(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World (含答案)，共10页。
Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．bone n．骨头；骨(质)2．shell n．壳；壳状物3．carve vt.& vi.雕刻4．dynasty n．王朝；朝代5．dialect n．地方话；方言6．CE(＝Common Era)公元7．tongue n．舌头；语言8．semester n．学期9．pants n．[pl.](BrE)内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE)裤子Ⅱ.记重点单词1．billion n．十亿2．native adj.本地的 n．本地人3．attitude n．态度；看法4．system n．体系；制度；系统5．despite prep.即使；尽管6．factor n．因素；要素7．symbol n．符号；象征8．means n．方式；方法；途径9．classic adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著10．regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待11．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点12．calligraphy n．书法；书法艺术13．affair n．公共事务；事件；关系14．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗15．petrol n．(NAmE gas)汽油16．subway n．(BrE underground)地铁17．apartment n．(especially NAmE)公寓套房18．gap n．间隔；开口；差距19．vocabulary n．词汇Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．reference n．指称关系；参考→refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征的)→base vt.以……为基础 n．底部；根据→basis n．基础→basic adj.基础的3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→vary v．变化；不同→various adj.各种各样的4．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→majority n．大多数5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globe n．地球；地球仪6．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→appreciation n．感激；欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的7．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically adv.特定地；明确地8．beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求→beggar n．乞丐9．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等10．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→demanding adj.要求高的11．description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述12．relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.相关的→relation n．关系→relationship n．关系Ⅳ.背核心短语1．refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅2．ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱3．date back (to...)追溯到4．point of view观点；看法5．relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到6．be known for因为……而著名7．at the beginning起初8．lead to导致9．play a role in在……中发挥作用1．appeal v．对……有吸引力；将……上诉；呼吁2．appetite n．食欲；嗜好3．approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近 n．方法4．appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的5．approve vt.批准；通过 vi.赞成6．approximately adv.大约7．arbitrary adj.任意的；武断的8．assess vt.评定；估价1．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.(why引导的定语从句)这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书写体系。2．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.(where引导的定语从句)秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字书写体系开始朝着一个方向发展。3．That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.(be of＋抽象名词)这种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有重要意义。4．Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.(no matter where引导的状语从句)即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。5．Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.(“介词＋which”引导的定语从句)汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。6．As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.(as引导的时间状语从句)随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。When 1.referring to English，we know English is widely used in global affairs.No matter what kind of English people are speaking，native speakers have no trouble understanding the words like “gas”，“petrol”，“subway”，“apartment”，“pants”，“semester” and other words 2.despite the small differences in vocabulary.But students whose mother tongue is not English are struggling with billions of words.On the other hand，from foreigners’ point of view，Chinese is regarded as a 3.demanding language.Firstly，the major language which is called Pu Tong Hua in China is hard enough to learn，let alone 4.varieties of dialects.Secondly，Chinese characters are abstract symbols for them.The writing system,5.dating back to the Shang Dynasty when people carved something with 6.specific meanings on bones or shells，is like strange pictures.However，based on the common 7.appreciation of these characters，some classic works are still read now and by this means we can know more about the ups and downs in ancient times.Besides，calligraphy is also an art form closely 8.related to Chinese culture.I beg all the people hold a positive attitude to both languages，which are of equal importance.To bridge the gap between cultures，by no means should we give up learning them well.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于(reference n．提及，涉及；参考；参考书目)•refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅refer...to...把……提交给……；让(人)参考……refer to...as...把……称作……•in/with reference to sb./sth.关于reference books/material参考书/参考资料 (1)He referred(refer) to the system that was related to the welfare of billions of people at the conference.