高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists优秀导学案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists优秀导学案，共13页。学案主要包含了词汇清单，知识点精讲，语法清单，写作清单等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、词汇清单
二、知识点精讲
知识点1 frustrate vt.使沮丧,使懊恼;阻止,防止
【教材原句】 As a yung dctr, Jnh Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera.作为一名年轻的医生，琼恩·斯诺感到很沮丧，因为他发现没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。（教材p2）
【拓展】
(1)frustrate sb/ sth使沮丧,使受挫
(2)frustrated adj. 懊恼的，沮丧的，失意的，没有得到满足的
get frustrated 感到沮丧
be /feel frustrated at/ with sth 对某事感到沮丧/不满
(3)frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的,令人懊恼的
(4)frustratin n. (U) 沮丧; 受挫 （C）令人沮丧的事物
difficulties and frustratins困难和令人懊恼之处
in frustratin 懊恼地；沮丧地
【写作佳句】When things g wrng, all f us naturally feel disappinted and frustrated.
出问题时，我们自然而然都会觉得失望和沮丧。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①It's frustrating (frustrate) t have t wait s lng.
②The result, nt unnaturally, was that he became mre tense and increasingly frustrated (frustrate).
③It was a time fraught with difficulties and frustratins (frustrate).
翻译句子
④他沮丧地把笔扔在了桌子上。He__threw__his__pen__n__the__desk__in__frustratin.
⑤没有进展，他们感到懊恼。They__felt__frustrated__at/with__the__lack__f__prgress.
知识点2 suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
【教材原句】 Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。（教材p2）
【拓展】
(1)suspect (that) ... 怀疑/认为……
suspect sb t be ... 怀疑某人是……
suspect ... f (ding) sth 怀疑……(做了)某事
(2)suspected adj. 有嫌疑的；被怀疑的
(3)suspicius adj. 多疑的；感觉可疑的
be suspicius f ... 对……怀疑
(4)suspicin n. 怀疑；嫌疑；猜疑
【写作佳句】If yu suspect a gas leak, d nt strike a match r even turn n an electric light.
假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至连电灯都不要开。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①Sme parents hesitate t take these steps because they suspect that their child is exaggerating.
②He stared at that suspected brken arm with a suspicius lk. (suspect)
翻译句子
③然而，许多科学家怀疑噪音比他们之前认为的更危险。
Hwever,__many__scientists__suspect__that__nise__is__a__greater__danger__than__they__previusly__believed.
④起初，所有的老师都怀疑他是个骗子，但结果证明他们错了。
All__the__teachers__suspected__him__t__be__a__cheat__at__first,__but__it__turned__ut__that__they__were__wrng.
知识点3 blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责n. 责备；指责
【教材原句】 Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。（教材p2）
【拓展】
blame sb fr sth 因某事而责备某人
blame sth n sb 把某事怪到某人头上
be t blame (fr ...) 应该(为……) 负责任；该(因……)受责备
take the blame fr ... 对……负责
put/lay the blame (fr sth) n sb (把某事)归咎于某人身上
【写作佳句】She was partly t blame fr failing t lk as she crssed the rad.
她横穿马路时没有看车，应承担部分责任。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①I dn't blame him fr getting angry—she's being really annying.
②Anything that ges wrng in the ffice is blamed n Pete.
完成句子
③每当出了问题，他总是试图将责任归咎于别人。
He always tries t lay/put__the__blame__n__thers when smething ges wrng.
④如果你丢掉了工作，你只能怪你自己。
If yu lse yur jb, yu'll nly have__yurself__t__blame.
知识点4 link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联
【教材原句】 Mrever, Snw was later able t shw a link between ther cases f chlera and the different water cmpanies in Lndn.此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。（教材p3）
【拓展】
【写作佳句】Despite living in different cuntries, the tw families have maintained clse links.
尽管生活在不同的国家，这两个家庭仍然保持着密切的联系。
【经典练】补全句子
①The hearts f the peple f all the natinalities are linked t/with each ther.
②Scial custms prvide a vital link between generatins.
翻译句子
③The ld Silk Rad linked China with the West in ancient times.
古丝绸之路在古代把中国和西方联系起来。
知识点5 decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
【教材原句】 Thrugh Snw's tireless effrts , water cmpanies began t sell clean water, and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease.经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。（教材p3）
【拓展】
【写作佳句】The number f pr men is n the decrease as the ecnmy is grwing.
随着经济发展，贫困人口数量正在减少。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①Plants decreased by 28 percent ver 40 years.
②Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.
③The new law has cme int effect, and the number f wild animals here is n the increase nw.
翻译句子
④他的身高增加了2.5厘米。
His__height__increased__by__2.5__cm.
