2026年高考英语（外研版）一轮复习配套课件 必修第三册 Unit 6　Disaster and hope

Unit 6　Disaster and hope必修第三册单元词句识记内容 索 引单元默写检测核心知识突破关键能力考查写作素养培优课时作业单 元 词 句 识 记Ⅰ.阅读单词1.tube n.　　　　　管子2.plus adj. (用于数字后面表示)多,余;优势;好处3.typhoon n.台风4.landslide n.山崩,滑坡5.tsunami n.海啸6.blizzard n.暴风雪7.avalanche n.雪崩8.satellite n.人造卫星9.hurricane n.飓风10.billion num.十亿11.nowhere adv.什么地方都不,无处12.otherwise adv.否则,要不然13.mosquito n.蚊子14.county n. (美国等国家的)县;(英国的)郡Ⅱ.核心单词1.forecast the weather 　　预报天气2.rescue workers 救援人员3.take emergency action 采取紧急行动4.overcome the crisis 克服危机5.the rescue helicopter 救援直升机6.at midnight 在午夜7.personal property 私有财产Ⅲ.一词多义1.grab v.攫取,抓住;抓住(机会等);获得,抢占;吸引(某人的注意)①grab her hand 抓住她的手②grab the chance 抓住机会③grab the attention 吸引注意力④He grabbed my seat.他占了我的位置。2.claim v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命);声称;认领;索赔①claim three lives 夺去三条生命②claim a major breakthrough 声称有重大突破③claim my lost luggage 认领我丢失的行李④claim for damages 索要损害赔偿3.lap n.(坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈①sit on my lap 坐在我腿上②the final lap 最后一圈4.shelter n.庇护,掩蔽,避难(避雨、躲避危险或攻击);遮蔽物,庇护处;收容所,庇护所;居所 v.保护,掩蔽;躲避(风雨或危险)①take shelter from the storm 躲避暴风雨②a rough shelter 一个简陋的遮蔽物③an animal shelter 动物收容所④shelter the homeless 庇护无家可归者⑤shelter from the rain 避雨Ⅳ.派生单词1.disaster n.　　　灾难,灾祸disastrous adj.灾难性的2.erupt v.(火山)爆发,喷发eruption n.火山爆发;(战争等)爆发3.immediately adv.即刻,马上immediate adj.立即的;即刻的4.occur v.发生occurrence n.发生5.announcement n.通告,公告announce vt.宣布;通告6.reliable adj.可信赖的,可靠的rely v.依靠;信赖7.exceptionally adv.极其,非常except prep.除……之外exception n.例外exceptional adj.非凡的;不同寻常的;杰出的8.threaten v.威胁到,危及threat n.威胁,可能会带来危险的人(事)threatening adj.威胁的;恐吓的9.precisely adv.精确地,准确地precise adj.准确的;确切的;精确的10.sufficient adj.足够的,充足的sufficiently adv.充足地sufficiency n.足量;充足insufficient adj.不充分的Ⅴ.短语词块1.go down 　　　下降,落下;沉没;走下(某一处)2.make it to 及时赶到……3.look through 浏览,迅速查看4.leave out 遗漏,不包括5.consist of 包含,包括;由……组成6.fly off 飞走7.look out for 注意查看,留心8.keep on (doing sth) 继续(做某事)9.have yet to 还没有10.in the open air 在户外11.a crowd of 一大群12.after all 毕竟;终究13.all of a sudden 突然14.up and down 来来回回;上上下下Ⅵ.教材佳句1.Sure enough,going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s erupting.(动词-ing形式短语作主语)果不其然,走下楼梯,来到站台上就像跳进一座正在喷发的火山一样。2.One very hot summer,the sun reflected off it and melted cars parked below!(动词-ed形式作定语)一个非常炎热的夏天,太阳光反射过来,融化了停在下面的汽车!3.Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth,perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space... (now that引导原因状语从句)既然很难避免地球上的灾难,或许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……4.Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart,I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face.(心理描写)我心情沉重地走出地铁站,突然感觉到一阵清风扑面而来。5.I was so frightened that I just froze.(心理描写)我吓呆了。▶构词法日积月累单 元 默 写 检 测Step One　写一写Ⅰ.阅读单词1.cost ￡10,000 plus 　　　　耗资万________英镑 2.a severe hurricane 一场猛烈的　　　　　　 3.be drowned in the tsunami 被　　　　　　淹没 4.blizzard conditions 　　　　　　　天气 5.a massive avalanche 一场巨大的　　　　　　 6.a weather satellite 气象　　　　　 7.a mosquito bite 　　　　　　　叮伤 余飓风海啸暴风雪雪崩卫星蚊子Ⅱ.核心单词1.　　　　　　 v.& n.预测,预报 2.　　　　　　 v.营救,解救 3.　　　　　　 n.紧急情况,不测事件 4.　　　　　　 n.危机 5.　　　　　　 n.直升机 6.　　　　　　 n.所有物,资产,财产 forecastrescueemergencycrisishelicopterpropertyⅢ.派生单词1.　　　　　　 n.灾难,灾祸→　　　　　　 adj.灾难性的 2.　　　　　　 v.(火山)爆发,喷发→ 　　　　　　 n.火山爆发;(战争等)爆发 3.　　　　　　v.发生→　　　　　　 n.发生 4.　　　　　　 vt.宣布;通告→　　　　　　　n.通告,公告5.　　　　　　v.依靠;信赖→　　　　　　　adj.可信赖的,可靠的disasterdisastrouserupteruptionoccuroccurrenceannounceannouncementrelyreliable6.　　　　　　n.威胁,可能会带来危险的人(事)→　　　　　　 v.威胁到,危及→　　　　　　 adj.威胁的;恐吓的 7.　　　　　　 adj.足够的,充足的→　　　　　adv.充足地→ ____________n.足量;充足→　　　　　　 adj.不充分的 threatthreatenthreateningsufficientsufficientlysufficiencyinsufficientⅣ.短语互译1.　　　　　　　　 及时赶到…… 2.　　　　　　　　 浏览,迅速查看 3.　　　　　　　　 包含,包括;由……组成 4.　　　　　　　　 还没有 5.　　　　　　　　 注意查看,留心 make it tolook throughconsist ofhave yet tolook out for6.leave out 　　　　　　　　　　　　 7.in the open air 　　　　　　　 8.a crowd of 　　　　　　　 9.all of a sudden 　　　　　　　 10.up and down 　　　　　　　　　 遗漏,不包括在户外一大群突然来来回回;上上下下Ⅴ.