2025年中考英语阅读练习专项复习热点时文07（原卷版）

这是一份2025年中考英语阅读练习专项复习热点时文07（原卷版），共12页。
【阅读理解】议论文，说明文
A篇：自动驾驶：无人驾驶引潮流，智慧出行乐翻天！
B篇：自动驾驶：自动驾驶汽车如何自己“开车”？多亏了传感器！
C篇：自动驾驶：黑客入侵、车路协同 自动驾驶面临的技术难题原来这么多！广泛应用还需时间。
D篇：自动驾驶：左转还是右转？自动驾驶常常面临“生死抉择”。 本文探讨道德困境、事故责任及规则制定难题。
E篇：自动驾驶：自动驾驶的“领头羊”---特斯拉. 文章介绍特斯拉自动驾驶技术，包括 Autpilt 及其发展，还有新的 Cybercab 及面临的问题
F篇：世界遗产：福建土楼——建筑瑰宝，也是文化传承。也见证千年变迁。
【阅读理解】记叙文：记叙文：洗涤心灵，启迪智慧，传播正能量 的故事
G篇： 面对生活中的困境，努力寻找自我价值。鼓励人们克服自身的阻碍去追求目标。
【完形填空】
中国传统经典故事——《三顾茅庐》
【语法填空】
古诗欣赏——柳宗元《江雪》
阅读理解A
Imagine this: Yu jump int a car n a weekend mrning, and it takes yu t where yu want t g withut needing any directins. When it drps yu ff, it drives itself back hme, s yu dn’t have t wrry abut parking. This is what self-driving cars can d.
A self-driving car, als called an autnmus r driverless car, is a car that can sense its surrundings (周围环境) and drive withut human help. Depending n hw advanced (先进的) the car is, it might need different levels f human help. At the highest levels, a persn might nt need t cntrl the car at all. But at lwer levels, a persn might still need t step in smetimes.
Hwever, making self-driving cars isn’t simple. Accrding t Wired, it’s a whle system with different parts that need care. Things like rad netwrks influence it.
Althugh making self-driving cars takes a lt f time and mney, the benefits (益处) are wrth it. Fr example, these cars culd reduce rad accidents. US gvernment data shws that 94 percent f crashes happen because f drivers’ mistakes. This means spending less mney n medical bills , less missed wrk and fewer car repairs.
Self-driving cars can als give mre freedm t peple with disabilities (残疾). Besides, these cars culd use less fuel (汽油) and prduce less pllutin by cutting dwn n traffic jams and nt running when they’re nt needed.
Many big cmpanies such as Baidu and Tesla are making self-driving cars. Wired magazine said this technlgy culd add $7 trillin (mre than 49 trillin yuan) t the wrld ecnmy sn. Gldman Sachs, a glbal investment bank, said self-driving cars culd make up 10 percent f new car sales by 2030.
1. What is the main idea f Paragraph 1?
A. T teach hw t park a self-driving car.
B. T explain hw t drive a self-driving car.
C. T tell where yu can buy a self-driving car
D. T intrduce what self-driving cars can d.
2. Why might a self-driving car still need help frm a human, accrding t Paragraph 2?
A. The car is new t the rad.
B. The car is nt advanced enugh yet.
C. The car cannt cmmunicate with its passengers.
D. The car is still learning hw t wrk with humans.
3. Hw can self-driving cars help reduce rad accidents?
A. By driving shrter distances. B. By aviding traffic jams.
C. By reducing drivers’ mistakes. D. By nt running when nt needed.
4. Why are sme big cmpanies making self-driving cars, accrding t the last paragraph?
A. They have enugh time and mney.
B. They see the advantages f self-driving cars.
C. They want t make cars less expensive.
D. They use self-driving cars t test new technlgy.
5. Accrding t Gldman Sachs, the future f self-driving cars is _____.
A. bright B. unknwn C. dangerus D. trublesme
阅读理解B
Self-driving cars d nt have peple telling them what t d. They mve themselves abut safely by ding three things right: learning abut the envirnment, deciding what t d next, and taking actin.
