2026译林新版八年下册英语 Unit 7 Charities! 讲义

这是一份2026译林新版八年下册英语 Unit 7 Charities! 讲义，文件包含2026译林新版八年下册英语Unit7Charities讲义教师版docx、2026译林新版八年下册英语Unit7Charities讲义学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共68页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 7 Charities !单词解析Medical (形容词) 医疗的【用法讲解】 medical在句中常作定语。 Eg: She received medical treatment at the local hospital. 她在当地医院接受了医疗治疗。【常见搭配】 medical research 医学研究 Medical equipment 医疗设备 Eg: Advances in medical research have saved countless lives.医学研究的进步拯救了无数生命。The hospital lacks basic medical equipment. 这家医院缺乏基本医疗设备。【派生词】 medicine为名词，译为“药”； medically为副词，译为“医学上、医疗上”。 Eg: This medicine should be taken twice a day.这款药一天需要吃两次。This procedure is medically necessary to prevent further complications. 这一手术在医学上是必要的，以防止进一步的并发症。【即学即用】The __________ (medicine) team arrived at the disaster zone within hours. 答案：medicalOrganization (名词) (= organisation) 组织【用法讲解】 organization为可数名词，其复数形式为organizations。 Eg: She works for a non - profit organization. 她在一家非营利组织工作。The organization of the event took months. 这次活动的组织工作花了数月时间。【常见搭配】 in organization 在组织中、正在组织 Organization of information 信息的整理 Eg: She is deeply involved in the organization of the conference. 她深度参与了会议的组织工作。The organization of information in the report is very clear. 报告中信息的整理非常清晰。【派生词】 organize为动词，译为“组织、安排”； organized为形容词，译为“有组织的、有序的”。 Eg: The committee will organize a fundraiser next month to support the local hospital. 委员会下个月将组织一场筹款活动，支持当地医院。 She is an organized person who always keeps her workspace tidy. 她是个有条理的人，总是让他的工作场合整洁有序。【即学即用】This __________ (组织) focuses on environmental protection. 答案：organizationLip (名词) 嘴唇【用法讲解】 lip为可数名词，其复数形式为lips，还可译为“（容器）边缘”。 Eg: She bit her lip nervously. 她紧张地咬着嘴唇。Look at the lip of the cup. 看杯子的边缘。【常见搭配】 thin/ full lips 薄唇/丰满的嘴唇 On everyone’s lips 广为流传 Eg: She has naturally full lips. 她天生嘴唇丰满。The scandal was on everyone’s lips. 这个丑闻人尽皆知。【派生词】 lipstick为名词，译为“口红”。 Eg: She applied a bright red lipstick before the party. 她在派对前涂了一支鲜红色的口红。【即学即用】Rosa chewed on her ________ (嘴唇) and stared at the floor. 答案：lipInterviewer (名词) 采访者【用法讲解】 interviewer为可数名词，其复数形式为interviewers。 Eg: The interviewer was impressed by her confidence.面试官对她的自信印象深刻。The interviewer prepared a list of questions for the celebrity. 采访者为这位名人准备了一系列问题。【派生词】 interview为动词，译为“采访”； interviewee为名词，译为“受访者、被面试者”。 Eg: I have an important job interview tomorrow. 我明天有一个重要的工作面试。The interviewee felt nervous but answered the questions confidently. 被面试者感到紧张但自信地回答了问题。【即学即用】The __________ (面试官) asked me about my previous work experience. 答案：interviewerBillion (名词) 十亿【用法讲解】 billion前接数字时，不可加s，表示“...十亿”；billion后面可接of，此时必须加s，译为“数十亿的”；复数形式还可译为“极大量、无数”。 Eg: The project cost over 2 billion dollars. 该项目耗资超过20亿美元。【常见搭配】 billions of 数十亿的 Eg: There are billions of stars in the galaxy. 银河系中有数十亿颗星星。【派生词】 billionaire为名词，译为“亿万富翁”。 Eg: Elon Musk became a billionaire through his innovations in technology. 埃隆.马斯克通过科技创新成为亿万富翁。【即学即用】( )1. The company earned a profit of five ________ dollars last year.billions B. billion of C. billion D. billions of答案：CCure (动词) 治好（疾病）、治愈；(名词) 药物、疗法【用法讲解】 cure为可数名词，其复数形式为cures。 Eg: The doctor prescribed a new cure for my headache. 医生给我开了一种治疗头痛的新药。 The doctor claimed to be able to cure any disease. 这位医生声称能治愈任何疾病。【常见搭配】 medical cure 医疗疗法 Offer a cure 提供疗法 Cure for ... ...的疗法 Cure of... 治愈... Eg: The doctor recommended a new medical cure for his illness. 医生为他推荐了一种新的医疗疗法。This new drug offers a cure for some types of headaches. 这种新药为某些类型的头痛提供了治疗方法。Is there a cure for this infectious disease? 有治疗这种传染病的疗法吗？The doctor claimed to have a cure of his chronic pain. 医生声称有治愈他慢性疼痛的方法。【即学即用】The doctor said that with proper treatment, he could c_______ the patient’s skin condition. 答案：cureTreatment (名词) 治疗【用法讲解】 treatment为可数名词，其复数形式为treatments，还可译为“处理、对待”。 Eg: The new treatment for cancer shows promising results. 这种新型癌症疗法效果显著。The treatment of wastewater is crucial for the environment. 废水处理对环境至关重要。