【03-暑假培优练】专题03 定语从句之关系代词的用法 (教师版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)

这是一份【03-暑假培优练】专题03 定语从句之关系代词的用法 (教师版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)，共23页。试卷主要包含了关系代词的基本用法，关系代词的特定用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
内容早知道
☛第一层 巩固提升练
考点一 关系代词的基本用法
考点二 关系代词的特定用法
☛第二层 能力培优练
☛第三层 拓展突破练
☛第四层 高考真题练
关系代词的基本用法
【知识积累·练前热身】
定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/wh/whse/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。
1.概念
定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
（1）先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
（2）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
（3）关系词的作用：
A. 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
B. 指代先行词；
C. 必在从句中作某个句子成份。
2.分类
（1）限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。
He is a teacher wh wrks at ur schl.
（2）非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)
Beijing, which is the capital f China, is a beautiful city with a lng histry.
3.关系代词
关系词
指代人或物
充当的成分
是否可省略
关系
代词
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
作宾语可省
which
物或主句内容
主语、宾语
作宾语可省
wh
人
主语、宾语
作宾语可省
whm
人
宾语
可省
whse
人或物
定语
不可省
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
不可省
1．The club ________ members are music fans meet in the schl garden every Saturday.
【答案】whse
【详解】句意：这个俱乐部的成员是音乐迷，每个星期六都会在学校的花园里聚会。
考查定语从句。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为club，关系代词whse引导从句，在从句中修饰名词members，作定语，故填whse。
2．On scial media sites, peple tend t pst nly gd updates ______ will make them appear happy and friendly.
【答案】which / that
【详解】句意：在社交媒体网站上，人们倾向于只发布让自己看起来快乐友好的积极消息。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是gd updates，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用which或that引导。故填which/that。
3．The tw pupils _________ yu taught three years ag have becme tractr drivers.
【答案】wh / whm / that / 不填
【详解】句意：你三年前教过的两个学生都成了拖拉机司机。
考查定语从句。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是pupils，指人，关系词在句中作宾语，应用关系代词wh、whm或that引导，也可以不填。故填wh/whm/that/不填。
4．The dgs were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring fr these animals.
【答案】wh / that
【详解】句意：这些狗受到主人的良好训练，主人在照顾这些动物方面有着丰富的经验。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构，此句为定语从句。先行词masters在从句作主语，指人用关系代词that或wh引导。故填wh/that。
5．We were frightened and even shcked by the news ________he brught us.
【答案】that / which / 不填
【详解】句意：我们被他带给我们的消息吓坏了，甚至震惊了。
考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词news，先行词在从句中充当宾语，指物，故用关系代词that或which，也可以不填。故填that/which/不填。
6．I am ging t meet Tm ___________ they say is a gd by.
【答案】wh / that
【详解】句意：我要去接他们说是一个好的男孩的Tm。
考查定语从句。先行词是Tm，定语从句中缺少主语，they say是从句中的插入语，故应使用wh/that引导。故填wh/that。
7．The city was attacked by such terrible weather few citizens had ever experienced befre.
【答案】as
【详解】句意：这座城市遭受了极少市民经历过的恶劣天气的袭击。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，“few citizens had ever experienced befre”是定语从句，修饰先行词terrible weather，又因先行词前有副词such修饰，只能用特殊关系代词as引导该定语从句。故填as。
8．There is a lake near ur schlyard ________ depth is beynd yur expectatin.
【答案】whse
【详解】句意：我们学校附近有一个湖，它的深度超出你的预料。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空所在句 ________ depth is beynd yur expectatin用于修饰前面的名词lake，所以这是一个限定性定语从句，lake是先行词；根据句意可知，定语从句与先行词之间是从属关系，表示“谁的”，应用关系代词whse引导。故填whse。
9．Quan Hngchan is an utstanding athlete________was awarded May Furth Medal.
【答案】that / wh
【详解】句意：全红婵是一位杰出的运动员，曾获五四奖章。
考查定语从句。此处是限定性定语从句，athlete为先行词，作定语从句的主语，应用关系代词that或wh引导。故填that或wh。
10．Running Man, is such funny reality shw has the gravity t pull yu in frnt f yur televisin.
【答案】as
【详解】本题考查定语从句关系词。句意：《奔跑吧兄弟》是如此有趣的真人秀节目，好像有引力把你拉到电视机前。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，从句是定语从句，修饰先行词reality shw，且先行词前有such修饰，只能用特殊关系代词as引导该定语从句。故填as。
关系代词的特定用法
【知识积累·练前热身】
1.只用that做关系代词
（1）当先行词是anything, everything, nthing, smething, nne, all, the ne等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, sme, n, little, few, much等代词修饰时；
Tell us everything that yu knw, please.请告诉我你知道的事。
I’ve read all the bks that yu gave me.我已经读了你给我的所有的书。
（2）当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the nly、the very、the last、the same等修饰时；
This is the lngest bridge that I have ever seen.这是我看到过的最长的桥。
The first place that they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
This is the nly thing that we can d nw.这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。
（3）先行词既包括人又包括物。
He talked abut the teachers and schls that he had visited.他谈论他曾经拜访过的老师和学校。
（4）当先行词前面有wh, which等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用that。
Wh is the man that came this mrning?谁是今天早上来的人？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me mst?最适合我的T恤是那件？
2.只用which做关系代词
（1）引导非限定性定语从句时，先行词指物或整个句子，只用which而不用that。
The fish, which I bught this mrning, is very fresh. 我今天早上买的鱼很新鲜。
（2）在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构，只用which而不用that。
I was put in a psitinin which I had t accept I was less imprtant.我被置于一个要被迫接受低人一等现实的境地。
（3）在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，为避免重复，其中一句的关系词是that，那么另一句的关系词就需用which
Let me shw yu the nvelthat I brrwed frm the library which was newly pen.让我给你如果有看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。
3.只用wh做关系代词
（1）当定语从句的先行词是ne, nes, anyne, thse等指人的不定代词，只能用wh引导。
Anyne wh des that must be mad. 那样做的人一定是疯了。
（1）在there be结构中，先行词是人时，且作主语，只用wh。
There is a yung man wh wants t see yu.有一个年轻人相见你。
（2）为了避免重复或引起歧义，有两个定语从句时，一个用that，另一个用wh。
The man that spke at the meeting is ur new headmaster wh has just cme frm Shanghai. 那个在会上讲话的人是我们的新校长，他来自上海。
（3）当先行词是I, yu, he, they时（常用于谚语之中），只用wh。
He wh plays with fire gets burned.玩火自焚。
1．Whatever ur hbbies, the Internet can cnnect us with thse ________ als enjy ding them, even if they live n the ther side f the wrld.
