[中考一轮复习]译林版初中英语八年级下册 Unit 5 课件

中考一轮复习八年级下册Unit 51. 了解中西方餐桌礼仪,养成讲文明、懂礼貌的好习惯。2. 掌握并学会运用enough to 和“too ...to ...”结构。重点词汇知识点1 politely adv. 礼貌地[归纳拓展] politely 由形容词polite加-ly 构成。以e结尾的形容词变副词时,一般有以下三种情况:1. 一般情况下,直接在后面加-ly。如: widely、 nicely、 wisely、 politely、 completely、 strangely、 closely等。2. 以-ble结尾的形容词,将ble变成bly。如: possibly、 probably、 terribly、 comfortably等。3. 去掉e并加-ly。如: truly、 gently、 simply等。[跟踪训练]He refused their invitation 　　　　.(礼貌地) politely知识点2 close adj. 亲密的;严密的[归纳拓展] 1. close作形容词时,可意为“亲密的;严密的”,也可以意为“靠近的”,如: a close friend 一个亲密的朋友be close to sp.靠近某地2. closed可作形容词,意为“关门的”。如:The shop is closed on Sundays. 这家商店星期天关门。3. close作副词时,意为“靠近地”。closely 用作副词,意为“严密地;密切地”。[跟踪训练]I have a 　　　　classmate. He sits 　　　　to me. He can work  with me.(close) closecloseclosely知识点3 avoid vt. 避免[归纳拓展] 1. avoid doing sth. 意为“避免做某事”。如: He avoided answering my questions.他对我的问题避而不答。2. avoid意为“避开,躲避”时,相当于keep away from;意为“防止(某事的发生)”时,相当于prevent。[跟踪训练]1. He bought an umbrella to avoid 　　　　 wet in the rain.(get) (　　)2. (2022·无锡)— Does the colour red represent good things in Chinese culture?— Yes. But writing one’s name in red is not good, and we usually 　　　　it. A. avoidB. adviseC. allowD. acceptgettingA知识点4 loudly adv. 大声地[归纳拓展] 辨析: aloud、 loud与loudly1. aloud 强调发出的声音能被听见,意为“出声地;大声地”,常与read、call 等动词连用。2. loud意为“响亮地,大声地”,侧重指发出的音量大,传得远,一般多用来修饰 speak、 talk、 laugh等动词。loud 还可用作形容词,意为“大声的,喧闹的”。3. loudly意为“大声地”,其基本意思与loud 相同,常与 ring、 knock 等动词连用。[跟踪训练]1. You will have to speak 　　　　—I can’t hear you.(更大声) (　　)2. Suddenly, the bell rang 　　　　. A. aloudB. loudlyC. aloudlyD. quietlouderB知识点5 sometime adv. 在某时[归纳拓展] 辨析:sometimes、 some times、 sometime与some time[跟踪训练](　　) I will ask you to have dinner 　　　　 next week. A. any timeB. some timesC. sometimeD. sometimesC知识点6 above all 首要的是[归纳拓展] 辨析: above all、 first of all与after all[跟踪训练](　　)Never waste anything. 　　　　, never waste time. A. In allB. Not at allC. After allD. Above allD重点句型知识点7 If you’re in their way, they won’t touch you or push past you. 如果你挡住他们的路了,他们不会碰你或从你身边挤过去。[归纳拓展] in one’s way 挡某人的路。相关短语: all the way一直,总是; by the way顺便问一下; on one’s way to sp.在某人去某地的路上; lose one’s way迷路。[跟踪训练](　　)There was a big stone 　　　my way 　　　my way home yesterday.A. at; byB. in; byC. on; inD. in; onD知识点8 They’ll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to wait till you move. 他们会说“劳驾”并足够礼貌地等你移开为止。[归纳拓展]1. “I am sorry.”指因做错了事而道歉或表示惋惜、同情。如:你迟到时说“I’m sorry I’m late.”;你听到不好的消息时说“I am sorry to hear that.”。2. “Excuse me.”表示抱歉、打扰,常用于向别人询问时间、问路、打断别人的话或者因打喷嚏而感到不好意思时。[跟踪训练](　　)— 　　　　, could you please tell me where to park my car? — Sure. A. Let it goB. Forgive meC. Excuse meD. On the wayC知识点9 warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事[归纳拓展] 相关短语: warn sb.警告/告诫某人; warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人(不要)做某事; warn sb. of/about sth.警告某人某事,提醒某人注意某事; warn sb. against doing sth.警告/告诫某人不要做某事。[跟踪训练](　　) — It is so hot today. Why not swim in the river?— No, we can’t swim in the river. Our teachers and parents always warn us　　　　in the river. It’s too dangerous. A. to not swimB. swimmingC. not to swimD. not swimmingC知识点10 These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. 这些规则很 重要,因为我们应该确保客人和主人在就餐时都很舒适。[归纳拓展] 辨析: be sure 与make sure1. be sure 指某人对某事或对某种情况有把握,常意为“确信”; make sure 指确保,设法保证。2. 二者后面均可接of 短语。3. make sure 后面的that从句一般不用将来时; be sure后面的that从句则可用将来时。[跟踪训练](　　)　　　　 that you shut the door. A. Be sureB. Make sureC. To be sureD. To make sureB语法专题知识点11 enough to[归纳拓展]1. 该结构的基本形式为“形容词/副词+ enough +动词不定式”,意为“足够……可以……”。2. 若enough前出现否定词,则不仅否定了enough,也否定了后面的不定式。3. 该结构有时可与“so/such ...that ...”结构转换。如:He is rich enough to buy a plane.= He is so rich that he can buy a plane. 他足够富有,能买一架飞机。4. 有时该结构也可与“too ...to ...”句型转换。