句式仿写1.句型公式:动词-ing形式作主语　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 takes time and patience, but it is a rewarding experience.(建议信)学习一门新语言需要时间和耐心,但这是一次有益的经历。2.句型公式:动词-ed形式作定语During the exhibition,dozens of short videos ___________________ ________________________will be shown.(通知) 展览期间,将播放数十部改编自经典电影和戏剧的视频短片。Learning a new languageadapted fromclassical movies and plays3.句型公式:now that引导原因状语从句　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, you should not depend too much on your parents.(建议信)既然你已经长大了,就不应该过分依赖你的父母。Now that you have grown upStep Two　练一练Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式1.The newspaper f　　　　　　　　　 that they would be totally beaten in the coming general election. 2.When we were finally r　　　　　　,we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. orecast/forecastedescued3.As soon as Jane saw a h　　　　　　 hovering overhead,she desperately sent out a signal by using her whistle,hoping to attract the pilot’s attention. 4.No sooner had the police received the e　　　　　　call than they rushed to the scene.elicoptermergencyⅡ.根据语境用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1.Mary 　　　　　　to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy, whose 　　　　　　　　　 of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce)2.Actually, he is an honest and 　　　　　　person, whom you can _______________on.(rely) 3.Being stuck in a big fire is 　　　　　　,and we are _____________ with it.(threat) announcedannouncementreliablerelythreateningthreatened4.Though a few brief comments are 　　　　　　for present purposes,my experience is not 　　　　　　varied to do so. (sufficient) sufficientsufficientlyⅢ.短语填空made it to1.Despite/In spite of the sufferings and hardships in life,she didn’t give up her dream and finally 　　　　　　　　the top. 2.I was riding along the street when 　　　　　　　　　　　　, a car cut in and almost knocked me down.3.I would be grateful if you please spare some time to _____________ the article attached to the e-mail and polish it. all of a suddenlook through4.Breathing in the fresh air and smelling the delicious food, we jumped __________________with excitement. 5.Take notes, otherwise some important points will 　　　　　　. up and downbe left outⅣ.串记练习阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The hurricane was exceptionally strong yesterday,1.___________ (cause) significant damage to people’s safety and property.Based on the announcement,a number of lives 2.　　　　　　(claim) by the disaster.People 3.　　　　　　 survived the disaster had nowhere to go.Plus,drinking water was hard 4.　　　　　　(get) and there wascausingwere claimedwho/thatto getno sufficient food.Their emotions erupted like 5.　　　　　　 volcano and a sense of 6.　　　　　　 (helpless) grabbed them. 7.__________ (luck),the reliable government immediately took action and sent helicopters to rescue the 8.　　　　　　(trap) people.Otherwise they would have starved to death.At midnight,mosquitos circled the shelter and 9.　　　(bite) people’s laps precisely.People’s lives and property are still under threat,because no one knows 10.______________ the hurricane will occur again or not. ahelplessnessLuckilytrappedbitwhether核 心 知 识 突 破No.1 热考词汇No.3 写作迁移No.2 熟词生义/一词多义1.occur v.(occurred,occurred,occurring)发生,出现→occurrence n.发生佳句背诵　It occurred to/hit/struck me that the horses we were riding might know the way home and I smiled through tears.(心理描写)我突然想起我们骑的马有可能认识回家的路,我破涕为笑。 以练促学　一句多译当我走到长满黑莓的小路上时,我想起了与蜂鸟的往事。(2023·浙江1月卷)→Memories with the hummingbird ___________________________　when I walked to the blackberry-lined path.(occur) →Memories with the hummingbird ___________________________　when I walked to the blackberry-lined path.(strike) occurred to mestruck me2.claim v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命);声称;认领;索赔 n.