备受赞赏。作为好莱坞电影明星，她被誉为“世界上最美丽的女人”。但她鲜为人知的是其科学思维能力。在第一次世界大战期间，拉玛悄悄地与人共同发明了一项技术，这项技术成为了如今我们所依赖的蓝牙、Wi-Fi 等系统的前身。
她对周围的世界有着天生的好奇心。五岁时，她就会花时间拆解并重新组装自己的音乐盒，以了解其工作原理。16 岁时，她获得了自己的第一个电影角色，并迅速成为国际偶像。随着她的演艺事业蒸蒸日上，第二次世界大战爆发了。拉玛变得焦躁不安，觉得自己应该为盟军的战争努力做出更多贡献。“拉玛说，当局势如此紧张时，她坐在好莱坞赚大钱，感觉很不舒服。”乔治·安泰尔说道。
拉玛与安泰尔一起发明了一种开创性的新型无线通信方式，称为扩频技术。其概念是创建一种能够在不同频率间快速切换的无线信号。但军方拒绝在战争中使用它。这项技术闲置多年，直到 20 世纪 60 年代的一天，军方才接受了它，并将其命名为“野火蔓延”系统。
海蒂·拉玛在好莱坞扮演了人们期望她扮演的角色——大银幕上的美丽明星。而没有她，如今的通信可能会截然不同。拉玛的经历可以提醒我们：追求你的才能和激情。这不仅会让世界变得更美好，而且每一个挑战旧秩序的先驱都会为后来者铺平道路。
【词汇积累】
be used t 习惯于；
be knwn fr 因……而出名；
rely n依赖；
spend… ding花费…做…
take ff起飞，事业腾飞；
play the rle起作用；
came up with想出；
【特殊句型】
Nt nly will the wrld be better fr it, but every pineer wh challenges the ld will pave the way fr thers t fllw.
句型分析：
1. 句型结构：
这是一个 "Nt nly... but (als)..."（不仅……而且……）的倒装句，用于强调两个相关联的积极结果。
前半部分（倒装）： "Nt nly will the wrld be better fr it"
正常语序："The wrld will nt nly be better fr it."
"Nt nly"放在句首时，后面要用部分倒装（助动词提前），即 *"will the wrld be..." 而不是 "the wrld will be..."。
后半部分（正常语序）： "but every pineer wh challenges the ld will pave the way fr thers t fllw."
"but" 后可加 *"als"（口语中常省略），表示递进。
"wh challenges the ld" 是定语从句，修饰 *"every pineer"。
"pave the way fr thers t fllw"* 是固定表达，意为“为他人铺路/开辟道路”。
2. 核心成分：
主语： "the wrld"（前半句）、"every pineer"（后半句）
谓语： "will be"（前半句）、"will pave"（后半句）
关键修饰：
"wh challenges the ld"（限定“先驱者”的特征）
"fr thers t fllw"（表目的，说明“铺路”的作用）
3. 句意解析：
这句话强调：
1.挑战旧事物会让世界变得更美好（"the wrld will be better fr it"）；
2.每一位挑战旧事物的先驱者都会为后来者开辟道路（"pave the way fr thers"）。
4. 类似句型（可替换表达）：
倒装强调：
"Nt nly des innvatin drive prgress, but it als inspires future generatins."
非倒装形式：
"The wrld will nt nly benefit frm it, but pineers will als create paths fr thers."
①clean up 清理；打扫
②a series f 一系列的，一连串的
③get used t 习惯于；适应于
④take ... 把……看作是……
⑤take n 承担
⑥kind f 在某种程度上
综合实战演练
Passage 1
Fang Wenshan, knwn fr his petic and artistic wrks, ften draws inspiratin frm ancient Chinese petry. His lyrics (歌词), featured in Chinese-style pp sngs perfrmed by Taiwan singer Jay Chu, charm (吸引) audiences acrss the Taiwan Straits and regins influenced by Chinese culture.
Fang’s wrk has played an imprtant rle in ppularizing Chinese-style pp music, earning lts f awards and cntributing t Jay Chu’s albums fr ver half f his career. His lyrics, such as “The deep blue and pearl white glw like prcelain,” shw his ability t jin traditinal ideas and mdern themes tgether, setting him apart in the music industry.