First, the car needs t knw what is arund it. It uses many different sensrs (传感器) t d this. These sensrs, such as cameras and radar, are like the car’s “eyes”. They allw the car t “see” things such as peple and traffic lights. The sensrs als help the car knw where and hw fast it is ging.
Besides knwing what is clse by, a self-driving car makes plans ahead t avid traffic accidents. This is where “vehicle t everything” (V2X) cmes in. This technlgy cnnects a self-driving car with peple and things. It als allws the car t g nline. All these things help the car “talk” with the utside wrld and get the latest rad infrmatin.
After receiving the infrmatin, the car needs t “read” it and decide what t d. S it cmbines the infrmatin frm all sensrs, just like putting tgether the pieces f a puzzle. This prcess is called multi-sensr fusin (多传感器融合). Machine learning plays an imprtant rle here because it helps the car recgnize peple and bjects. Then, the car can decide when t stp, g, r turn.
Finally, t carry ut decisins, the car uses drive-by-wire technlgy (线控技术). It allws the car t give “rders” t its wheels, brakes (刹车) and engine in the frm f electrnic signals (电子信号). This makes different parts f the car respnd quickly. The car als uses less il this way, which is gd fr the envirnment.
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. Ways t use different sensrs in self-driving cars.
B. The differences between the “eyes” f cars and humans.
C. Hw self-driving cars learn abut their envirnment.
D. When and where self-driving cars wrk the best.
2. What des V2X technlgy d?
A. It allws the car t see in the dark.
B. It allws the car t cnnect with peple and things.
C. It allws the car t cnnect with ther cars.
D. It allws the car t give “rders” t its wheels.
3. What des multi-sensr fusin mean?
A. Getting all rad infrmatin.
B. Using AI technlgy t finish a puzzle.
C. Putting tgether infrmatin frm all sensrs.
D. Cnnecting self-driving cars with each ther n the rad.
4. What d we knw abut drive-by-wire technlgy?
A. It helps self-driving cars drive faster.
B. It allws self-driving cars t run withut il.
C. It can cllect signals frm different traffic lights.
D. It helps cntrl the mvement f self-driving cars.
5. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Hw self-driving cars wrk.
B. Why self-driving cars are gd.
C. The develpment f self-driving cars.
D. The safety issues f self-driving cars.
阅读理解C
Autnmus driving is becming an imprtant part f future transprtatin, but it still faces many challenges with technlgy and infrastructure (基础建设).
A reprt frm China Yuth Daily explains that there are tw main types f self-driving systems tday: thse that use cameras and thse that use LiDAR (激光雷达). Each system has its wn prblems. Fr example, Tesla’s system uses cameras and deep learning, withut high-precisin (高精度的) maps. It wrks well in clear weather but has truble in bad cnditins like heavy rain r fg. Other cmpanies, like Xpeng Mtrs, use LiDAR technlgy, but it is expensive, arund 7,000 yuan fr each system, making it hard t use widely.
Anther prblem is keeping the cars safe frm hackers (黑客). Hackers can break int the car’s system and take cntrl f it using the internet. This culd cause accidents r lead t the hackers asking fr mney.
Self-driving cars can have prblems when smething unexpected happens. Fr example, if a traffic light stps wrking, the car might nt knw what t d because it is nly trained t fllw the light. Als, if a child runs int the street, the car needs t react fast, but smetimes its sensrs might nt see the child in time.
Besides these technical prblems， the infrastructure fr autnmus driving is still in the early stages f explratin , said the BBC. Many cities dn’t have a clear plan fr their traffic systems. Self-driving cars need t share data quickly and have pwerful cmputers. Making cars and rads wrk tgether needs a lt f teamwrk. But right nw, many cities dn’t have the technlgy t send data fast enugh.
“Even thugh self-driving cars perfrm as well as r even better than humans in sme situatins, it will still take time befre they can be widely used,” said Zhang Yngwei, an electric vehicle (电动汽车) expert.