【常见搭配】 medical treatment 医疗治疗 Treatment plan 治疗方案 Eg: Access to proper medical treatment is a basic right. 获得适当的医疗是基本权利。The doctor discussed the treatment plan with the patient. 医生与患者讨论了治疗方案。【派生词】 treat为动词，译为“治疗、对待”。 Eg: The veterinarian will treat the injured stray dog with antibiotics and clean its wound carefully to prevent infection. 兽医会用抗生素治疗这只受伤的流浪狗，还会仔细清理它的伤口以防感染。【即学即用】She is receiving _________ (treat) for her illness. 答案：treatmentAim (名词) 目的、目标；(动词) 力争做到、旨在【用法讲解】 aim为动词，还可译为“瞄准”；aim为可数名词。 Eg: He aimed the camera at the sunset. 他将相机对准日落。This project aims to reduce pollution. 该项目旨在减少污染。Her main aim is to become a doctor. 她的主要目标是成为一名医生。【常见搭配】 aim at sb./ sth. 瞄准某人/某物 Aim to do sth. 旨在做某事 Achieve/ meet one’s aim 实现某人的目标 Eg: The hunter aimed at the deer. 猎人瞄准了那只鹿。 We aim to finish the project by Friday. 我们旨在在周五前完成项目。 She finally achieved her aim of becoming a doctor. 她终于实现了成为医生的目标。【即学即用】该活动旨在提高人们对气候变化的意识。 This campaign _______ _______ raise awareness about climate change. 答案：aims toPatient (名词) 病人【用法讲解】 patient为可数名词，其复数形式为patients；patient还可为形容词，译为“有耐心的”。 Eg: He is very patient person, never getting angry easily. 他是个非常有耐心的人，从不轻易发脾气。The patient is recovering well after the surgery. 手术后，病人恢复得很好。【常见搭配】 be patient with sb./ sth. 对某人/某物有耐心 Eg: Please be patient with me, I’m trying to figure this out. 请对我有点耐心，我正在想办法。【派生词】 patience为名词，译为“耐心”。 Eg: I’ve lost all patience with his constant complaining. 我对他不断的抱怨已经失去了所有耐心。【即学即用】这名老师对学生很有耐心。 This teacher ______ ________ ________ students. 答案：is patient withAfford (动词) 能做、买得起【用法讲解】 afford即可表示（经济上）负担得起，也可指（时间/能力上）能够做某事，还可译为“提供、给予”，常与can/ can’t/ could/ couldn’t搭配。 Eg: I can’t afford a new phone right now. 我现在买不起新手机。She can’t afford to miss another deadline. 她不能再错过截止日期了。The window affords a beautiful view of the mountains. 这扇窗户能看到山景。【常见搭配】 can/ can’t afford sth. 买得起/买不起某物 Afford to do sth. 有能力做某事 Eg: Only a few people can afford luxury watches. 只有少数人买得起奢侈手表。She can’t afford to travel abroad this year. 她今年没钱去国外旅行。【派生词】 affordable为形容词，译为“负担得起的、价格合理的”。 Eg: The local government launched a project to build more affordable housing for low - income families. 当地政府启动了一个项目，为低收入家庭建造更多经济适用房。【即学即用】With the new salary raise, she can finally a__________ the apartment downtown that she’s been eyeing for months. 答案：affordGo to hospital 看病 Eg: He had to go to hospital after the accident. 事故后他必须去看病。【易混辨析】 go to hospital与go to the hospital区别： Go to hospital强调生病或受伤需要治疗； Go to the hospital侧重于去医院上班后看病人等。 Eg: She went to the hospital to visit her friend. 她去医院看望朋友。【即学即用】你应该立刻去医院看病。 You should ______ ______ ________ immediately. 答案：go to hospitalOn board 在飞机上（或船上、火车上）【用法讲解】 on board还可译为“加入团队/项目、设备/系统已安装或运行”。 Eg: All passengers on board must fasten seatbelts. 机上所有乘客请系好安全带。We’re glad to have on board as our new manager. 很高兴你加入我们成为新经理。The ship has advanced radar on board. 这艘船配备了先进的雷达系统。【即学即用】所有乘客必须在晚上8点前登上火车。 All passengers must be ______ ________ the train by 8:00 PM. 答案：on boardBenefit (动词) 得益于、得力于；(名词) 优势、益处、成效【用法讲解】 benefit为不可数名词时，译为“好处、益处”；benefit为可数名词时，译为“福利、津贴”，其复数形式为benefits。 Eg: I got a lot of benefit from reading. 我从阅读中获益良多。The benefits of exercise include better health. 锻炼的好处包括改善健康。Yoga benefits mental health. 瑜伽有益心理健康。【常见搭配】 bring benefits to ... 给...带来好处 Benefit from/ by... 从...中受益 Eg: Regular exercise brings many benefits to your health. 定期锻炼对健康有很多好处。Many students benefited from the free tutoring program. 许多学生从免费辅导项目中受益。【派生词】 beneficial为形容词，译为“有益的、有利的”。 Eg: Regular exercise has beneficial effects on health. 有规律的锻炼对健康有有利的影响。【即学即用】We can already see the b________ of the new policy. 答案：benefitsEye care 眼睛保健 Eg: Regular eye care includes avoiding screen fatigue.日常护眼包括避免用眼疲劳。【即学即用】定期眼部保健能预防视力问题。 Regular _______ _______ can prevent vision problems. 答案：eye careSession (名词) 一场【用法讲解】 session为可数名词，其复数形式为sessions，还可译为“会议、活动时段、课程”等。 Eg: The band played three sessions at the music festival. 乐队在音乐节上演出了三场。