高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习必修第一册　UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD

这是一份高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习必修第一册　UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD，共23页。
As we all knw, English is referred t as an internatinal language, widely used in glbal affairs. N matter what kind f English peple are speaking，1.native speakers have n truble understanding the wrds, despite the small differences in 2.vcabulary. Hwever, Chinese, which is increasingly ppular arund the wrld, is regarded as the mst 3.demanding language, especially fr nn­native learners.Firstly, even the cmmnly­used Pu Tng Hua in China is hard enugh t learn, let alne 4.varieties f dialects. Secndly, Chinese characters are abstract symbls fr them.The writing system, dating back t the Shang Dynasty when peple 5.carved smething with specific meanings n bnes r shells, is like strange pictures.Hwever, based n the cmmn 6.appreciatin f these characters, sme classic wrks are still read nw and by this means we can knw mre abut the ups and dwns in ancient times.
eq \a()
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
eq \a()重难考点
1 refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于(→reference n．提及，涉及；指称关系；参考；参考书目)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)First, a girl I met ne day tld me she was training fr a “super，” referring (refer) t a 52.4­mile duble marathn.
[能力提升]——微写作
②显然，当你遇到一个有挑战性的汉字时，强烈建议你查阅新华字典。
Obviusly, it is highly recmmended t refer t Xinhua Dictinary when yu cme acrss a challenging Chinese character.(建议信)
③剪纸通常用于装饰门窗，因此有时被称为窗花。
Generally，the paper­cuts are used t decrate drs and windws，and thus smetimes they are referred t as Windw Flwer/Chuanghua.(传统文化)
eq \a()
(1)refer t 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
把……提交给……；让……参考……
refer 把……称作……
(2)in/with reference t sb./sth. 关于
[语料积累] ①refer the matter t the editr
把这件事提交给编辑
②(2021·全国甲卷)I am writing t ask fr infrmatin with reference t what kinds f traditinal Chinese cultures appeal t freigners mst.(求助信)
我写信想了解关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的信息。
[名师指津] refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为：referred、referred、referring。
2 base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据[→based adj.(以某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basic adj.基本的；基础的→basis n．基础→basically adv.大体上；基本上]
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①On the basis (base) f what yu shw，I firmly believe that yu can be qualified fr the psitin.
②Knwing that yu are t visit a Chinese family this weekend，I am writing t infrm yu f sme basic (base) table manners.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)首先，您的分组策略是基于随机性的，而不是仔细配对，这种随机性会将一个较弱的学生与一个较强的学生分在一组。
Firstly, yur gruping strategy is based n/upn randmness where a weaker student is gruped with a strnger ne, rather than n careful pairing.(建议信)
eq \a()
(1) 把……建立在……的基础上
be based n/upn... 以……为基础
(2)n a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
n the basis f 在……的基础上
[语料积累] ①The teacher based her decisin n the students' perfrmance.(情景描写)
老师根据学生的表现做出了决定。
②Team members need t receive training after schl every day and are als ffered pprtunities t watch table tennis cmpetitins n a regular basis．(告知信)
队员们需要每天放学之后接受训练，并且有机会定期去观摩乒乓球赛。
3 variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化[→vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→varius adj.不同的；各种各样的]
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Students' perfrmance，varying (vary)frm excellent t pr depending n numerus factrs, can't be measured nly by marks.
②These fssils vary in size, shape, and age, prviding a fascinating lk int the past.
③The effectiveness f the treatment can vary with/by individual health cnditins.
④(2024·全国甲卷)Althugh parks f all sizes and types exist at any level, the natinal parks, in particular, tend t catch ur attentin because f their large size and variety (vary)．
[能力提升]——词汇升级
⑤This year's festival will feature many kinds f music pieces t satisfy all music lvers.
a variety/varieties f,
eq \a()
(1)a variety f＝varieties f 各种各样的
(2)vary 从……到……变化
vary in... 在……(大小、形状等)方面不同
vary with/by... 随……变化/改变
[语料积累] ①bast a wide variety f plants
拥有种类繁多的植物
②This restaurant serves varius cuisines.(事物介绍)
这家餐馆提供各种美食。
③(2023·浙江1月卷)Thrughut the event, I was struck by the incredible variety f plants that exist in ur wrld.(报道)
在整个活动中，我被世界上存在的植物的惊人多样性所震撼。
4 majr adj.主要的；重要的；大的 vi.主修；专门研究 n．主修课程；主修学生(→majrity n．大部分；大多数)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Inspired by the beauty f Chinese characters，I make up my mind t majr in calligraphy at university.