【答案】wh
【详解】句意：无论我们的爱好是什么，互联网都能将我们与那些同样喜欢做这些的人联系起来，即使他们生活在世界的另一端。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构和意思可知， als enjy ding them是定语从句，先行词是thse，指人，在从句中作主语，通常用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
2．She wuld d anything______ culd help her mther recver frm the disease.
【答案】that
【详解】句意：她愿意做任何能帮助她母亲从疾病中恢复的事。
考查定语从句。此处是限定性定语从句，anything为先行词，作定语从句的主语，关系代词只能为that。故填that。
3．I have fund the very shp __________ has everything we need.
【答案】that
【详解】句意：我已经找到了那家商店，那里有我们需要的一切东西。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，shp是先行词，the very修饰先行词时关系词只能用that。故填that。
4．He talked a lt abut things and persns ________ he remembered in the schl.
【答案】that
【详解】句意：他讲了很多他记得在学校里的人和事。
考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词things and persns ，在从句中作宾语。当先行词既有人又有物的时候，关系代词只能使用that。故填that。
5．This is the best factry ________ prduces famus bikes.
【答案】that
【详解】句意：这是最好的一家生产名牌自行车的工厂。
考查定语从句。先行词factry被形容词的最高级the best修饰，且关系词在从句中做主语，故应用that引导定语从句。故填that。
6．Later, she studied Chinese medicine with experts in the field frm she gained a deep knwledge abut traditnal practices.
【答案】whm
【详解】句意：后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习中医，并从他们那里获得了关于传统做法的深刻知识。
考查定语从句。此处为构成“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词是experts，指人，关系代词应用whm。故填whm。
7.The teacher was satisfied with all the hmewrk____had been finished by us.
【答案】that
【解析】句意：老师对我们完成的所有作业都很满意。
考查定语从句。这是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是hmewrk，指物，前面有all修饰，在从句中作主语用that。故填that。
8．Guilin is ne f the mst beautiful cities ________ I have ever visited.
【答案】that
【详解】句意：桂林是我去过的最美丽的城市之一。
考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是ne f the mst beautiful cities指物，从句中缺少宾语，且先行词被the mst修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
9．Accrding t a study at the University f Iwa named In ne ear and ut the ther, a grup f students participated in tw experiments in ________ they listened t sunds, lked at images and held bjects.
【答案】which
【解析】
句意：根据爱荷华大学一项名为“一只耳朵进另一只耳朵出”的研究，一组学生参加了两个实验，他们分别听声音、看图像和拿着物体。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是experiments，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
10．An eagle flew ver the snw-caped muntains, _________were reflected in the still lake belw.
【答案】which
【解析】
句意：一只老鹰飞过白雪皑皑的群山，群山倒映在下面平静的湖面上。
考查非限定性定语从句。分析句子可知，此处包含一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为muntains，指物，从句缺少主语，所以此处应用关系代词which，代替先行词，引导该从句，故填which。
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
When yu are chsing a cllege, a lt f factrs will prbably play int yur decisin: the schl’s reputatin, the classes ffered and the prfessr in yur majr, t name a few. Hwever, given the ever-increasing cmpetitiveness f universities t attract mre and mre applicants, many schls nw ffer extra benefits t be enjyed by all their students. Here are sme f the fun “extras” ffered by the schl.
Michigan Technlgical University
Taking advantage f the cld winter weather, Michigan Technlgical University sets itself apart with its n-campus ski resrt, Mnt Ripley, which is accessible and free fr all students. Instead f hitting the campus gym, yu'll be able t get yur exercise utside n the slpes. When the pressure f schl becme t much, just head ut fr a day f free skiing and yu'll be left feeling fully refreshed.
University f Missuri
At the University f Missuri, yu can enjy ne f the best campus recreatinal centers in the cuntry. It features an “indr beach" cmplete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as an inexpensive full-service spa. Even if yu dn't enjy wrking ut, Missuri's recreatinal center will give yu a reasn t g t the gym.
New Yrk University
If yu're a fan f museum, NYU is the perfect university fr yu. Nt nly will yu be lcated in the heart f a city featuring sme f the best museums in the wrld, but the university will prvide yu with access t many f them. Yu can take advantage f visiting museums anytime yu want — which means yu'll never be bred n the weekends.High Pint University
If yu see yurself quickly tired f dining-hall fd — smething that happens t almst all f us — High Pint University has a great ptin: a private steakhuse fr students. Besides the cheap steaks, the campus als ffers ice cream frm a campus ice-cream truck, a mvie theater and a shpping center.