The conference includes a morning session and an afternoon session. 会议包含上午和下午两个时段。She attends a yoga session every weekend. 她每周末参加瑜伽课。【常见搭配】 in session 进行中 During the session 在会议期间 Eg: Parliament is in session until December. 议会会期持续到12月。Key decisions were made during the session. 关键决策在会议期间作出。【即学即用】This cinema offers midnight movie ________ (场次) in Shanghai and New York. 答案：sessionsOperate (动词) 动手术【用法讲解】 operate作动词还可译为“操作、管理、经营”等。 Eg: He operates to remove tumors from patients’ brains.他通过手术来切除病人脑部的肿瘤。The technician operates the equipment skillfully. 技术员熟练操作设备。The company operates in 20 countries. 该公司在20个国家开展业务。【常见搭配】 Operate on （给...）做手术 Operate under pressure 在压力下运作 Eg: The surgeon will operate on his knee tomorrow.外科医生明天将给他的膝盖做手术。The team operates well under pressure. 团队在压力下运作良好。【派生词】 operation为名词，译为“操作、手术”； operator为名词，译为“操作员、运营商”。 Eg: The factory stopped operation for maintenance yesterday. 该工厂昨天暂停运营进行维护。She underwent a successful heat operation last month. 她上个月接受了成功的心脏手术。The machine operator must wear safety goggles at all times. 机器操作员必须始终佩戴护目镜。【即学即用】这个医生给病人做手术已经6个小时。 The doctor ________ _______ the patient for six hours. 答案：operated onTreat (动词) 医治、把...视为【用法讲解】 treat还可为名词，译为“乐事、款待”等。Eg: The book treats the topic of history in a unique way. 这本书以独特的方式探讨历史这个主题。This is my treat. 这次我请客。It’s a great treat to listen to music after a hard day’s work. 辛苦工作一天后听音乐是一件非常惬意的事。【常见搭配】 treat sb./ sth. like ... 把某人/某物当作...看 Treat sb. for sth. 为某人治疗... Treat sb. to sth. 款待某人某物 Eg: Don’t treat me as a child. 不要把我当作小孩子看待。The doctor treated the patient for an infection. 医生为患者治疗感染。He treated us to a big meal. 他请我们吃了一顿大餐。【派生词】 treatment为名词，译为“治疗”； treatable为形容词，译为“可治疗的”。 Eg: I am having treatment for my back problem. 我正在接受背部疾患的治疗。Depression is treatable. 抑郁症是可以治疗的。【即学即用】The doctor is t____________ him for pneumonia. 答案：treatingCarry on (with) 继续做 Eg: Despite the noise, she carried on with her work.尽管有噪音，她仍继续工作。【即学即用】他若无其事地继续讲故事。 He _______ ______ _______ his story as if nothing happened. 答案：carries on withInterview (名词) 采访、访谈、面试【用法讲解】 interview为可数名词，其复数形式为interviews；interview还可为动词，译为“采访、对（某人）进行面试”。 Eg: I have an important job interview tomorrow. 我明天有一个重要的工作面试。The press interview with the president was broadcast live on TV. 总统的新闻采访在电视上进行了直播。The HR manager is interviewing the applicants in the conference room. 人力资源经理正在会议室面试应聘者。【常见搭配】 give an interview 接受采访 Interview sb. for sth. 为某事面试某人 Interview sb. about sth. 就某事采访某人 Eg: The celebrity gave an interview to the magazine. 这位名人接受了杂志的采访。They interviewed him for the position of marketing manager. 他们为市场营销经理的职位面试了他。They reporter interviewed the athlete about his training methods. 记者就训练方法采访了这位运动员。【派生词】 interviewee为名词，译为“被面试者”； interviewer为名词，译为“面试官”。 Eg: The interviewee answered all the questions confidently. 被面试者自信地回答了所有问题。The interviewer was impressed by her experience. 面试官对她的经验印象深刻。【即学即用】The company will i________ several candidates this week. 答案：interviewGrateful (形容词) 感激的【用法讲解】 grateful在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: I am deeply grateful for your support. 我非常感谢你的支持。She gave me a grateful smile. 她向我报以感激的微笑。【常见搭配】 be grateful to sb. 感谢某人 Be grateful for sth. 因某事而感激 Eg: We are grateful to our teachers for their patience.我们感谢老师们的耐心。He was grateful for the opportunity to study abroad. 他感激这次出国留学的机会。【派生词】 gratefully为副词，译为“感激地”； gratefulness为名词，译为“感激之情”。 Eg: She gratefully accepted the help from her neighbors after the storm. 暴风雨后，她感激地接受了邻居们的帮助。His heart was full of gratefulness for their kindness. 他对他们的善意充满了感激之情。【即学即用】I am ________ (gratefully) for the opportunity to collaborate with your team. 答案：gratefulDarkness (名词) 黑暗【用法讲解】 darkness为不可数名词，还可译为“阴暗、忧郁、邪恶、无知”。 Eg: The room was plunged into complete darkness. 房间陷入完全的黑暗。The novel explores the darkness of human nature. 小说探讨人性的阴暗面。The battle between light and darkness. 光明与黑暗的斗争。【常见搭配】 in the darkness 在黑暗中 Eg: She could hear footsteps in the darkness. 她在黑暗中听到了脚步声。【派生词】 dark为形容词，译为“黑暗的、深色的”； darken为动词，译为“变暗、使变暗”。 