⑤和去年相比，今年小麦的价格已降低了20%。
Cmpared__with__last__year,__the__price__f__wheat__has__decreased__by__20%__this__year.
知识点6 pur vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
【教材原句】 A nn-Newtnian fluid is strange because yu can pur it like a liquid, but if yu put any pressure n it, it suddenly becmes hard as cncrete.非牛顿流体很奇特，因为它可以像液体一样倾倒，但只要对其施加任何压力，它就会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。（教材p7）
【拓展】
【写作佳句】A large number f turists pur int the scenic spt, making it very crwded.
大量的游客涌入景区，使得景区十分拥挤。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①She pured ut her trubles t me ver a cup f cffee.
②News, facts and pinins pur in frm every crner f the wrld.
翻译句子
③I used t pur time and energy int prjects that were dmed frm the start.
过去我总是将时间和精力投入到一些从一开始就注定要失败的项目上。
④朋友是那些我们在悲伤之时可以敞开心扉之人。(读后续写之友谊)
Friends__are__thse__whm__we__can__pur__ut__ur__heart__t__when__we're__sad.
知识点7 defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解
【教材原句】 Hwever, after the Snghu Battle brke ut in 1932, Qian made the decisin t switch his majr t aviatin because he realised that China needed its wn pwerful air frce t prtect and defend the cuntry.不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，决定改学航空专业。（教材p7）
【拓展】
【写作佳句】While entering a strange yard in that village, yu have t defend yurself against the guard dg.
当你进入那个村子里一个陌生的院子时，你必须保护自己不受看门狗的伤害。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①All ur fficers are trained t defend themselves frm/against knife attacks.
②If crnered, the snake will defend itself (it).
③Nbdy spke ut in his defence (defend)．
翻译句子
④她做好了随时保卫家人和国家的准备。
She__has__always__been__ready__t__defend__nt__nly__the__family__but__als__the__cuntry.
知识点8 gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
【教材原句】 Stephen Hawking was ne f the mst famus and gifted scientists in physics.史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。（教材p8）
【拓展】
【写作佳句】 Sme f these gifted peple may have dne prly in schl because their gifts were nt schlastic.
有些有天赋的人可能在学校表现不佳，因为他们的天赋不是学术方面的。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①She was an accmplished pianist, a superb swimmer, and a gifted (gift) artist.
②Brain is gifted in cmpsing; he is very likely t be a Beethven.
翻译句子
③学校常常不能满足资优学生的需求。
Schls__ften__fail__t__meet__the__needs__f__gifted__children.
知识点9 fault n. 弱点；过错
【教材原句】 Abve all, Hawking was willing t admit his faults. 最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。（教材p7）
【拓展】
【写作佳句】There was nt a single thing abut her that ne culd find fault with.
在她身上找不出一点让别人挑剔的地方。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①It's nt his (he) fault that he's s arrgant—he was brn that way.
②He culd never accept that he had been at fault.
完成句子
③但事实上，并不是你记忆力的问题。
But, in fact, it's nt yur memry that is__at__fault．
④他最喜欢做的事就是找我的茬。
What he likes t d best is t__find__fault__with__me．
三、语法清单
表语从句
【感知·语法规律】
1.Ihe questin is whether we can finish the wrk n time.
2.What I want t knw is hw he managed t d it.
3.The truble is where we can find such a persn.
4.It seems that he knws everything.
5.The imprtant thing is that we shuld learn frm mistakes.
【精讲·语法知识】
1.eq \a\vs4\al(表语从句：在主从复合句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。)
2.表语从句的判断：系动词后的成分为表语。系动词后的从句为表语从句
3.系动词主要是be动词（am, is, are, was, were)，意为“是”。
其它系动词：
1)持续系动词（表示主语持续或保持一种状况或态度）：
keep, remain, stay, stand
2) “像”系动词（表示看起来像）：seem, appear, lk
3)感官系动词：lk, feel, smell, sund, taste
4)变化系动词（主语变成什么样）：becme, grw, turn, fall, get, g
5)终止系动词（主语已终止动作）：prve, turn ut
4.引导词：
5.表语从句的语法规则
（1）表语从句和宾语从句、主语从句一样，要用陈述语序：主语+谓语。
The questin is hw can I make yu understand the knwledge.（错误）
The questin is hw I can make yu understand the knwledge.（正确）
（2）表语从句的引导词没有if
The questin is if it is wrthwhile t d it.（错误）
The questin is whether it is wrthwhile t d it.（正确）
只用whether ,不用if的情况：whether t d；whether……r nt；介词后的宾语从句；从句：句首的主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
（3）表语从句的虚拟语气：在表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词 idea, advice, suggestin, request, prpsal 等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“shuld + 动词原形”，shuld可省略。
My prpsal is that we (shuld) start early tmrrw.