如:He is too young to go to school.= He is not old enough to go to school.他太小了,还不能上学。[跟踪训练]She is too careless to drive.= She isn’t 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　drive. = She is 　　　　careless 　　　　she 　　　　drive. carefulenoughtosothatcan’t知识点12 “too ...to ...”结构[归纳拓展]1. “too ...to ...”形式是肯定的,但表达否定意义,意为“太……而不能……”。too的后面接形容词或副词的原级, to的后面接动词原形,构成动词不定式。2. 动词不定式的逻辑主语:动词不定式所发出的动作的执行者与整个句子的主语不指同一个人或物时,需要在动词不定式前加上一个逻辑主语(for sb.)。如:The Maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.这道数学题太难,我不能解出它。3. 如动词不定式带有逻辑主语,动词不定式中的动词须是及物动词,如为不及物动词,则需加上适当的介词,但不能加宾语。4. “too ...to ...”结构表示肯定意义的情况:too前面含有表示否定意义的词not、 never、 nothing等时, “too ...to ...”结构不表示否定意义。如:You’re never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。5. “too ...to ...”结构与“...enough to ...”结构及“so ...that ...”结构的相互转换:(1) 将“too ...to ...”结构转换为“...enough to ...”结构时要注意:① “...enough to ...”结构须用于否定句;② enough前的形容词或副词须是too后面形容词或副词的反义词;③ “too ...to ...”结构有逻辑主语时,“...enough to ...”结构也要加上逻辑主语。(2) 将“too ...to ...”结构转换为“so ...that ...”结构时要注意:① “so ...that ...”结构是复合句, so的后面接形容词或副词, that的后面接从句;② that后面的从句要用否定形式。[跟踪训练](　　)1. The train travelled 　　　fast for us to see much outside the window.A. quiteB. veryC. tooD. so(　　)2. (2022·连云港)Kitty, these books are 　　　　heavy for you  carry. Let me help you. A. as; asB. too; toC. such; thatD. so; thatCB一、 词汇。A. 根据句意和汉语提示写出单词,完成句子。1. — Amy, it’s your 　　　　to cook dinner.(顺序) — All right.2. (2023·安徽)Foreign 　　　　will surely enjoy their stay in China during the 19th Asian Games.(客人) 3. Thank you for 　　　 　us not to swim here.(警告) 4. Mr Smith 　　 　his wife and kids before he goes to work every day.(亲吻)5. (2023·连云港市海州区模拟)After a long 　　 　　, all the students agreed to the plan at last.(讨论) turnguestswarningkissesdiscussionB. 根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help 　　　　.(polite) 2. We must be careful to avoid 　　 　　mistakes in the exam.(make) 3. Please speak more 　　　　so that all of us can hear you.(loud) 4. Have you ever cut your finger on the edge of a book page? The small cut on your finger is so 　　　　.(pain) 5. Have you connected the mouse to the computer 　 　　　?(proper)politelymakingloudlypainfulproperly二、 单项选择。(　　)1. It’s widely agreed that every tourist should have good 　　　　. A. methodsB. moviesC. mannersD. minds(　　)2. In Britain, people won’t push past you if you are 　　 　. They will wait until you move first. A. by the wayB. on the wayC. in their wayD. in some waysCC(　　)3. The community worker is patient enough 　　　　how to use the QR code(二维码) to the old. A. explainB. explainsC. to explainD. explaining(　　)4. — “Song of Autumn” by Liu Yuxi describes autumn in a different way.— I agree. Most poets describe this season to 　　　　a feeling of sadness. But in Liu’s eyes, autumn is full of life and hope. A. excuseB. expressC. expectD. explainCB(　　)5. It’s still 　　　　to reach a conclusion on this point. Be patient. A. too lateB. late enoughC. too earlyD. early enough(　　)6. You need not only talent but also hard work to become a  football player. A. youngB. successfulC. happyD. friendlyCB(　　)7. Wait politely, please. Don’t 　　　　line. A. cut inB. cut downC. cut outD. cut short(　　)8. — Mum, can you give me some advice on how to behave at table?— Sure. I really have several pieces of advice for you.　　　　, please keep quiet while eating. A. In allB. Of allC. At allD. Above allAD(　　)9. Cathy checked her paper 　　　　so that she could get good grades in the exam. A. careful enoughB. enough carefulC. enough carefullyD. carefully enoughD(　　)10. (2022·连云港)Keep practising, and you’ll be an excellent football player. 　　　 A. No pain, no gain.B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.C. It never rains but it pours.D. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.A