Eg: It’s too dark to read without a lamp. 太暗了看不清书，需要开灯。She prefers dark colors like navy blue. 她喜欢深色系如藏青色。 The sky began to darken as the storm approached. 随着暴风雨临近，填空开始变暗。【即学即用】His journey was one from _________ (dark) to light. 答案：darknessBlind (动词) 使失明【用法讲解】 blind还可为动词，译为“使失明、蒙蔽”；Blind还可为形容词，译为“失明的”。 Eg: The bright light blinded him temporarily. 强光暂时让他看不见。She is a blind in one eye. 她一只眼睛失明了。Love is blind. 爱是盲目的。【常见搭配】 turn a blind eye (to)... 对...视而不见 Blind rage 狂怒 The blind 盲人 Eg: The police turned a blind eye to the minor offense. 警察对轻罪视而不见。 He attacked his opponent in a blind rage. 他狂怒地袭击了他的对手。 The blind need special care. 盲人需要特殊照顾。【派生词】 blindness为名词，译为“失明、盲目”。 Eg: His blindness was caused by an accident. 他的失明是由一次事故造成的。【即学即用】She is __________ (失明的) from birth. 答案：blindAddition (名词) 增加、增加物【用法讲解】 addition为可数名词，其复数形式为additions，还可译为“加法、扩建部分”。 Eg: The addition of new features improved the app. 新增的功能提升了这款应用。 The teacher taught us simple addition in math class.老师在数学课上教我们简单的加法。We built an addition to our house last year. 去年我们给房子加建了一部分。【常见搭配】 In addition (to...) 除...之外（还） By addition 通过添加 Eg: In addition to English, she speaks French.除了英语，她还会说法语。The solution was improved by addition of a catalyst. 通过添加催化剂改进了解决方案。【派生词】 additional为形容词，译为“额外的、附加的”。 Eg: We need additional funds to complete the project.我们需要额外资金来完成该项目。【即学即用】除了工资外，员工还有奖金。________ ________ _______ the salary, employees get bonuses. 答案：In addition to Directly (副词) 直接【用法讲解】 directly还可译为“立即、马上、坦率地”。 Eg: Go directly to the manager’s office. 直接去经理办公室。The flight will depart directly after boarding. 登机后飞机将立即起飞。“Tell me directly what you think,” he said. “有话直说，”他说道。【常见搭配】 directly opposite 正对面 Eg: The bank is directly opposite the post office.银行在邮局正对面。【派生词】 direct为形容词，译为“直接的、直率的”；direct还可为动词，译为“指导、导演”。 Eg: There is no direct flight form this small city to the capital. 这座小城市没有直飞首都的航班。She was chosen to direct the school’s annual play. 她被选中指导学校的年度话剧。【即学即用】She spoke ________ (direct) to the manager. 答案：directlyTrain (动词) 培训、训练【用法讲解】 train也可作名词，译为“火车”等。 Eg: The company trains its employees regularly. 公司定期培训员工。 The train is very fast. 这列火车非常快。【常见搭配】 train hard 努力训练 Train station 火车站 Set sth. in train 开始某事、促使某事发生 Eg: We trained hard to win the match. 为了赢得比赛我们努力训练。 We met at the train station. 我们在火车站见面。 We’ve set the project in train, and we expect to see results in the coming months. 我们已经启动了这个项目，我们期望在接下来的几个月内看到结果。【派生词】 training为名词，译为“训练” Trainee为名词，译为“实习生”；trainer为名词，译为“教练”。【即学即用】She t__________ her dog to fetch the newspaper. 答案：trainedLeaflet (名词) 传单、小册子【用法讲解】 leaflet为可数名词，其复数形式为leaflets，还可译为“小叶、嫩叶”。 Eg: They handed out leaflets to promote the event. 他们分发传单宣传活动。 The plant has small leaflets arranged in pairs. 这种植物的复叶由成对的小叶组成。【即学即用】I picked up a _________ (传单) on healthy eating. 答案：leafletHand out 分发 Eg: The teacher handed out the exam papers to the students. 老师把试卷分发给学生。【知识拓展】 hand可作可数名词，其复数形式为hands，可译为“手、指针、帮助”等；hand也可作动词，译为“上交、递、给”等。 Eg: His hands is dirty. 他得手很脏。A watch has three hands -- the second hand, minute hand and hour hand.手表有三个指针-- 秒针、分针和时针。Hand it up to me, please. 请把它递上来给我。【常见搭配】 give sb. a hand 帮助某人 Hand in 上交 On the one hand... on the other hand 一方面...另一方面 By hand 手工制作 Eg: Could you give me a hand with the baggage? 你能帮我拿一下行李吗？Please hand in your homework on time. 请按时交作业。On the one hand I admire his gifts, but on the other hand I distrust his judgement. 一方面我羡慕他的才华，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。The fabric was painted by hand. 这个织品是手工染制的。【即学即用】志愿者正在向无家可归的人分发食物。 Volunteers are handing out food to the homeless. 答案：handing outChampion (名词) 捍卫者、声援者、拥护者、冠军【常见搭配】 champion为可数名词，其复数形式为champions；champion还可为动词，译为“支持、捍卫”。 Eg: She became the world chess champion at age 20. 她20岁时成为国际象棋世界冠军。This lawyer is a champion for the poor. 这位律师是穷人的捍卫者。The organization champions environmental protection. 该组织致力于环境保护。【即学即用】He is a two - time Olympic __________ (冠军). 