2026译林新版八年下册英语 Unit 8 A green world! 讲义

这是一份2026译林新版八年下册英语 Unit 8 A green world! 讲义，文件包含2026译林新版八年下册英语Unit8Agreenworld讲义教师版docx、2026译林新版八年下册英语Unit8Agreenworld讲义学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共75页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 8 A green world !单词解析Soil (名词) 土壤【用法讲解】 soil为不可数名词；soil还可为动词，译为“弄脏、污染”。 Eg: He collected soil samples for research.他采集了土壤样本用于研究。The dog soiled the carpet. 狗弄脏了地毯。Industrial waste soils the river. 工业废水污染了河流。【常见搭配】 rich/fertile soil 肥沃的土壤 Eg: Plants need rich soil to grow well. 植物需要肥沃的土壤才能生长良好。【即学即用】Farmers cultivate the _________ (土壤) to grow crops. 答案：soilChemical (形容词) 化学品的、化学的；(名词) 化学制品【用法讲解】 chemical为可数名词，其复数形式为chemicals。 Eg: Handle these chemicals with care. 小心处理这些化学品。This plant produces chemical fertilizers. 这家工厂生产化学肥料。【常见搭配】 chemical composition 化学成分 Eg: Scientists analyzed the chemical composition of the rock. 科学家分析了这块岩石的化学成分。【派生词】 chemistry为名词，译为“化学、化学反应”； chemist为名词，译为“化学家”。 Eg: She fell in love with chemistry in high school. 她在高中时爱上了化学。 The chemist discovered a new compound. 这位化学家发现了一种新化合物。【即学即用】This cleaner contains harmful ___________ (化学物质). 答案：chemicalsTruck (名词) 卡车、载重汽车【用法讲解】 truck为可数名词，其复数形式为trucks；truck还可为动词，译为“用卡车运输、驾驶卡车、以物换物”。 Eg: A big truck blocked the road, causing a traffic jam. 一辆大卡车堵住了道路，造成了交通堵塞。They trucked the coal from the mine to the power plant. 他们用卡车把煤从矿场运到发电厂。He has been trucking for over 20 years and knows all the roads well. 他开卡车已经20多年了，对所有的道路都很熟悉。In the old days, people used to truck with each other instead of using money. 在过去，人们常常互相以物换物，而不是使用货币。【常见搭配】 truck load 一卡车的量、大量 Have no truck with ... 不与...来往、不赞同 Truck with ... 与...打交道 Eg: They ordered a truck load of bricks for the construction project. 他们为这个建筑项目订购了一卡车的砖块。I have no truck with people who are dishonest. 我不与不诚实的人来往。He used to truck with the local farmers for fresh produce. 他过去常常和当地农民以物换物，换取新鲜的农产品。【派生词】 trucker为名词，译为“卡车司机”； trucking为名词，译为“卡车运输业”。 Eg: The trucker has been driving all night and is very tired. 这位卡车司机开了一整夜的车，非常疲惫。The trucking industry plays an important role in the logistics sector. 卡车运输业在物流领域起着重要作用。【即学即用】The ________ (卡车) are parked in the parking lot. 答案：trucksUnclean (形容词) 不洁净的【用法讲解】 unclean在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: This restaurant was shut down for unclean conditions. 这家餐厅因卫生不达标被关闭。In some cultures, pork is unclean. 在某些文化中，猪肉是不洁净的。【派生词】 clean为形容词，译为“干净的、整洁的”； uncleanly为副词，译为“不干净地”。 Eg: The room is very clean. 这间房非常干净。The dishes were stacked uncleanly in the sink, covered in food scraps. 盘子不干净地堆在水槽里，沾满了食物残渣。【即学即用】The villagers had no choice but to drink _________ (clean) water. 答案：uncleanFuel (名词) 燃料【用法讲解】 fuel常为不可数名词；fuel还可为动词，译为“加燃料、刺激、加剧”。 Eg: Coal was the primary fuel for industrial revolution. 煤炭是工业革命的主要燃料。The ship stopped to fuel at the port. 船在港口停靠加油。Rumors fueled public panic. 谣言加剧了公众恐慌。【常见搭配】 fossil fuel 化石燃料 Fuel the fire 火上浇油 Eg: Burning fossil fuels contributes to climate change. 燃烧化石燃料加剧气候变化。Gossiping only fuels the fire of conflict. 八卦只会让冲突升级。【即学即用】The plane ran out of f_______ and had to make an emergency landing. 答案：fuel Pour (动词) 倾倒、倒出、倾泻【用法讲解】 pour为动词，还可译为“流动、涌入、下雨”；pour还可为名词，译为“液体或物质的倾泻、大雨”。 Eg: She poured the tea into a cup. 她把茶倒进杯子里。The crowd poured out of the theater after the show. 演出结束后，人群涌出剧院。It’ s pouring outside -- take an umbrella! 外面在下大雨，带把伞！The sudden pour of lava destroyed the village. 熔岩突然倾泻而下，摧毁了村庄。We got caught in a heavy pour on the way home. 我们在回家路上遇上了倾盆大雨。【常见搭配】 pour out 倒出、倾吐、诉说 Pour over 仔细阅读 Pour down 倾注、奔流而下 Pour... into ... 把...倒入...里 Eg: She poured out her worries. 她倾诉了自己的烦恼。He poured over the documents. 他仔细阅读了文件。The rain poured down. 大雨倾盆而下。I poured water into the glass. 我把水倒进了杯子里。【即学即用】将混合物倒入平底锅。 ________ the mixture _______ the pan. 答案：Pour; intoAir conditioning (名词) 空调调节系统【用法讲解】 air conditioning常为不可数名词，但在指“多台空调设备”时为可数名词。 Eg: The office has air conditioning. 办公室装有空调。The building uses three separate air conditionings for different zones. 这栋楼为不同区域配备了三套独立的空调系统。【常见搭配】 central air conditioning 中央空调 Eg: The building is equipped with central air conditioning. 这栋楼配备了中央空调。【派生词】 air conditioned为形容词，译为“装有空调的”； Air - conditioner为名词，译为“空调设备”。 Eg: The conference room is fully air conditioned for summer comfort. 