人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 1 The Changing World 暑假预习知识练习单（解析版+原卷版）

这是一份人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 1 The Changing World 暑假预习知识练习单（解析版+原卷版），共8页。试卷主要包含了 highway n， railway n， bridge n， capital n， transprt n， sandstrm n， rt n， sil n等内容，欢迎下载使用。
① 学习目标
• 掌握本单元20个核心词汇的词形变换、常用搭配及用法
• 掌握10个核心词组的意义、用法并能熟练运用
• 掌握三种时态（used t d、现在完成时、一般过去时）的用法区别
• 能运用所学时态和词汇描述家乡或生活的变化
• 能运用对比手法完成关于"变化"的书面表达
② 核心词汇精讲
1. highway n.高速公路；公路
• 词形变换：复数 highways
• 搭配：a new highway 一条新高速公路；build a highway 修建高速公路；highway system 高速公路网
• 例句：A new highway has been built, and the travel time has been cut t just half an hur.
（一条新高速公路建成了，出行时间缩短到了仅仅半小时。）
2. railway n.铁路
• 词形变换：复数 railways
• 搭配：a new railway 一条新铁路；railway statin 火车站；by railway 乘火车
• 例句：The new 480-kilmetre Mmbasa-Nairbi railway was pened in 2017.
（新的480公里蒙内铁路于2017年通车。）
3. bridge n.桥；桥梁
• 词形变换：复数 bridges
• 搭配：crss the bridge 过桥；build a bridge 建桥；high bridge 高架桥
• 例句：The bridge made it cnvenient fr the villagers t travel acrss the river t the city.
（这座桥让村民们过河进城变得方便了。）
4. capital n.首都；省会；大写字母
• 词形变换：复数 capitals
• 搭配：the capital f... ……的首都；capital city 首都城市；capital letter 大写字母
• 例句：Beijing, China's capital, hsted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics.
（中国首都北京举办了2008年夏季奥运会和2022年冬季奥运会。）
5. transprt n./v.交通；运输；运送
• 词形变换：三单 transprts；过去式/过去分词 transprted；现在分词 transprting；名词形式 transprtatin（交通运输）
• 搭配：transprt links 交通连接；public transprt 公共交通；transprt f fd 食物运输
• 例句：The railway has als made the transprt f fd easier.
（这条铁路也让食物运输变得更方便了。）
6. sandstrm n.沙尘暴
• 词形变换：复数 sandstrms
• 搭配：a terrible sandstrm 一场可怕的沙尘暴；sandstrm weather 沙尘暴天气
• 例句：There used t be sandstrms all the time in that area.
（那个地区过去总是有沙尘暴。）
7. bush n.灌木；灌木丛
• 词形变换：复数 bushes
• 搭配：plant bushes 种植灌木；hld the sil tgether 把土壤固定在一起
• 例句：Lcals fund a bush that had rts that culd hld the sil tgether.
（当地人发现了一种灌木，它的根能把土壤固定在一起。）
8. rt n.根；根源
• 词形变换：复数 rts
• 搭配：the rts f the trees 树根；hld the sil tgether 固定土壤；the rt f the prblem 问题的根源
• 例句：The rts f bushes and trees hld the sil tgether.
（灌木和树木的根把土壤固定在一起。）
9. sil n.土壤；土地
• 搭配：hld the sil tgether 固定土壤；sandy sil 沙质土壤；rich sil 肥沃的土壤
• 例句：The rts f the trees hld the sil tgether, and the envirnment has greatly imprved.
（树根把土壤固定在一起，环境也得到了极大的改善。）
10. envirnment n.环境；自然环境
• 词形变换：形容词形式 envirnmental（环境的）
• 搭配：prtect the envirnment 保护环境；imprve the envirnment 改善环境；envirnmental prtectin 环境保护
• 例句：The envirnment has greatly imprved since they planted trees.
（自从他们种树以来，环境已经大大改善了。）
11. freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的
• 词形变换：动词形式 freeze（冻结；结冰）；过去式 frze；过去分词 frzen（冷冻的）
• 搭配：belw freezing 零度以下；freezing cld 极其寒冷；freezing pint 冰点
• 例句：Temperatures were belw freezing during the winter.