答案：championRight (名词) 权利【用法讲解】 right作名词，还可译为“右边”；right为副词，译为“立刻、正确地”；right还可作形容词，译为“正确的、合适的、右边的”。 Eg: The right to vote is important. 投票权很重要。She sits on the right of Lily. 她坐在丽丽的右侧。 He spoke right to the point. 他直接说到点子上了。He answered the question right. 他正确的回答了问题。You are right. 你是对的。She is the right person for the job. 她是做这项工作的合适人选。The right side of the road 马路的右侧【常见搭配】 right away 立刻、马上 Right now 现在 Human rights 人权 Eg: We need to leave right away. 我们需要马上离开。Can you come right now? 你现在能来吗？Everyone deserves basic human rights. 每个人都应享有基本人权。【即学即用】Every citizen has the ________ (权利) to vote. 答案：rightProgress (名词) 进步、进展【用法讲解】 progress为不可数名词；progress还可为动词，译为“前进、进步、推移、流逝”等。 Eg: Her progress in learning the violin has been remarkable. 她在学习小提琴方面取得了显著的进步。The research team is progressing towards a vaccine breakthrough. 研究团队正在向疫苗突破方面取得进步。【常见搭配】 in progress 在进行中、尚未完工 Make progress (in...) (在...方面)取得进步 Eg: The renovation work is currently in progress. 翻新工作目前正在进行中。Students who practice daily make remarkable progress in language acquisition. 每天练习的学生在语言习得方面取得了显著的进步。【即学即用】只有这样你才能在英语学习上取得进步。 Only in this way can you _______ _________ in your English. 答案：make progressVirus (名词) 病毒【用法讲解】 virus为可数名词，其复数形式为viruses。 Eg: The virus spreads through droplets.这种病毒通过飞沫传播。【常见搭配】 flu spread 流感 Contract a virus 感染病毒 Virus transmission 病毒传播 Eg: The flu virus spreads quickly in winter. 流感病毒在冬季传播很快。She contracted a rare virus while traveling. 她在旅行时感染了一种罕见病毒。Handwashing reduces virus transmission. 洗手能减少病毒传播。【即学即用】My computer crashed because of a ________ (病毒). 答案：virusMiss out on 错失机会 Eg: Don’t miss out on this limited - time offer!别错过这个限时优惠！【知识拓展】 miss为动词，译为“想念、错过、缺失”；miss也可作名词，译为“小姐”，此时首字母需大写。Eg: I miss my old bike. 我怀念我的旧自行车。 She missed the school bus because she got up late. 她错过了校车因为起晚了。 The book is missing a few pages. 这本书少了几页。 She is Miss Wang. 她是王小姐。【常见搭配】 miss doing sth. 错过做某事 Miss out (on) 错过、遗漏、未能得到 Eg: We missed visiting the town. 我们错过了参观城镇。I missed out on the concert because I was sick. 我错过了音乐会因为我生病了。【派生词】 missing为形容词，译为“丢失的”。 Eg: They still hoped to find their missing son. 他们仍然希望找到他们丢失的儿子。【即学即用】She has a ___________ (miss) tooth that needs to be replaced.我错过了最后一班火车，所以只好打车回家。 I _______ _______ _______ the last train, so I had to take a taxi home. 答案：1. missing 2. missed out onWar (名词) 战争、斗争【用法讲解】 war为可数名词，其复数形式为wars；war还可为动词，译为“作战、斗争”。 Eg: The country declared war on its neighbour.该国向邻国宣战。They are still fighting a war against poverty. 他们仍在与贫困左都镇。The tribes warred against each other for resources. 部落为资源互相斗争。【常见搭配】 at war (with) 与...交战中 War zone 战区 Eg: The two nations have been at war for decades. 这两个国家已交战数十年。Civilians fled the war zone. 平民逃离了战区。【派生词】 warrior为名词，译为“战士”。 Eg: The ancient warriors fought bravely for their kingdom. 古代的战士们为他们的王国英勇战斗。【即学即用】The government waged ________ (斗争) on corruption. 答案：warInfluential (形容词) 有影响力的【用法讲解】 influential在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: She was one of the most influential writers of her time. 她是当时最具影响力的作家之一。This report was influential in changing government policy. 这份报告改变政府政策产生了影响。【常见搭配】 be influential in doing sth. 对作某事有影响 Eg: His research was influential in shaping new policies. 他的研究对制定新政策产生了影响。【派生词】 influence为名词，译为“影响”。 Eg: Her positive attitude has a great influence on the team. 她的积极态度对整个团队有很大影响。【即学即用】She is a highly ____________ (influence) scientist in her field. 答案：influential课文解析It was founded in 1982. 它成立于1982年。【用法讲解】 found译为“创建、建立”时，其过去式为founded，过去分词为founded；found还是动词find（找到）的过去式及过去分词形式。 Eg: They plan to found a new club next month. 他们计划下个月创办一个新俱乐部。I found my keys under the sofa yesterday. 我昨天在沙发上找到了我的钥匙。She has found the answer to the question. 她已经找到了这个问题的答案。【常见搭配】 be founded on/ upon 以...为基础或根据 Eg: Their friendship was founded on mutual trust. 他们的友谊建立在相互信任之上。【派生词】 founder为名词，译为“创始人”。 Eg: He is the founder of International Sports Management Limited. 他是国际体育管理有限公司的创始人。