会议室装有完备的空调系统，确保夏季舒适。We installed a new energy - efficient air - conditioner in the office. 我们在办公室安装了一台新型节能空调。【即学即用】Can you turn on the ____________ (空调调节系统)? It’s too hot. 答案：air conditioningEco - friendly (形容词) 环保的【用法讲解】 eco - friendly在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: We should use eco - friendly packaging to reduce waste.我们应该使用环保包装以减少浪费。Solar energy is eco - friendly. 太阳能是环保的。【即学即用】The factory adopted ___________ (环保的) technology to cut emissions. 答案：eco - friendlySeparate (动词) （使）分开、区分【用法讲解】 separate还可为形容词，译为“单独的、分开的”。Eg: They live in separate houses. 他们住在各自的房子里。 Please separate the sheets of paper. 请把纸分开。【常见搭配】 separate from... 与...分开/分离 Separate into ... 分成... Separate out ... 把...挑选出来 Eg: The two rooms are separate from each other by a wall. 这两个房间被一堵墙隔开。The cake can be separate into six pieces. 这个蛋糕可以分成六块。Please separate out the good apples from the bad ones. 请把好的苹果和坏的苹果分开。【易混辨析】 separate与divide区别： Separate通常指原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来，其后常接from； divide通常指把整体分为若干部分，其后常接into。 Eg: Lucy is separating the red apples from the green ones. 露西正在把红苹果从绿苹果中分开。The cake is divided into four parts. 这个蛋糕被分为四部分。【即学即用】( )1. The kitchen is separate _________ the living room.from B. into C. out D. up 答案：ARecycle (动词) 回收利用【用法讲解】 recycle作动词还可译为“重新应用”；recycle还可为名词，译为“回收利用”。 Eg: We should recycle paper to save trees.我们应该回收纸张以保护树木。The city has improved its recycle program. 该市改进了回收系统。【常见搭配】 recycle waste/ materials 回收废弃物/材料 Recycle into... 回收加工成... Recycle for ... 为...而回收 Eg: The city encourages residents to recycle household waste. 该市鼓励居民回收家庭垃圾。Old tires can be recycled into rubber pavement. 旧轮胎可回收制成橡胶路面。They recycle aluminum cans for money. 他们回收铝罐以换取报酬。【派生词】 recyclable为形容词，译为“可回收的”； recycled为形容词，译为“被回收的”。 Eg: Most plastic bottles are recyclable, but check the label to be sure.大多数塑料瓶是可回收的，但最好查看标签确认。This notebook is made from recycled paper. 这个笔记本是用再生纸制成的。【即学即用】艺术家将旧轮胎改造成雕塑。 The artist _______ old tires _______ sculptures. 答案：recycles; into Level (名词) 标准、水平【用法讲解】 level为可数名词，其复数形式为levels；level还可为动词，译为“使平坦、使同等”；level还可为形容词，译为“平的、水平的、登高的”；level还可为副词，译为“平地地、同等地”。 Eg: The noise level in the classroom is too high. 教室里的噪音水平太高了。The workers are leveling the ground. 工人们正在平整地面。The table is level. 桌子是平的。The ball rolled level along the ground. 球沿着地面平地滚动。【常见搭配】 on the same level 在同一水平上、同等地位 Level off （使）平稳 Level with sb. 对某人讲实话、坦诚相待 Eg: They are on the same level in terms of experience. 就经验而言，他们在同一水平上。The plane leveled off after climbing a certain height. 飞机爬升到一定高度后趋于平稳飞行。Level with me, did you really make that mistake. 跟我说实话，你真的是犯了那个错误吗？【派生词】 leveler为名词，译为“使平等的人、校平器”； Level - headed为形容词，译为“头脑冷静的”。 Eg: The tax system acts as a leveler in society. 税收制度在社会中起到一种平衡作用。She is level - headed leader who can handle crises effectively. 她是一位冷静的领导者，能够有效地应对危机。【即学即用】The water ______ (水平线) in the lake is rising. 答案：levelSuccessfully (副词) 有成效地【用法讲解】 successfully常用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。 Eg: She successfully passed the driving test on her first attempt. 她第一次尝试就成功地通过了驾驶考试。【派生词】 success为不可数名词，译为“成功、胜利、成就”； succeed为动词，译为“成功、继任、接替、紧接着”； successful为形容词，译为“成功的”。 Eg: Their success is due in large part to their determination. 他们成功在很大程度上应归于他们的决心。 He succeeded at his new project. 他在新项目上取得成功。The vice president will succeed the president. 副总统将继任总统。Night succeeds day. 夜晚紧接着白天而来。He is a successful businessman. 他是一个成功的商人。【常见搭配】 succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 Succeed at sth. 在某种技能或学科上取得成就 Succeed to sth. 继承（地位、财产等） Succeed with sth. 在某方面获得成功 the key to success 成功的秘诀 be successful in doing sth. 成功做某事 Eg: We succeeded in repairing the engine. 我们成功地修好了发送机。He succeeded at playing the piano. 他在弹钢琴上取得了成功。She succeeded to the throne. 她继承了王位。He succeeded with his business plan. 他的商业计划获得了成功。Do you know the key to success? 你知道成功的秘诀吗？ They were successful in winning the contract. 他们成功赢得了合同。【即学即用】1. She is ____________ (success) in her career.2. She succeeded in __________ (pass) the exam.3. They ________ (success) communicate their knowledge to others. 答案：1. successful 2. passing 3. successfullyTotal (形容词) 总的【用法讲解】total也可为名词，译为“总数、合计”；total还可为动词，译为“总数、合计”。 