（冬天的时候气温在零度以下。）
12. prduct n.产品；制品
• 词形变换：复数 prducts；动词形式 prduce（生产；制造）；名词形式 prductin（生产；产量）
• 搭配：lcal prducts 当地产品；digital prduct 数字产品；sell prducts nline 在网上销售产品
• 例句：A digital prduct is smething yu sell nline and desn't have a physical frm.
（数字产品是你在网上销售的、没有实体形态的东西。）
13. crn n.玉米；谷物
• 搭配：crn fields 玉米田；grw crn 种玉米
• 例句：The crn fields are nw cvered with green plants.
（玉米田现在覆盖着绿色的植物。）
14. wide adj.宽的；宽阔的；广泛的
• 词形变换：比较级 wider；最高级 widest；副词形式 widely（广泛地）；反义词 narrw（窄的）
• 搭配：wide rad 宽阔的道路；widely used 被广泛使用；wide pen 大敞着
• 例句：The rad used t be narrw and dirty. Nw, it is wide and clean.
（这条路过去又窄又脏。现在，它又宽又干净。）
15. sandy adj.沙的；多沙的
• 词形变换：名词形式 sand（沙子）；比较级 sandier；最高级 sandiest
• 搭配：sandy sil 沙质土壤；sandy beach 沙滩
• 例句：The hills used t be cvered with sandy sil, but nw they are cvered with green plants.
（山丘过去覆盖着沙质土壤，现在覆盖着绿色植物。）
16. lrry n.卡车；（英式）运货汽车
• 词形变换：复数 lrries
• 搭配：drive a lrry 开卡车；a heavy lrry 重型卡车；lrry driver 卡车司机
• 例句：In the past, lrries carried gds alng the narrw rads.
（过去，卡车沿着狭窄的道路运输货物。）
17. attract v.吸引；引起
• 词形变换：名词形式 attractin（吸引力；景点）；形容词形式 attractive（有吸引力的）；过去式/过去分词 attracted
• 搭配：attract turists 吸引游客；turist attractin 旅游景点；feel attracted t 被吸引
• 例句：The village has becme a turist attractin and attracts many visitrs every year.
（这个村庄成了一个旅游景点，每年吸引许多游客。）
18. gvernment n.政府
• 词形变换：动词形式 gvern（统治；管理）；形容词形式 gvernmental（政府的）
• 搭配：the gvernment 政府；gvernment supprt 政府支持；lcal gvernment 地方政府
• 例句：The gvernment has given a lt f supprt t the village.
（政府给了这个村庄很多支持。）
19. as a result 结果；因此
• 搭配：as a result 结果；因此；as a result f... 由于……
• 例句：Great changes have taken place as a result, and peple's lives have imprved.
（结果发生了巨大的变化，人们的生活得到了改善。）
20. turist attractin 旅游景点；名胜
• 词形变换：复数 turist attractins
• 搭配：a famus turist attractin 著名景点；becme a turist attractin 成为旅游景点
• 例句：The ld twn has becme a ppular turist attractin.
（这座古镇成了一个受欢迎的旅游景点。）
③ 核心词组精讲
1. used t d 过去常常做（现在不做了）
• 例句：We used t have t travel far t see a dctr.
（我们过去常常要跑很远才能看医生。）
2. be used t ding 习惯于做（t是介词，后接ding）
• 例句：He is used t getting up early.
（他习惯于早起。）
3. take place 发生；举行（无被动语态）
• 例句：Great changes have taken place in ur city.
（我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。）
4. cut the travel time 缩短出行时间
• 例句：The new highway has cut the travel time t just half an hur.
（新高速公路把出行时间缩短到了仅仅半小时。）
5. hld the sil tgether 把土壤固定在一起
• 例句：The rts f trees can hld the sil tgether.
（树根可以把土壤固定在一起。）
6. be cvered with 被……覆盖
• 例句：The hills are cvered with green plants.
（山丘被绿色植物覆盖。）
7. as a result 结果；因此
• 例句：Peple planted many trees. As a result, the envirnment has imprved.