要求;主张;索赔佳句背诵　It is claimed that humour not only affects patients’ moods,but also helps them recover faster.(发言稿)据称,幽默不仅影响患者的情绪,而且有助于他们更快地康复。claim to do sth　　 　声称/主张做某事claim to have done sth声称做过某事claim that...声称……It is claimed that...有人主张……;据说……以练促学　猜测词义/单句语法填空①Earthquakes have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.　　　　　　　 ②Nobody has claimed 　　　　　　(take) the blame for the gas leakage. ③Doctors claimed 　　　　　　　　　　　　(discover) a cure for the disease after years of research. v.夺去(生命)to taketo have discovered3.threaten v.威胁到,危及;(坏事)可能发生→threat n.威胁,可能会带来危险的人(事)→threatening adj.威胁的;恐吓的佳句背诵　He sniffled quietly,tears threatening to spill from his eyes.(情绪描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)他轻轻地抽泣着,眼泪几乎要从眼睛里流出来。a threat to 　　对……构成威胁的人或事物under threat 受到威胁threaten to do sth 威胁做某事;某事可能发生以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作①Using disposable chopsticks presents a 　　　　　　(threaten) environmental issue. ②Water is one of our most critical resources,but it is _____________ threat around the world. ③The wolf 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, so it began to step back slowly.  (动作描写)狼可能感觉到了周围人的威胁,所以它开始慢慢后退。threateningundermight feel the people’s threats around4.go down下降,落下;沉没;走下(某一处)佳句背诵　As the sun went down,there was a bar of red over the garden.(环境描写)随着太阳落山,花园上方出现了一道红色的光芒。go ahead　　　 开始做,着手干;先走;发生;进行go against违背;违反go by逝去;过去go over复习;仔细检查go up上升;增长;升起go for争取得到,努力获取;适用于go after追求,追逐,设法得到go through通过;经历,遭受;浏览;仔细检查以练促学　猜测词义/完成语段①Take it easy,and you can go through a wonderful experience.　　　　　　　 ②I make it a rule to 　　　　　　what I have learned before going to bed every day.The moment I determined not to 　　　　　　the rules of memory,I immediately 　　　　　　.With time 　　　　　　,my English grades 　　　　　　dramatically. 我规定自己每天睡觉前都要把学过的东西复习一遍。从我决定不违背记忆规则的那一刻起,我就开始行动了。随着时间的流逝,我的英语成绩大幅上升。经历go overgo againstwent aheadgoing bygo up5.consist of 包含,包括;由……组成佳句背诵　Entries should consist of an original piece of writing with 400 words or fewer. (通知,2024·九省联考)参赛作品应包含一篇不超过400字的原创文章。be made up of/be composed of 由……组成consist in=lie in　　　存在于;在于consist with与……一致/相吻合[点拨]　consist of、belong to、come into being、date back to、date from等几个短语都不能用于被动语态和进行时态。以练促学　单句语法填空/同义句转换①Recently, a newly-furnished section, 　　　　　　(consist) of eight Group Learning Rooms, has been open to us students in our school library.(2022·浙江6月卷) ②It is a fact that the beauty of Mount Tai consists 　　　　　　its charming scenery and rich culture. consistingin③Bear in mind that life is made up of not only sunshine but also storms.(主旨升华)→Bear in mind that life 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　not only sunshine but also storms. consists of/is composed ofA forest fire occurred when we were camping.A ranger claimed it was spreading fast and threatened our safety.Our group,consisting of five friends, panicked.But we stayed together and moved towards the river.Fortunately, the wind changed and the fire went down.We were relieved to be safe.1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思①Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot where the track curved (拐弯).After that,she tried to see if she could complete her first lap.(2024·浙江1月卷)　　　　　　　　　 ②When we arrived,we attempted to find a seat,but all the good seats had been grabbed.　　　　　　　 ③Your teaching experience will be a plus in this job.　　　　　　 n.(跑道等的)一圈v.抢占n.优势,长处2.选出shelter的汉语意思A.n.庇护处　B.n.居所　C.n.庇护,掩蔽　D.v.掩蔽　　E.v.躲避C①The solution,of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.(新高考Ⅰ卷)　　　 ②The sun beat down,so we sat in the shade,sheltering from the sun.　　　 E③Over the past few years,many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators.(2023·浙江1月卷)　　　 ④Food,clothing,fuel and shelter are the four most basic human needs.　　　 ⑤Trees were planted to shelter this area from strong sandstorms.　　　 