1. What is ne big challenge fr Tesla’s self-driving system?
A. High cst f built-in cameras.
B. Truble wrking well in bad weather.
C. Difficulty in using deep machine learning.
D. Dependence n high-precisin maps.
2. Why isn’t LiDAR technlgy widely used?
A. It is nt safe enugh. B. It needs high-precisin maps.
C. It is very expensive. D. It is still under develpment.
3. What des Paragraph 3 say abut self-driving cars?
A. They dn’t break dwn ften.
B. They can prtect themselves frm hackers.
C. They can be hacked and cntrlled.
D. They can deal with accidents by themselves.
4. Why is the current infrastructure a prblem fr using self-driving cars?
A. Nt all rads have traffic lights.
B. Data is nt shared quickly enugh.
C. Many cities may nt have enugh cmputers t prcess data.
D. Self-driving cars can nly run n straight rads.
5. Hw des Zhang Yngwei see the future f self-driving cars?
A. They will never perfrm as well as human drivers.
B. They will sn replace all human-driven cars.
C. They will cause many scial prblems.
D. They need mre time t develp.
阅读理解D
Imagine yu are in an autnmus vehicle (AV) and face this terrible chice: The car must either turn left and hit a yung girl, r turn right and hit many pedestrians (行人). On tp f this “mral dilemma (道德困境)”, if the car desn’t turn, yu might get hurt. What decisin wuld yu expect the AV t make?
In life-and-death situatins, shuld AVs put passengers first r pedestrians? Shuld AVs priritize (优先考虑) the greater gd r ne persn’s safety? These have been a central tpic fr several years. Hwever, there can be n cmpletely perfect slutin.
“A mral dilemma is a dilemma; it has n clear slutin by design (设计),” wrte Derek Leben, a prfessr f ethics (伦理学) at the Tepper Schl f Business, US, in his paper.
When studying these questins f AVs, Iyad Rahwan, an MIT scientist, fund that peple are selfish. “Peple buying these cars, they want cars that priritize the passenger,” Rahwan tld Science News. “But they want ther peple’s cars t prtect pedestrians instead.”
AVs bring nt nly mral dilemmas but als ther challenges. When there is an accident, wh shuld be respnsible fr it, the cmpany f the AV, r the “driver”?
In July, a self-driving taxi by Baidu hit a pedestrian in Wuhan, Hubei, wh ran a red light. Baidu wrked with the plice and tk the pedestrian t the hspital. In anther accident in April in Seattle, US, the respnsibility fell n the “driver” since the “driver” was n his phne while in the full self-driving (supervised) mde (监督式全自动驾驶模式).
The situatins f different accidents caused by AVs are s cmplicated (复杂的) that “nw there are n clear regulatins”, Ji Xuehng, a researcher frm Nrth China University f Technlgy, tld Natinal Business Daily. “And the regulatins fr different levels frm L2 t L4 are als different,” Ji added.
1. Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic f mral dilemmas faced by AVs?
A. By intrducing the rules fr self-driving cars.
B. By explaining what mral dilemmas mean.
C. By giving an example f a hard decisin.
D. By intrducing hw self-driving cars wrk.
2. What des Derek Leben think abut the mral dilemma?
A. It can be dealt with easily. B. There is n perfect slutin.
C. It can be avided by design. D. It wn’t happen in real life.
3. Accrding t Iyad Rahwan’s research, what kind f AVs d peple want fr themselves?
A. One that can make mral decisins.
B. One that puts pedestrians’ safety first.
C. One that prtects everyne equally.
D. One that keeps its passengers safest.
4. What is Paragraph 6 mainly abut?
A. Real-life examples f AV accidents in China.
B. Arguments caused by AV accidents.
C. Ways t stp accidents between AVs and pedestrians.
D. Different situatins f accidents caused by AVs.
5. What des Ji Xuehng express abut AVs in the last paragraph?
A. It’s hard t cntrl self-driving cars.
B. It’s hard t make rules fr AVs.
C. AVs can cause a lt f truble.
D. The regulatins fr AVs will cme ut sn.
阅读理解E
As a tp wrld carmaker, Tesla is leading the way in self-driving technlgy. The cmpany’s CEO, Eln Musk, has prmised an exciting future where Teslas drive themselves. Much f this prmise is fcused n Autpilt, Tesla’s advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). It is designed t make driving safer.