【即学即用】( )1. He _______ a charity to help homeless people.founded B. found C. find D. finds答案：A Millions of children were born with lip problems. 数百万儿童生来就有唇裂问题。【用法讲解】 born为形容词，译为“天生的”；born是动词bear的过去分词形式，译为“出生”。 Eg: She’s a born leader who inspires others. 她是个能激励他人的天生领袖。【常见搭配】 be born in + 年份/月份/地点 Be born on + 具体日期 Be born at + 具体时间 Be born + to/ into + 家庭/ 身份 表达家庭背景或身份 Be born with ... 天生具有 Be born to do sth. 天生适合做某事 Be born of ... 源于... Eg: She was born in 1995. 她出生于1995年。She was born in Beijing. 她出生于北京。She was born on May 1st. 她出生于五月一日。She was born at 3 am. 她凌晨3点出生。He was born into a wealthy family. 她出身富裕家庭。He was born with a talent for music. 他天生具有音乐天赋。 She was born to be a leader. 她天生是当领导的料。The project was born of necessity. 这个项目源于需求。【即学即用】有些人天生具有音乐天赋。 Some people _______ _______ ______ musical talent. 答案：was born withIt’s difficult for them to breathe, eat and speak. 他们呼吸、进食和说话都很困难。【用法讲解】 breathe为动词，译为“呼吸”。 Eg: She forgot to breathe while she was singing. 她在唱歌时忘记了呼吸。【常见搭配】 breathe a sigh of relief 送了一口气 Eg: After finishing the exam, the students all breathed a sigh of relief. 考试之后，所有的学生都松了一口气。【派生词】 其名词形式为breath，译为“呼出的气、吸入的气”。【常见搭配】 Hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 Short of breath 喘不上气来 Out of breath 气喘吁吁地 Take a deep breath 深吸一口气 Eg: His breath smelled of garlic. 她呼吸中有大蒜味。Hold your breath and count to ten. 屏住呼吸，数到十。I am shout of breath when going upstairs. 我们上楼梯会觉得喘不过气来。We were out of breath after only five minutes. 我们五分钟后便气喘吁吁了。Take a deep breath and see how long you can stay underwater. 深吸一口气，看你能在水里待多久。【即学即用】( )1. When we _________ (breath), the air goes into our lungs.2. 她到达山顶时，已经气喘吁吁了。 She was _______ ______ ________ when she reached the top of the mountain. 答案：1. breathe 2. out of breathThanks to Operation Smile, every year, lots of children are helped and given a new life. 多亏了“微笑行动”，每年都有许多儿童得到帮助，获得新生。【用法讲解】 thanks to译为“多亏、由于”，后常接名词、代词或动名词。 Eg: Thanks to your help, I finished the project on time. 多亏了你的帮助，我按时完成了项目。【知识拓展】 thanks for ... 为...而感谢 Eg: Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。【易混辨析】 thanks to与because of区别 Thanks to通常带有一种积极的、感谢的意味； Because of更中性，有时可能带有负面的意味。 Eg: Thanks to your advice, I avoided a big mistake. 对亏你的建议，我避免了打错。 Because of the bad weather, we had to cancel our plans. 由于天气不好，我们不得不取消计划。【即学即用】多亏了她的努力工作，她得到晋升。 _______ _______ her hard work, she got the promotion. 答案： Thanks to And about 90 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured. 其中90%的病例是可以预防和治愈的。【用法讲解】 case为名词，译为“情况、案例、箱子”等；case还可为动词，译为“把...装入箱中”。 Eg: This is a classic case of miscommunication. 这是沟通不畅的典型案例。The police are investigating the case. 警方正在调查此案。She packed her books in a wooden case. 她把书装进木箱里。【常见搭配】 in case 以防、万一 In any case 无论如何 In no case 绝不 Eg: Take an umbrella in case it rains.带把伞以防下雨。In any case, we must finish the project by Friday. 无论如何，我们必须周五前完成项目。In no case should you ignore safely rules. 你绝不能忽视安全规则。【即学即用】我会买些零食，以防客人来了。 I’ll buy some snacks _______ ________ guests come. 答案：in caseIs there anything else you’d like to say to our readers? 您还有什么想对我们的读者说的吗？【用法详解】 else可为形容词或副词，译为“其它的、其他的”；在句中可修饰疑问代词或不定代词，此时需位于疑问代词或不定代词之后。 Eg: Who else can you see? 你还能看见别的人吗？ Is there anything else in your bag? 你的包里还有别的东西吗？【易混辨析】 other与else区别 else可为形容词或副词，在句中可修饰疑问代词或不定代词，此时需位于疑问代词或不定代词之后。 Other可为形容词，用于修饰名词或代词，位于所修饰词之前。 Eg: Nobody else in my school comes from America. 我们学校没有其他人来自美国。Do you have any other questions? 你还有别的问题吗？【即学即用】( )1. I think you must be mixing me up with _______.someone other B. other someone C. someone else D. else someone答案：CModern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured. 现代医学正在迅速发展，现在大多数眼部问题和疾病都可以得到治疗甚至治愈。【用法讲解】 develop作动词，译为“培养、养成、开发、发展”。 Eg: The company is developing a new product. 公司正在开发一种新产品。She developed a love for painting when she was a child. 她小时候就养成了画画的爱好。The situation is developing rapidly. 形势正在迅速发展。【常见搭配】 develop into ... 发展成、演变成 Develop from ... 由...发展而来 Develop a habit/ interest/ skill 养成一种习惯/兴趣/技能 Eg: The small town has developed into a bustling city. 