1. Wh is the text intended fr?
A. The general public.B. Cllege freshmen.
C. Educatinal experts.D. High schl students.
2. Which university can ffer students free service?
A. Michigan Technlgical University.B. University f Missuri.
C. New Yrk University.D. High Pint University.
3. Why d these universities ffer such fun “extras” ?
A. T make the campus life mre clrful.
B. T draw mre students’ interest in schls.
C. T imprve students’ academic perfrmance.
D. T prmte the cperatin amng universities.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述几所大学的优势。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When yu are chsing a cllege, a lt f factrs will prbably play int yur decisin”（当你选择大学时，很多因素会影响你的决定。）可知，这里的“你”是指要选择上那所大学的高中生。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Michigan Technlgical University部分“Taking advantage f the cld winter weather, Michigan Technlgical University sets itself apart with its n-campus ski resrt, Mnt Ripley, which is accessible and free fr all students.”（利用冬天寒冷天气的优势，密歇根理工大学用它的校园滑雪胜地瑞普利山让自己和其他学校区分开，这座山对所有学生免费开放。）可知，密歇根理工大学提供免费的服务。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Hwever, given the ever-increasing cmpetitiveness f universities t attract mre and mre applicants, many schls nw ffer extra benefits t be enjyed by all their students.”（然而，考虑到各个大学为了吸引越来越多的学生而不断上升的竞争力，许多学校现在提供额外的好处给所有学生享受。）可知，各个学校提供额外的服务是为了吸引到更多的学生去那里上学。故选B。
B
Frm the day a persn pens his r her eye in this wrld t the pint when success surrunds them, curisity is smething that never leaves their sides. It stays with them and instills (灌输) in them a sense f explratin; it pushes them t take risks, and uncver the hidden mystery. It is a pwerful quality as it helps peple develp an understanding f different aspects f the wrld.
Many parents get annyed when their children ask t many questins. They d nt realize that by nt respnding (回应) t the questins and curisity f these little nes, it might take away their chances t learn new things. Learning is every individual’s right, and n ne can take away ne’s eagerness t explre, discver, and learn new things.
The frmer president f the United States, Rsevelt, nce said, “I think, at a child’s birth if a mther culd ask a fairy gdmther t give it the mst useful gift, that gift wuld be curisity.” If a child asks t many questins ut f curisity, parents must answer the questins with patience. The way they respnd will determine(决定) whether a child grws up t be a smart learner and an explrer r nt.
While sme parents take these matters lightly, there are sme wh attend t the needs f their yung nes’ hunger t learn smartly. Regina, a life cach and public speaker, instead f lsing her calm n her daughter’s nature t frequently questin everything, she tried t respnd t her daughter with lve and affectin (关爱). Nt nly did she answer all her daughter’s questins, but she started thinking f ther curius kids ut there wh were eager t discver the hidden secrets f this wrld.
4. What will happen if children get n respnse t their questins?
A. They’ll be less patient.
B. They’ll learn mre smartly.
C. They’ll likely take adventures.
D. They’ll lse pprtunities t learn new things.
5. Why des the authr mentin President Rsevelt’s wrds?
A. T shw children are gifted.
B. T state patience is necessary.
C. T stress curisity is imprtant.
D. T suggest parents be understanding.
6. What des the underlined phrase “attend t” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Take care fB. Give way t
C. Get tired fD. Make use f
7.What will be mst prbably talked abut in the fllwing part f the passage?
A. Regina became a life cachB. Regina explred new things.
C. Regina helped ther curius kids.D. Regina answered her daughter’s questins.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了孩子的好奇心是孩子学习的机会，家长一定要满足孩子的好奇心。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They d nt realize that by nt respnding (回应) t the questins and curisity f these little nes, it might take away their chances t learn new things. (他们没有意识到，如果不回应这些孩子的问题和好奇心，可能会剥夺他们学习新事物的机会。)”可知，如果孩子们的问题得不到回答，他们将失去学习新事物的机会，故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The frmer president f the United States, Rsevelt, nce said, “I think, at a child’s birth if a mther culd ask a fairy gdmther t give it the mst useful gift, that gift wuld be curisity.” If a child asks t many questins ut f curisity, parents must answer the questins with patience. The way they respnd will determine whether a child grws up t be a smart learner and an explrer r nt. (美国前总统罗斯福曾经说过：‘我认为，在孩子出生时，如果一位母亲能要求仙女教母给他最有用的礼物，那礼物就是好奇心。’如果孩子出于好奇问了太多的问题，父母必须耐心地回答。他们的反应方式将决定一个孩子长大后是否能成为一个聪明的学习者和探索者。)”可知，作者提到罗斯福总统的话是为了强调好奇心对于孩子未来的重要性，故选C项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“While sme parents take these matters lightly, there are sme wh attend t the needs f their yung nes’ hunger t learn smartly. (虽然有些父母对这些事情不以为然，但也有一些父母attend t他们孩子渴望聪明学习的需求。)”，根据句子结构可知，前后两句形成对比，划线词与take these matters lightly相反，在此句中，attend t意为“关注并处理、照顾某人的需求”，与Take care f意思相近。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Nt nly did she answer all her daughter's questins, but she started thinking f ther curius kids ut there wh were eager t discver the hidden secrets f this wrld. (她不仅回答了女儿的所有问题，而且开始想到其他好奇的孩子，他们渴望发现这个世界的隐藏秘密。)”可知，文章的下一部分最有可能讨论雷吉娜帮助了其他好奇的孩子，故选C项。
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
The crnavirus pandemic(冠状病毒流行) influencing ur wrld has shwn us that kindness is mre imprtant than befre. It’s als taught us sme____1____lessns abut respnsibility and genersity.
David is nly 13 years ld, but he’s already spent the past seven years f his life____2____his cmmunity. Since the deadly crnavirus____3____ in his city, he’s been getting ver 5,000 masks, fd, clthing and____4____fr thers. The teen’s determinatin t d gd fr thers cmes frm being supprted in sme____5____f his wn: David was brn with arms that are different frm mst thers.____6____his disability, his family has been encuraging him all the way in his____7____effrts, and he has been cllecting ____8____fr peple in need since the age f six. When____9____hw lng he planned t keep helping thers, he said, “Prbably the_____10_____f my life.” Once David helped find a htel fr a_____11_____ld man t stay in, the ld man nly had ne sentence t_____12_____his new friend. “He’s an angel, ”he said_____13_____.
Kindness is like spreading hugs arund the wrld t thse wh need it. The_____14_____culd be smething small, but eventually, make a_____15_____difference t the persn receiving it.
1. A. previusB. persnalC. wrthwhileD. virtual
2. A. establishingB. servingC. bserving D. advertising
3. A. slwdwnB. fall dwnC. g ut D. brke ut
4. A. albumsB. detailsC. awardsD. shelters
5. A. challengesB. defencesC. mistakesD. crashes
6. A. Rather thanB. DespiteC. Accrding tD. Besides
7. A. selflessB. specialC. legalD. extra
8. A. stampsB. evidenceC. dataD. supplies
9. A. greetedB. tldC. asked D. reminded
10. A. beginningB. restC. endD. middle
11. A. kindB. pwerfulC. hmelessD. calm
12. A. impressB. describeC. attractD. admire
13. A. prfessinallyB. eagerlyC. thankfully D. gracefully
14. A. chancesB. plansC. lssesD. acts
15. A. greatB. littleC. creativeD. limited
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. B
11. C 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了主人公David尽管身体残疾，但他一直努力帮助需要帮助的人。新冠病毒爆发以来，他一直都在收集物资，为所在的社区服务，尽自己的一份责任。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它还教会了我们一些关于责任和慷慨的有价值的课程。A. previus以前的；B persnal私人的，个人的；C. wrthwhile有价值的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据后文“abut respnsibility and genersity”可知新冠也教会了我们关于责任和宽容有价值的课程。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动名词词义辨析。句意：David只有13岁，但他已经在过去的七年里为他的社区服务。A. establishing建立；B. serving服务；C. bserving观察；D. advertising广告。根据后文“Since the deadly crnavirus ____3____ in his city, he’s been getting ver 5,000 masks, fd, clthing and ____4____ fr thers.”可知小男孩为社区服务。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：自从他所在的城市爆发致命的冠状病毒以来，他已经为其他人募集了5000多个口罩、食物、衣服和避难所。A. slw dwn慢下来；B. fall dwn跌倒，倒塌下来；C. g ut出去；D. brke ut爆发。根据前文“The crnavirus pandemic(冠状病毒流行) influencing ur wrld has shwn us that kindness is mre imprtant than befre.”可知新冠的爆发应使用固定短语break ut。故选D项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. albums专辑；B. details细节；C. awards奖品；D. shelters避难处。根据上文中的crnavirus和masks，fd，clthing可知，此空应填与救济、抗疫物资相关的选项，应该是shelters。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个青少年为他人做好事的决心来自于在灾难崩溃之际受到帮助。A. challenges挑战；B. defences防御；C. mistakes错误；D. crashes崩溃。根据后文的“David was brn with arms that are different frm mst thers. ____6____ his disability, his family has been encuraging him all the way in his ____7____ effrts”可知David身体有残疾，他帮助别人的决心源于自己在灾难崩溃之际也受到帮助。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查介词以及介词短语辨析。句意：尽管David生来残疾，但是他的家人在他格外努力时一直不断地鼓励他。A. Rather than而不是；B. Despite尽管；C. Accrding t根据；D. Besides除了。根据句意，可知此处意为“尽管”表示让步关系。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. selfless无私的；B. special特别的；C. legal法定的，合法的；D. extra额外的，分外的，格外的。根据后文“and he has been cllecting ____8____ fr peple in need since the age f six.”可知虽然身有残疾 还是会帮助有需要的人，此处强调David格外努力克服困难。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从六岁起就一直在为有需要的人收集物资。A. stamps邮票；B. evidence证据；C. data数据；D. supplies日用物资。根据后文“fr peple in need”可知人们需要的东西是日常供给。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他计划帮助别人多久时，他说：“可能是我的余生。”A. greeted问候；B. tld告诉；C. asked问；D. reminded提醒。根据后文“hw lng he planned t keep helping thers”可知此处意为“被问及”。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. beginning开始；B. rest剩余部分；C. end最后部分；D. middle中间。David愿以余生为他人奉献，the rest f my life意为“余生”。故选B项。
【11题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一次David帮一位无家可归的老人找了一家酒店住。A. kind善良的；B. pwerful有权力的；C. hmeless无家可归的；D. calm平静的。根据前文“David helped find a htel”可知这位老人是没有家的。故选C项。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位老人对他的新朋友只有一句话。A. impress使印象深刻；B. describe描述；C. attract吸引；D. admire崇拜。根据后文“He’s an angel”可知这是老人对David的描述。故选B项。
【13题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：老人心怀感激感地说。A. prfessinally职业性地；B. eagerly热切地，渴望地；C. thankfully感激地；D. gracefully优雅地。David为一位无家可归的老人安排了旅馆居住，所以老人心怀感激感地评价David为天使。故选C项。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些行为可能是小事，但最终会对接受的人产生巨大的影响。A. chances机会；B. plans计划；C. lsses损失；D. acts行为。根据句意，善行虽小，影响却很大，这里指David的善行。故选D项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. great伟大的；B. little小的；C. creative有创造力的；D. limited受限制的。根据前面small和but可知，此处填small的反义词great，意为“善行虽小，但对受助者影响很大”。故选A项。
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Age has never been a prblem fr Thessalnika Arzu-Embry. After all, she’s already gt her master’s degree.
The Nrth Chicag-area girl started hmeschling at the age f 4. She began having an influence n thers sn after. When she was 6 years ld, she was an inspiratinal (鼓舞人心的) speaker at an rganizatin called Tabitha Huse Cmmunity Service, a shelter fr peple wh were frced t leave their hmes due t the situatins such as earthquakes, fld and ther natural disasters.
At the age f 11, she graduated frm high schl and then earned her bachelr’s degree in psychlgy in 2013. She cmpleted thse classes nline as she was traveling fr leadership meetings.
She desn’t stp there, thugh. The girl plans t fcus n aviatin psychlgy (航空心理学) fr her further study, a decisin inspired by her father wh is a pilt. She grew up arund airplanes and tk flights all the time. Her gal is t use it t determine whether pilts are dealing with prblems that culd have deadly results nce the plane takes ff — a tpic that has been in the news lately. Fr her, it’s a mix f tw f her interests.
In her free time, Thessalnika enjys playing tennis, swimming and being active in her yuth grup. She als has three self-published bks, which are n her site. Jump the Educatin Barrier is written t help students finish cllege, and In the Future aims t help business wners deal with trends. Her third bk The Genius Race has a wider appeal. It is designed t help peple t be geniuses in varius areas f life.
1. What can we knw abut Thessalnika frm the passage?
A. She majred in science and technlgy.
B. She gained her master’s degree at the age f 11.
C. She started hmeschling when she was 6 years ld.
D. She gt her bachelr’s degree thrugh nline curses.
2. What is Thessalnika’s next plan accrding t the passage?
A. Majring in aviatin psychlgy.
B. Being active in her yuth grup.
C. Making inspiring speeches fr leadership meetings.
D. Writing anther bk t help peple t be geniuses.
3. Why des Thessalnika write the bk Jump the Educatin Barrier?
A. T help peple t be successful.
B. T raise cncern abut psychlgy.
C. T share her wn experience with thers.
D. T give students a hand t cmplete cllege.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
A. HmeschlingB. T Be a Genius
C. Three Published BksD. The Stry f Thessalnika
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了北芝加哥一位名叫Thessalnika Arzu-Embry的女孩的学习生涯以及她的学习成就。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“At the age f 11, she graduated frm high schl and then earned her bachelr’s degree in psychlgy in 2013. She cmpleted thse classes nline as she was traveling fr leadership meetings. (11岁时，她从高中毕业，并于2013年获得心理学学士学位。她在参加领导会议的途中在网上完成了这些课程。)”可知，她通过在线课程获得学士学位。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“She desn’t stp there, thugh. The girl plans t fcus n aviatin psychlgy(航空心理学) fr her further study, a decisin inspired by her father wh is a pilt. (不过，她并没有就此止步。女孩计划继续学习航空心理学，这个决定是受身为飞行员的父亲的启发。)”可知，她的下一个计划是主修航空心理学专业。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Jump the Educatin Barrier is written t help students finish cllege, and In the Future aims t help business wners deal with trends. (《跨越教育障碍》一书旨在帮助学生完成大学学业，而《在未来》一书旨在帮助企业主应对趋势。)”可知，她写这本书是为了帮助学生完成大学学业。故选D项。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“Age has never been a prblem fr Thessalnika Arzu-Embry. After all, she’s already gt her master’s degree. (对塞萨洛尼卡·阿祖-恩布里来说，年龄从来都不是问题。毕竟，她已经拿到硕士学位了。)”可知，本文主要介绍了Thessalnika的不平凡的学习经历以及她的成就。D项“The Stry f Thessalnika”符合文章主题，适合做标题。故选D项。
B
Due t scial events in recent years, the relatinship between scial media and teenagers mental health has been under heated discussin.
On Sept 30 a British curt decided that cntent n scial media platfrms cntributed t the depressin f 14-year-ld Mlly Russell. Russell interacted with 2,100 psts related t pessimistic, self-harm in the six mnths, leading up t her depressin, reprted the Observer website.
The crrelatin has als been prved by science. A study in 2019 shwed that the frequent use f scial media by teenagers can lead t a decrease in their mental health.
S, hw can we make sure that teenagers wn’t get hurt while using scial media? Chan, 18, frm the University f Maca shared her experience. Chan said that she nce came acrss shrt vides rmanticizing mental illnesses such as depressin and anxiety. She immediately reprted them t the platfrm.
But she said that the users’ pwer t regulate vides is still limited. “It is ultimately the respnsibility f the scial media platfrms t filter ut cntent that is ptentially harmful.” She als nticed that the age f scial media users has becme increasingly yunger. Sciety shuld pay attentin t this, she said. “Since it’s nt pssible t cut ff access t scial media fr yunger users, why nt intrduce a ‘supervisin mde’ with which parents can regulate the cntent t be viewed by teenagers befrehand?” she said.
Wu Chengyu, 18, studies at Tianjin Experimental High Schl. He said that several years ag he came acrss a game that lures teenagers t self-abuse and depressin. He quickly chse t ignre it s he wuldn’t be influenced. This is the same way he reacts when expsed t negative cntent n scial media.
In Wu’s pinin, teenagers tday shuld imprve their scial media literacy (素养), telling real frm fake and gd frm bad. “Als, everyne can be a cntent creatr n scial media.” he said, “We shuld all strengthen ur awareness f ethics”.
5. What led t Russell’s depressin accrding t a British curt?
A. Her interactin with thers nline.
B. Negative infrmatin n scial media platfrms.
C. Shrt vides she watched n the Internet.
D. Her addictin t nline psts.
6. Which f the fllwing statements des Chan prbably agree with?
A. The number f yunger Scial media users shuld be limited.
B. Parents shuld mnitr the cntent t be viewed by teenagers in advance.
C. A supervisin mde ught t be intrduced by parents.
D. It is the respnsibility f the sciety t rmanticize mental illnesses.
7. Wh shuld be ultimately respnsible fr remving negative cntent accrding t Chan?
A. Parents. B. Internet users
C. Cntent creatrs. D. Scial media platfrms.
8. What des Wu suggest teenagers shuld d?
A. Use scial media wisely.
B. Reduce scial media usage.
C. Stay away frm nline games.
D. Learn mre abut scial media.
【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 8．A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了社交媒体与青少年心理健康之间的关系并提出一些建议防止社交媒体危害青少年心理健康。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Russell interacted with 2,100 psts related t pessimistic, self-harm in the six mnths, leading up t her depressin, reprted the Observer website. (据《观察家报》网站报道，在Russell患上抑郁症的6个月里，她浏览了2100条有关悲观、自残的帖子。)”可知，是因为社交媒体平台上的负面信息导致了她的抑郁症。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Since it’s nt pssible t cut ff access t scial media fr yunger users, why nt intrduce a ‘supervisin mde’ with which parents can regulate the cntent t be viewed by teenagers befrehand? (既然不可能切断年轻用户对社交媒体的访问，为什么不引入一种“监督模式”，父母可以事先监管青少年观看的内容？)”可知，她认为家长应该提前监控青少年观看的内容。故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“It is ultimately the respnsibility f the scial media platfrms t filter ut cntent that is ptentially harmful. (过滤掉可能有害的内容，最终是社交媒体平台的责任。)”可知，她认为社交媒体平台应该最终负责删除负面内容。故选D。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In Wu’s pinin, teenagers tday shuld imprve their scial media literacy(素养), telling real frm fake and gd frm bad. (在Wu看来，今天的青少年应该提高他们的社交媒体素养，辨别真假和好坏。)”可知，Wu建议青少年应该理智使用社交媒体。故选A。
二、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Beijing Central Axis (北京中轴线) was written n the UNESCO Wrld Heritage (世界文化遗产) List n July 27, ____1____ marks China’s 59th Wrld Heritage Site.
It is the amazing place f interest, made ____2____ f 15 landmarks, with the Bell and Drum Twers at its nrthern end and Yngdingmen Gate at the suthern end, ___3___ runs thrugh the heart f the ld city f Beijing. Wrld-famus _____4_____ (site) like the Frbidden City (紫禁城) and the Tian’an men Square are alng the Axis, and the Temple f Heaven and the Altar f Agriculture (先农坛) ____5____ (lcate) n the east and west sides f the Axis.
Beijing Central Axis is ____6____ (true) an magnetic attractin shwing the wisdm and creativity f ancient Chinese designers. Years f effrts make it ____7____ unique mixture f histry, culture and architecture. It witnesses the perfect rder f capital cities that ____8____ (influence) the buildings f traditinal Chinese cities fr mre than tw thusands years.
“China will cntinue making effrts ___9___ (prtect) heritage buildings, encurage public participatin, and strategically make ____10____ (arrange).” Li frm the Natinal Cultural Heritage Administratin said n Saturday.