ABD3.选出claim的汉语意思AA.v.声称　B.v.夺去(生命)　C.v.索赔 D.v.认领①It is claimed that the ocean is suffering serious pollution.It’s high time that we should devote ourselves to protecting it.　　　 ②The police said that if no one claimed the watch,you could keep it.　　　 ③Because the accident had not been her fault,Barbara was able to claim damages.　　　 ④It is reported that Hurricane Sandy has claimed thousands of lives.　　　 DCB句型公式:动词-ed形式作定语课本原句:One very hot summer,the sun reflected off it and melted cars parked below!一个非常炎热的夏天,太阳光反射过来,融化了停在下面的汽车!佳句背诵　The music festival,made up of two parts,will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music. (邀请信)音乐节由两部分组成,将使我们更多地了解中国民间音乐。(1)单个动词-ed形式及由动词-ed形式构成的复合形容词作定语时,通常置于被修饰词之前,但修饰代词时,需要置于被修饰词之后。动词-ed形式作定语要后置,放在被修饰词之后。(2)动词-ed形式作定语,相当于一个定语从句,但它比定语从句更简短。(3)一些不及物动词也有-ed形式,由于不及物动词不可以直接跟宾语,所以不及物动词的-ed形式作定语时只表示动作的完成,而没有被动意义。以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作①Last Sunday witnessed my participating in a meaningful activity ______________(name) “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” organized by the Students’ Union.(2023·浙江1月卷) ②The gardener is sweeping up 　　　　　　　　(fall) leaves in the park. ③There was a sudden burst of light 　　　　　　　　(follow) by a terrible noise. namedfallenfollowed④We lay on the grass, staring at the night sky____________________ _______________. (动作+环境描写)我们躺在草地上,凝视着被闪烁的星星点缀的夜空。spotted with twinklingstars关 键 能 力 考 查维度一　核心知识运用1.The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately 　　　　　　(consist) of things-in-themselves that are unknowable.(2024·北京卷) 2.I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an ________________ (announce).“Today at 1:10 there will be auditions (面试) for a musical.” (2024·北京卷) consistsannouncement3.Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the __________________(occur) of common diseases.(2022·北京卷) 4.The collapse was 　　　　　　　　(disaster), requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork.(2021·全国乙卷) 5.My fears appeared like dark storm clouds threatening __________________(drown) me. occurrencedisastrousto drown6.The government claimed 　　　　　　(provide) allowance for people who made great contributions to our country. 7.He rescued a boy 　　　　　　drowning,which deserves the respect of all the villagers. 8.Seeing the volcano 　　　　　　(erupt) in the distance,I had to admit I was scared to death by this vivid scene. to providefromeruption9.But they have yet 　　　　　　(convince) everyone,especially people living in the area. 10.Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be a ____________(rely) person whom others can rely 　　　　　　for help. to convincereliableon维度二　单句写作1.　　　　　　　　　　　 is of great importance to our eyes.(动词-ing形式短语作主语) 规律休息对我们的眼睛很重要。2.Last weekend, I took part in a social practice activity 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(动词-ed形式作定语) 上周末,我参加了当地一家慈善机构组织的社会实践活动。Taking regular breaksorganized by a local charity organization3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　,I’ll recommend you to choose the course about Chinese ancient poetry.(now that引导原因状语从句) 既然你征求我关于选修课的意见,我建议你选中国古诗词这门课。4.The news made me angry, but 　　　　　　　　　　　　.(省略)这条消息使我生气,却让约翰高兴。5.　　　　　　　　　　　,we participated in several instructive activities.(省略) 按照计划安排,我们参加了几个有指导意义的活动。Now that you ask for my advice on the selective courseJohn happyAs scheduled维度三　单元知识拾遗The sky 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　. Fear gripped her as thunder rumbled.Without hesitation, she 2.　　　　　　　　　　　  and 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,  her heart pounding like a wild drum.天空立刻变暗了。雷声隆隆,恐惧笼罩着她。她毫不犹豫地抓起外套,冲向旧避难所,她的心像狂野的鼓声一样砰砰直跳。darkened immediatelygrabbed her coatdashed towards the old shelter写 作 素 养 培 优Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(发言稿——如何应对自然灾害)假定你是李华, 你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“How to deal with natural disaster?”