What’s mre, he is devted t prmting traditinal culture. He expressed his willingness t share its spirits with a wider audience thrugh varius cultural factrs, including Hanfu cultural festivals, tea culture experiences, and s n. He, wh has hsted Hanfu cultural festivals fr 12 years, believes that pp culture can give new life t traditinal culture. He shares his driving frce with the Glbal Times, stating, “What a persn creates riginates frm his r her values. I have created a number f lyrics as I am deeply fnd f the essences f traditinal Chinese culture. The strng recgnitin f cultural identity is an imprtant engine fr me t prmte the Hanfu culture thrugh the event”.
Fang’s jurney in traditinal Chinese culture began during his schl years in Taiwan, where he immersed himself in classical literature, particularly Sng Dynasty petry, which cntinues t influence his wrk tday. He reflects: “N ne tld me that yu have t walk alng this way in yur career, but I lve the cultural atmsphere s I naturally fund the directin”.
1．Which f the fllwing can best describe Fang Wenshan’s lyrics?
A．They are criticized fr being traditinal.
B．They are rarely featured in mdern pp music.
C．They have played an insignificant rle in Jay Chu’s albums.
D．They have cntributed t the ppularity f Chinese-style pp music.
2．What makes Fang utstanding in the music industry?
A．His ability t explre Chinese culture.B．His ability t fcus n mdern themes.
C．His ability t cmbine the ld and the new.D．His ability t create music using simple wrds.
3．What drives Fang Wenshan t prmte Hanfu culture?
A．T strengthen the recgnitin f cultural identity.B．T ppularize Chinese-style pp music.
C．T get media attentin and make great prfits.D．T create mre lyrics t amuse peple.
4．Which f the fllwing can best describe Fang?
A．Devted and grateful.B．Unique and creative.
C．Humrus and helpful.D．Determined and selfless.
Passage 2
A famus American pet Rbert Frst nce said, “Petry is what gets lst in translatin. ”But XuYuanchng, well-knwn Chinese translatr, had tried t cnvey the beauty f ancient Chinese petry thrughut his life. His teacher Qian Zhngshu cmmented n his petry translatin, “Yu are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm, but the dance shws amazing freedm and beauty, which is quite impressive.”
Since 1978, Xu had published mre than 100 translated wrks in Chinese, English and French, reaching millins f readers at hme and abrad. Mst ntably, he translated Chinese pems int rhymed verses in bth English and French. He was als the first Asian winner f the Aurra Brealis Prize fr Outstanding Translatin f Fictin Literature.
Xu was knwn t be very fastidius in his wrk. Fr him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range f cntent. Fllwing this principle, Xu kept nt nly faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translatin.
Thrugh Xu’s translatins, time-hnred Chinese wisdm has made an impact n Western scieties and the wrld. Fr example, when frmer US president Barack Obama tried t begin a healthcare prject during his presidency, sme senatrs disagreed at first. But after reading the pem titled Fishing in Snw translated by Xu, ne senatr was s impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chse t part with the party line t supprt Obama.
Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a rutine. Every day he translated abut1, 000 wrds, wrking till 3 t 4 a. m., sleeping fr abut 3 hurs and getting up at 6 a. m. t cntinue.“ Translatin is a means f cmmunicating with the writer’s sul. A sudden flicker f a gd wrd r a gd line thrills every pre (毛孔) and every inch f my skin,” Xu said.
5．What des the text tell us abut Xu Yuanchng?
A．He mastered at least three freign languages.
B．He translated abut 100 Chinese wrks int English.
C．He was the first winner f the Aurra Brcalis Prize.
D．He was widely knwn fr his translated rhymed verses.
6．What des the underlined wrd “fastidius” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Particular.B．Satisfied.C．Inventive.D．Prductive.
7．Why des the authr give the example in Paragraph 4?
A．T recmmend Xu’s translatin wrks.B．T stress the charm f Chinese petry.
C．T shw Xu’s great translatin skills.D．T prve the wisdm f the ancient Chinese.
8．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Xu?
A．Thughtful and mdest.B．Generus and bjective
C．Creative and pen-minded.D．Devted and hard-wrking.
Passage 3
Grdn Brwn was brn in Sctland in 1951. His childhd was a brilliant success because f his intellectual strength. He was accepted int middle schl at 10. At 16 he became the yungest student at the University f Edinburgh.
“At that time, he was a lucky by, gd at almst everything,” said his ld friend Murray Elder. Hwever, setbacks (挫折) fell n the brilliant by. After a rugby injury, he became blind in his left eye. Befre lng, similar symptms (症状) develped in his right eye. “I lay in the hspital bed in ttal darkness, uncertain abut my future,” said Brwn.