(2)They always refer to me as a bookworm because I am always addicted to reading.(3)我写信寻求您的关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)I am writing to ask for your advice in/with reference to what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most.(4)如果你遇到了不认识的字，我强烈建议你查阅参考书或者向他人求助。(应用文写作之建议信)If you meet with the characters you don’t know，I strongly suggest that you (should) refer to reference books or turn to others for help. base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据(basic adj.基本的；基础的 basis n．基础)•base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上be based on/upon...以……为基础•on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期on the basis of在……的基础上 (1)On the basis(base)of what you show，I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position.(2)队员们需要每天放学之后接受训练，并且定期被提供机会去观摩乒乓球赛。Team members need to receive training after school every day and they are also offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions on a regular basis.(3)我写信告知你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。基于中国的传统风俗，你应该先让长者用餐。(应用文写作之告知信)I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners.Based on traditional Chinese customs，you should let the elderly eat first. major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 vi.主修，专门研究 n．主修课程；主修学生(majority n．大部分；大多数)•major in主修……•an English major一个英语专业的学生•a/the majority of大多数in a/the majority占大多数 (1)Inspired by the beauty of Chinese characters，I will major in calligraphy at university in the future.(2)有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)Some people gave up halfway，but the majority of the participants made it to the finishing line.(3)为我投票的人占大多数，因此我被选为学生会主席。Those who have voted for me are in the/a majority，so I am elected as chairman of the Student Association.   means n．方法；方式；途径a means of一种……的方法(means 单复数同形)by all means可以；当然行；没问题by means of借助……手段；依靠……方法by no means绝不，无论如何也不，一点都不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装) (1)Watching films was regarded as a means of entertainment when we were young.(2)Ancient people recorded what had happened by means of carving varieties of symbols with specific meanings onto shells or bones.(3)Every means has been tried(try) so far，but we still can’t solve the problem.(4)没有Paul的好心帮忙，Mac绝不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。①Mac could by no means scare the wolf off/away with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.②By no means could Mac scare the wolf off/away with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.(用倒装句改写) appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值(appreciation n．欣赏；感激)appreciate (one’s) doing sth.喜欢/感激(某人)做某事I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激。 (1)如果您能尽早回复我，我将非常感激。(应用文写作之结尾句)①I would really appreciate your replying to me at your earliest convenience.(appreciate one’s doing)②I would really appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.(appreciate it if...)(2)我写信来表达一下我对你的感激之情，感谢我在伦敦逗留期间你为我所做的一切。(应用文写作之感谢信)I’m writing to express my appreciation for what you did for me during my stay in London. equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的 v．与……相等，等于；比得上 (equality n．平等；相等 equally adv.相等地；同等地；公平地；同样地)•be without equal＝have no equal无与伦比•be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任(做)某事•equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 (1)From my point of view，Michael Jordan is without equal in playing basketball.(2)首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样重要的是我擅长与其他人交流。因此，我坚信我胜任博览会志愿者的工作。(应用文写作之申请信)Firstly，nobody can equal me in oral English.Equally important is that I am good at communicating with others.So I hold the firm belief that I am equal to the job as a volunteer for the fair. demand n．需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问(demanding adj.要求高的)•demand to do sth.要求做某事demand that...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)•be in (great) demand需求量大meet/satisfy one’s demand(s)满足某人的需求 (1)Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激)，demanding(demand)jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.(2020·浙江)(2)Science graduates are in greater demand than liberal arts ones in China.(3)我要求在山间骑马。为了满足我的需求，我叔叔要求我和父亲顺着这条道走，以防迷路。I demanded to take a horse ride in the mountains.To meet/satisfy my demands，my uncle demanded that my father and I (should) keep to the track in case we could get lost.  date back (to...)(＝date from)始于……；追溯到……(后接时间点)date back(＝go back)追溯；上溯(后接时间段) 我向你强烈推荐的旅游景点是始于公元前478年的孔庙。(应用文写作之推荐信)(1)The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is Confucius Temple that/which dates back to 478 BC.(定语从句)(2)The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is Confucius Temple dating back to 478 BC.(现在分词短语作定语)用法点拨　date back (to)一般只用现在时态，没有被动语态。　 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有重要意义。