Eg: The total cost of the project was $ 50,000.该项目的总成本是5万美元。The total of all expenses exceeded our budget. 所有费用的总和超过了我们的预算。The bill totals $75 including tax. 账单含税总计75美元。【常见搭配】 in total 总共 A total of ... 一共... Eg: There are ten books in total on the shelf. 书架上有十本书。 A total of 20 students attended the class. 共有20名学生参加了这堂课。【派生词】totally常用来修饰形容词、副词或整个句子。 Eg: I’m totally happy. 我非常开心。She totally understands me. 她完全理解我。Totally agree. 完全同意。【即学即用】He spent a _______ (整个的) of two hours on this task.总共有100位客人。 There were 100 guests ______ ________. 答案：1. total 2. in totalStrict (形容词) 严格的【用法讲解】 strict作形容词，还可译为“精确的、严谨的”，在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: Our math teacher is very strict. 我们的数学老师非常严格。We need strict measurements for this experiment. 这个实验我们需要精确的测量数据。He is a strict follower of the rules. 他是一个严格遵守规则的人。【常见搭配】 be strict with sb. 对某人严格 Be strict in sth. 对某事态度严谨 Be strict about/on sth. 在某事上严格 Eg: My mother is strict with me in my studies. 我妈妈在学习上对我很严格。She is strict in academic research. 她在学术研究方面很严谨。The company is strict about/ on punctuality. 公司对准时上班要求严格。 【即学即用】老师们应该对学生严格要求以维持纪律。 Teachers should ______ _______ _______ students to maintain discipline. 答案：be strict withControl (动词/名词) 控制【用法讲解】 control作名词时常为不可数名词。 Eg: The remote control is on the table. 遥控器在桌子上。She tried to control her anger. 她努力控制自己的愤怒。【常见搭配】 under control 在控制之下 Out of control 失控 Lose control of ... 失去对...的控制 Take control of ... 控制、接管 In control 掌权、处于控制地位 Eg: The fire was finally brought under control. 大火最终被控制住了。The truck skidded and went out of control. 卡车打滑，失去了控制。He lost control of his car and had an accident. 他失去了对汽车的控制，出了事故。The new manager took control of the company last month. 新经理上个月接管了公司。The manager is in control of the entire project timeline. 经理掌控着整个项目的时间表。【即学即用】Scientist developed new methods to c________ air pollution.军队在48小时内控制了首都。 The army _______ ______ _______ the capital within 48 hours. 答案：1. control 2. took control ofBreak (动词) 违背、（使）破损【用法讲解】 break为动词，还可译为“打断”，其过去式为broke，过去分词为broken；break还可为名词，译为“休息”，相当于rest；。 Eg: The dish fell to the floor and broken. 碟子掉到地上摔碎了。She broke her promise to me. 她违背了对我的诺言。We usually break for lunch at 12:30. 我们通常12点半休息吃午饭。 I thought a 15 min break from his work would do him good. 我想他停下工作休息15分钟对他会有好处。【常见搭配】 have a break 休息break down 出故障、分解 Break in 强行进入、打断 Break out 爆发 Break up 结束关系、解散 Eg: I must have a break. 我必须休息一下。The machine has broken down. 机器出故障了。 Someone is trying to break in. 有人试图强行进入。 A fire broke out in the building. 大楼里发生了火宅。 They decided to break up. 他们决定分手。【即学即用】学校里孩子们有课间休息。 The children ______ ______ _______ between classes at school.( )2. When the war _______, thousands fled the city.broke up B. broke down C. broke in D. broke out 答案：1. have a break 2. DPunish (动词) 惩罚【用法讲解】 punish作动词还可译为“严厉对待、折磨”。 Eg: Parents should not punish children too harshly. 父母不应过于严厉地惩罚孩子。He punished his body with intense workouts. 他用高强度训练折磨自己的身体。【常见搭配】 punish sb. for (doing) sth. 因某事惩罚某人 Punish oneself 自责 Eg: She was punished for breaking the rules. 她因违反规则受到惩罚。He punished himself for the mistake. 他为错误自责。【派生词】 punishment为名词，译为“惩罚”。 Eg: The punishment should fit the crime. 惩罚应与罪行相符。【即学即用】( )1. The team was punished ___________ the rules of the game.to violate B. to violating C. for violate D. for violating答案：DFine (动词) 对...处以罚款【用法讲解】 fine可为名词，译为“罚款”；fine可为形容词，译为“好的、精美的”；fine也可为副词，译为“细微地、精巧地”。 Eg: The police fined him $ 200. 警察罚了他200美元。 He got a fine for illegal parking.他因违章停车被罚款。 The weather is fine today.今天天气很好。 Cut the vegetables fine.把蔬菜切细。【常见搭配】 That’s fine by me. 我没问题。 Walk a fine line. 在危险边缘试探。 Feel fine 感觉良好 Eg: After resting, she felt fine again. 休息后，她再次感觉良好。【即学即用】He was f_________ $ 200 for speeding. 答案：finedResource (名词) 资源【用法讲解】 resource为可数名词，其复数形式为resources，还可译为“资料、机智”。 Eg: The company invests heavily in human resources development. 公司大量投入在人力资源的发展。The library is a great resource for students. 图书馆是学生的宝贵资源。She showed great resource in solving the crisis. 她在解决危机时展现出非凡的应变能力。 【常见搭配】 Natural resources 自然资源 Financial resources 财力 Eg: China is rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。The project was canceled due to limited financial resources. 这个项目由于有限的财力而被取消。【派生词】 resourceful为形容词，译为“足智多谋的、资源丰富的”。 Eg: She is very resourceful and always finds creative solutions to problems. 她非常足智多谋，总能找到解决问题的创新方法。【即学即用】这个国家富含像石油和矿产这类的自然资源。 The country is rich in _________ _________ like oil and minerals. 答案：natural resourcesWisely (副词) 明智地【用法讲解】 wisely在句中常位于动词前后，修饰动词。 Eg: He wisely chose to save money instead of spending it. 他明智地选择存钱而非消费。【常见搭配】 act wisely 明智行事 Eg: You’d better act wisely to avoid trouble. 你最好明智行事，避免麻烦。【派生词】 wise为形容词，译为“明智的、聪明的”； wisdom为名词，译为“智慧”。 Eg: Making wise choices is crucial for a successful life. 做出明智的选择对于成功的人生至关重要。 The old man shared his wisdom with the young villagers, teaching them how to live peacefully. 这位老人与年轻村民分享他的智慧，教他们如何和平生活。【即学即用】Tome ________ (wise) saved his pocket money for a new book. 答案： wiselyRun out 用完、耗尽【用法讲解】 run out还可译为“时间/期限到期”，后面常接of + 名词。 Eg: We ran out of milk this morning. 今早我们的牛奶喝完了。My gym membership runs out next month. 我的健身房会员下个月到期。【常见搭配】 run out on sb. 背弃/抛弃某人 Run out of steam 失去动力/筋疲力尽 Eg: He ran out on his family. 他抛弃了家人。After working for hours, I ran out of steam. 工作几小时后，我筋疲力尽。【即学即用】汽车在高速公路上没油了。 The car ______ ______ ______ petrol on the highway. 答案：ran out ofMake a difference 有作用、有影响【用法讲解】 make a difference还可译为“产生影响、带来改变”。 Eg: His leadership made the difference in the team’s success. 他的领导对团队的成功起到了决定性作用。Volunteering can really make a difference in people’s lives. 志愿服务真的可以改变人们的生活。One mistake can make a big difference in the final result. 一个错误可能会对最终结果产生很大影响。【即学即用】你的支持能对这个项目起到关键作用。 Your support can ______ ______ _________ to the project. 答案：make a differenceManagement (名词) 管理【用法讲解】 management为不可数名词；management也可为可数名词，此时译为“管理人员、管理层、处理、应对”。 Eg: Good management is key to a company’s success. 良好的管理是公司成功的关键。The management has decided to cut costs. 管理层已决定削减成本。She is skilled in conflict management. 她擅长冲突处理。【常见搭配】 business/ corporate management 企业管理 Senior/ top management 高层管理 Eg: She studied business management at Harvard. 她在哈佛学习企业管理。 The decision was made by senior management. 这个决定由高层管理决定。【派生词】 manage为动词，译为“管理”； manager为名词，译为“经理、管理者”。 Eg: She manages a team of 20 employees at the marketing company. 她在营销公司管理着一个20人的团队。The manager called a meeting to discuss the new project timeline. 经理召开会议讨论新项目的时间安排。【即学即用】Good time ___________ (manage) is key to productivity. 答案：managementPoster (名词) 海报【用法讲解】 poster为可数名词，其复数形式为posters，还可译为“张贴者、发帖人”。 Eg: She put up a poster of her favorite band on her bedroom wall. 她在卧室墙上贴了一张她最喜爱乐队的海报。He is a frequent poster in online forums. 他是网络论坛的常驻发帖人。【常见搭配】 wanted poster 通缉令 Eg: The police issued a wanted poster for the suspect. 警察发布了嫌疑人的通缉令。【即学即用】The ________ (海报)for the new movie is very eye - catching. 答案：posterPollute (动词) 污染 Eg: Factories pollute the river with toxic chemicals. 工厂用有毒化学物质污染河流。【常见搭配】 be polluted with ... 被...污染 Pollute one’s mind 腐蚀思想 Eg: The air is polluted by vehicle emissions.空气被车辆尾气污染。Violent games may pollute children’s minds. 暴力游戏可能腐蚀孩子们的思想。【派生词】 pollution为名词，译为“污染”； pollutant为名词，译为“污染物”。 Eg: Air pollution in big cities has become a serious health concern.大城市的空气污染已成为严重的健康问题。Factories must filter harmful pollutants before releasing wastewater. 工厂在排放废水前必须过滤有害污染物。【即学即用】Plastic waste p________ the ocean severely.Excessive advertising causes light ________ (pollute). 答案：1. pollutes 2. pollutionAffect (动词) 影响【用法讲解】 affect为动词，还可译为“感染、打动、假装”；affect为名词，译为“情感状态”。 Eg: The new policy will affect the economy. 新政策将影响经济。The virus affects the respiratory system. 病毒侵袭呼吸系统。The movie deeply affected me. 这部电影深深打动了我。He affected a British accent. 他假装有英国口音。The patient showed a flat affect. 患者表现处淡漠的情感状态。【常见搭配】 affect one’s mood 影响心情/情绪 Be affected by 受到...的影响 Eg: Lack of sleep can affect your mood. 睡眠不足会影响情绪。Many species are affected by habitat loss. 许多物种因栖息地丧失而受到影响。【派生词】 affective为形容词，译为“情感的、表达情绪的”。 Eg: The music evoked a strong affective response in the audience. 这首音乐在观众中引起了强烈的情感反应。【即学即用】The medicine quickly a________ the patient’s symptoms. 答案：affectedGas (名词) 气体、汽油、天然气【用法讲解】 gas为可数名词，其复数形式为gasses；gas还可为动词，译为“放出气体、排气、吹牛、加汽油”。 Eg: Hydrogen and oxygen are gases. 氢和氧是气体。The volcano is gassing continuously. 火山在持续排气。You should gas up the car before the long - distance trip. 在长途旅行前你应该给汽车加满油。Don’t gas away all the time. Get down to work. 别总是吹牛了。开始工作吧。【常见搭配】 gas station 加油站 Run out of gas 汽油用完 Eg: We need to stop at the gas station to get some gas. 我们需要在加油站停下来加些汽油。 The car ran out of gas on the way. 汽车在路上汽油用完了。【即学即用】Air is a mixture of __________ (gas). 答案：gassesSeabird (名词) 海鸟【用法讲解】 seabird为可数名词，其复数形式为seabirds。 Eg: Thousands of seabirds nest on these cliffs.成千上万的海鸟在这些悬崖上筑巢。【即学即用】The island is a nesting site for thousands of _________ (海鸟). 答案：seabirdsDesertification (名词) 沙漠化【用法讲解】 desertification为不可数名词。 Eg: Desertification threatens the livelihoods of millions. 荒漠化威胁数百万人的生计。【派生词】 desertify为动词，译为“使...沙漠化”。 Eg: Overgrazing and deforestation can desertify fertile lands with decades. 古都放牧和滥发森林会使肥沃的土地在几十年内沙漠化。【即学即用】The UN has launched programs to combat ___________ (desertify). 答案：desertificationHardly (副词) 几乎不、几乎没有【用法讲解】 hardly在句中常位于使役动词之前、助动词、情态动词之后。 Eg: I can hardly believe my eyes. 我几乎不敢相信自己的眼镜。【常见搭配】 hardly... when... 一...就... Can hardly wait to do sth. 迫不及待地想做某事 Eg: Hardly had I arrived at the station when the train left. 我刚到车站，火车就开了。I can hardly wait to see my old friends. 我迫不及待地想见到我的老朋友。【派生词】 hard形容词，译为“难的、坚固的、结实的”；也可为副词，译为“努力地、猛烈地”。Eg: It rained hard in the summer of 2021. 2021年夏天的那场雨下得很猛烈。It’s very hard to maintain a relationship. 维持一段关系是很困难的。After the earthquake, the new building is still standing there. It is very hard.地震过后，那座新的大楼依然屹立不倒，它很坚固。 Most importantly, you must work hard to catch up. 最为重要的是，你必须努力学习，迎头赶上。【常见搭配】 be hard to do sth. 做某事很难 Eg: Swimming is hard to learn for beginners. 游泳对初学者来说很难学。【即学即用】I _______ (hard) eat junk food these days. 答案：hardlySingle - use (形容词) 供一次使用的【用法讲解】 single - use在句中常作定语。 Eg: Many countries are phasing out single - use plastics. 许多国家正在逐步淘汰一次性塑料制品。【常见搭配】 single - use plastic/ products 一次性塑料/产品 Single - use mask/ gloves 一次性口罩/手套 Eg: Many countries ban single - use plastic bags.许多国家禁止使用一次性塑料袋。Medical workers require single - use gloves. 医务工作人员需要一次性手套。【即学即用】The hospital switched to ___________ (一次性的) medical equipment for safety. 答案：single - useSecond - hand (形容词) 二手的【用法讲解】 second - hand在句中常作定语。 Eg: This second - hand shop specializes in vintage furniture. 这家二手店专营复古家具。【即学即用】She bought a ___________ (二手的) laptop to save money. 答案：second - handBattery (名词) 电池【用法讲解】 Battery为可数名词，其复数形式为batteries，还可译为“殴打罪、炮兵连”。 Eg: My phone battery is running low. 我的手机块没电了。He was arrested for battery. 他因殴打罪被捕。The battery fired at the enemy positions. 炮兵连向敌军阵地开火。【常见搭配】 battery life/ power 电池续航/电量 Eg: The new model has longer battery life. 新款有更长的电池续航。【即学即用】My phone died because of a dead _________ (电池). 答案：batteryElectronic (形容词) 电子的【用法讲解】 electronic在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: This electronic gadget can measure air quality. 这款电子设备能检测空气质量。【常见搭配】 electronic music 电子音乐 Eg: She composes electronic music using synthesizers. 她用合成器编辑电子音乐。【派生词】 electronics为名词，译为“电子设备、电子学”。 Eg: He studies electronics at university and dreams of designing innovative gadgets. 他在大学学习电子学，梦想设计创新设备。【即学即用】The festival featured top e__________ music DJs. 答案：electronicElectricity (名词) 电、电能【用法讲解】 electricity为不可数名词，译为“电流”。 Eg: Electricity is essential for modern life. 电对现代生活至关重要。 They use electricity to power their homes. 他们用电给房子供电。 The house has no electricity. 这所房子没有电。【常见搭配】 supply/ provide electricity 供电 Cut off the electricity 停电 Eg: The power station supplies electricity to the town. 电站向镇上供电。 They had to cut off the electricity because of the storm. 由于暴风雨，他们不得不停电。【派生词】 electric为形容词，译为“电的”； electrical为形容词，译为“与电相关的”； electronic为形容词，译为“电子技术的”。 Eg: An electric wheelchair has given her greater mobility. 电动轮椅使她更便于移动了。The company is a world leader in electrical goods. 这家公司的电器产品在全世界首屈一指。This journal is available in paper and electronic form. 这份刊物有印刷版和电子版本。【即学即用】It's important to save ______________ (electric) and not waste it. 答案：electricity课文解析What can we do to reduce air pollution? 我们可以做什么来减少空气污染？【用法讲解】 reduce为动词，译为“减少”。 Eg: We need to reduce our expenses this month. 这个月我们需要减少开支。【常见搭配】 reduce to... 减少到... （后接目标结果） Reduce by... 减少... （后接变化量） Reduce ... to doing sth. 被迫采取某种行为 Reduce sb./ sth. to a state 使某人/某物陷入某种状态 Eg: The staff was reduced to 50 employees. 员工数量缩减至50人。Sales reduced by 15% last quarter. 上季度销售额减少了15%。The drought reduced farmers to begging. 旱灾迫使农民乞讨。The fire reduced the building to ashes. 