Autpilt fficially came ut in 2015. It can reduce the wrk drivers need t d at the wheel. Tday, the system becmes standard n every new Tesla. It includes features like Autsteer (自动驾驶) and Traffic-Aware Cruise Cntrl (交通感知巡航控制), which tgether help a car match its speed t that f nearby traffic and stay within a clearly marked lane (车道).
The Autpilt system requires special tls t cllect and prcess data (数据). The first tl, named “Hardware 1”, used a camera, radar and ultrasnic sensrs (超声波传感器) t prvide driving help. In 2016, “Hardware 2” was intrduced. It was imprved t include eight cameras, a radar sensr and 12 ultrasnic sensrs. With better tls, Tesla intrduced Enhanced (增强版) Autpilt later that same year. It has new features that help cars t change lanes and park by themselves.
In 2017, Tesla began selling a mre advanced mdel f Autpilt, calling it “Full Self-Driving” (FSD).  In additin t the features f Basic and Enhanced Autpilt, FSD can see and stp fr traffic lights. Hwever, bth Autpilt and FSD require active driver cntrl and d nt make the car fully autnmus .
Anther majr develpment came in Octber 2024, when Musk shwed the cmpany’s new rbtaxi, called the “Cybercab”. Expected t be available befre 2027, Cybercab will have n steering wheel (方向盘). “Yu culd fall asleep and wake up at yur destinatin ,” said Musk at the cmpany event. Hwever, experts aren’t sure if these Tesla taxis will be n the rads sn because there are still many prblems t slve and safety tests t pass.
1. Why did Tesla design Autpilt?
A. T make driving safer.
B. T test new driving technlgy.
C. T cllect infrmatin abut self-driving cars.
D. T let self-driving cars run at a fixed speed.
2. When did Tesla intrduce Enhanced Autpilt?
A. In 2015. B. In 2016. C. In 2017. D. In 2018.
3. What can Enhanced Autpilt help cars d?
A. Drive by themselves at night. B. Stay in a marked lane.
C. Change lanes and park by themselves. D. Use radar and sensrs t drive.
4. Hw is FSD different frm Basic and Enhanced Autpilt?
A. It needs active driver cntrl. B. It can stp fr traffic lights.
C. It has a feature called Autsteer. D. It makes the car fully self-driving.
5. What d we knw abut Tesla’s Cybercab, accrding t the last paragraph?
A. It was made by Tesla and a taxi cmpany.
B. It can help peple sleep better.
C. It is already available t buy.
D. It still needs t pass safety tests.
阅读理解F
Take a lk at this ld rund structure (结构) made f earth and wd, where histry cmes alive. Welcme t Fujian’s tulu!
There are thusands f tulu acrss Fujian, with Yngding being hme t 1,768 f them. They were built by the Hakka peple (客家人), a grup wh mved frm China’s central plains (中原) t the muntains in the suth t avid wars centuries ag.
Have yu ever dreamed f spending a day living in a tulu? Nw, that dream can cme true. Shengheng Lu (升恒楼), a tulu in Yngding with nearly fur centuries f histry, has nw becme a htel. It has been turned frm an ld building int a fine htel with lts f mney put int it. Last year, arund 5,000 guests stayed in the htel.
Lin Hui, the manager, understands the building and its histry. She was brn in 1986 inside the walls f anther tulu in Yngding. Accrding t Lin, the building will becme weak if it is n lnger in use. Every space in a tulu is cnnected (相连的), s if ne rm becmes weak, the nearby rms can als fall.