（4）as if/as thugh 引导的表语从句常跟在lk, seem, sund, feel等后面。
1)语气：若表示真实情况：用陈述语气；若表示非真实情况：用虚拟语气。
Dark cluds are gathering. It lks as if it’s ging t rain.（真实情况）
It seemed as if the night wuld never end.（非真实情况）
2)as if/as thugh 引导的表语从句的虚拟语气：
若跟现在事实不符：过去式（be动词用were）
若跟过去事实不符：had dne
若跟将来事实不符：wuld/culd+动词原形
The little by talks as if he knew everything in the wrld.（跟现在事实不符）
He felt as if he had met this yung lady fr a lng smewhere.（跟过去事实不符）
【经典练】
用所给词的适当形式填空
My suggestin is that we (shuld) g (g) t hspital at nce.
When a pencil is partly in a glass f water, it lks as if it were (be) brken.
My idea is that we (shuld) get (get) mre peple t attend the cnference.
The little girl talked as if she had been (be) a grwn-up.
She lks as if she were (be) ten years yunger.
（5）because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because…”结构中。
I d s many things fr yu. It is because I lve yu.
I am late this mrning. That is because I left my bag n the subway.
Yur speech is excellent. This is because yu prepared it a lt.
当从句描述原因时：
主语为reasn 时，引导词用that
It, This, That 开头做主语，引导词用because
She was late this mrning. That was because she missed the early bus.
The reasn why he was late was that he missed the early bus.
（7）引导词that, because, why的区别：
描述原因用that或because
描述结果用why
The reasn was that yu dn't trust her.
He was sent t the hspital. That's because he was ill.
He was ill. That's why he was sent t the hspital.
【经典练】
单句语法填空
He is careless and irrespnsible. That was why he was fired.
He was fired. That was because he is careless and irrespnsible.
The reasn why he was fired was that he was careless and irrespnsible.
四、写作清单
【点拨·写作技巧】
本单元的话题是科学和科学家，通过本单元的学习，学会写一篇介绍科学家的文章。此类文章属于人物介绍，是记叙文的写作范畴。写作时要围绕人物选取材料，因此选材要有代表性，要选择人物的突出成就或能够彰显人物性格特点的事迹进行介绍，做到主题鲜明、内容清晰、简明扼要、重点突出。另外还要注意所选材料的客观性与真实性，不要言过其实。
1.人物介绍一般包括以下几点：
（1）出生年月和出生地点；
（2）主要经历、事迹和成就；
（3）影响和评价。
2.叙述方法：一般按照时间顺序，从科学家的人生经历到创造性的贡献等作出介绍，最后是结论性的评价。
3.人称和时态：通常使用第三人称。如果叙述的是发生在过去的事情，常用一般过去时；若叙述当前的情况，常用一般现在时；对未来的展望则常用一般将来时。
【写作模板】
【积累·写作素材】
常用句式
1. 开头常用语
（1）Brn in 1920, she was ne f the greatest scientists in the 20th century.
她出生于1920年，是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
（2）Prfessr Green, knwn t the wrld as a scientist, is nt nly diligent but als warm­hearted.
格林教授是一位闻名世界的科学家，他不仅勤勉，而且热心。
（3）He is a well－knwn scientist whse theries have changed the wrld.
他是一位著名的科学家，他的理论改变了世界。
2. 主体部分常用语
（1）Behind her success were numerus failures and setbacks, but never did she give up.
她成功的背后是无数的失败和挫折，但她从未放弃。
（2）He devted his whle life t his cuntry and peple, and even t the wrld.
他把他的一生献给了他的国家和人民，甚至献给了世界。
（3）As a tp scientist in the wrld, he/she lived a very simple life, but his/her cntributins were invaluable t the field f science.
作为世界顶尖的科学家，他/她过着非常简朴的生活，但他/她对科学领域的贡献是无价的。
（4）He/She was an admirable man/wman wh displayed the characteristics f wisdm, strength and curage.
他/她是一位令人钦佩的男士/女士，表现出了智慧、力量和勇气。
（5）He actively prmted the spread f scientific ideas abut matters such as mrality, wh is the persn with willingness t serve the cuntry.
他积极地推动诸如道德之类的科学观念的传播，是一个愿意为国家服务的人。
（6）She dedicates her time, knwledge and wisdm t her students and t future scientists frm all ver the wrld wh cme t study with her.