Lking back n the past, Brwn didn’t cmplain abut his bad luck. He even said, “One dr clses; yu can’t play rugby any mre, s yu fcus n ther things.”
Brwn was interested in student plitics in university, which helped a lt in his plitical career later in life.
In 1997, Brwn was made Chancellr f the Exchequer (财政大臣). He has succeeded in giving the cuntry a high rate f emplyment and the lngest perid f ecnmic grwth in its histry.
Cmpared with his successful career, Brwn’s family life is full f dwns. He lst his first daughter ten days after her birth. His ne-year-ld yungest sn has a deadly disease. “These accidents make me appreciate my life mre,” he said.
9．Grdn Brwn was successful in his childhd because he .
A．was very intelligent
B．went t middle schl at ten
C．played rugby very well
D．became the yungest student at the University f Edinburgh
10．When Grdn Brwn lked back n the past, he .
A．still had hpe fr the future
B．wished that he had nt played rugby
C．believed that his dr was clsed
D．felt very sad abut his misfrtune
11．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut Grdn Brwn?
A．He didn’t like plitics at university.
B．He became Chancellr f the Exchequer at 48.
C．He did a gd jb t imprve the natinal ecnmy.
D．He didn’t d well fr the cuntry’s emplyment rate.
Passage 4
The wrld has lst ne f its brightest stars. British physicist Stephen Hawking dies n March 14， 2018， at the age f 76.
Hawking is prbably the wrlds mst famus scientist after Albert Einstein. He is an expert n black hles and the Big Bang Thery. He has devted his whle life t digging int the beginning (and the end) f the universe. His 1988 bk A Brief Histry f Time， which cntains his understanding f the universe， is ne f the biggest-selling science bks f all time.
“My gal is simple，” Hawking nce said. “It is t cmpletely understand the universe， why it is as it is and why it is there at all.”
Hawkings achievements are even greater if yu think abut his disability. When he was 21， Hawking caught a bad illness that slwly stpped him frm mving r talking. Fr a perid f time， he had n way t cmmunicate except by blinking (眨眼). Later he sat n a wheelchair with a cmputer by his side. T cmmunicate， he mved tw fingers t cntrl the cmputers muse. He selected his wrds frm the screen， which were then spken by a vice synthesizer (語音合成器).
“I have had the disease fr mst f my life，” Hawking nce said. “Yet it has nt stpped me frm being successful at my wrk.”
Thugh Hawking was a disabled man， he made great achievements. He received many awards and prizes fr his wrk during his lifetime. This included winning the Albert Einstein Award， which stands fr the highest achievement in theretical physics.
Despite the fact that hes n lnger with us， his legacy will surely live n. As Sajid Javid， a UK gvernment minister， put it， “A brief histry n Earth; an eternity in the stars.”
12．What is the black hles and the Big Bang Thery abut?
A．The physics.B．The stars.C．The universe.D．The time.
13．What des the underlined prnun “it” in the third paragraph refer t?
A．The universe.B．The earth.C．The gal.D．The black hle.
14．Accrding t the text， which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?
A．Hawking received many awards and prizes except the Albert Einstein Award.
B．The illness kept him frm mving and talking.
C．He cmmunicated with thers by speaking.
D．The illness stpped him frm being successful.
15．What can we knw abut Hawking frm Sajid Javids wrds?
A．The histry f the earth is t shrt.
B．The stars in the universe are eternal.
C．His bk A Brief Histry f Time is t shrt.
D．His spirit and achievements will live n frever.
Passage 5
Cimabue, the greatest painter f a Middle Ages in Italy, was surprised ne day after his lunch break t discver that a fly had seated itself under the nse f a character that he had been wrking n. He swatted (重拍) at the fly, but it did nt mve. He reached ut t tuch the insect, nly t find it was nly wet paint. Turning arund, he saw that his apprentice (学徒), Gitt, was laughing. Gitt had painted the fly when Cimabue was away, and it lked s real that Cimabue had been cmpletely fled.
Gitt di Bndne was brn int a pr family in a village. Legend has it that ne day, when Cimabue was wandering arund the cuntryside, he sptted a yung shepherd by drawing pictures f his sheep, which were s vivid that Cimabue immediately asked him t cme t Flrence and learn hw t paint. That was hw Gitt’s stry began in Flrence, where the yung student flurished under Cimabue s instructin and sn surpassed his master in skill.