②In the majrity f situatins, feeling nervus befre an exam is quite nrmal.
[能力提升]——微写作
③有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。
Sme peple gave up halfway，but a/the majrity f the participants made it t the finishing line.(动作描写)
eq \a()
(1)majr in 主修……
(2)a/the majrity f 大多数
in a/the majrity (f...)大多数
[语料积累] (2024·北京卷)China has develped rapidly ver the past decades and it has becme a majr partner in glbal trade and investment.(现象介绍)
在过去的几十年里，中国快速发展，已成为全球贸易和投资的主要伙伴。
5 means n．方法；方式；途径
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Ancient peple recrded what had happened by means f carving varieties f symbls with specific meanings nt shells r bnes．
[能力提升]——微写作
②你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。
Yu'd better practice using chpsticks in advance，which is als a means f shwing yur gd table manners.(建议信)
③没有你的慷慨帮助和指导，我决不能提高我的英语水平。
By n means can I imprve my English withut yur generus help and guidance.(倒装句)
eq \a()
a means f 一种……的方法(means单复数同形)
by all means 可以；当然行；没问题
by means f 借助……手段；依靠……方法
by n means 决不，无论如何也不，一点都不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
[语料积累] (2022·全国甲卷)As senir students, we can prtect ceans in ur wn way. First, try every means t fight against glbal warming, which has becme a great threat t sea creatures.(演讲稿)
作为高中生，我们可以用自己的方式保护海洋。首先，想尽一切办法对抗全球变暖，这已经成为对海洋生物的巨大威胁。
6 appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值(→appreciatin n．欣赏；感激→appreciative adj.感激的；欣赏的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I'm writing t cnvey my appreciatin (appreciate) fr what yu have dne fr me during my stay in Lndn.
②I wuld really appreciate yur replying (reply) t me at yur earliest cnvenience.
[能力提升]——微写作
③如果你能给我一些关于如何提高我的英语口语的实用建议，我将非常感激。
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd give me sme practical advice n hw t imprve my ral English.(求助信)
eq \a()
(1)appreciate (ne's) ding sth.
喜欢/感激(某人)做某事
I wuld appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激
(2)express/cnvey ne's appreciatin
表达某人的感激之情
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)This utdr art class nt nly allwed me t appreciate the natural beauty arund us but als taught me t see rdinary things with a new perspective.(活动介绍)
这次户外艺术课不仅让我欣赏到了周围的自然之美，还教会了我用新的视角看待普通的事物。
7 struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I am struggling t understand (understand) the cmplex characters in this bk and s culd yu help me t interpret them?
[能力提升]——微写作
②尽管很虚弱，她挣扎着站起来，继续寻找帮助。
Weak as she was，she struggled t her feet, cntinuing searching fr assistance.(人物、动作描写)
③对他来说，选择能够准确传达出他想要表达的意思的合适词语是很困难的事情。
It is a struggle fr him t chse the right wrds that accurately reflect his intended meaning.(语言学习)
eq \a()
(1)struggle fr... 为……而斗争/奋斗
struggle with/against sb./sth. 与某人/某事做斗争
struggle t d sth. 努力做某事
struggle t ne's feet挣扎着站起来
(2)it is a struggle (fr sb.) t d sth.
(对于某人而言)做某事真是难事
[语料积累] (2023·浙江1月卷)Perhaps she had been struggling against the windw t lng and was t tired? Or t thirsty？(动作、神情描写)
也许是因为她已经挣扎在窗户上太久了而太累了？或者是太渴了？
8 equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的 v．与……相等，等于；比得上(→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.相等地；同等地；公平地；同样地)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I am cnvinced that I am equal t being (be) a vlunteer fr the Chinese painting exhibitin.
[能力提升]——一句多译
②在我看来，他在打篮球方面是无与伦比的。
→Frm my pint f view, he is withut equal in playing basketball.
→Frm my pint f view, he has n equal in playing basketball.
→Frm my pint f view, n ne equals him in playing basketball．,
eq \a()
(1)be withut equal＝have n equal 无与伦比
(2)be equal t sth./ding sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事
(3)equal sb./sth. in (ding) sth.