她为学生以及世界各国来向她求学的未来科学家们奉献出自己的时间、知识和智慧。
3. 结尾常用语
（1）Inspired by her stry, I decided t study harder s as t realise my dream.
受到她的故事的鼓舞，我决定更加努力学习，以实现我的梦想。
（2）This is an age nt nly f great science； it is an age f great scientists.
这不仅是一个伟大的科学时代；也是一个伟大的科学家时代。
（3）She has fulfilled her rle in her career and set a shining example t the yunger generatins.
她在事业上履行了自己的职责，并为年轻一代树立了光辉的榜样。
【典例演练】
（2024·福建省闽南师范大学附属中学高二上月考）假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚笔友Jenny来信，让你介绍一位你最崇拜的中国科学家，请你根据下列表格中的内容提示给她写一封回信。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：高速动车组high-speed EMU
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[精彩范文]
Dear Jenny，
The Chinese scientist I admire mst is Liang Jianying, general designer f the China high－speed EMU.
Liang Jianying was brn in 1972. Since she graduated frm university in 1995, she has been devting all her time t researching int the develpment f the China high-speed railway. Afterwards, she invented the 300-350 km/h high-speed EMU, making it mre cnvenient fr us t get arund quickly. It is because f her utstanding cntributins t ur cuntry that China is playing a leading rle in high-speed railways all ver the wrld. As a cnsequence, she was awarded in 2015.
Liang Jianying has set a gd example fr us. Frm her, I realize that we shuld keep n trying until we realize ur dreams.
Yurs,
Li Hua
单词
1. severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2. cntradictry adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
3. blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责
4. subscribe vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）
5. prf n. 证据；证明；检验
6. multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的
7. husehld n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人
8. suspect vt. & vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）
interventin n. 介入；出面；干涉
11. link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联
12. raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
13. substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
14. decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi. （使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低
15. statistic n. [pl.] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学
短语
1. nce and fr all 最终地；彻底地
2. in general 总的来说
3. subscribe t 同意；赞同
4. thanks t 幸亏；由于
5. deal with 处理；应对；涉及；与……打交道
6. depend n/upn 依靠；信赖；取决于
7. carry ut 履行；执行
8. calm dwn 平静下来
9. break ut 突然开始；爆发
10. in charge f 主管；掌管
11. cme dwn with 患（病）；染上（小病）
12. abve all 最重要的是；尤其是
熟词生义
handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）
slid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体
shift n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi. & vt. 转移；挪动；转向
trace v. 追溯；追踪；查出；绘出，勾画出(轮廓) n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
句型
1．until引导时间状语从句
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Snw, shwed hw it culd be vercme.
that引导表语从句
One thery was that bad air caused the disease.
s that引导目的状语从句
Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved s that itculd nt be used.
when引导非限制性定语从句
In the early 19th century, when an utbreak f chlera hit Eurpe, millins f peple died frm the disease.
1．nt als...
He received a her’s welcme frm his hmeland and was put in charge f nt nly develping China’s rcket science but als its space and missile prgramme.
2．be＋adj.＋t d
He was determined t find ut why.
3．s＋adj.＋that...引导结果状语从句
It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.
语法
表语从句的定义及用法，关系词的使用规则
a link between ... (and ...) ……(与……)之间的联系/纽带
a link with sb/sth 与某人/某物的纽带/联系
link A t/with B 将A与B联系/连接起来
link with 将……与……相连
a decrease in ... 在……方面减少
n the decrease 在减少
decrease t ... 减少到……
decrease by ... 减少了……
decrease frm ... t ... 从……减少到……
pur ut 涌出；倒出
pur in 涌入
pur int 朝……里面倒；涌入
pur ut ne's heart t sb 向某人敞开心扉；倾诉衷肠
(1)defend neself 为自己辩护；自卫
defend sb/sth/neself frm/against 保护某人/某物/自己免受伤害
(2)defence n. 防御；保卫；辩护
(1)be gifted in (ding) ... 在(做)……方面有天赋
be gifted with ... 天生具备……
(2)gift n. 礼物；天赋；才能 v. 赠送；(无意中)让(对手)获得
be ne's fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错；有责任
find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病
Of s many famus scientists all ver the wrld, I admire （名字） mst.
Brn n （时间） in （地点）, he/she was frm （家庭）. Having graduated frm （学校）, he/she was sent t wrk as （职业）. He/She began his/her research in （领域）. He/She is hnred as （成就）. Famus as he/she is, he/she cares little （品格及评价）.
His/Her great cntributin t human beings and his/her nble persnality impressed me deeply.
姓名
梁建英
出生年份
1972年
职务
中国高铁总设计师
主要经历
1.1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作；
2.研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组；
3.2015年获奖。