（人们种了很多树。结果，环境改善了。）
8. turist attractin 旅游景点；名胜
• 例句：The village has becme a famus turist attractin.
（这个村庄成了著名的旅游景点。）
9. with the supprt f 在……的支持下
• 例句：With the supprt f the gvernment, the village has develped rapidly.
（在政府的支持下，村庄发展迅速。）
10. imprve the envirnment 改善环境
• 例句：Planting trees is a gd way t imprve the envirnment.
（种树是改善环境的好方法。）
④ 语法精讲
(一) used t d 过去常常做
★ 定义：used t d 用来表示过去常常做某事或过去存在的状态，暗含"现在已经不再这样了"的意思。
★ 基本结构：主语 + used t + 动词原形
例句：We used t have t travel far t see a dctr.
★ 否定形式：主语 + did nt use t + 动词原形（借助did后，used还原为use）
例句：He didn't use t like vegetables, but nw he lves them.
★ 疑问形式：Did + 主语 + use t + 动词原形？
例句：Did yu use t walk t schl?
★ 易错：used t d vs be used t ding
used t d = 过去常常做（现在不做了）
be used t ding = 习惯于做（现在仍然在做，t是介词，后接ding）
对比：I used t get up early.（过去常常早起，但现在不了）
I am used t getting up early.（现在已经习惯了早起）
(二) 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense
★ 定义：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响，或从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
★ 基本结构：主语 + have/has + 过去分词
例句：Our village has just built a new hspital.
★ 常见时间标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, fr+时间段, since+时间点/从句, ver the last/past+时间段
★ have been t vs have gne t：have been t + 地点 = 曾经去过某地（已回来）
have gne t + 地点 = 已经去了某地（还没回来）
对比：I have been t Beijing twice.（去过，已回来）
He has gne t Beijing. He'll be back next week.（去了，还没回来）
★ fr vs since：fr + 时间段（回答"多久"）/ since + 时间点或从句（回答"从什么时候开始"）
★ 易错：不能与过去具体时间连用；短暂性动词需换延续性动词
❌ I have seen him yesterday. → ✅ I saw him yesterday.
❌ I have bught this bk fr tw years. → ✅ I have had this bk fr tw years.
(三) 一般过去时 Simple Past Tense
★ 定义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，和现在没有直接联系。
★ 基本结构：主语 + 动词过去式
例句：The new hspital pened last Friday.
★ 常见时间标志词：yesterday, last week/mnth/year, , in 2020, just nw等
★ 与现在完成时的核心区别：一般过去时：只陈述过去的事实，不强调对现在的影响
现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在造成的影响或结果
对比：The railway pened in 2017.（陈述2017年的事实）
The railway has cut the travel time.（强调变化的结果）
⑤ 基础闯关
A. 根据句意及中文提示完成单词（每空一词）
1. The new _______________（高速公路）has made travel much faster.
答案：highway
解析：highway意为"高速公路"，根据中文提示填写。
2.The _______________（铁路）was pened in 2017 and cut travel time between the tw cities.
答案：railway
解析：railway意为"铁路"，过去时pened提示此处填名词。
3.The _______________（桥）made it cnvenient fr the villagers t travel acrss the river.
答案：bridge
解析：bridge意为"桥"，作主语用单数形式。
4.Temperatures were belw _______________（冰冻的）last winter. It was very cld.
答案：freezing
解析：freezing意为"极冷的；冰冻的"，belw freezing表示"零度以下"。
5.The farmers grw _______________（玉米）in the fields every year.
答案：crn
解析：crn意为"玉米"，不可数名词，用原形。
6.The rad is much _______________（宽的）nw than befre. It used t be very narrw.
答案：wider
解析：wide意为"宽的"，than提示用比较级wider。
7.The hills arund ur village were cvered with _______________（沙的）sil.
答案：sandy
解析：sandy意为"沙的"，修饰名词sil用形容词形式。
8.Our village has becme a turist _______________（景点）and many visitrs cme here.
答案：attractin
解析：turist attractin是固定搭配，attractin是attract的名词形式。
9.The _______________（政府）has given a lt f supprt t the village.
答案：gvernment
解析：gvernment意为"政府"，作主语用单数。
10.Great changes have taken place _______________（结果；因此）, and peple's lives have imprved.
答案：as a result
解析：as a result意为"结果；因此"，表示因果关系。
B. 单项选择
11. ______ yu ______ t schl by bike?
A. Did; use B. Did; used C. D; use D. Were; used
答案：A
解析：考查used t的疑问形式。借助Did时，used要还原为use，故选A。
12.Great changes ______ in ur city ver the last ten years.
A. have taken place B. tk place C. have been taken place D. were taken place
答案：A
解析：ver the last ten years是现在完成时标志词，take place无被动语态，故选A。
13.He is used t ______ early and taking a walk in the park.
A. getting up B. get up C. gt up D. gets up
答案：A
解析：be used t ding表示"习惯于做某事"，t是介词，后接ding，故选A。
The new library ______ last Friday. I ______ there twice.
A. pened; have been B. has pened; went
C. pened; have gne D. has pened; have been
答案：A
解析：last Friday是过去时间，用一般过去时pened；twice表示去过两次，用have been t，故选A。
15.I ______ this bk fr tw weeks. I ______ it in a bkstre.
A. have had; bught B. have bught; bught C. had; have bught D. bught; have bught
答案：A
解析：fr tw weeks是现在完成时标志词，buy是短暂性动词需换延续性动词have had；in a bkstre是过去时间，用bught。
16.— Where is yur brther? — He ______ the supermarket.
A. has gne t B. has been t C. went t D. ges t
答案：A
解析：has gne t表示去了还没回来，符合"Where is yur brther?"的语境。
17.There ______ n shps here in the past. Nw there ______ a big shpping street.
A. used t be; is B. used t be; has C. were; has been D. are; is
答案：A
解析：in the past提示用used t be表示过去的状态；nw there is是存在句型。
18.I haven't seen her ______ she mved t Shanghai.
A. since B. fr C. befre D. after
答案：A
解析：since引导过去的时间点/从句，与现在完成时连用。
19.The new highway ______ in 2018, which greatly imprved the transprt.
A. built B. was built C. has been built D. is built
答案：B
解析：in 2018是过去时间，highway与build之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。
20.— Have yu ever ______ t Beijing? — Yes, I ______ there twice.
A. been; have been B. gne; have gne C. been; went D. gne; was
答案：A
解析：Have yu ever been t表示"去过"；twice用have been t表示去过几次。
⑥ 点拨培优
A. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
21. My hmetwn _______________ (change) a lt in the last five years.
答案：has changed
解析：in the last five years是现在完成时标志词，主语是单数，用has changed。
22.We _______________ (use t) ride bikes t schl, but nw we take the bus.
答案：used t
解析：used t d表示过去常常做，后接动词原形ride。
23.The new schl _______________ (pen) last September.
答案：pened
解析：last September是过去时间，用一般过去时pened。
24.I _______________ never _______________ (travel) abrad, but I want t g next year.
答案：have; travelled
解析：never常与现在完成时连用，主语I用have travelled。
25.He is used t _______________ (get) up early every mrning.
答案：getting
解析：be used t ding表示"习惯于做"，t是介词，后接动名词getting。
26.The railway _______________ (cut) the travel time since it pened.
答案：has cut
解析：since引导从句，主句用现在完成时has cut。
27.Great changes _______________ (take place) in the village ver the years.
答案：have taken place
解析：ver the years是现在完成时标志词，take place无被动语态。
28.She _______________ (live) in this city fr ten years since she mved here.
答案：has lived
解析：fr ten years是现在完成时标志词，用has lived。
B. 句型转换
29. He used t play basketball after schl.（改为一般疑问句）
______ he ______ ______ basketball after schl?
答案：Did; use t play
解析：used t的疑问句借助did，used还原为use。
The new bridge was built in 2020.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ the new bridge ______?
答案：When was; built
解析：对时间提问用when，被动语态was built保持不变。
I have lived here since 2018.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ have yu lived here?
答案：Hw lng
解析：对时间段提问用hw lng。
She has gne t the library. She will be back sn.（合并为一句）
She ______ ______ ______ the library and will be back sn.