在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
[语料积累] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Mre imprtantly, it guarantees that students with varius cmmunicatin abilities have equal pprtunities t develp their language skills.(事物介绍)
更重要的是，它确保具有不同交流能力的学生有平等的机会来发展他们的语言技巧。
9 demand n．需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问(→demanding adj.要求高的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(译林版选必三U2)The rutine tasks that ccupy mst f the day are demanding (demand)，but they can als be extremely rewarding.
[能力提升]——微写作
②由于我们的篮球俱乐部需要新成员，我写信是想邀请你加入。
As new members are in demand in ur basketball club，I'm writing t invite yu t jin it.(邀请信)
③父亲要求双胞胎在他帮忙做早餐时把厨房打扫干净。
Father demanded the twins (shuld) clean up the kitchen when he helped make breakfast.
eq \a()
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy ne's demand(s) 满足某人的需求
(2)demand t d sth. 要求做某事
demand that... 要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可省略)
[语料积累] (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Because picking apples invlved climbing trees，the farmers demanded that we shuld be cautius and careful.(活动介绍)
因为摘苹果需要爬树，农民们要求我们谨慎小心。
10 句型公式：“be f＋抽象名词”结构
(教材原句)That writing system was f great imprtance in uniting the Chinese peple and culture.
这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Frm my pint f view，keeping the balance between nline learning and ur life is f great imprtance (imprtant)．
[能力提升]——句型转换/微写作
②The majrity f students cnsider that watching English mvies is beneficial t their English learning.
→The majrity f students cnsider that watching English mvies is f benefit t their English learning.
③你给我们的建议证明很有价值。没有它我们就不可能实现我们的梦想。
The advice yu gave us prved t be f great value/greatly valuable，withut which we culdn't have achieved ur dreams.(感谢信)
eq \a()
“be f＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋形容词”，这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名词有imprtance，value，use，help，benefit，significance等，这些名词可用great，little，sme，any，n，nt，much等修饰，用以说明程度。
[语料积累] ①Lking ahead, he knws it is f great significance fr him t enter a famus university.
展望未来，他明白考上一所名校对他来说意义重大。
②I hpe these suggestins abve will be f sme help t yu. Perhaps, we can meet in Beijing.(建议信)
我希望以上这些建议能对你有所帮助。也许我们可以在北京见面。
11 句型公式： “n matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
(教材原句)Even tday，n matter where Chinese peple live r what dialect they speak，they can all still cmmunicate in writing.
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我从这次经历中了解到，无论遇到什么困难，我们都应该努力解决。
I learned frm the experience that whatever/n matter what difficulties we meet，we shuld try ur best t slve them.(主旨升华)
③谁如果找到了实验室丢失的钥匙，请立即交给我们的科学老师约翰逊先生。
Whever finds the missing keys t the labratry shuld immediately hand them in t Mr Jhnsn, ur science teacher.(启事)
eq \a()
(1)“n matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。
(2)whatever，whever，whichever，whmever 既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时，相当于n matter what/wh/which/whm。
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)N matter when I see the pht, I think f the cld, wet and unfrgettable evening when a stranger ffered his trust and kindness！(主旨升华)
每当我看到这张照片，我就会想起那个寒冷、潮湿而又令人难忘的夜晚，一位陌生人给予了我信任和善意！
eq \a()拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．Every career has its ups and dwns, but persistence will lead t success.
2．(外研版必修二U4)Dating back t the 18th century, Peking Opera has ver tw hundred years f histry.
3．The giant panda is native t the muntain ranges in central China.
4．His attitude twards/t challenges being psitive, he saw them as pprtunities rather than setbacks.