的分享与交流活动。请你写一篇发言稿,内容包括:(1)具体做法;(2)你的感想。根据提示,利用本单元所学知识完成应用文写作第一步　字斟句酌　优化表达①洪水、火山爆发、地震和海啸等自然灾害随时可能发生。(disaster, eruption, tsunami, occur)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Natural disasters,such as floods, volcanic eruptions,earthquakes and tsunamis,can occur at any time.②我们应该通过阅读自然灾害预防书籍来掌握丰富的自然灾害知识。(look through)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ③当自然灾害真的发生时,我们应该保护我们的财产,确保我们有足够的食物、水、药品等。(property,分词短语作状语,sufficient)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 We should master rich knowledge of natural disasters by looking through books about natural disaster prevention.When natural disasters really occur, we should protect our property, making sure we have sufficient food, water,medicine and so on.④我们应该保持冷静,努力拯救自己,去营救别人。(rescue)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ⑤只有这样,我们才能最终战胜自然灾害。(“only+状语”位于句首的倒装)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 We should keep calm and try to save ourselves and go to rescue others.Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end.第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇)Hello, everyone!Natural disasters,such as floods, volcanic eruptions,earthquakes and tsunamis,can occur at any time.First of all,we should master rich knowledge of natural disasters by looking through books about natural disaster prevention.Secondly,when natural disasters really occur, we should protect our property,making sure we have sufficient food, water,medicine and so on.Besides,we should keep calm and try to save ourselves and go to rescue others.Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end.Thank you!Ⅱ.话题下的续写能力提升1.续写语料积累2.场景片段训练(历险脱困:求救→被丈夫找到→冰释前嫌)It was daybreak when Jane woke up.①　　　　　　　　(倒装),she struggled to her feet,continuing searching for assistance.To her great joy,②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　. ③　　　　　　　　(形容词作状语), she waved her yellow blouse and spared no effort to yell so as to attract others’ attention. Fortunately,④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　. Weak as she wasa helicopter was flying overhead again and againEager and excitedshe was eventually noticed and brought into the helicopterThere,she saw her husband,a man staring at her,⑤________________　　　　　　　　　 (动词-ing形式作状语).As tightly as possible, she hugged him and was too thrilled to say anything.Besides, they agreed never to quarrel again,⑥　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　(形容词短语作状语). wearing anexpression of reliefdetermined to live the life to the fullest简醒来时天已破晓。虽然她很虚弱,但她挣扎着站起来,继续寻求帮助。令她非常高兴的是,一架直升机一次又一次地从头顶飞过。她急切而兴奋地挥动着她的黄色上衣,并不遗余力地大喊大叫,以引起别人的注意。幸运的是,她最终被发现并被带到直升机上。在那里,她看到了她的丈夫,一个盯着她的男人,脸上带着如释重负的表情。她紧紧地抱住他,激动得说不出话来。此外,他们同意不再吵架,决定过最充实的生活。课 时 作 业Ⅰ.阅读理解※Brown Girl DreamingBy Jacqueline WoodsonAs a winner of the National Book Award,the Coretta Scott King Award,and a Newberry Honor Book,in her book,Brown Girl Dreaming,the author uses poetry to tell her true story of growing up as a black woman in the 1960s and 1970s. Woodson’s beautiful language explores big ideas while describing her family,her growing awareness of race and the civil rights movement,and her life in South Carolina and New York City.※When You Were EverythingBy Ashley WoodfolkCleo and Layla have been best friends for years.But in their second year of middle school,everything changes.Layla starts hanging out with her new friends,and the two girls’ friendship slowly ends.Cleo is still trying to make sense of what happened as she tries to make new friends.Told across two timelines,Cleo’s story of sadness surrounding a lost friendship will be relevant for many 8th graders trying to deal with past middle school friend drama and looking forward to high school.※The Hound of the BaskervillesBy Arthur Conan DoyleThe famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Watson set out to look into a new case in Dartmoor,England. A man is dead,with many dog paw prints leading to his body. Holmes and Watson arrive in Dartmoor to find several unexplainable events and clues.Together,they start to figure out a puzzle that has defined mystery and detective fiction ever since.※The HobbitBy J.R.R.TolkienThis story is an opener to the longer and more challenging The Lord of the Rings trilogy.It’s an adventure story set in a fantasy world.With dwarves (小矮人),hobbits,sword fights,wizards and dragons,the book’s plot and humor have stood the test of time.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本图书。1.How is Brown Girl Dreaming different from the other books?A.It focuses on city life.B.It uses clear language.C.It has won many awards.D.It tells humorous stories.√解析　细节理解题。根据Brown Girl Dreaming部分中的“As a winner of the National Book Award,the Coretta Scott King Award,and a Newberry Honor Book”并结合对其他书的介绍可知,Brown Girl Dreaming和其他书的区别在于这本书获得了许多奖项。故选C。2.What is When You Were Everything mainly about?A.Friendship and growth.B.Lost love and gained hope.C.Learning to be more independent.D.Dealing with pressure from schoolwork.√解析　细节理解题。根据When You Were Everything部分中的“best friends for years...the two girls’ friendship slowly ends...surrounding a lost friendship”和“deal with past middle school friend drama and looking forward to high school”可知,When You Were Everything这本书主要是关于友谊和成长的。故选A。3.Which book suits whoever wants to read about adventures?A.The Hobbit.B.Brown Girl Dreaming.C.When You Were Everything.D.The Hound of the Baskervilles.√解析　细节理解题。根据The Hobbit部分中的“It’s an adventure story set in a fantasy world.”可知,The Hobbit适合那些对冒险故事感兴趣的读者。故选A。For the past 8 years,K-9 Officer Roni has been by the side of Officer Joel Nitchman of the Deer Park Police Department. They’ve been through a lot together,and the cop (警察) thinks of the dog as a member of his own family. Recently,the team had just returned to the station when an EF-3 tornado suddenly formed nearby.The wind picked up fast. Remembering Roni was still inside his cage in the patrol car,Joel didn’t think twice about rushing outside into the storm to get his partner.“The thought of ruins or the car flipping over... I couldn’t do that to him,” said Joel. “I couldn’t have him out there during that.” He felt debris (碎片) hitting his face as he headed into the wind,and he knew the situation was worsening with every passing second.Conditions worsened even further when Joel made it around to the other side of the car. The wind and rain were so strong that he couldn’t get the door open. When he finally opened it,Roni refused to move. “I could barely open his door,” Joel said. “When I did,he’s a smart dog,he saw what was going on outside and he said he was not coming out.” With a lot of coaxing (劝诱),Roni finally followed his partner out of the car,and Joel was able to lead him by the collar back into the safety of the station.“Never been through anything like this before,” Joel said of the frightening event. Now that the danger has passed,he feels even closer to his K-9 partner,and he’d do it all over again,if he had to. “I love that dog,” he explained. “He’s a part of our family.We can’t leave a loved one like that. There’s no way I was going to leave him like that.”Well done,officer! It’s nice to know that these cops have each other’s backs through thick and thin.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了警察Joel和他的警犬搭档Roni共同经历龙卷风的故事。4.What is the relationship between Roni and Joel like?A.Plain.B.Distant.C.Terrible.D.Inseparable.√解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For the past 8 years,K-9 Officer Roni has been by the side of Officer Joel Nitchman...the cop (警察) thinks of the dog as a member of his own family.”