(译林版)2020版高考英语一轮习第1部分：语言知识 必修1 Unit 3　能力提升题组训练（B）(含解析)

www.ks5u.com能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018宁波十校高三模拟)We live in a society where many people tend to have “black and white thinking” and extreme thinking.Every day a new headline announces a certain food is bad and ruining our health,while praises another food of its amazing benefits.Each year,new studies in nutrition science come out,many of which are against earlier findings. Additionally,we are told the lie that if we eat the “correct foods” and follow a set of rules,we will gain health and happiness.We’ve all heard someone saying,“I ate a brownie(巧克力蛋糕)and I was so bad today.” Someone feels that what they eat determines whether they are a “good” or “bad” person.For instance,someone might also say,“I am a good parent if I feed my child this.”However,food isn’t good or bad.What you choose to eat does not determine your value or worth as a human being.The only reason to feel guilty for eating a brownie is that you stole it from the store.Besides,the idea that you shouldn’t eat later in the evening is a nutrition myth.Our metabolism(代谢) keeps running 24 hours a day.Rules (like telling yourself when to stop eating) create fear and a sense that you cannot trust with food. Consistently fueling your body every few hours especially when you are hungry will allow you to feel your best.So when you feel hungry before heading to bed,eat some cheese and crackers.In my opinion,mental health is an important part of one’s overall health.I think we can all agree that being terrified to eat some food is not mentally healthy.Rather than focusing on food rules,aim for balance,variety and flexibility.1.We can judge whether a person is “good” or “bad” by 　　   　. A.the source of the food   B.the time when they eat their foodC.the person’s preference for food D.the things they put in their food2.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A.It’s wrong for people to eat anything late in the evening.B.It’s important to keep a balanced diet for people’s health.C.Fear of some food is an important reflection of mental health.D.Parents who give children bad food are bad parents.3.What seems to be the author’s attitude toward the present thoughts about food?A.Disapproving    B.Favorable    C.Reserved    D.Objective语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。作者表明了自己对当下的一些饮食原则的看法,我们应更多地关注饮食平衡、饮食多样性和灵活性。答案及剖析:1.A　细节理解题。由文章第二段内容“food isn’t good or bad.What you choose to eat does not determine your value or worth as a human being.The only reason to feel guilty for eating a brownie is that you stole it from the store”可知,作者认为判断一个人好坏得依据食物来源而不是食物本身,故选A。2.B　推理判断题。由文章第三段最后一句“So when you feel hungry before heading to bed,eat some cheese and crackers.”可知A项叙述错误;由文章最后一句“Rather than focusing on food rules,aim for balance,variety and flexibility”可知,作者认为平衡饮食对健康很重要,故B项正确;由文章最后一段第二句“I think we can all agree that being terrified to eat some food is not mentally healthy”可知C项叙述不正确;由文章第二段内容“someone might also say,‘I am a good parent if I feed my child this.’ However,food isn’t good or bad.”可知,作者认为食物的好坏并不能决定一个人的好坏,D项不正确。3.A　观点态度题。由文章第一段和最后一段可知,作者并不赞同当下的一些有关饮食的说法,故选A。B(2018江西师范大学附属中学高三三模)If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life,new research may come as a shock.According to a recent scientific study,people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1,000 joggers and non-joggers for 12 years.The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die.The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour.The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers.The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉).Over time,this can cause serious injuries.Peter Schnohr,a researcher in Copenhagen,said,“If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy,jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy.Anything more is not just unnecessary,and it may be harmful.”The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi,yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than “iron man” events,triathlons and long-distance running and cycling.According to Jacob Louis Marott,another researcher involved in the study,“You don’t actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health.And perhaps you shouldn’t actually do too much”.4.The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “　　  　”. A.hard     B.regular   C.practical   D.flexible5.The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to 　　   　. A.suggest giving up jogging      B.show risks of doing sportsC.provide supportive evidence  D.introduce the research process6.According to the scientists,why is too much exercise harmful?A.It may injure the heart and arteries. B.It can make the body tired out.C.It will bring much pressure.         