eq \a()
1．be native t原产于；源于
2．ne's attitude twards/t对……的态度
3．date back t追溯到
4．ups and dwns浮沉；兴衰
5．relate t 与……相关；涉及；谈到
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——词尾为­ic的形容词变副词
词尾为­ic的形容词变副词有一定的规律。例如本单元中的单词：base(n.底部；根据)的形容词basic ＋后缀­ally转化成副词basically(基本上；根本上)。词尾为­ic的形容词变副词的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The teacher specifically asked the students t fcus n their prnunciatin during the English practice sessin. adv. 特别地
2．The lights in the hallway turn ff autmatically when n mvement is detected fr ten minutes. adv. 自动地
3．She enthusiastically agreed t jin the club after hearing abut all the fun activities they had planned. adv. 热情地
4．The dve is ften used symblically t represent peace and hpe in many cultures arund the wrld. adv. 象征性地
5．She publicly aplgized fr her mistake, taking full respnsibility fr what had happened.adv. 公开地
eq \a()
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．refer t
(1)(2023·浙江1月卷)What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines.E
(2)This paragraph refers t the events f last year.A
(3)Refer t the dictinary when yu dn't knw hw t spell a wrd.B
(4)Referred t as the King f Pp, Jacksn is recgnized as the mst successful entertainer f all time.D
(5)In his reprt, the manager didn't refer t the prblems f management.C
2．majr
(1)Calligraphy is regarded as a majr part f Chinese culture since the Han Dynasty.A
(2)I lve painting very much. I started learning painting at an early age and chse painting art and histry as my majr in cllege.B
(3)As far as I knw, Mary is majring in French at Stanfrd University.C
3．character
(1)(2023·全国乙卷)Althugh landscapes in the Midwest tend t be quite similar，either farm fields r highways，smetimes I find distinctive character in the hills r lakes.B
(2)(2022·浙江1月卷)T frame his stry，Klein creates the character f Ned，a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steam and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime.C
(3)Fan Zhngyan is such a rle mdel that he always encurages me t be a man f nble character．A
(4)The high regard fr the Chinese writing system can be seen in the develpment f Chinese characters as an art frm knwn as Chinese calligraphy.D
4．relate t
(1)The writer related t his childhd in the first tw chapters.C
(2)(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag，but they recrd mments we can all relate t．A
(3)(2023·浙江1月卷)Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use.B
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．Their investments have appreciated ver the years.v. 增值
[点拨]appreciate (熟义) v. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会。此处意为“增值”。
2．(2021·全国乙卷)I respect my mther s much as she never treats me as a child, but as an equal．n. 同等的人
[点拨]equal (熟义) adj. 相同的；同样的 v. 比得上；等于。此处用作名词，意为“同等的人”。
3．(1)(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I see libraries as a safe haven (避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk.n. 起联系作用的事物
(2)(2019·江苏卷)Hw can we bridge the ever­widening gap that separates us frm ther animals？v. 弥合，消除
[点拨]bridge (熟义) n. 桥。此处(1)意为“起联系作用的事物”， (2)用作动词，意为“弥合， 消除”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/
单元语法(限制性定语从句)
1．The majrity (majr) f experts agree that regular exercise cntributes significantly t mental health.
2．Having struggled (struggle) fr a lng time with the challenging prject, she finally achieved success and wn recgnitin.
3．Only a few students feel equal t giving (give) a presentatin in frnt f the entire schl, as it requires a lt f curage and preparatin.
4．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin­nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal (glbe) cverage.
5．His cntributin is f great significance (significant) in advancing ur understanding f envirnmental science.
6．My demand is that the infrmatin referred (refer) t in my reprt shuld be e­mailed t Mr Brwn withut delay.
7．The prfessr culd hardly find sufficient grunds n which t base (base) his arguments in favur f his new thery.
8．He was an utging man and held an active attitude twards/t life.
9．I went t the park where we used t play sccer every weekend.
10．The time when we study tgether is always prductive.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．无论我去哪里，我总是带着笔记本。
N matter where/Wherever I g, I always carry a ntebk with me．(告知信)
2．你读得越多，你获得的知识就越多。
The mre yu read, the mre knwledge yu will gain．(建议信)
3．如果你能借给我昨天的课堂笔记，我将不胜感激。
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd lend me yur class ntes frm yesterday．(求助信)
4．对我来说，平衡学业和课外活动很困难。
It is a struggle fr me t balance schlwrk and extra­curricular activities．
5．Yu shuld by n means give up n yur gals, even if yu face challenges alng the way.(建议信)
→By n means shuld yu give up n yur gals, even if yu face challenges alng the way．(改为倒装句)
6．Teamwrk is very beneficial because it allws everyne t cntribute their skills.
→Teamwrk is f great benefit because it allws everyne t cntribute their skills．(改为“be f＋抽象名词”的形式)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
As fr thse wh 1.find it a struggle t learn Chinese well (觉得学好中文很费力；find复合结构), my advice may be helpful.
As is always the case with language learning, 2.learning Chinese als demands practice (学习汉语也需要练习；动名词短语作主语)． Firstly, 3.it's f great imprtance t read bks that are related t Chinese (阅读与汉语相关的书籍至关重要；be f＋抽象名词). Mrever, cmmunicate mre with the natives. That is because the mre yu cmmunicate with the natives in Chinese, the mre fluently yu will speak. Aside frm that, it's helpful t watch sme Chinese films r TV prgrammes. Last but nt least, 4.take a psitive attitude n matter what truble yu may have (无论有什么困难，都要有积极的态度；n matter what) learning it.
维度二 读后续写微技能6——情感细节描
写：悲伤、沮丧与孤独
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．我情绪低落。天气很冷，刮着风。
I feel lw. It's cld and windy. (人教版选必三U4)
2．丹尼尔双臂交叉，看上去很沮丧。
Daniel has his arms crssed and lks upset．
3．一种悲伤和孤独的气氛笼罩着她。
An air f srrw and lneliness washed/settled ver her.(无灵主语句)
4．她把自己锁在房间里，沉浸在极度的悲伤中。
She lcked herself in her rm, abandning herself t/bathing herself in great sadness．(非谓语动词)
5．听到这个坏消息，她感到一阵悲伤，禁不住痛哭起来。
Upn hearing the bad news, she felt seized by a burst f sadness and culdn't help crying bitterly．
任务2 语段表达
Last mnth, I mved t a new schl, leaving behind all my friends. On my first day, I felt sad and lnely as I walked thrugh the unfamiliar hallways. Everyne seemed t knw each ther, but I didn't have anyne t talk t. During lunch, 1.I sat alne (我独自坐着), feeling a deep sense f islatin. 2.The frustratin f nt fitting in (无法融入的挫败感) made me want t cry. I missed my ld friends. It was a tugh day, and I culdn't shake 3.the feeling f being ut f place (格格不入的感觉). That night, I hped things wuld get better, but the lneliness still 4.weighed heavily n me (压在我心头)．
————基础默测—————
eq \a() 默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．carve vt. & vi. 雕刻
2．dynasty n. 王朝；朝代
3．dialect n. 地方话；方言
4．billin num. 十亿
5．bne n. 骨头；骨(质)
6．shell n. 壳；壳状物
7．tngue n. 舌头；语言
8．semester n. 学期
9．pants n. [pl.] (BrE) 内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE) 裤子
二、核心单词写得准
1．affair n. 公共事务；事件；关系
2．struggle n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗
3．despite prep. 即使；尽管
4．symbl n. 符号；象征
5．means n. 方式；方法；途径
6．classic adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n. 经典作品；名著
7．regard n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把……视为；看待
8．character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
9．calligraphy n. 书法；书法艺术
10．native adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的 n. 本地人
11．attitude n. 态度；看法
12．vcabulary n. 词汇
三、拓展单词通变化
1．vary v．变化；不同→variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→varius adj. 各种各样的
2．majr adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究→majrity n. 大多数
3．glbe n. 地球；地球仪→glbal adj. 全球的；全世界的
4．appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值→appreciatin n. 感激；欣赏→appreciative adj. 感激的
5．specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically adv. 特定地；明确地
6．beg vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求→beggar n. 乞丐
7．demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问→demanding adj. 要求高的
8．describe v. 描述→descriptin n. 描写(文字)；形容
9．relate vt. 联系；讲述→related adj. 相关的→relatin n. 关系；亲戚→relatinship n. 关系
四、重点词块明搭配
1．refer t 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
2．ups and dwns 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
3．date back (t…) 追溯到
4．pint f view 观点；看法
5．relate t 与……相关；涉及；谈到
6．play a rle in 在……中发挥作用
7．in ancient times 在古代
8．Chinese calligraphy 中国书法
9．appreciate China's culture and histry 欣赏中国的文化和历史
10．bridge the gap between us 消除我们之间的距离
五、教材佳句会运用
1．在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成了不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。(when引导定语从句)
Over the years, the system develped int different frms, as it was a time when peple were divided gegraphically, leading t many varieties f dialects and characters.
2．这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。(be f＋抽象名词)
That writing system was f great imprtance in uniting the Chinese peple and culture.
3．即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。(n matter＋疑问词)
Even tday, n matter where Chinese peple live r what dialect they speak, they can all still cmmunicate in writing.
4．……我对一门语言学得越多，我的智力就增长得越快。(the mre…，the mre…)
…the mre I learnt f a language，the mre my brain wuld grw.
eq \a() 基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The sudden change in his attitude (态度) surprised everyne, as he used t be s ptimistic abut the prject.
2．After several days f discussin, the slutin was finally tailred t specific (特定的) needs.
3．I've always regarded (把……视为) my grandmther as a surce f wisdm and guidance.
4．Chinese calligraphy (书法), an ancient art frm, reflects the beauty and rhythm f the language.