可知,Joel和Roni形影不离,Joel把Roni当作自己的家人看待,由此可知他们的关系很亲密,密不可分。故选D。5.Why did Joel rush out despite the coming disaster?A.Roni was still on duty outside.B.He attempted to get inside the car.C.He went to rescue Roni stuck in the car.D.He wanted to learn more about the tornado.√解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Remembering Roni was...to get his partner.”可知,Joel冲出去是为了把还在巡逻车的笼子里的Roni带出来,即为了营救被困在车里的Roni。故选C。6.What is the most unexpected difficulty during the rescue of Roni?A.Lack of official help.B.Roni’s fear of the danger.C.The poor quality of the door.D.The unsafe situation of the station.√解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he knew the situation was worsening with every passing second”可知,Joel对当时的天气等客观情况是了解的;再由第三段中的“When he finally opened it,Roni refused to move.”和“he said he was not coming out”可知,Roni看到了车外糟糕的天气,害怕得不敢出来。由此可知,在救Roni的过程中,Joel没有预料到的困难是Roni对车外的危险的恐惧。7.How does the experience influence Roni and Joel?A.They are more attached to each other.B.They are now living closer to each other.C.They have more loved ones in their lives.D.They are more independent of each other.√解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Now that the danger has passed,he feels even closer to his K-9 partner”可知,这段经历过后,Roni和Joel比以前更亲密了。故选A。On August 21, 1986, a man making his way to Nyos, a village near a lake in northwest Cameroon, found dozens of dead animals along the road. He called into a home to see if the residents knew what had happened. Instead of getting answers, the man discovered that everyone in the village was dead, though they seemed otherwise unharmed.Within days, officials confirmed that more than 1,700 people had died, along with several thousand animals. The strange and tragic event seemed similar to one that occurred at Lake Monoun two years earlier, just 60 miles to the south, where villagers found 37 people and many animals dead along its shores.Initially, authorities were confused about the cause. Witnesses reported hearing strange sounds and seeing a sudden rise of white cloud from the lake, which quickly disappeared. Fortunately, the disaster caught the world’s attention. Scientists from around the globe gathered in Nyos to investigate. Because Lake Nyos sits on an inactive volcano, their first theory was that the volcano had erupted and sent poisonous gases into the air. After further research, however, they found the cause was much more unusual. The deadly events were called limnic (湖泊的) eruptions.Although deadly and terrifying, limnic eruptions are extremely unlikely. They occur when dissolved (溶解的) carbon dioxide (CO2) suddenly erupts from the deep waters of a lake, forming a deadly gas cloud above the surface. Because carbon dioxide is heavier than air, the cloud will sink toward the ground, killing wildlife, livestock and humans.Carbon dioxide dissolves more easily in the deep, cold parts of lakes. As a result, the bottom of deep lake can have very high levels of carbon dioxide, while the levels decrease towards the lake’s surface, and the pressure at the bottom builds and builds. Any changes in pressure can set off the rapid and forceful release of the accumulated carbon dioxide, causing an eruption.It’s unclear what caused the lakes to explode, but considering they’re near the Oku Volcanic Field, it’s possible that an earthquake or a small volcanic eruption occurred before each disaster.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了喀麦隆西北部湖泊附近的尼奥斯村和莫农湖附近发生的生物无端大规模死亡的灾难性事件,并解释了其发生原因——湖泊喷发时产生的高浓度的二氧化碳杀死了人和动植物。8.Why are the numbers mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To arouse the empathy of the readers.B.To display the destructive effect of the events.C.To prove the necessity of preparing for disasters.D.To highlight the difficulty looking into the cause.√解析　推理判断题。