答案：has gne t
解析：has gne t表示去了还没回来，符合will be back sn的语境。
They have been married fr five years.（改为同义句）
They ______ ______ five years ______ they gt married.
答案：have been; since
解析：fr+时间段=since+时间点，five years ag转为since从句。
The ld man used t smke a lt.（改为否定句）
The ld man ______ ______ ______ ______ a lt.
答案：didn't use t smke / used nt t smke
解析：used t的否定借助did，used还原为use；也可直接用used nt t。
I bught this bk tw weeks ag.（改为同义句，用fr改写）
I ______ ______ this bk ______ tw weeks.
答案：have had; fr
解析：buy是短暂性动词，需换延续性动词have had；fr+时间段。
He has already finished his hmewrk.（改为否定句）
He ______ finished his hmewrk ______.
答案：hasn't; yet
解析：already在否定句中变为yet，位于句末。
⑦ 高分冲刺
A. 完形填空
China's high-speed railway netwrk has grwn (1)______ ver the past tw decades. In 2008, the cuntry pened its first high-speed line between Beijing and Tianjin. Since then, the netwrk (2)______ rapidly, cnnecting majr cities acrss the natin.
One f the mst imprtant prjects is the Mmbasa-Nairbi Standard Gauge Railway in Kenya, (3)______ was built with China's help and pened in 2017. Befre the railway, (4)______ frm Mmbasa t Nairbi tk ver ten hurs by rad. Nw, the train ride takes nly abut five hurs, (5)______ the travel time by half. The railway has als made the (6)______ f gds much easier and cheaper.
In China itself, high-speed trains have changed peple's daily lives. Passengers used t (7)______ lng hurs n slw trains. Tday, they can travel between cities in a fractin f the time. The trains are cmfrtable and (8)______, and ticket prices are affrdable fr mst peple.
Hwever, building these railways is nt withut challenges. Sme peple wrry abut the (9)______ impact n lcal cmmunities and the envirnment. Despite these cncerns, the Chinese gvernment cntinues t (10)______ in railway develpment, believing that better transprt will bring mre pprtunities fr everyne.
( ) 1. A. rapidly B. slwly C. quietly D. secretly
( ) 2. A. grew B. has grwn C. is grwing D. was grwing
( ) 3. A. that B. what C. which D. where
( ) 4. A. travelling B. travel C. travelled D. t travelling
( ) 5. A. cutting B. t cut C. cut D. cutted
( ) 6. A. transprt B. prduct C. attractin D. envirnment
( ) 7. A. spend B. spending C. spent D. have spent
( ) 8. A. freezing B. cnvenient C. sandy D. narrw
( ) 9. A. freezing B. cnvenient C. envirnmental D. wide
( ) 10.A. attract B. invest C. imprve D. transprt
【答案与解析】
(1) A rapidly修饰动词grwn，表示"迅速地"，符合高铁网络快速发展的语境。
(2) B Since then是现在完成时标志词，主语netwrk是单数，用has grwn。
(3) C which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的railway。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
(4) A travelling作动名词作主语，表示"从蒙巴萨到内罗毕的旅行"。
(5) A cutting the travel time by half是现在分词作伴随状语，表示主语动作带来的结果。
(6) A transprt f gds表示"货物运输"，与前文语境一致。
(7) A used t后接动词原形，spend time ding sth.表示"花费时间做某事"。
(8) B cnvenient意为"方便的"，与cmfrtable并列，描述高铁的优点。
(9) C envirnmental impact表示"环境影响"，与后面的envirnment呼应。
(10) B invest in表示"投资于"，政府继续投资铁路发展。
B. 阅读理解
What makes a city "smart"? A smart city uses digital technlgy t cllect data and manage resurces mre efficiently. Arund the wrld, cities are using smart technlgy t slve traffic prblems, imprve public services, and prtect the envirnment.
In Hangzhu, the "City Brain" system uses artificial intelligence (AI) t cntrl traffic lights in real time. Befre the system was intrduced, traffic jams were a majr prblem during rush hurs. Nw, the average travel time has been cut by 15%, and traffic accidents have decreased significantly.