这个小镇已经发展成为一个繁忙的城市。 Modern technology has developed from early inventions. 现代技术是从早期的发明中发展起来的。 He developed a habit of reading every day. 他养成了每个阅读的习惯。【派生词】 development为名词，译为“发展、培养”； developing为形容词，译为“发展中的”； developed为形容词，译为“发达的”。 Eg: Education is central to a country’s economic development. 教育是国家经济发展的核心。China is still a developing country in every sense of this term. 中国是实实在在的发张中国家。America is a developed country. 美国是一个发达国家。【即学即用】China is a _________ country, but now with its __________ more people think it may become a ________ one soon (develop) . 答案：1. developing; development; developedAnd this has brought light and colour to my life. 这为我的生活带来了光明和色彩。【用法讲解】 light在此处可数名词，译为“灯”；light也可为不可数名词，译为“光线”； Light也可作为形容词，译为“轻的、浅色的、少量的、微弱的”； Light也可为动词，译为“点燃”。 Eg: The box isn’t heavy, it’s light. 这个箱子不重，很轻。I like light yellow best. 我最喜欢浅黄色。There was a light rain falling. 外面下着小雨。Turn off the lights when you leave. 当你离开时把灯关了。The light came into the room. 光线照进这个屋子。Let’s light the new candle. 让我们点燃新蜡烛吧。【常见搭配】 in the light of... 鉴于、根据 Light up 照亮...、变得明亮、（脸上或眼中）流露出喜悦 Eg: In the light of his remarks, we rejected her offer. 鉴于他的评语，我们拒绝了她的提议。 The fireworks lit up the night sky. 烟花照亮了夜空。【即学即用】_______ (light) travels at around 300,000,000 metres per second. 答案：lightI can follow my dream of becoming a doctor.我可以追寻我成为一名医生的梦想。【用法讲解】 dream为名词，译为“梦想、梦”；dream也可为动词，译为“做梦、梦想”。【常见搭配】 have a dream 做梦 Dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事 Dream that 从句 梦见... Eg: It’s my dream to travel around the world. 我的梦想是环游世界。I had a dream about you last night. 我昨晚梦见你了。He dreams a lot of strange things. 她梦想去欧洲旅行。She dreams of visiting Paris. 她梦想去巴黎。I dreamed that I flew like a bird. 我梦见自己像鸟一样飞翔。【即学即用】My d________ is to be a great football player. 答案：dreamBesides money, what do you think Orbis still needs?除了钱，你认为奥比斯还需要什么？【用法讲解】besides为介词，译为“除..之外”；besides还可为副词，译为“而且”，常用于句首或句尾，用逗号隔开，引出补充说明或递进观点。 Eg: Besides English, she can speak French and Spanish. 除了英语，她还会说法语和西班牙语。 He has few friends besides us. 除了我们之外，他几乎没有朋友。 Besides writing novels, she volunteers at a library. 除了写小说，她还在图书馆做志愿者。 Besides, we need to consider the cost. 此外，我们还需要考虑成本。 I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去，而且我也太累了。【易混辨析】 besides与except区别 besides表达“包含性排除”（包括被排除项）； except表达“排他性排除”（不包括被排除项）。 Eg: Besides tea, I also drink coffee. 除了茶，我还喝咖啡。（包括tea在内） I drink everything except tea. 我除了茶什么都喝。（排除tea）【即学即用】( )1. They have nothing _______ their dreams of success.beside B. except C. besides D. but答案： CThey also make great efforts to make sure families are provided with clean water and hungry children are fed. 它们还努力确保为家庭提供情节用水，确保饥饿的儿童得到喂养。【用法讲解】 effort为可数名词，其复数形式为efforts，译为“努力、艰难的尝试”。 Eg: The team’s efforts resulted in a successful project. 团队的努力促成了一个成功的项目。Despite his efforts, he failed the exam. 尽管努力了，他考试还是挂了。【常见搭配】 make an effort 努力、尽力 Make every effort 尽一切努力 Spare no effort 不遗余力 In an effort to... 为了、试图 Eg: You should make an effort to be more polite. 你应该尽量更有礼貌。 She made every effort to finish the project on time. 她竭尽全力按时完成项目。The company spared no effort to promote the new product. 公司不遗余力地推广新产品。She studied hard in an effort to get good grades. 她努力学习以取得好成绩。【派生词】 effortless为形容词，译为“不费力的、容易的”. Eg: He made playing the guitar look effortless. 他弹起吉他来显得轻松自如。【即学即用】我们必须尽一切努力保护环境。 We must _______ ______ ______ to protect the environment. 答案：make every effortThey even have difficulty getting necessary things. 他们甚至难以获得生活必需品。【用法讲解】 difficulty为可数名词，译为“困难”，其复数形式为difficulties；difficult也可为不可数名词，表示抽象的困难或艰难。 Eg: I met a lot of difficulties. 我遇到了许多困难。 There is no difficulty in doing this task. 做这项任务没有困难。【常见搭配】 It is difficult (for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事很难 Have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难 Eg: It is difficult for me to finish the work on time. 对我来说按时完成工作很难。She had difficulty understanding the complex math problem. 她理解这个复杂的数学问题有困难。【派生词】difficult为形容词，译为“困难的、难以相处的”。 