由第一段可知,某村发生了动植物大量死亡的灾难性事件,而第二段则用具体数字展示了这些事件的破坏性影响。故选B项。9.What is to blame for the mass deaths in Nyos?A.High concentrations of CO2.B.The great power of the lake explosion.C.Poisonous gases from a volcano eruption.D.The lake water flooding the nearby villages.√解析　细节理解题。由第三段中的“After further research, however, they found...called limnic (湖泊的) eruptions. ”和第四段中的“They occur when dissolved (溶解的)...killing wildlife, livestock and humans.”可知,尼奥斯的大规模死亡应该归咎于湖泊喷发时产生的高浓度的二氧化碳。故选A项。10.Which may have nothing to do with limnic eruptions?A.An earthquake.B.Dissolved carbon dioxide.C.Great pressure differences.D.Warm environments.√解析　细节理解题。由倒数第二段和最后一段可知,高含量的二氧化碳、巨大的压力差和地震都有可能导致湖泊喷发。故选D项。11.Where is the text probably taken from?A.A charity poster.B.A biography.C.A science magazine.D.A cultural website.√解析　文章出处题。通读全文可知,文章讲述了喀麦隆西北部湖泊附近的尼奥斯村和莫农湖附近发生的生物无端大规模死亡的灾难性事件,并解释了其发生原因——湖泊喷发时产生的高浓度的二氧化碳杀死了人和动植物。本文属于科普知识一类,因此文章可能出自“一本科学杂志”。故选C项。Ⅱ.七选五Tai Chi,a gentle martial art originating in China and involving slow movements with a focus on breathing and on what your body is doing in that moment,provides numerous benefits for both physical and mental well-being.Here are five convincing reasons to bring Tai Chi into your routine.•It’s easy on the body.Tai Chi offers gentle exercise suitable for individuals of all ages and fitness levels.　1　,as muscles remain relaxed without any stretching or straining.It’s an exercise that can be easily adapted for less able people,including those in wheelchairs. •It could prevent falls.A review of studies conducted in 2019 indicated that Tai Chi could lower the risk of falls among older people.Certainly,the emphasis is on balance,with sideways and backwards movements aiding in the strengthening of the muscles necessary for stability.　2　. •It may boost brain power.　3　. Research shows that practicing Tai Chi on a regular basis can enhance cognitive abilities in older adults,both those with and without memory issues.Given that it’s considered safe and suitable for the elderly,this is a definite win. •　4　. A reduction in stress and anxiety,along with an increase in confidence,is another mental health benefit of Tai Chi,as indicated by research findings,though further research is needed to comprehensively understand and confirm these effects.•You can do it at home.Attending classes can be beneficial for receiving structured instruction and connecting with like-minded individuals.　5　,providing an alternative for practicing at home.You’re bound to find one that matches your fitness level and exercise preferences.Practicing Tai Chi at home can also offer unparalleled convenience and flexibility. A.It has the feel-good factorB.It can improve heart healthC.The benefits aren’t just physicalD.But there are videos available online tooE.It can also improve flexibility and spatial awarenessF.Its low-impact nature minimizes the risk of joint injuryG.You can share experiences with these people face-to-face【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太极拳的五个好处。1.F　[段中句设空主要从上下文的衔接入手。空后半句提到“因为肌肉在没有拉伸或绷紧的情况下保持放松”,这是对空处内容的解释。根据小标题“它对于身体而言易于适应”和空前的“太极是一种温和的训练”可知,空处应该与太极拳舒缓的运动特点有关。故F项“它的低冲击特性最大程度地降低了关节损伤的风险”符合语境。选项中的Its是上文Tai Chi的形容词性物主代词。]技巧点拨:抓逻辑关系标志词,迅速解决句子回填本空是半句话设空,理解空后as引导的原因状语从句是解答本题的关键。同学们应该根据as这一关键词抓住空处与空后分句之间的逻辑关系,然后结合段落小标题和空前内容进行正确作答。本题提醒同学们在做七选五的段中设空时,一定要注意体现句间逻辑关系的标志词句,如as、that is to say等。2.E　[根据小标题“它可以防止摔倒”以及空前提到的“(太极拳的)重点在于平衡,其侧身和后向的动作有助于加强稳定性所需的肌肉”可知,空处应该进一步说明练太极拳可以防止摔倒的原因,所以E项“它还可以提高灵活性和空间意识”符合语境。E项中的It指代上文的Tai Chi。]3.C　[分析语篇结构,并结合本段对应小标题“太极拳可以提升脑力”可知,文章给出的练太极拳的五个原因中,前两个是身体方面的好处,而第三个开始介绍它其他方面的优点。所以C项“好处不仅限于身体上的”呼应上文和本段小标题,并且与下文中的“提升老年人的认知能力”衔接紧密。]4.A　[段落主旨句。下文提到“太极拳的另一个对心理健康的益处是减轻压力和焦虑并增加信心”,所以此处小标题应是点明太极拳对心理产生的影响。A项“它有让人们感觉良好的因素”和心理健康相呼应。]5.D　[本段第一句提到练习太极拳可以去参加线下课程。结合段落小标题“你可以在家练太极拳”可知,本段主要讲如何可以在家练习太极拳。D项“但网上也有视频可供观看”,即不需要参加线下课程,在家也可以通过网上视频进行练习,契合本段小标题,与上文内容形成转折关系。]