【答案】1.which 2.up 3.that 4.sites 5.are lcated
6.truly 7.a 8. has influenced 9.t prtect 10.arrangements
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京中轴线被列入世界遗产名录的意义，描述了其地理布局和历史价值，以及中国政府对其保护的决心和措施。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：北京中轴线于7月27日被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，成为中国第59个世界遗产地。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【2题详解】
考查介词。句意：它是由15个地标组成的令人惊叹的景点，北端是钟鼓楼，南端是永定门，贯穿北京古城的心脏地带。本空用介词up，be made up f表示“由……组成”，故填up。
【3题详解】
考查强调句。句意同上。本句用强调句型it ，强调the amazing place f interest, made 2 f 15 landmarks, with the Bell and Drum Twers at its nrthern end and Yngdingmen Gate at the suthern end。故填that。
【4题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：故宫和天安门广场等世界著名景点沿中轴线分布，天坛和先农坛分别位于中轴线的东西两侧。根据空后的are可知，本空用名词site“地点”的复数形式，表示多个景点，作主语。故填sites。
【5题详解】
考查动词语态。句意同上。根据空前的are可知，本句描述一般事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语the Temple f Heaven and the Altar f Agriculture与lcate“把……安置在（或建造于）”之间为被动关系，且主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are lcated。
【6题详解】
考查副词。句意：北京中轴线确实是一块展示中国古代设计师智慧和创造力的磁石。本空用副词truly“真正地”，修饰形容词magnetic，作状语。故填truly。
【7题详解】
考查冠词。句意：多年的努力使它成为一个历史、文化和建筑的独特融合体。此处表示泛指“一个历史、文化和建筑的独特融合体”，且unique为辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
【8题详解】
考查时态。句意：它见证了首都的完美秩序，这种秩序两千多年来一直影响着中国传统城市的建筑。influence“影响”。根据fr mre than tw thusands years可知，时态应用现在完成时，主语that指代the perfect rder f capital cities，为单数名词，助动词应用has。故填has influenced。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国国家文物局李周六表示，中国将继续努力保护文物建筑，鼓励公众参与，并作出战略安排。本句谓语为will cntinue，此处为非谓语动词，make effrts t d sth.“努力做某事”，prtect“努力”用不定式。故填t prtect。
【10题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国国家文物局李周六表示，中国将继续努力保护文物建筑，鼓励公众参与，并作出战略安排。本空用名词arrangement“安排”，安排不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作make的宾语。故填arrangements。
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Chice f Walks fr Beginner and Experienced Walkers
（2024新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷）The Carlw Autumn Walking Festival is a great pprtunity fr the beginner, experienced r advanced walker t enjy the challenges f Carlw’s muntain hikes r the peace f its wdland walks.
Walk 1 — The Natural Wrld
With envirnmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk prmises t be an infrmative tur. Walkers are sure t learn lts abut the habitats and natural wrld f the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st Octber, at 09:00
Start Pint: Scrates Bridge
Walk Duratin: 6 hurs
Walk 2 — Intrductin t Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passin fr making the great utdrs accessible t all. This muntain walk prvides an insight int the skills required fr hillwalking t ensure yu get the mst frm future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd Octber, at 09:00
Start Pint: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duratin: 5 hurs
Walk 3 — Mnlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way t step ut f yur cmfrt zne. Breathtaking views f the lwlands f Carlw can be enjyed in the presence f welcming guides frm lcal walking clubs. A trch (手电筒) alng with suitable clthing is essential fr walking in the dark. Thse wh are dressed inapprpriately will be refused permissin t participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st Octber, at 18:30
Start Pint: The Twn Hall
Walk Duratin: 3 hurs
Walk 4 — Phtgraphic Walk in Kilbrannish Frest
This infrmative walk led by Richard Smyth intrduces yu t the basic principles f phtgraphy in the wild. Bring alng yur camera and enjy the wnderful views alng this well-surfaced frest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd Octber, at 11:45
Start Pint: Kilbrannish Frest Recreatin Area
Walk Duratin: 1.5 hurs
1. Which walk takes the shrtest time?
A. The Natural Wrld.B. Intrductin t Hillwalking.
C. Mnlight Under the Stars.D. Phtgraphic Walk in Kilbrannish Frest.
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required t d?
A. Wear prper clthes.B. Jin a walking club.
C. Get special permits.D. Bring a survival guide.
3. What d the fur walks have in cmmn?
A. They invlve difficult climbing.B. They are fr experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start pint.D. They are scheduled fr the weekend.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关细节。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方案中的“Walk Duratin (步行时间)”部分比较可知，“Walk 4 — Phtgraphic Walk in Kilbrannish Frest (步行4——基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5小时，用时最短。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Walk 3 — Mnlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Thse wh are dressed inapprpriately will be refused permissin t participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加)”可知，第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选D项。
B
（2024新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷）D yu ever get t the train statin and realize yu frgt t bring smething t read? Yes, we all have ur phnes, but many f us still like t g ld schl and read smething printed.
Well, there’s a kisk (小亭) fr that. In the San Francisc Bay Area, at least.
“Yu enter the fare gates (检票口) and yu’ll see a kisk that is lit up and it tells yu can get a ne-minute, a three-minute, r a five-minute stry,” says Alicia Trst, the chief cmmunicatins fficer fr the San Francisc Bay Area Rapid Transit — knwn as BART. “Yu chse which length yu want and it gives yu a receipt-like shrt stry.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 shrt stries and pems since the prgram was launched last March. Sme are classic shrt stries, and sme are new riginal wrks.
Trst als wants t intrduce lcal writers t lcal riders. “We wanted t d smething where we d a call t artists in the Bay Area t submit stries fr a cntest,” Trst says. “And as f right nw, we’ve received abut 120 submissins. The winning stries wuld g int ur kisk and then yu wuld be a published artist.”
Ridership n transit (交通) systems acrss the cuntry has been dwn the past half century, s culd shrt stries save transit?
Trst thinks s.
“At the end f the day all transit agencies right nw are ding everything they can t imprve the rider experience. S I abslutely think we will get mre riders just because f shrt stries,” she says.
And yu’ll never be withut smething t read.
4. Why did BART start the kisk prgram?
A.T prmte the lcal culture.B. T discurage phne use.
C.T meet passengers’ needs.D. T reduce its running csts.