At that time, peple in paintings didn’t lk real, and the symblism f art was difficult fr viewers t cnnect with it. Innvatin (创新) was nt stressed, s art had remained the same fr hundreds f years.
Hwever, Gitt thught art shuld be smething mre cnnected with peple in a mre realistic way. His masterpieces included the frty majr fresces (壁画) fr the Arena Chapel. Adpting many techniques that were uncmmn then, he painted peple the way he saw them, instead f the verly tall and bxy peple that ther artists painted. He created three-dimensinal space by using perspective, smething that had nt been dne since Rman times.
In additin t painting, Gitt wrte petry and drew architectural plans. When Gitt was in his sixties, he painted the Ognissanti Madmma, anther famus wrk f art. He cntinued wrking until the age f seventy. The ideas Gitt brught t painting thrughut his life revlutinized the art wrld and made him ne f the greatest painters ever.
16．What des the anecdte in paragraph 1 tell us abut Gitt?
A．His humrB．His talentC．His curageD．His determinatin
17．Hw did Cimabue feel abut Gitt’s painting when they first met?
A．ImpressedB．StressedC．DubtfulD．Cncerned
18．What made Gitt’s wrks distinguished at that time?
A．Vivid clrsB．Classic skills
C．Original cmpsitinD．Lifelike quality
19．Which f the fllwing best summarizes Gitt’s stry?
A．Great minds think alikeB．Innvatin is the vitality f art
C．Cnstant dripping wears away a stneD．A slw sparrw shuld make an early start
Passage 6
Daniel Brush, an astnishing wrker in gld, jewels and steel died n Nvember 2022, aged 75. Students frm a jewellery schl nce came t Brush’s studi, a lft in mid-Manhattan, awed t be meeting a figure wh, t them, was a wrker f miracles.
Fr 45 years in that lft, he had pursued his calling. His wife Olivia was the nly cmpany. He prduced hundreds f bjects f all srts, mst f them exquisite and many astnishingly small. Rather than use electricity, he labured alne in a frest f antique machines and when tls frustrated him he made his wn, displaying them in cupbards as art in themselves.
Abve all else, he wrked in gld. His bsessin tk fire when at 13 he saw an Etruscan gld bwl in the Victria and Albert Museum. The ancient technique f applying gld beads as fine as sand-grains t a curved gld surface withut slder (焊接), was stunning, but s was the lightness f spirit.
He reslved then that he wuld make such a bwl, and gld became the study f his life. Simply t watch it melt, turn t red-ht and white-ht, then glw purple, was magical. T hld pure gld grain and let it mve slwly thrugh his fingers restred his calm f spirit. His chief mtivatin, he said, was t understand the material and, thrugh that, himself. He wndered why his heart had beaten s fast in the museum that day. Gld in particular had a message fr him. His cntact with this glrius metal might fcus all his attentin and help him t hear it.
He develped delicate craftsmanship, with each bject virtually a museum piece. Fr Daniel Brush, he lved the idea that ne might take a piece made by Brush ut f a pcket, let its beauty pass frm mind t mind, and smile. That t was what its maker was after.
20．What can we learn abut Daniel Brush?
A．Students visited him regularly.
B．He began t live in his lft in 1975.
C．He tended t use ancient crafts t prduce bjects.
D．Mst bjects he prduced were f a surprisingly small size.
21．What is the main reasn fr his lifelng study f gld?
A．He wanted t learn mre abut bth gld and himself.
B．He wndered why his heart had beat fast in the museum.
C．His calm was restred when gld grain mved thrugh fingers.
D．Gld had a particular message fr him and he was eager t hear it.
22．Which f the fllwing can best describe Daniel Brush?
A．Stubbrn.B．Wealthy.C．Dedicated.D．Lnely.
23．What des the authr try t emphasize in the last paragraph?
A．Brush’s valuable wrks.B．The admirers Brush expected.
C．Brush’s desire fr fame.D．The artistic ideal Brush pursued.
Passage 7
At 1:43 a. m, Bertzzi was awakened by a phne call frm a Nbel cmmittee representative wh, revealing the mmentus news, tld her, “Yu have 50 minutes t cllect yurself and wait until yur life changes.”