5．Expanding yur vcabulary (词汇) is essential fr imprving cmmunicatin skills and expressing yur thughts clearly.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Traveling t different cuntries expses yu t varieties (vary) f cuisines and flavrs.
2．(译林版选必一U2)Nt lng after，he began t be appreciated (appreciate) fr his pian perfrmances.
3．Being a surgen is a demanding (demand) jb, requiring fcus, precisin, and lng hurs f wrk.
4．The majrity (majr) f students in the class vted in favr f the new scheduling system.
5．Her descriptin (describe) f the event was s detailed that I felt as if I had been there myself.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．When yu make a speech, yu'd better prepare fr it well in advance and nt refer t yur ntes t ften.
2．It's well knwn that sme diseases relate t air pllutin.
3．Eating t much sugar can lead t health prblems.
4．This custm dates back t the Tang Dynasty and was very ppular in the nrth f China then.
5．Frm my pint f view, it is f great imprtance t pay attentin t the feelings f urselves.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)《青春》对我帮助很大，及时给我提供了灵感和鼓舞。(be f＋抽象名词)
Yuth is f great help t me, ffering me inspiratin as well as encuragement in time.
2．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)不管什么时候我不高兴，都是我的朋友让我振作起来。(n matter＋疑问词)
N matter when I'm unhappy, it is my friend wh cheers me up.
3．你付出的努力越多，你就会变得越好。(the mre…，the mre…)
The mre effrts yu pay, the better yu will becme.
课时作业6
(总分：30分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分)
eq \a()
(2025·T8联考)
Prices have been rising rapidly in cities acrss the wrld, driving the cst f living higher than ever befre. But nt everywhere has been impacted equally. Fr travelers, these places can ffer the same big­city cnvenient facilities at a much lwer cst f living.
Lisbn, Prtugal
As the least­expensive city in Western Eurpe, accrding t the EIU rankings, Lisbn has been a ht spt fr travelers in recent years. Mercedes Zach recmmends explring the bhemian(波西米亚式的) Bairr Alt neighburhd t uncver street art, city views and sunset gatherings with lcals. The Rman Theatre Museum gives a glimpse int the city's Rman past, with preserved theatre ruins.
Trnt, Canada
Canadian cities t the nrth cntinue t remain lwer in the cst­f­living rankings. Of all the Canadian cities ranked, Trnt ranks the mst affrdable. Trnt resident Stephanie Ciccarelli recmmends city sightseeing via bat cruise n Lake Ontari, r visiting the Hckey Hall f Fame.
Tky, Japan
Mving three dwn the index(指标) this year and ranking 60 verall, Tky cntinues t be Japan's mst expensive city yet is nw mre affrdable than fellw Asian cities like Singapre and Hng Kng. Tky resident Masa Yamamt encurages turists t wander arund the urban garden and public art displays at the newly develped Azabudai Hills neighburhd fr free. Fr a new perspective n the city, he recmmends the cntemprary art Mri Art Museum and its cnnected Tky City View, which ffers a view f the city frm 250 m abve sea level fr just 2，000 yen.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章列举了在全球物价普遍上涨的背景下，生活成本相对较低，却拥有完善便利设施的三个大城市：葡萄牙的里斯本、加拿大的多伦多和日本的东京，并为有意前往的旅行者提供了实用的旅行推荐。
1．Which attractin can give yu brief insights int the city's histry？( C )
A．The Hckey Hall f Fame.
B．The Mri Art Museum.
C．The Rman Theatre Museum.
D．The Bairr Alt neighburhd.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“The Rman Theatre Museum gives a glimpse int the city's Rman past, with preserved theatre ruins.”可知，通过游览the Rman Theatre Museum，游客可以对这座城市的历史有所了解。
2．What turist highlights are shared by Lisbn and Tky？( A )
A．City views and artistic appeal.
B．Street markets and urban parks.
C．Histrical ruins and museums.
D．Lcal custms and landmarks.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Mercedes Zach recmmends explring the bhemian(波西米亚式的)Bairr Alt neighburhd t uncver street art，city views and sunset gatherings with lcals.”以及第四段第二句中的“public art displays at the newly develped Azabudai Hills neighburhd fr free”和第三句中的“which ffers a view f the city frm 250 m abve sea level fr just 2，000 yen”可知，游客在里斯本和东京两座城市都可以既欣赏城市景观，又可以感受艺术魅力。
3．What is the primary fcus f this passage？( A )
A．Affrdable big cities fr travelers.
B．EIU ranking f cst­effective cities.
C．The rapid rise in glbal living expenses.
D．Cities knwn fr their high cst f living.
解析：主旨大意题。本文旨在列举目前在全球范围内生活成本相对较低，同时拥有完善便利设施的三个大城市供旅行者参考，并为旅行者提供了实用的旅行推荐。
eq \a()
(2024·辽宁辽东南协作校高三联考)
It wasn't until after I graduated frm cllege, and realized that there's n such thing as all­encmpassing(包罗万象的) knwledge, that I was able t read fr pleasure.A sense f curisity directed me and I started t see dictinaries as field guides t the life f language.Lking up wrds felt less like a failing than an admissin that there are lts f things I dn't knw and an pprtunity t discver just hw many.
I prize my 1954 cpy f Webster's New Internatinal Dictinary, Secnd Editin.I ften cnsult it, during evening games f Scrabble r midday magazine reading.When I cme acrss unfamiliar wrds while reading nvels, I lk them up.When I start encuntering these wrds elsewhere, the linguistic(语言的) universe seems t shrink t the size f a small twn.
Dictinaries heighten my senses: They direct my attentin int a cnversatin with language.They make me wnder what ther things I'm blind t because I haven't taught myself t ntice them yet.Recently sptted examples include “rrery”—a mechanical mdel, usually clckwrk, devised t represent the mtins f the mn and Earth (and smetimes als ther planets) arund the sun.The Oxfrd English Dictinary (OED) als tells me that the wrd cmes frm the furth Earl f Orrery, fr whm a cpy f the first machine was made, arund 1700.Useful? Obviusly nt.Satisfying? Deeply.
Web brwsers answer questins with mre questins, pening up pages yu never asked fr.But a dictinary builds n cmmn knwledge, using simple wrds t explain cmplex nes.Using ne feels as if I'm prying pen an yster(蚝) rather than falling dwn a rabbit hle. Why leave slvable mysteries up t guesswrk?
Fr me, dictinaries are a dr int that kind f uncalculated knwledge­seeking.They remind me that fllwing yur curisity instead f brushing it aside is ne f the best ways I knw t feel cnnected t mre than what's right in frnt f yu.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章赞扬了词典的价值，认为它们是通往求知的一扇门。作者把词典看作语言生活的指南。通过查阅词典，作者发现自己对世界的了解不断深入，知识也不断丰富。
4．What can we knw abut the authr？( C )
A．He merely read fr fun befre graduatin.
B．He lnged t learn abut all knwledge.
C.He cnsidered dictinaries chances f enrichment.
D.He admitted being a failure when learning languages.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Lking up wrds felt…an pprtunity t discver just hw many.”可知，作者认为查词典是一次发现自己到底有多少不知道的事情的机会，即一次充实自我的机会。故选C项。
5．Why des the authr mentin the example f “rrery” in paragraph 3？( D )
A．T intrduce a wrd.
B．T indicate a finding.
C．T clarify a cncept.
D．T supprt a statement.
解析：推理判断题。通读第三段可知，第一、二句陈述了作者对词典的观点，段中的“a mechanical mdel…arund the sun”是对其前的rrery这一单词的解释，随后作者提到词典还告诉了自己关于这一单词的来源。所以，作者提到rrery这一单词是为了佐证自己的陈述。故选D项。
6．What des the underlined part in paragraph 4 refer t？( A )
A．Encuntering new prblems.
B．Entering a different wrld.
C．Acquiring essential cmmn sense.
D．Simplifying tugh questins.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的“rather than”可知，画线短语与“prying pen an yster(蚝)”的意思相反；画线短语所在句中的ne指代上文提到的“a dictinary”，所以“prying pen an yster(蚝)”指的是上文对词典的描述“using simple wrds t explain cmplex nes”，而画线短语则对应上文中对网页浏览器的描述“answer questins with mre questins”。故选A项。
7．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing can best describe dictinaries？( B )
A．Jaw­drpping.B．Eye­pening.
C．Mind­numbing.D．Labur­saving.
解析：推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“对我来说，词典是一扇通向无法预测的求知的门”。结合第一段中的“Lking up wrds felt…an pprtunity t discver just hw many.”可知，查词典能让作者发现自己到底有多少不知道的事情。因此，作者认为词典可以让人大开眼界。故选B项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2024·浙江金华十校高三模拟)
Have yu ever wndered why yu want t d smething, r what causes peple t g thrugh extrardinary pain r persnal investment just t achieve a particular utcme? 1(____) Mtivatin.
Mtivatin is the reasn fr peple's actins, gals, and willingness t pursue the gals.Smetimes it seems difficult t find, but we all have that spark at ur cre.Here are sme ways yu can turn that spark back int a flame.
2(____) If yur mtivatin is fading, ntice when this starts t happen and what events culd have driven it.Yu'll find that yu're mre likely t feel bred when yu're in certain envirnments.As yu becme mre aware f this, yu can put yurself in situatins where yu're mre likely t thrive.
Keep a thankfulness jurnal.3(____) When they're aware f what they're thankful fr, it drives them in specific areas f their lives.Cnsidering this, yu may find value in keeping a thankfulness jurnal where yu regularly list blessings.
Design an accmplishment bk.Creative peple may d well t design an accmplishment bk with images f past wrk and accmplishments as a frm f encuragement.It can be as infrmal r frmal as yu'd like.It might be a simple scrapbk yu keep at yur desk, r a prfessinally printed bklet that yu keep by yur bed.4(____)
Get ut f the huse.If yur life cnsists f ging t wrk, cming hme, watching Netflix, and ging t sleep, yu shuldn't be surprised that yu're unmtivated.5(____) Stretching yurself will expse yu t new ideas, activities, and peple, which will either strike up new mtivatin r rekindle things yu have frgtten abut.
A．What's the pssible slutin?
B．Identify when mtivatin slips.
C．What's at the heart f this issue?
D．Decide what wrks best fr yu and give it a try.
E．A thankfulness jurnal is a perfect way t shw yur gratitude t thers.
F.Sme peple find that thankfulness and mtivatin are directly cnnected.
G．Make it a pint t g utdrs and try new things even when yu dn't want t.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了获得动机的几个方法。
1．C 解析：根据上文“Have yu ever…achieve a particular utcme？”和下文“Mtivatin.”可知，空处在问一个问题，而下文是对上文的回答。C选项“这个问题的核心是什么？”符合语境。故选C项。
2．B 解析：根据下文“If yur mtivatin…culd have driven it.”可知，要确定动机何时消失。故B选项符合语境，可作为本段的中心句。故选B项。
3．F 解析：根据下文“When they're aware…in specific areas f their lives.”可知，动机和感恩是相关联的。故F选项符合语境。故选F项。
4．D 解析：根据上文“It might be…that yu keep by yur bed.”可知，空处应总结上文，说明要找到适合自己的，尝试一下。故D选项符合语境。故选D项。
5．G 解析：根据下文“Stretching yurself…yu have frgtten abut.”可知，空处应鼓励人们要到户外尝试新的事物和想法。故G选项“即使你不想去，也要去户外尝试新事物。”符合语境。故选G项。
appreciate；carve；demand；native；variety；vcabulary
A.描述 B．查阅 C．提及，谈到 D．把……称为/当作 E．指的是
A.adj.重要的 B．n.主修课程 C．vi.主修
A.n.性格，品质 B．n.特色，特性 C．n.人物，角色 D．n.符号；文字
A.理解 B．与……相关 C．谈到；涉及
假定你在某外语学习交流网站看到很多外国友人发帖，寻求提高汉语的建议。请你写一篇博文，内容如下：
1．学习汉语需要练习；
2．提出实用建议。
1．sad adj. 悲伤的
2．sadly adv. 悲伤地
3．sadness n. 悲伤；悲哀
4．srrw n. 悲伤，悲哀
5．srrwful adj. 悲伤的，悲痛的
6．srrwfully adv. 悲伤地
7．lnely adj. 孤独的
8．lneliness n．孤独
9．frustrate vt. 使懊恼，使沮丧
10．frustrated adj. 懊恼的，沮丧的
11．frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的，令人沮丧的
12．frustratin n．沮丧
13．upset adj. 不高兴的，心烦意乱的 v. 使心烦意乱，使生气
14．feel lw 情绪低落
15．an air f... 一种……的气氛
16．abandn neself t/bathe neself in great sadness 某人沉浸在极度的悲伤中
17．be seized by a burst f... 一阵……涌上心头
18．sit alne 独自坐着
19．the frustratin f... ……的挫败感
20．be ut f place 格格不入
21．weigh heavily n sb. 压在某人的心头
22．be numb with srrw/sadness 因难过而麻木
23．at a lss 不知所措；处于困惑状态
24．be filled with/full f sadness满是悲伤
refer t；relate t；pint f view；lead t；date back t