The rebuilding fixed the ld prblems and als added imprtant things like tilets. Steel was added t make the mstly wden building strnger.
In Fujian, 46 tulu were listed as UNESCO Wrld Heritage Sites in 2018, including 23 in Yngding.
Lin Shangkang, a 52-year-ld lcal man, lives in anther Wrld Heritage site, Zhencheng Lu (振成楼). He wrks as a tur guide t his hme. “I never get tired f telling visitrs abut the histry f this place; I enjy it,” Lin said. His great-grandfather and his brthers built the building a century ag. Tday, the tulu is still hme t 18 families. Tgether, there are abut 80 peple living there.
Zeng Jieshan, a 16-year-ld high schl student frm Shenzhen, Guangdng, traveled fur hurs by train t experience the tulu up clse. “I used t think ancient buildings were mstly temples r ryal palaces, like the Frbidden City,” Zeng said. “But here in the tulu, peple still live happily.”
1.Hw many tulu are there in Yngding?
A. 1,768 B. 5,000 C. 46 D. 23
2.Why did they list 46 tulu as Wrld Heritage Sites?
A. Because they are beautiful. B. Because they are ld.
C. Because f their histrical value. D. Because they are large.
3. What influence we can knw frm the listing f tulu as UNESCO Wrld Heritage Sites?
A. The number f peple living in tulu drpped a lt.
B. The turism value f tulu went up.
C. The architectural style f tulu changed little by little.
D. The cst f maintaining tulu went dwn a great deal.
4.Why was steel put in when the tulu was rebuilt?
A. T make the tulu lk better.
B. T make the tulu strnger against earthquakes.
C. T make the mstly wden parts strnger.
D. T make it easier fr air t get inside the tulu.
5.What des the 16 - year - ld high schl student Zeng Jieshan's experience shw?
A. Only lcal peple like tulu.
B. Peple f different ages like tulu.
C. The yuth prefer mdern architecture t ancient buildings.
D. Yung peple are interested in ryal palaces and temples.
阅读理解G
Life has a way f shaping us. Life can make yu dubt r questin yur purpse. These are thughts that I have had in my head fr many years. Petry prepares me fr my purpse. My purpse is petry.
In my jurney tward purpse, petry is my safety net. I started writing at the age f 5. By 13, I had written quite a lt f pems. Petry was my escape frm bullying . I experienced frm sme peple arund me. They bullied me because f the way I lked. This gave me lw self-esteem (自尊). Petry was my way t be seen, be heard and be knwn.
Fr each imprtant mment in my life, I write petry. In tugh times, I write petry. I cnnect with petry n a deep level. It releases me frm pain. Hwever, writing petry can’t supprt me. S I turned t teaching instead.
While living in China, I wrked as an English teacher. I help teach tw classes. The tw Chinese teachers I wrk with gave me feedback n hw t teach the students English. They als decided what I needed t d in the classrm. With challenging situatins like this, I cntinue writing petry. I write dwn my feelings. I reflect. I embrace (欣然接受) a new me. I learn t think psitively. My relatinship with petry has grwn ver time. Petry stays in the depths f my sul.
Nthing is stpping yu. The nly persn standing in yur way is yu. Yu have the pwer. Keep ging. Keep believing. Remember that yur hard wrk is nt in vain. G fr it! Yur purpse is waiting fr yu!
1. Why did the authr say petry was her safety net?
A. It was a way fr her t questin her life.
B. It made her ppular amng her c-wrkers.
C. It gave her a sense f achievement.
D. It prvided her with relief frm pain.
2. Why did the authr decide t becme a teacher?
A. T earn mre mney t supprt herself.
B. T help kids learn hw t write pems.
C. T develp a healthy lifestyle.
D. T win ther peple’s respect.
3. What des the underlined phrase “in vain” in the last paragraph mean?
A. in need B. imprtant C. f n use D. successful
4. What des the authr want t tell us in the end?
A. Have fun being creative in what yu d.
B. Self-belief will help us achieve ur purpse.
C. Be brave t say n while being treated unfairly.
D. Failure is the mther f success.
完形填空
The Stry f Three Visits t the Thatched Cttage
A lng time ag in China, there was a wise man named Zhuge Liang. He lived in a small thatched cttage(茅庐)in the muntains. He was very ___1______ and knew a lt abut hw t win wars.