D.It consumes too much energy.7.What can be inferred from the text?A.No exercise at all is the best choice. B.More exercise means a healthier life.C.Marathons runners are least likely to die. D.Proper exercise contributes to good health.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了做运动过多或过少都对身体有害,只有做适量的运动才对身体有益。答案及剖析:4.A　词义猜测题。由第一段“According to a recent scientific study,people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.”可知,一点不做运动的人和非常艰苦锻炼的人都极有可能死,故选A。5.C　推理判断题。第二段所举的例子主要是为了证明第一段所提出的观点,所以在第二段列举一些数字为观点提供有力的证据,故选C。6.A　细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句“The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉).”可知,做过多的运动有害是因为它可能伤害心脏和动脉,故选A。7.D　推理判断题。根据第三段可知,做运动过多或过少都对身体有害,只有做适量的运动才对身体有益,故选D。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018河北衡水中学高三三模)Tsinghua University was established in 1911,originally under the name “Tsinghua Xuetang”.The school was renamed “Tsinghua School” in 1912.The university section 1.　　 　　 (found) in 1925.The name “National Tsinghua University” was adopted in 1928. Tsinghua University was forced 2.　　　　 (move) to Kunming and join with Peking University and Nankai University to form the Southwest Associated University due to the Resistance War 3.　　　    　 the Japanese Invasion in 1937.In 1946 the university was moved back to its 4.　　　　 (origin) location in Beijing after the war. In November 1952,Mr.Jiang Nanxiang 5.　　　　 (become) the President of the University.He made a significant contribution in leading Tsinghua to become the national center for 6.　　　　 (train) great engineers and 7.　　　　(scientist). 8.　　   　　 China opened up to the world in 1978,Tsinghua University has developed at a breathtaking pace into a research university.Tens of thousands of students have graduated from Tsinghua since its founding,among 9.　　　　 are many outstanding scholars,excellent business persons and great statesmen 10.　　　　 (respect) by their fellow Chinese citizens. 答案及剖析:1.was founded　考查时态和语态。文章描述过去发生的事情,主语是第三人称单数,且与动词是被动关系。2.to move　考查非谓语动词。be forced to do sth.“被迫做某事”。3.against　考查介词。介词against 意为“抵抗;反对”。4.original　考查词性转换。形容词作定语修饰名词location。5.became　考查时态。文章讲述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。6.training　考查非谓语动词。介词后接动名词作宾语。7.scientists　考查名词复数。名词作宾语,and表并列, engineers指人, scientist“科学家”是可数名词,和engineers并列,用复数。8.Since　考查连词。since引导时间状语从句。置句首单词首字母大写。9.whom　考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词students,关系词在从句中作介词宾语,指人,故用关系代词whom。10.respected　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作定语修饰名词statesman,并与其存在被动关系,故用过去分词respected,并与by their fellow Chinese citizens一起作后置定语。Ⅲ.书面表达(2018山西太原二模)假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Mark希望向你了解国画的有关知识,原定见面时间,因故需要推迟,请给Mark写一封邮件,说明情况。要点包括:1.表示歉意并说明原因;2.重约见面讨论时间;3.推荐先参观国画展览。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Dear Mark,                                                                                                                                                                                                Yours,Li HuaOne possible version:Dear Mark,I hate to say sorry,but there is a change in my school arrangements.So I am afraid I won’t be able to keep my appointment to discuss traditional Chinese paintings with you this Friday.I sincerely apologize to you for any inconvenience caused by the unexpected change.I suggest we put it off until next Thursday.Will that be fine for you?Good news is that an exhibition of Chinese paintings is to be held this weekend.Works by some nationwide famous painters will be included in the exhibits.A visit there will definitely help better your understanding of the paintings.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua