高考英语一轮-选择性必修三~选择性必修四词汇（练习）（解析版）

这是一份高考英语一轮-选择性必修三~选择性必修四词汇（练习）（解析版），共15页。试卷主要包含了易考单词变形等内容，欢迎下载使用。

题型一 易考单词变形
1．Since Zhangjiajie (imprve) its transprtatin and service fr lng, the city nw can receive 36, 200 turists per day.
【答案】has been imprving
【解析】考查谓语动词时态及主谓一致。句意：由于张家界长期以来一直在改善其交通和服务，该市现在每天可以接待36200名游客。所给动词imprve在since引导的原因状语从句中作谓语，根据时间状语fr lng，并结合主句时态可知，该空应使用现在完成进行时，主语Zhangjiajie为单数名词，助动词应使用单三形式。故填has been imprving。
2．China has been mre and mre (influence) since the refrm and pening-up.
【答案】influential
【解析】考查形容词。句意：改革开放以来，中国的影响力越来越大。提示词作表语，用形容influential构成比较级，表明主语的性质和属性，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。
3．Ba Jin gained (recgnize) fr writing at a very yung age, and tday he is still acknwledged as ne f China’s greatest writers.
【答案】recgnitin
【解析】考查名词。句意：巴金在很小的时候就因写作而获得认可，今天他仍然被公认为中国最伟大的作家之一。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词recgnitin“承认”，作gained的宾语。故填recgnitin。
4．The UNESCO Wrld Heritage Center repeatedly urges that sme cultural relics in Egypt (restre) in rder t prevent them frm cllapse.
【答案】(shuld) be restred
【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)世界遗产中心为了防止埃及的部分文物倒塌，一再敦促对其进行修复。空处应填谓语动词，表示建议、要求或命令的动词urge/advise/suggest/cmmand/demand,etc.其后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词应用(shuld)+动词原形，shuld可以省略，从句主语sme cultural relics与restre之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填(shuld) be restred。
5．Haiku, a Japanese petry, has a frmat f three lines, cntaining 5, 7, and 5 syllables (respective).
【答案】respectively
【解析】考查副词。句意：俳句是一种日本诗歌，有三行格式，分别包含5、7和5个音节。由句意空处应填副词形式，作状语，修饰cntaining。故填respectively。
6．It was the staff’s reslutin and (persevere) that helped this crpratin carry thrugh its gal and succeed eventually.
【答案】perseverance
【解析】考查名词。句意：是员工的决心和毅力帮助这家公司实现了目标并最终取得了成功。空处和名词reslutin并列作强调句的主语，应用名词形式perseverance，perseverance为不可数名词，故填perseverance。
7．In many cuntries, if smene is accused f a crime, he r she is cnsidered (inncence) until the curt prves that he r she is guilty.
【答案】inncent
【解析】考查形容词。句意：在许多国家，如果某人被指控犯罪，在法庭证明他或她有罪之前，他或她被视为无罪。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词inncent“无罪的”在句中作主语补足语。故填inncent。
8．He was a victim f (race) prejudice.
【答案】racial
【解析】考查形容词。句意：他是种族偏见的受害者。修饰名词prejudice，需用形容词racial，作定语。故填racial。
9．We’ll have reprters there fr yu all week lng t keep yu (update) n the strm.
【答案】updated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将在那里安排记者，为你提供整整一周的有关风暴的最新消息。设空处作宾语补足语，宾语yu与动词update“给……提供最新信息”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，设空处填过去分词updated。故填updated。
10． (nail) the tw shelves tgether, she wiped away the sweat and had a rest.
【答案】Having nailed
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：把两个架子钉在一起后，她擦了擦汗，休息了一会儿。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，nail与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词wiped之前，所以此处使用现在分词的完成式，即having nailed，且位于句首，having的首字母需大写。故填Having nailed。
11．The chef said the menu (adjust) t suit lcal tastes. That’s why mre custmers were flding int the restaurant.
【答案】had been adjusted
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：厨师说菜单已经调整以适应当地人的口味。这就是为什么越来越多的顾客涌入餐馆。空处应填谓语动词，由句意及That’s why mre custmers were flding int the restaurant可知the menu与adjust之间为被动关系且动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been adjusted。
12．It was really cld utside, but Jethr stayed indrs (wrap) in a warm blanket (毯子) and drinking ht chclate.
【答案】wrapped
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：外面真的很冷，但叶忒罗裹着温暖的毯子呆在家里，喝着热巧克力。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，固定短语be wrapped in表示“被包裹在”，wrap和Jethr逻辑上是被动关系，应用wrap的过去分词形式，和drinking并列，作方式状语，说明谓语行为发生的方式。故填wrapped。
13．He went frm dr t dr (find) a partner wh culd help.
【答案】t find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他挨家挨户地寻找能够帮忙的伙伴。分析句子可知，空处应填动词不定式，在句中作目的状语。故填t find。
14．Only in retrspect (回顾) did the value f appreciating a mvie withut judging, (accmpany) by the jy f sharing becme self-evident t me.
【答案】accmpanied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：只有回顾时，不加评判地欣赏一部电影，伴随着分享的喜悦，这种价值对我来说才变得不言而喻。分析句子可知，句子使用了部分倒装，已有谓语动词，空处是非谓语动词，accmpany“伴随”和the value f appreciating a mvie逻辑上是被动关系，应用accmpany的过去分词形式，作定语。故填accmpanied。
15．T get really gd at smething, ne needs t spend at least 10,000 hurs (study) and practicing.
【答案】studying
【解析】考查动名词。句意：要想真正擅长某件事，一个人需要花费至少10000个小时的学习和练习。固定短语spend time (in) ding sth：花费时间做某事，故填studying。
题型二 核心单词拼写
16．The reprt (以……为基础) n the research was launched later.
【答案】based
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：以该研究为基础的报告随后发布。根据汉语提示可知，base“以……为基础”，动词，和reprt之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填based。
17．She was frced t have her baby (领养) after she was sentenced t prisn.
【答案】adpted
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：她被判入狱后，被迫让人收养了她的孩子。根据提示的汉语，表示“领养”应为adpt，分析句子结构可知，此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，her baby与adpt之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填adpted。
18． (任命) t be manager f the cmpany, the yung man felt excited.
【答案】Appinted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被任命为公司经理，这个年轻人感到很兴奋。“任命”用动词appint，与逻辑主语the yung man之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填Appinted。
19．T begin with, we’d feel (荣幸) if yu culd match us accrding t ur ral English levels, rather than pair us randmly.
【答案】privileged
【解析】考查形容词。句意：首先，如果您能根据我们的英语口语水平给我们配对，而不是随意配对，我们会感到很荣幸。根据汉语提示“荣幸”可知，此处为形容词privileged，作表语。故填privileged。
20．She was s cnsiderate that she walked t cmfrt the girl (惊慌) by the news.
【答案】panicked
【解析】考查动词。句意：她很体贴，走过去安慰那个被消息吓坏的女孩。根据汉语提示可知应用动词panic，与girl构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填panicked。
21．When he came t himself, he fund himself (被锁在) in the rm.
【答案】lcked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他清醒过来时，发现自己被锁在房间里了。“被锁在”作宾语补足语，用动词lck，与其逻辑主语himself之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填lcked。
22．T find ut the truth, the plice fficers have t cnduct a (详尽的) review f the case.
【答案】thrugh
【解析】考查形容词。句意：为了查明真相，警察们必须对这个案件进行详尽的审查。“详尽的”修饰名词review，用形容词thrugh作定语。故填thrugh。
23．Last week, the teacher (布置) an essay abut envirnmental prtectin t them.
【答案】assigned
【解析】考查动词。句意：上周，老师布置了一篇关于环境保护的作文给他们。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据提示的汉语，表示“布置”应为assign，根据时间状语last week可知，此处应为一般过去时，且与主语the teacher之间为主动关系，所以谓语动词应为assigned。故填assigned。
24．A persn must shw sme (自制力) t reach the gal f change.
【答案】discipline
【解析】考查名词。句意：一个人必须表现出一定的自律才能达到改变的目标。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“自制力”应为discipline，且为不可数名词。故填discipline。
25．There were sme extrardinarily (逼真的， 栩栩如生的) paintings f Eurpe n display.
【答案】realistic
【解析】考查形容词。句意：有一些非常逼真的欧洲绘画作品在展出。根据汉语提示和空后的paintings f Eurpe可知，这里应用形容词realistic，作定语。故填realistic。
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A
（2024·浙江·二模）A diet high in prtein is ften prmted as part f a healthy lifestyle, and many diets encurage cnsumers t reduce fats in favr f prtein t lse weight and gain lean muscle.
Fr the study in Nature Metablism, Bettina Mittendrfer and clleagues fund that while increasing the prprtin f prtein in daily calrie intake is beneficial, cnsuming prtein t much nt nly desn’t add t the develpment f lean muscle but can cause unintended negative health effects.
“Cnsumers are being led t believe that they can never get t much prtein in their diet,” says Mittendrfer. “Hwever, ur research shws that specific amin acids (氨基酸), which are the building blcks f prtein, can trigger heart disease thrugh a signaling mechanism at the cellular level in the bld.”
An amin acid fund in animal-prtein fds, such as beef, eggs, and milk, was fund t be respnsible fr signaling activity in cells that typically clear away rubbish in bld vessels. As cnsumptin f dietary prtein increases, s des the cnsumptin f leucine (亮氨酸), the specific amin acid respnsible fr triggering this cellular activity in the bld.
When functining nrmally, these cells wrk t keep bld vessels free frm plaque (血小板) buildup. When their prductin becmes veractive, the resulting accumulatin f spent cells in the vascular system can cause the plaque buildup and blckages they are suppsed t prevent. The resulting hardening f the arteries (动脉) is a leading risk factr fr heart attack and strke.
“Our hpe is t eventually find the Gldilcks apprach fr maximizing the health benefits f dietary prtein, such as building lean muscle, while aviding the health drawbacks frm vercnsumptin.” says Mittendrfer.
The researchers fund that cnsuming mre than 22% f daily calries frm prtein carries mre dwnside risk than dietary benefit. Fr a nrmal adult, 20 t 30 grams f prtein per meal, r 60 t 90 grams f prtein per day is adequate t supprt health.
The study cmbined human trials with experiments in mice and cells.
1．Which f the fllwing is the finding f the research?
A．It is beneficial t take in prtein in daily diets.
B．A diet high in prtein is always cnsidered as a healthy lifestyle.
C．Many cnsumers are in favr f prtein t lse weight and gain muscle.
D．Cnsuming prtein t much desn’t d gd t the lean muscle develpment.
2．Which f the fllwing is mst likely t cause heart attack and strke?
A．The plaque buildup.B．Animal-prtein fds.
C．The hardening f the arteries.D．Overactive cellular activity in the bld.
3．What is the prper way t make gd use f prtein?
A．T take in prper amunt f prtein per meal.
B．T exercise everyday in rder t build lean muscle.
C．T cnsume mre than 22% f daily calries frm prtein.
D．T d mre experiments in mice and cells t prvide evidence.
4．What d we knw abut the study?
A．It is cnducted in a relatively scientific way.
B．It finally finds a prper apprach t keep fit.
C．It is ttally against what peple have believed.
D．It ffers a diet standard fr peple f all ages all ver the wrld.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了每日摄入过量蛋白质将导致心脏病、中风等疾病，并提出合理的蛋白质摄入量。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fr the study in Nature Metablism, Bettina Mittendrfer and clleagues fund that while increasing the prprtin f prtein in daily calrie intake is beneficial, cnsuming prtein t much nt nly desn’t add t the develpment f lean muscle but can cause unintended negative health effects. (Bettina Mittendrfer及其同事在《自然代谢》杂志上发表的研究发现，虽然增加每日卡路里摄入量中蛋白质的比例是有益的，但摄入过多的蛋白质不仅不会促进瘦肌肉的发育，还会对健康造成意想不到的负面影响。)”可知，摄入过度蛋白质对身体健康不利。故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The resulting hardening f the arteries (动脉) is a leading risk factr fr heart attack and strke. (由此导致的动脉硬化是心脏病发作和中风的主要危险因素。)”可推知，心脏病和中风直接的原因是动脉硬化。故选 C。
3． 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“Fr a nrmal adult, 20 t 30 grams f prtein per meal, r 60 t 90 grams f prtein per day is adequate t supprt health. (对于一个正常的成年人来说，每餐20至30克蛋白质，或每天60至90克蛋白质足以维持健康。)”可知，为了健康，成年人需要摄入适当量（20-30克）的蛋白质。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study cmbined human trials with experiments in mice and cells. (该研究将人体试验与小鼠和细胞试验结合起来。)”可知，该研究结合了人类的实验、和老鼠、细胞中的结论。整个研究相对科学、严谨。选 A。
B
（2024·湖南·二模）The Califrnia sea tter (海獭), nce hunted t the edge f extinctin, has staged a thrilling cmeback in the last century. Nw, scientists have discvered that the tters’ success stry has led t smething just as remarkable: the restratin f their declining castal marsh (沼泽) habitat.
Elkhrn Slugh, a castal marsh within Mnterey Bay, had been experiencing severe damage. The rt cause was a grwing ppulatin f shre crabs, which fed heavily n the marsh plants, weakening the structural integrity f the habitat. Castal marshes like these are nt nly natural defenses against strm waves but als serve as imprtant carbn strage areas and water-cleaning systems.
The cnservatin-driven cmeback f the sea tter has been crucial. Califrnia’s castlines were nce alive with sea tters. Sadly, they were nearly wiped ut at the hands f fur traders. In the 1980s, cnservatin effrts aided these tters in re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range. Nw, Elkhrn Slugh has the highest cncentratin f sea tters in Califrnia, with a ppulatin f abut 100. By naturally feasting n crabs, the tters have helped a significant regrwth f plant life. Brent Hughes, a scientist wrking alngside Angelini, led a three-year study. Their findings were clear: in areas with sea tters, crab numbers fell markedly. This led t a resurgence in plant grwth, which in turn stabilized the sil and lwered the rate f sil washing away.
As the sea tter ppulatin cntinues t restre, their psitive impact n castal ecsystems is likely t increase. It nt nly shwcases the sea tter as a central species—a species that has a significant effect n its natural envirnment—but als highlights the essential nature f tp predatrs (捕食者) in preserving eclgical harmny. “My hnest reactin was—this culd becme a classic in the literature,” says scientist Lekelia Jenkins. She reveals marsh restratin als helps peple by reducing flding. “Suddenly, sea tters g frm just cute things we like t smething that can prtect ur livelihds and ur prperties.”
5．What change did the disappearance f sea tters bring abut?
A．Fewer predatry crabs.B．Mre castal plant life.
C．Better water-cleaning effect.D．Wrse castal eclgical balance.
6．What des the underlined wrd “resurgence” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Barrier.B．Advancement.C．Expansin.D．Revival.
7．What is the authr’s purpse in quting Lekelia Jenkins?
A．T highlight the imprtance f castal marshes.
B．T intrduce a new research study n sea tters.
C．T demnstrate the practical benefits f sea tters.
D．T emphasize the need fr increased cnservatin effrts.
8．What message is cnveyed frm sea tters’ impact?
A．The necessity fr cntrlled hunting.
B．The intercnnectedness f the ecsystem.
C．The drawbacks f wildlife reintrductin.
D．The need fr human interventin in nature.
【答案】5．D 6．D 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍海獭的恢复历程及其对沿海沼泽生态系统的积极影响，强调了顶级捕食者在维持生态平衡中的重要作用。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Elkhrn Slugh, a castal marsh within Mnterey Bay, had been experiencing severe damage. The rt cause was a grwing ppulatin f shre crabs, which fed heavily n the marsh plants, weakening the structural integrity f the habitat.(埃尔克霍恩沼泽是蒙特利湾的一个沿海沼泽，已经遭受了严重的破坏。根本原因是岸边蟹的数量不断增加，它们以沼泽植物为食，削弱了栖息地的结构完整性。)”可知，海獭的消失导致了沿海生态平衡的恶化。故选D项。
6．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“By naturally feasting n crabs, the tters have helped a significant regrwth f plant life.(通过以螃蟹为食，水獭帮助了植物的再生。)”说明水獭通过以螃蟹为食，可以帮助植物的再生，从而推知划线词句“Their findings were clear: in areas with sea tters, crab numbers fell markedly. This led t a resurgence in plant grwth, which in turn stabilized the sil and lwered the rate f sil washing away.(他们的发现很明确：在有海獭的地区，螃蟹的数量明显下降。这导致了植物生长的resurgence，反过来又稳定了土壤，降低了土壤被冲走的速度。)”其中划线词应为“复苏”的意思，与D项同义。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘My hnest reactin was — this culd becme a classic in the literature,’ says scientist Lekelia Jenkins. She reveals marsh restratin als helps peple by reducing flding. ‘Suddenly, sea tters g frm just cute things we like t smething that can prtect ur livelihds and ur prperties.’(科学家Lekelia Jenkins 说：‘我的真实反应是，这可能会成为文学经典。’她透露，沼泽恢复也通过减少洪水来帮助人们。‘突然之间，海獭从我们喜欢的可爱动物变成了可以保护我们生计和财产的动物。’)”可知，作者引用Lekelia Jenkins的话是为了展示海獭对人类的实际益处，如减少洪水灾害等。故选C项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As the sea tter ppulatin cntinues t restre, their psitive impact n castal ecsystems is likely t increase. It nt nly shwcases the sea tter as a central species—a species that has a significant effect n its natural envirnment — but als highlights the essential nature f tp predatrs (捕食者) in preserving eclgical harmny.(随着海獭数量的持续恢复，它们对沿海生态系统的积极影响可能会增加。它不仅展示了海獭作为一个关键物种——一个对自然环境有重大影响的物种——而且突出了顶级捕食者在维护生态和谐方面的本质)”可知，文章通过展示海獭对沿海生态系统的积极影响，传达了生态系统之间相互联系的信息。故选B项。
题型二 完形填空词汇和短语
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024·河北·一模）My wrk in cancer research was generating a lt f waste every day. As ur research turned t full capacity, ur waste prductin 1 .
I went t my adviser and suggested the idea f 2 3D-printed lab tls ut f sme f ur waste. She 3 me and then I secured funding t purchase recycling equipment. But after mnths f 4 , the prject didn’t g as I had imagined and prgressed slwly. S it was a welcme 5 when my c-wrkers brainstrmed ther ways t reduce ur envirnmental 6
We created a grup t push fr greener ways t 7 . We began meeting mnthly t cme up with slutins. Over the fllwing mnths, we 8 new recycling bins t each lab s that ur plastic waste culd be srted 9 .We created rules fr each device t be energy-efficient. I’m still disappinted that I culdn’t fully realize my 3D-printing 10 .I am stubbrn enugh t keep trying. But I’ve als learned that if ne apprach isn’t wrking, smetimes it’s best t 11 and lk fr ther slutins. I’m thankful that with the help f the 12 cmmunity arund me, we are able t d that.
I encurage scientists everywhere t think abut ways t reduce the 13 impact f their wn research. The wrk we d is imprtant. But we shuld als d ur part t be as sustainable as we can. After all, what 14 des ur science have if, ultimately, there remains n 15 planet we can call ur hme?
1．A．returnedB．declinedC．stabilizedD．rcketed
2．A．creatingB．buyingC．brrwingD．renting
3．A．suspectedB．criticizedC．encuragedD．cmfrted
4．A．struggleB．discussinC．trainingD．cnfusin
5．A．surceB．reliefC．targetD．success
6．A．distributinB．ptinC．phaseD．ftprint
7．A．cureB．defendC．perateD．negtiate
8．A．cmmentedB．intrducedC．mvedD．kncked
9．A．prperlyB．typicallyC．naturallyD．annually
10．A．recipeB．preventinC．visinD．assciatin
11．A．set ffB．speak utC．hld nD．step back
12．A．lcalB．academicC．finalD．new
13．A．fundamentalB．histricalC．envirnmentalD．financial
14．A．significanceB．pssibilityC．frtuneD．depth
15．A．bradB．supprtiveC．differentD．particular
【答案】
1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．A 215．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在癌症研究工作中意识到每日产生大量废物的问题，并试图通过3D打印实验室工具来回收利用部分废物。尽管初期项目进展不顺利，但团队成员共同努力，采取了诸如增加分类回收箱、制定节能规则等措施减少环境足迹。作者还鼓励科学家们要保护好地球，不要因为科学研究对地球造成伤害。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着研究全面展开，我们的废弃物产量大幅增加。A. returned返回；B. declined下降；C. stabilized稳定；D. rcketed迅速上升的。根据上文“As ur research turned t full capacity”下文“I went t my adviser and suggested the idea f 2 3D-printed lab tls ut f sme f ur waste.”可知，作者的研究工作也会产生废弃物，随着他们研究工作全面展开，他们工作产生的废弃物会迅速上升。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我去找导师并提出了用我们的一些废弃物创造3D打印的实验室工具的想法。A. creating创造；B. buying购买；C. brrwing借用；D. renting出租。根据空后“3D-printed lab tls ut f sme f ur waste”以及“I secured funding t purchase recycling equipment”可知，作者觉得研究中产生的废弃物太多，所以他找导师建议用这些废弃物来创造3D打印的实验室工具。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她鼓励了我，然后我成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。A. suspected怀疑；B. criticized批评；C. encuraged鼓励；D. cmfrted安慰。根据句中“I secured funding t purchase recycling equipment”可知，作者的导师同意了他的建议，并鼓励了他，让他成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是经过了几个月的努力，该项目并没有按照我想象的方式进行，进展缓慢。A. struggle努力；B. discussin讨论；C. training训练；D. cnfusin混乱。根据句中“the prject didn’t g as I had imagined and prgressed slwly”可知，虽然作者努力了几个月，但是这个项目并没有像他想象的那样进展顺利。故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当同事们集思广益提出其他减少我们环境足迹的方法时，这无疑是一个让人松一口气的事。A. surce来源；B. relief (焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻；C. target目标；D. success成功。根据下文“when my c-wrkers brainstrmed ther ways t reduce ur envirnmental 6 ”可知，作者的方法并没有起作用，所以当同事们提出其他的方法时，作者感到松了一口气。“relief” 表示在困境中得到帮助或找到新方法的轻松感。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当同事们集思广益提出其他减少我们环境足迹的方法时，这无疑是一个让人松一口气的事。A. distributin分布；B. ptin选项；C. phase阶段；D. ftprint脚印。根据上文“I went t my adviser and suggested the idea f 2 3D-printed lab tls ut f sme f ur waste”可知，同事们也提出一些减少环境足迹的方法。 “ftprint”在此指的是我们研究活动对环境造成的影响。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们成立了一个小组，力推更加绿色的方式来运作实验室。A. cure治愈；B. defend保卫；C. perate操作；D. negtiate谈判。根据下文“We began meeting mnthly t cme up with slutins.”可知，作者的团队成立了一个小组，来改进实验室操作方式以减少对环境的影响。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来几个月，我们在每个实验室都引入了新的回收箱以便我们的塑料废弃物能够被正确地分类。A. cmmented评论；B. intrduced引入；C. mved移动；D. kncked敲。根据空后“new recycling bins t each lab”可知，作者的团队以更加绿色的方式来改进实验室的操作，所以他们是引入了新的回收箱。故选B。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：接下来几个月，我们在每个实验室都引入了新的回收箱以便我们的塑料废弃物能够被正确地分类。A. prperly正确的；B. typically通常地；C. naturally自然地；D. annually每年地。根据上文“we 8 new recycling bins t each lab”可知，作者的实验室引入了新的回收箱，为了能够正确的给塑料废弃物分类。故选A。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：至今仍感到失望的是，我未能完全实现我的3D打印设想。A. recipe配方；B. preventin预防；C. visin想象；D. assciatin协会。根据上文“But after mnths f 4 , the prject didn’t g as I had imagined and prgressed slwly.”可知，作者以前提出的3D打印的设想并没有实现，所以他感到非常的失望。故选C。
11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但也认识到，如果一种方法行不通，有时候最好后退一步，寻找其它解决方案。A. set ff出发；B. speak ut说出；C. hld n继续；D. step back后退一步。根据下文“and lk fr ther slutins”可知，作者的方法在努力之后依然行不通，所以他觉得有时候需要后退一步，寻找新的方法。故选D。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激，在周围学术社区的帮助下，我们能够做到这一点。A. lcal本地的；B. academic学术的；C. final最终的；D. new新的。根据上文“I’m thankful”可知，作者能够做到这些是因为其他的学术社区帮助了他。“academic cmmunity” 指的是科研领域内的同行和团队。故选B。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我鼓励各地的科学家们都去思考如何减少自己研究的环境影响。A. fundamental基础的；B. histrical历史的；C. envirnmental环境的；D. financial财政的。根据上文的“when my c-wrkers brainstrmed ther ways t reduce ur envirnmental 6 ”可知，作者鼓励科学家们要思考如何减少自己的研究对环境的影响。故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，如果我们最终没有一个可以称为家园的可持续发展的星球，那么我们的科学又有什么意义呢？A. significance意义；B. pssibility可能性；C. frtune财富；D. depth深度。根据下文“if, ultimately, there remains n 15 planet we can call ur hme”可知，作者觉得如果地球遭到了破坏，那么科学研究就没有意义了。故选A。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，如果我们最终没有一个可以称为家园的可持续发展的星球，那么我们的科学又有什么意义呢？A. brad宽的；B. supprtive支持的；C. different不同的；D. particular尤其的。根据全文语境可知，如果地球遭到了破坏，不再是一个能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球，那么科学研究也没有了意义。此处的“supprtive planet” 指能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球。故选B。
（2024年浙江卷1月阅读理解A篇）
Tm Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, ft-stmping musical versin f a Mark Twain favrite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tm Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the gd stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Je McDnugh, with music by David Kisr. That’s the lcal stage writing team that creates many f the Children’s Theatre f Cincinnati’s riginal musicals, alng with the hliday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner f Burlingtn is Tm Sawyer, and Rbbie McMath f Frt Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Tumer, a 10th-grader at Schl fr Creative and Perfrming Arts, is a familiar presence n Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act r f Children’s Theatre, having played leading rles in “The Legend f Sleepy Hllw” and “The Wizard f Oz,” and is fresh frm Jersey Prductin “Ragtime”.
McMath is a junir at Beechwd High Schl. He was in the cast f “Tm Sawyer” when it was first perfrmed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shws t his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Gvernr’s Schl fr the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Nte t teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demnstrating hw math and science can be taught thrugh “Tm Sawyer.” Fr dwnladable lessns, visit the fficial website f Children’s Theatre.
1. Wh wrte the music fr “Tm Sawyer: A River Adventure”?
A. David Kisr.B. Je McDnugh.
C. Nathan Turner.D. Rbbie McMath.
2. What can we learn abut the tw actrs?
A. They study in the same schl.B. They wrked tgether in ”Ragtime“.
C. They are experienced n stage.D. They became friends ten years ag.
3. What des Children’s Theatre prvide fr teachers?
A. Research funding.B. Training pprtunities.
C. Technical supprt.D. Educatinal resurces.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险记》。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Je McDnugh, with music by David Kisr.(本剧由乔·麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tumer, a 10th-grader at Schl fr Creative and Perfrming Arts, is a familiar presence n Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act r f Children’s Theatre, having played leading rles in “The Legend f Sleepy Hllw” and “The Wizard f Oz,” and is fresh frm Jersey Prductin “Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段中的“McMath is a junir at Beechwd High Schl. He was in the cast f “Tm Sewyer” when it was first perfrmed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shws t his credit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场。)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Nte t teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demnstrating hw math and science can be taught thrugh “Tm Sawyer.” Fr dwnladable lessns, visit the fficial website f Children’s Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站。)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源。故选D项。
（2022·新高考II卷阅读理解C篇）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne. "
8. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm. B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel. ”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. ”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws. ”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。
10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir. ”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，smething是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne. ”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故smething指代的是法律。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre. ”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】易考单词变形
【题型二】核心单词拼写
02 重难创新练
【题型一】阅读词汇和短语
【题型二】完形词汇和短语
03 真题实战练