Liu Bei was a brave man wh wanted t make the cuntry better. He ____2____ Zhuge Liang and wanted him t help. S, Liu Bei went t the ___3_____t find Zhuge Liang. But when he gt there, Zhuge Liang was nt at hme. He was ut reading bks r thinking abut imprtant things. Liu Bei was sad, but he didn't give up.
After a few days, Liu Bei went t the thatched cttage again. This time, Zhuge Liang was ____4____. Liu Bei waited ____5_____ utside. He didn't want t wake up Zhuge Liang because he knew Zhuge Liang needed rest t think clearly. But when Zhuge Liang wke up, he still didn't want t help Liu Bei. He thught Liu Bei was just an rdinary man，He didn’t quite ___6_____ him.
Liu Bei was very ____7_____ but he still didn't lse hpe. He waited fr a few mre days and went t the thatched cttage fr the third time. This time, Zhuge Liang was at hme and they talked fr a lng time. Liu Bei tld Zhuge Liang abut his ____8_____ and hw he wanted t make the peple happy. Zhuge Liang was mved by Liu Bei's sincerity and _____9____. He finally agreed t help Liu Bei.
With Zhuge Liang's help, Liu Bei became strnger and strnger. They wrked tgether and did many great things. The stry f the three visits t the thatched cttage tells us that if we are sincere and never give up, we can ___10_____ur gals and find the help we need.
1. A. caring B. understanding C. patient D. smart
2. A. heard frm B. learnt abut C. heard abut D. learnt frm
3. A. grunds B. muntain C. rivers D. lands
4. A. wrking B. writing C. sleeping D. cking
5. A. quietly B. carefully C. plitely D. wrriedly
6. A. recgnize B. respect C. admire D. understand
7. A. interested B. disappinted C. surprised D. shcked
8. A. prgrammes B. prjects C. feelings D. dreams
9. A. decisin B. slutin C. determinatin D. fearlessness
10. A. find B. achieve C. encurage D. increase
语法填空
《江雪》
柳宗元
千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。
孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。
Frm hill t hill n bird in flight,
Frm path t path n man in sight
A lnely fisherman aflat,
Is fishing snw in lnely bat‌?
Translated Xu Yuangchng
"River Snw" is a famus pem written by Liu Zngyuan. He was a great pet in the Tang Dynasty f China. He lived frm 773 t 819. During his life, he had many ups and dwns. He was nce a gvernment fficial, but he faced a lt f difficulties and even he 1.__________ (send) t a faraway place. His life was nt easy, 2._______ he still lved nature and wrte many beautiful pems.
In this pem, Liu Zngyuan paints a picture f a cld winter day. There are n birds flying frm hill t hill. There are n peple 3.________(walk) n the paths. Everything seems quiet and lnely. But in the middle f this 4.________(snw) wrld, there is a man. He is wearing a straw clak and he is fishing n the river. This man is like 5_________ pet himself. He is alne, but he is nt afraid 6_______the cld and the lneliness. He is enjying the beauty f nature.
The way Liu Zngyuan writes this pem is very special. He uses simple wrds, but they create a strng image in 7.________(we) minds. He desn't say much, but we can feel the cld, the quietness and the beauty f the snw. He als uses cntrast. The big, empty wrld and the small, lnely man make us think mre abut life and nature.
This pem shws us the 8._________( pet) feelings. He is sad and lnely, but he als finds peace and beauty in nature. Even when life is hard, we can still find smething gd and enjy it. Many peple 9.________( lved) this pem fr hundreds f years. It teaches us t be strng and t lve nature. It als makes us think abut ur wn lives and hw we can find__________( happy) in the wrld arund us.