Eg: The exam was pretty difficult. 这场考试相当难。【即学即用】We found the house without _________ (difficult). 答案：difficultyIt is one of the oldest and most influential charities in China. 它是中国最古老、最有影响力的慈善机构之一。【用法讲解】 “one of ”译为“其中之一”，作主语时谓语动词常用常用单数形式。 Eg: One of my friends is a doctor. 我的一个朋友是医生。【常见搭配】 one of + 复数名词 ...中的一个 One of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数 最...之一 Eg: Ben is one of the top students. 本是最优秀的学生之一。 China is one of the largest countries in the world. 中国是世界最大的国家之一。 【即学即用】One of the students _______ (have) failed the exam. 答案：hasShe used to work on the farm all day.她过去整天在农场干活。【用法讲解】 Use为动词译为“使用”。【常见搭配】 it’s useful to do sth. 做某事是有用的。use sth. to do sth. “用某物做某事” Make good use of ... 充分利用... Be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 Used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事Eg: It's useful to learn English well. 学好英语是有用的。I use a pen to write this letter. “我用钢笔写这封信。” We must make good use of our free time. 我们必须好好利用我们的空闲时间。 Cotton is used to make cloth. 棉花被用来织布。 The old man used to live in the country, but now he is used to living in the city. 这位老人过去常常住在乡下，但是现在他习惯住在城市。【派生词】 useful为形容词，译为“有用的”； useless为形容词，译为“无用的”。 Eg: This book is useful. 这本书很有用。【即学即用】You can use this knife ________ (cut) the bread.( )2. My father ________ smoke a lot, but now he doesn’t.used to B. is used to C. gets used to D. used 答案：1. to cut 2. AAlina says that she wants to become a teacher in the future. 阿林娜说，她将来想成为一名教师。【用法讲解】 future还可为不可数名词，译为“未来”。 Eg: They discussed future plans for the company. 他们讨论了公司的未来计划。I’m really excited about the future. 我对未来充满期待。【常见搭配】 in future 在未来（从现在开始的时间段） In the future 在未来（泛指未来的任何时间段，指近期或长期） Eg: Please be more careful in future. 今后请更加小心。We can’t predict what will happen in the future. 我们无法预测未来会发生什么。【即学即用】The f_______ is full of possibilities. 答案：future语法解析被动语态（一）定义* 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系。* 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。* 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；* 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成 1. 一般现在时： 主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词 Eg: The room is cleaned every day. 房间每天被打扫。2. 一般过去时： 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词Eg: The room was cleaned yesterday. 昨天房子被打扫。（三）主动语态和被动语态的转换 * 大多数“主语--谓语--宾语”的主动句都可以转换为被动句，方法如下： 主动语态： They planted a tree. 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态： A tree was planted （by them）. * 注意：1.当主动语态变为被动语态时，如果需要强调施动者，便可将原句的主语（即施动者）置于by短语中表示出来。Eg:They invited me to the party. -- I was invited to the party by them. 他们邀请我去派对。2. 当主动句是“主语--谓语--宾语--宾语”结构时，有两种变化方式：Eg: My father gave me a book. -- I was gave a book by my father. A book was gave me by my father. 我爸爸给我一本书。* 注意：不能用被动语态的几种形式1. open, write, read, sell, wash等词作为不及物动词时，它们的主动形式表示被动之意。 Eg: This kind of book sells well. (这种书卖得很好。）当主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用被动语态。 Eg: The boy can teach himself. (这个小男孩能自学。)当主动句的谓语动词表示一种状态或是不及物动词时，不用被动语态。 Eg: The coat fits her very well. (这件衣服很合她的身。） The accident happened last night. (这个事故发生在昨晚。）写作话题：Write your article about “Charities”. 介绍联合国儿童基金会UNICEF* 提示：It was founded/ set up in...... was started in... with the aim of...In addition/ Moreover/ Besides,...It also makes great efforts to make sure...... provides... for...We are lucky to have charities like ...* 写作步骤 定文体(记叙文)、人称(第三人称)、时态(一般现在时、一般过去时)* 范文： Have you heard of UNICEF? It was set up in 1946, after World War II in Europe, with the aim of helping children and young people in difficult situations. It provides children with clean water and food. Besides, it helps children receive basic education. It wants all children to be healthy and to go to school. People can support UNICEF by donating money or working as volunteers. We are lucky to have charities like UNICEF. I think we should try our best to help all the children in need. It is meaningful work.