Smart technlgy is als transfrming public services. In sme Chinese cities, residents can pay bills, bk hspital appintments, and even reprt prblems thrugh a single app. This has greatly imprved the efficiency f city services and saved peple a lt f time.
Envirnmental prtectin is anther key area. Smart sensrs mnitr air quality acrss the city and send warnings when pllutin levels are t high. Streetlights that can adjust their brightness based n the number f peple nearby help save energy. Sme cities have even started using AI t srt waste mre effectively.
Hwever, building smart cities is nt withut challenges. Privacy cncerns have attracted public attentin, as large amunts f persnal data are cllected every day. Sme peple wrry that their infrmatin might be misused. City planners must find a balance between cnvenience and privacy prtectin.
Despite these challenges, the trend twards smarter cities seems unstppable. As technlgy cntinues t develp, ur cities will becme mre cnvenient, mre efficient, and hpefully mre peple-friendly.
( )11. What des the "City Brain" system in Hangzhu d?
A. It cllects mney frm drivers.
B. It uses AI t cntrl traffic lights.
C. It teaches peple hw t drive.
D. It builds new rads autmatically.
答案：B
解析：第二段明确提到"the City Brain system uses artificial intelligence (AI) t cntrl traffic lights in real time"。
( )12. Hw has the City Brain changed traffic in Hangzhu?
A. The number f cars has decreased.
B. All traffic jams have disappeared.
C. The average travel time has been reduced by 15%.
D. Peple n lnger drive during rush hurs.
答案：C
解析：第二段指出"the average travel time has been cut by 15%"，cut等于reduced。
( )13. What can residents d thrugh the smart city app accrding t the passage?
A. Buy huses and cars.
B. Pay bills and bk hspital appintments.
C. Cntrl traffic lights at hme.
D. Build their wn smart systems.
答案：B
解析：第三段提到"residents can pay bills, bk hspital appintments, and even reprt prblems thrugh a single app"。
( )14. What is the main cncern abut smart cities mentined in the passage?
A. The technlgy is t expensive.
B. Smart streetlights waste t much energy.
C. Persnal data might be misused.
D. Peple prefer lng queues at gvernment ffices.
答案：C
解析：第五段提到"Sme peple wrry that their infrmatin might be misused"，即隐私数据可能被滥用的担忧。
( )15. What is the best title fr this passage?
A. The Histry f Chinese Railways
B. Hw t Build a New City
C. Smart Cities: Technlgy Changing Urban Life
D. Why Peple Mve t Big Cities
答案：C
解析：全文围绕"智慧城市如何用科技改变城市生活"展开，C项最全面概括了文章主旨。
⑧ 书面表达
书面表达
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tm发来邮件，想了解你的家乡近几年的变化。请根据以下提示，给他回一封邮件，介绍你家乡的变化。
内容包括：
1. 交通方面的变化（如道路、公交等）；
2. 环境方面的变化（如绿化、空气等）；
3. 你的感受。
注意：
1. 词数80-100词；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇（可选用）：highway railway envirnment imprve as a result turist attractin
Dear Tm,
I'm glad t hear frm yu. Great changes have taken place in my hmetwn ver the last few years.
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Tm,
I'm glad t hear frm yu. Great changes have taken place in my hmetwn ver the last few years.
In the past, the rads were narrw and dirty. It used t take us ver tw hurs t travel t the city centre. Hwever, a new highway has been built, and the travel time has been cut t just half an hur. The railway statin has als been imprved, making it mre cnvenient t travel t ther cities.
The envirnment has imprved as well. The hills used t be cvered with sandy sil, but nw they are cvered with green trees and bushes. As a result, sandstrms are much less cmmn than befre.
I'm prud f the changes in my hmetwn. I believe it will becme even better in the future.
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【写作要点分析】
1. 开头：回应对方来信，点明主题——Great changes have taken place（现在完成时点题）
2. 交通变化：用used t描述过去（过去常常花费2小时）+ 现在完成时描述变化（has been built, has been cut）
3. 环境变化：用used t be描述过去（沙质土壤）+ 被动语态are cvered with描述现在 + as a result引出结果
4. 结尾：表达感受（I'm prud f...）+ 展望未来（will becme even better）