5. Hw are the stries categrized in the kisk?
A. By ppularity.B. By length.
C. By theme.D. By language.
6. What has Trst been ding recently?
A. Organizing a stry cntest.B. Ding a survey f custmers.
C. Chsing a print publisher.D. Cnducting interviews with artists.
7. What is Trst’s pinin abut BART’s future?
A. It will clse dwn.B. Its prfits will decline.
C. It will expand natinwide.D. Its ridership will increase.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务，旨在满足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trst认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对BART的未来持乐观态度，预期乘客量将会增长。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““Yu enter the fare gates (检票口) and yu’ll see a kisk that is lit up and it tells yu can get a ne-minute, a three-minute, r a five-minute stry,” says Alicia Trst, the chief cmmunicatins fficer fr the San Francisc Bay Area Rapid Transit - knwn as BART. “Yu chse which length yu want and it gives yu a receipt-like shrt stry.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官Alicia Trst表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Yu chse which length yu want and it gives yu a receipt-like shrt stry.(你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“We wanted t d smething where we d a call t artists in the Bay Area t submit stries fr a cntest,(我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stries wuld g int ur kisk and then yu wuld be a published artist.(获奖故事会进入我们的书报亭，然后你就会成为一名出版艺术家)”可知，Trst最近在组织一个故事竞赛，向湾区的艺术家征集故事，获胜作品将被放入书报亭供乘客阅读。故选A项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““At the end f the day all transit agencies right nw are ding everything they can t imprve the rider experience. S I abslutely think we will get mre riders just because f shrt stries,” she says.(她说：“归根结底，所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们会因为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知，Trst认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选D项。
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷）When I decided t buy a huse in Eurpe ten years ag, I didn't think t lng. I liked traveling in France, but when it came t picking my favrite spt t ___1___, Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit t Italy, I ___2___ t ask fr directins r rder in a restaurant. But every time I tried t ___3___ a sentence f Italian tgether, the lcals smiled at me and ___4___ my language skills. That encuragement helped me t get thrugh the language ___5___. After I made Italy my permanent hme, I discvered hw ___6___ Italians are. Neighbrs will bring me freshly made cheese and will cme t my dr t ___7___ me t clse the windw in my car when rain is cming. It's these small ___8___ f kindness that make a new cuntry feel like hme.
As a fdie, the way t my heart is thrugh my stmach, and nwhere fuels my ___9___ quite like Italy. Each twn has its wn traditinal ____10____, and every family keeps a recipe passed frm ne generatin t anther. Families ____11____ fr big meals n Sundays, birthdays, and whatever ther excuses they can ____12____. These meals are always ____13____ by laughter and jy. Whatever ____14____ life in Italy might have, the prblems are ____15____ nce yu sit dwn t a big meal with friends and family.
1. A. studyB. rentC. visitD. settle
2. A. plannedB. struggledC. refusedD. happened
3. A. stringB. hangC. mixD. match
4. A. imprvedB. assessedC. admiredD. praised
5. A. curseB. barrierC. areaD. test
6. A. pen-mindedB. strng-willedC. warm-heartedD. well-infrmed
7. A. remindB. allwC. persuadeD. rder
8.A. tricksB. prmisesC. actsD. duties
9. A. ambitinB. successC. appetiteD. grwth
10. A. cstumeB. dishC. symblD. tale
11. A. gatherB. cheerC. leaveD. wait
12. A. put up withB. stand up frC. cme up withD. make up fr
13. A. signaledB. cnfirmedC. representedD. accmpanied
14. A. disadvantagesB. meaningsC. surprisesD. pprtunities
15. A. createdB. frgttenC. understdD. identified
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B
11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A. study学习；B. rent出租；C. visit游览；D. settle定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent hme”以及“make a new cuntry feel like hme”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit t Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence f Italian tgether”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. imprved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the lcals smiled at me”以及下文“That encuragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.curse课程；B. barrier障碍；C. area区域；D. test测试。根据上文“the lcals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encuragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A. pen-minded思想开明的；B. strng-willed思想坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-infrmed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbrs will bring me freshly made cheese and will cme t my dr”和“clse the windw in my car when rain is cming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A. remind提醒；B. allw允许；C. persuade说服；D. rder命令。根据上文“I discvered hw warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will cme t my dr”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关上车窗。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A. tricks技巧；B. prmises承诺；C. acts行为；D. duties职责。根据上文“Neighbrs will bring me freshly made cheese and will cme t my dr t remind me t clse the windw in my car when rain is cming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个美食家，通往我内心的路是通过我的胃，没有什么地方能像意大利那样刺激我的食欲。A. ambitin雄心；B. success成功；C. appetite食欲；D. grwth发育。根据上文“As a fdie, the way t my heart is thrugh my stmach”可推知，此处指作者是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴，每个家庭都保存着代代相传的食谱。A. cstume服装；B. dish菜肴；C. symbl符号；D. tale故事。根据上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed frm ne generatin t anther”可推知，此处指意大利各地都有传统菜肴。故选B。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather集合；B. cheer欢呼；C. leave留下；D. wait等待。根据上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知，此处指一家人聚集在一起吃饭。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with忍受；B. stand up fr支持；C. cme up with想出；D. make up fr弥补。根据上文“whatever ther excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些饭菜总是伴随着笑声和喜悦。A. signaled示意；B. cnfirmed确认；C. represented代表；D. accmpanied伴随。根据下文“by laughter and jy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“accmpany by”译为“伴随”。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. disadvantages缺点；B. meanings含义；C. surprises惊喜；D. pprtunities机会。根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the prblems”可推知，此处指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. created创建；B. frgtten忘记；C. understd理解；D. identified确认。根据上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the prblems”以及下文“nce yu sit dwn t a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记不愉快。故选B。