大火将建筑物烧成灰烬。【即学即用】( )1. Reduce the number of employees _________ half of the original.to B. by C. with D. of答案：AWe can also ride a bike if we live close. 如果我们住得近我们也可以骑自行车。知识点一：【用法讲解】 ride为动词时，译为“骑、驾驶、搭乘”，其过去式为rode；ride也可作名词，译为“（乘车、骑马等的）短途旅程”。 Eg: I like to ride my bike to work every day. 我喜欢每天骑自行车上班。Can you give me a ride to the market? 你能让我搭车去市场吗？【常见搭配】 ride a bike/horse 骑车/马 Go for a ride 去兜风 Give sb. a ride 让某人搭车 Eg: Let’s go for a ride. 让我们去兜风吧。知识点二：Close为形容词，译为“密切的、亲密的”；close也可为副词，译为“靠近、接近”；close也可为动词，译为“关、关闭”。 Eg: They sat close together. 他们亲密地靠在一起。 Millie is a close friend of mine. 米勒是我的一个亲密的朋友。 Please close the door. 请关门。【常见搭配】 be close to ... 靠近...；接近... Close down 关闭 Eg: The store is close to my house. 这家商店离我家很近。The factory closed down last year. 这个工厂去年关闭了。【即学即用】我爸爸教会了我骑自行车。 My father taught me how to _______ _______ _______.( )2. My school ________ the park.close to B. is closed to C. is close to D. is close on 答案： 1. ride a bike 2. CIn fact, Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world -- it successfully recycles more than 50% of its total waste. 事实上，瑞士是世界上废弃物回收水平最高的国家之一，它有成效地回收了其总废弃物的50%以上。【用法讲解】 Waste在此处为名词，译为“废物、垃圾、浪费”等； waste也可为动词，译为“浪费、挥霍、滥用”。 Eg: Please throw the waste in the recycling bin. 请把废物扔进回收箱。I wasted my time on that project. 我在哪个项目上浪费了时间。【常见搭配】 waste time/money on sb./ sth. 在某人/某物上浪费时间/金钱 Waste time/money (in) doing sth. 浪费时间/金钱做某事 A waste of time 浪费时间 Eg: She wasted a lot of money on clothes. 她在衣服上浪费了很多钱。Tom never wastes too much time playing computer games. 汤姆从不在玩电脑游戏上浪费太多时间。It’s a waste of time talking to him. 和他谈话事浪费时间。【即学即用】They wasted a whole day _________ (try) to fix the computer. 答案：tryingThere are strict rules about how many trees people are allowed to cut down as well as laws to control air and water pollution. 关于允许人们砍多少棵树有严格的法律，对于控制空气和水污染也有法律规定。 【用法讲解】 Allow为动词，译为“允许、容许、准许”。【常见搭配】 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 Allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 Allow doing sth. 允许做某事 Allow for 考虑到、体谅 Eg: She is allowed to watch TV after school. 她放学后被允许看电视。 Please allow me to carry your bag. 请允许我替你拿包。 They allowed smoking in this room only. 他们只允许在这间屋子里吸烟。 We should allow for every possible delay. 我们考虑到任何可能的延误。【即学即用】( )1. Passengers are not allowed ________ on the plane.smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. to smoking答案：CThese new types of energy will never run out. 这些新型的能源永远不会枯竭。【用法讲解】 energy为名词，译为“能量、能源、精力”。Eg: The solar panels generate energy from sunlight. 太阳能电池板利用阳光产生能量。She devoted all her energy to caring for the sick children. 她将所有精力投入到照顾生病的孩子上。【常见搭配】 be full of energy 精力充沛 Eg: He’s always full of energy and very energetic. 他总是精力充沛，非常有活力。【派生词】 energetic为形容词，译为“精力充沛的、充满活力的”。 Eg: She has a very energetic personality. 她个性充满活力。The dance routine was fast - paced and energetic. 这段舞蹈动作节奏快且充满力量。【即学即用】篮球运动员们在球场上精力充沛。 The basketball players _____ ______ ______ ______ on the court. 答案： are full of energyApart from glass, plastic and paper, what else is recycled in Switzerland? 除了玻璃、塑料和纸，在瑞士还有哪些被回收？【用法讲解】 apart from在此处译为“除了...以外/还”；还可译为“与...分开、不同于”；apart from与否定句连用，强调唯一性，表示“只有...”。 Eg: Apart form the weather, everything was perfect.除了天气，其他一切都很完美。Apart from English, she speaks French fluently. 除了英语，她还会说法语。He lives apart from his family. 他和家人分开住。There was nothing apart from a single chair in the room. 房间里除了一把椅子什么都没有。【即学即用】除了约翰，没人知道答案。 ______ ______ John, no one knew the answer. 答案：Apart fromPeople have to separate their rubbish so it can be dealt with differently. 人们必须把垃圾分开，以便以不同的方式处理。【用法讲解】 deal作动词，可译为“分配、经营、对付”；deal还可为名词，译为“交易、协议”。 Eg: They reached a deal after long negotiations. 经过长时间的谈判，他们达成了协议。He has to deal with a lot of paperwork every day. 他每天都要处理大量的文件工作。The teacher dealt the cards to the students. 老师把牌分给了学生们。She deals in antiques. 她经营古董生意。【常见搭配】 make a deal 达成协议 A good deal 优惠、划算 Deal with 处理 = do with注意：deal with为动词短语，表示处理、应对或解决某种问题或情况，常与疑问词how连用；其同义词组为do with，deal with与疑问词what连用。 Eg: They made a deal to share the profits equally. 他们达成了一项协议，平分利润。 I got a good deal on this car. 我买这辆车很划算。 How are you going to deal with these books? = What are you going to do with these books?你打算怎么处理这些书？【即学即用】朋友给了他极大的鼓励。 Friends gave him _______ _______ ______ _______ encouragement.我不知道如何处理这辆车？ I don’t know how to _______ ______ the car. 答案： 1. a great deal of 2. deal withAnd the number of cars on the road is controlled by the local traffic rules. 道路上汽车数量由当地交通规则控制。【用法讲解】Number为名词，译为“号码、数字、数量”；number也可为动词，译为“编号、计算”。 Eg: What’s your number? 你号码是多少？Number the pages in the book. 给这本书的每一页编号。Please number the total people. 请统计一下总人数。【常见搭配】 “a number of + 可数名词复数”译为“许多...”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数； “the number of + 可数名词复数”译为“...的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Eg: A number of students in this school are from England. 这所学校许多学生来在英国。The number of students in this school is 2000. 这所学校的学生数量是2000.【即学即用】( )1. _______ sheep ______ eating grass on the hill.The number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. A number of; are 答案：D A recycling event is going to be held at our school. 我们学校将举行一次回收活动。【用法讲解】hold为动词时，还可译为“抓住、保持、支撑、举办、控制、坚持住”； Eg: He held his father’s hand. 他牵着爸爸的手。 Hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸Hold the weight 承受重量Our school will hold a competition next week. 我们学校下周将举办比赛。Hold back tears 忍住眼泪【常见搭配】 hold off 推迟、拒绝 Hold up 延迟、举起、支撑得主 Eg: Could you hold off your decision until next week? 你可以推迟到下星期再做决定吗？Those who are in favor please hold up their hands. 如果赞成，就请举手。You got to hold up my end of this deal! 你开始支撑我结束交易！【即学即用】( )1. Could you ________ your decision until next week?hold off B. hold up C. hold on D. hold to答案： A Harmful gases in the air make people ill 空气中有害气体让人生病【用法讲解】harmful为形容词，译为“有害的”。 Eg: Harmful chemicals were released into the air. 有害化学物质被释放到空气中。【常见搭配】 be harmful to do sth. 对...有害 It is harmful to do sth. 做某事是有害的 Eg: Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害。It is harmful to drink too much alcohol. 喝太多的酒有害。【派生词】harm为名词，译为“伤害”；harm也可为动词，译为“对..有害”。 Eg: Hard work never did anyone any harm. 努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。【即学即用】躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的。 Reading bed will _______ _______ _______ your eyes.Tears help to protect the eye from potentially ________ (harm) foreign bodies. 答案：1. do harm to 2. harmfulLast year, millions of pieces of plastic were found in the Atlantic Ocean. 去年，数百万块塑料在大西洋被发现。【用法讲解】 piece为可数名词，译为“碎片、小块”，也可译为“片、段、首、篇、作品”；piece也可为动词，译为“拼合、修补”。 Eg: Can I have a piece of paper? 能给我一张纸吗？His latest piece for the orchestra is stunning. 他为乐团创作的最新乐曲非常惊艳。Detectives pieced together the evidence. 侦探们拼凑出了证据。【常见搭配】 a piece of... 一条/则/块/片/段... In pieces 破碎的、零散的 A piece of cake 小菜一碟 Eg: She gave me a piece of advice about how to deal with stress. 她给了我一条关于如何应对压力的建议。The vase fell and was in pieces. 花瓶掉下来摔碎了。Passing that exam was a piece of cake for her. 对她来说，通过那场考试易如反掌。【就学即用】We can’t finish the puzzle because one ________ (块) is missing. 答案：pieceIn 1997, China joined the UNCCD, an international agreement to fight desertification.1997年，中国加入了《联合国防治荒漠化公约》，这是一项防治荒漠化的国际协议。【用法讲解】 fight为动词，译为“战斗、争斗”，其过去式为fought，过去分词为fought；fight还可为名词，译为“打仗、打架”。 Eg: The soldiers are fighting the enemy on the battlefield. 士兵们在战场上与敌人作战。 The two teams will fight for the championship next week. 这两支队伍将在下周争夺冠军。 The soldiers are in a fierce fight against the enemy. 士兵们在与敌人进行激烈的斗争。【常见搭配】 fight against ... 与...斗争、反对... Fight for ... 为...而战、争取... Fight with ... 与...并肩作战 Fight back 反击 Put up a fight 顽强抵抗、打得很好 Eg: Scientists fight against climate change. 科学家对抗气候变化。 Workers fought for better working conditions. 工人争取更好的工作条件。 The two countries fought with each other. 两国互相交战。 The victim fought back bravely. 受害者勇敢反击。 She fought back tears during the speech. 演讲时她强忍泪水。 Despite being outnumbered, the small team put up a good fight. 尽管人数上处于劣势，但这支小队还是进行了顽强的抵抗。【即学即用】( )1. They ________ the Italians in the last war.fight for B. fight with C. fight against D. fight over答案： CThe air was filled with sand. 空气中布满沙尘。【用法讲解】 fill为动词， 译为“装满、使充满、满足、任职”。 Eg: She filled the glass with water. 她往杯子里装满了水。The new product fills a gap in the market. 新产品填补了市场的空白。Jack is the best man to fill the vacancy. 杰克是填补这一空缺的最佳人选。【常见搭配】 fill out 填写表格 Fill ... with ... 用...把...填满 Be filled with... = be full of 装满了... Fill in 临时代替（某人） Fill up 占满空间 Eg: Please fill the cup with coffee. 请把杯子装满咖啡。Please fill out this form. 请填写这张表格。The box is filled with books. 这个箱子里装满了书。Can you fill in for me during the meeting? 你能在会议期间替我一下吗？The room quickly filled up with guests. 房间里很快挤满了客人。【即学即用】他将玻璃杯盛满水。 He _______ the glass _______ water. 答案：filled; withTurn off lights when leaving home. 离家时关灯。【用法讲解】 turn在此处为动词，译为“转变”，还可译为“转动、改变方向”等。 Eg: Please turn the key in the lock. 请把钥匙插到锁里转动。Turn left at the corner. 在拐角处左转。【常见搭配】 turn... into ... 把...变成... Turn ... off 关闭（常指关掉自来水、电灯及家用电器等） Turn... on 打开（常指开灯或打开家用电器等） Turn down 把声音调低、拒绝 Turn up 把声音调高、出现 Eg: The magician turned the flower into a bird. 这个魔术师把一朵花变成了一只鸟。 You must turn off the light when you go to bed. 你应当在你睡觉前关灯。I want to watch TV, can I turn it on? 我想要看电视，我能开吗？Don’t forget to turn down the volume when you leave the room. 当你离开房间时，别忘了调低音量。He has turned down the letter. 他拒绝了信。Don't worry, it will turn up. 别担心，它会出现的。I can't hear the music clearly, please turn up the radio. 我听不清音乐，请把收音机声音调高。【即学即用】请把电视关了，宝宝正在睡觉。 Please ______ ______ the TV, the baby is sleeping. 答案：turn offFirstly, let’s focus on reducing waste and pollution. 首先，让我们集中在减少浪费和污染。【用法讲解】短语“focus on”译为“集中注意力于”或“致力于”；后可接名词、代词或动名词形式。 Eg: He prefers to focus on the positive. 他更愿意关注积极的一面。【常见搭配】 Focus one’s attention/ eyes on sth. 集中注意力/目光于某事物 Eg: We should focus our attention on our lessons. 我们应该专注我们的功课。【即学即用】她把她的心思都集中在学习上。 She ________ her mind ________ her lessons. 答案：focused; onIf we all follow these simple steps, we can make a big difference and enjoy a greener world! 如果我们都按照这些简单的步骤操作，我们可以发挥很大的作用，并享受一个更绿色的世界。【用法讲解】follow作动词，译为“理解、听懂、跟随”。 Eg: She followed him out of the room. 她跟着他离开了房间。Please follow the instructions carefully. 请仔细遵循指示。I’m not following you. Could you explain that again? 我不懂你的意思。你能再解释一遍吗？【常见搭配】 follow up 跟进 Follow through 坚持到底 Follow the rules 遵守规则 Eg: He needs to follow up on that project. 他需要跟进那个项目。She decided to follow through with her plan. 她决定坚持到底实行她的计划。We must follow the school rules. 我们必须遵守学校规则。【派生词】 follower为名词，译为“跟随者”； following为形容词，译为“下列的、接下来的”。 Eg: His follower is very loyal. 他的追随者非常忠诚。The following comrades will stay. 下列同志请留下。【即学即用】每个人都必须遵守规则。 Everyone must _______ _______ _______. 答案： follow the rules 语法解析1. 一般将来时： 主语 + will be + 动词过去分词Eg: The room will be cleaned tomorrow. 明天房子被打扫。2. 现在进行时： 主语 + am/is/are + being + 动词过去分词Eg: The room is being cleaned now. 房子现在被打扫。3. 过去进行时： 主语 + was/were being + 动词过去分词Eg: The room was being cleaned when I came in. 当我进来的时候房子正在被打扫。4. 现在完成时： 主语 + have/has been + 动词过去分词Eg: The room has already been cleaned. 房子已经被打扫完了。“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”句式的被动语态 这种类型的句子变为被动语态时，通常将主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，谓语动词变为被动结构，宾语补足语不发生变化，但相应地成为主语补足语。宾语补足语如果为不带to的不定式，句子变为被动语态时要加上to（谓语动词为let时除外） Eg: The teacher asked us to finish the homework before Friday. 老师要求我们在周五之前完成作业。-- We were asked to finish the homework before Friday by the teacher. 我们被老师要求在周五之前完成作业。We were made to clean the classroom by the teacher. 老师让我们打扫教室。写作话题：Write your article about “Environmental Protection”. 以绿色校园为主题写一篇演讲稿* 提示：Pollution is one of the biggest problems,Everybody can do something to help protect the environment.First, we can save...We should...To help reduce pollution, we can...It’s a good idea to save...* 写作步骤 定文体(记叙文)、人称(第一人称)、时态(一般现在时)* 范文： Hi, guys, Isn’t it pleasant to study in an environmentally friendly school? To develop a green lifestyle, we students can go green at school in smaller ways. We can do simple things to help save resources. First of all, we should save as much paper pas possible. It’s necessary to reuse the textbooks and use both sides of the paper. Second, it’s a good idea to save water. We should drink up all the water in each bottle. Let’s not keep water running when we don’t use it. What’s more, don’t forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms to save electricity.Besides, we should try our best to reduce pollution at school. It’s important for us to take care of the trees and flowers. We should walk or ride o and from school if possible. Many hands make light work.Boys and girls, let’s put these ideas into action from now on. I’m sure our school will be more beautiful.That’s all. Thank you!