Instructed nt t share the annuncement utside f her tightest inner circle, the first persn Bertzzi called was her father, William Bertzzi, a retired physics prfessr frm MIT. “He’s 91 and, f curse, he was just verjyed,” said Bertzzi. “And then he called my sisters fr me. One f my sisters and my dad watched it live.”
Bertzzi was recgnized fr funding the field f birthgnal chemistry (生物正交化学), a set f chemical reactins that allw researchers t study mlecules (分子) and their interactins in living things withut invlving natural bilgical prcesses, Bertzzi’s lab has been using the new methds t answer fundamental questins abut the rle f sugars in bilgy, t slve practical prblems, such as develping better tests fr infectius diseases, and t create a new medicine that can better target tumrs (肿瘤).
“I culd nt be mre delighted that Bertzzi has wn the Nbel Prize in chemistry,” said Stanfrd President Marc Tessier-Lavigne. “In pineering the field f birthgnal chemistry, Bertzzi invented a new way f studying bimlecular prcesses, ne that has helped scientists arund the wrld gain deeper understanding f chemical reactins in living systems. Being a crwn jewel in chemistry, her wrk has had remarkable real-wrld impact. The research achievements have been used t study hw cells build prteins and ther mlecules, t develp new cancermedicines, and t prduce new materials fr energy strage, amng many ther applicatins.”
“They call and I’m nt even awake ... have hundreds f vicemails. This is hw it’s ging t be all day. This is crazy,” she said. Pausing between interviews abut tw hurs later t check her messages, Bertzzi said, “My family is already bking their flights t Stckhlm. It’s amazing. G back t sleep!”
24．Why was a call made t Bertzzi at midnight?
A．T warn her f sme emergency.B．T infrm her f winning the prize.
C．T make preparatins fr a meeting.D．T cllect things t visit her relatives.
25．What des Bertzzi’s lab use the new methds t d?
A．Develp a new drug fr cancer.B．Prduce mre nutritius sugars.
C．Separate bilgy frm chemistry.D．Find cures fr infectius diseases.
26．What des the underlined part “a crwn jewel” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．The king’s treasure.B．The universal fcus.
C．The mst cmplex part.D．The mst valuable breakthrugh.
27．What kind f persn is Bertzzi?
A．Curageus and quiet.B．Helpful and generus.
C．Wild and hard-wrking.D．Pineering and Creative.
Passage 8
An 89-year-ld man frm the American state f Rhde Island has reached a gal he spent 20 years wrking tward and nearly a lifetime thinking abut. He earned his Ph, D．and became a physicist.
Manfred Steiner successfully passed his paper recently at Brwn University in Prvidence. Steiner values this degree because it is what he always wanted, and because he vercame health prblems that culd have affected his studies t get it.
As a yung persn in Vienna, Austria, Steiner wanted t becme a physicist after reading abut Albert Einstein. But after Wrld War I, his mther and uncle tld him that studying medicine wuld be a better chice. He earned his medical degree in 1955 and mved t the United States sn after. In America, he had a wnderful career studying bld. Then he became a full prfessr and led the hematlgy (血液学) department at Brwn’s medical schl frm 1985 t 1994. Steiner helped set up, a research prgram in hematlgy at the University f Nrth Carlina. He directed that prgram until he retired frm medicine in 2000 and returned t Rhde Island.
Steiner fund medical research pleasing, but it was nt quite the same as his interest in physics. At age 70, he started taking undergraduate classes. He was planning t just take a few classes that interested him. But by 2007, he had managed t jin the dctral prgram.
Physics prfessr Brad Marstn was surprised when Steiner entered his class. But the prfessr sn realized hw serius Steiner was abut the subject and hw hard he wrked. “He has written many papers in medical science, mre papers than I’ve written in physics. He already had a scientific way f thinking that yunger students have t develp,” Marstn said. Steiner nw hpes t help the prfessrs he befriended during his studies with their research.
28．What happened t Steiner n his way t get a Ph, D．in physics?
A．He left the United States.
B．He began t dislike medicine.
C．His physical cnditin was bad.
D．He was always supprted by his mther.
29．What des paragraph 3 mainly tell us abut Steiner?
A．His interesting classes.
B．His career in medicine.
C．His effrt t becme a physicist.
D．His childhd experiences in Austria.
30．What is Marstn’s attitude t Steiner’s study f physics?
A．Oppsed.B．Psitive.C．Uncaring.D．Impatient.
31．Which wrd can best describe Steiner?
A．Odd.B．Ashamed.C．Athletic.D．Hardwrking.