“be of＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋形容词”，这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名词有importance，value，use，help，benefit，significance等，这些名词可用great，little，some，any，no，not，much等修饰，用以说明程度。 (1)在我看来，保持在线学习和我们生活的平衡非常重要。(2021·全国乙，书面表达)From my point of view，striking a balance between online learning and our life is of great importance/significance.(2)你给我们的建议证明很有价值。没有它我们不可能实现我们的梦想。The advice you gave us proved to be of great value，without which we couldn’t have achieved our dreams.(3)参加课外活动对你的整体发展有益。Taking part in extra-curricular activities is of great benefit/help to your overall development.  Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写文字进行交流。•“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。•whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。•whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句；在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 (1)无论你何时需要帮助，我真诚地希望你能毫不犹豫地联系我。Whenever/No matter when you need help，I sincerely hope that you can get in touch with me without hesitation.(2)无论我多么忙，每天我都会匀出一些时间帮助来自美国的交换生学习汉语，并且告诉他们更多我们的习俗和传统。However/No matter how busy I am，I will spare some time every day to help the exchange students from the USA with Chinese and tell them more about our customs and traditions.(3)任何人触犯法律都会受到惩罚。Whoever breaks the law will be punished.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．refer to(1)Why not refer to a dictionary to check the spelling of the word？  C  (2)The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.  B  (3)The word business also refers to an organization that offers goods and services.  A   2．character(1)As we all know，Chinese characters are quite difficult to memorize.  D  (2)Tom Cruise is a leading character in this film.  C  (3)She has a cheerful but quiet character.  A  (4)The city invested 6 billion yuan to preserve the character of the old town.  B  (5)Sports can be good for character building.  E  3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Our cars are the equals of those produced anywhere in the world.相等物(2)Until then did I fully appreciate what my parents had done for me.理解；明白Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．The discovery of the new drug is of importance(important) to people who suffer from heart trouble.2．Human beings are regarded(regard) as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.3．The tsunami referred(refer) to in the report swept away about 2,000 people，shocking the rest of the country.4．The novel which was popular with readers was based on an earthquake which struck Wenchuan in 2008.5．The tower dating(date) back to the Ming Dynasty was seriously destroyed in the flood.6．There is no denying that human beings have suffered a lot on account of varieties(variety) of disasters.7．Fortunately，they survived the fire by means of breathing through a wet towel.8．All the students demand to supply(supply) themselves with more novels.9．All in all，I would appreciate it if you could supply us with timely and generous help.10．It is widely acknowledged that wisdom and efforts are equally(equal) important for success.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练建议信——参观故宫(the Forbidden City)1．得知你要参观可追溯到明朝的故宫，我写信给你一些建议。(date back to)Learning that you will visit the Forbidden City dating back to/that dates back to/which dates back to the Ming Dynasty，I am writing to offer you some tips.2．基于你匮乏关于故宫的知识，你最好提前查阅相关资料。(based on；refer to)Based on your lack of knowledge about it，you’ d better refer to some relevant materials in advance.3．另外，我强烈要求你雇用一位导游，这是详细了解故宫的好方式。(demand that；a means of)Besides，I demand that you (should) hire a tourist guide，which is a good means of knowing more about it in detail.4．同样重要的是，你应该穿运动鞋，这样你就不会太疲倦了。(equally important)Equally important is that you should wear sneakers so that you won’t get exhausted.5．总之，听从以上建议，你就能尽情地欣赏故宫之美。(appreciate)All in all，follow the above suggestions and you can appreciate the beauty of the Forbidden City to the fullest.Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练教材续写语料1．情感描写appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会regard n．尊重；关注；关心2．动作描写beg vt.恳求；祈求regard vt.把……视为；看待struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述beyond description难以描述refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。Mac正沿着山路骑行，这时他看到一只狼张着血盆大口追赶他。他的恐惧无以言表。他乞求过往的司机帮助他，但是徒劳。因此，他毫不犹豫地从自行车上下来，抓住自行车，用尽全力把自行车扔向狼，尽力把狼吓走。他就要成为狼的盘中餐时，他的朋友加入他。当他向朋友描述这件恐怖的事情时，他仍然感到毛骨悚然。Mac was pedaling along the mountain road when he saw a wolf chasing him，opening its bloody mouth.His fear was beyond description.He begged passing drivers to help him，but in vain.So he got off his bike without hesitation，seized it and threw it at the wolf with all his strength，struggling to frighten the wolf away.He was about to become the food of the wolf when his friends joined him.When he referred the horrible thing to his friends，he still felt as if his hair had stood on end.