【03-暑假培优练】专题02 要求式动词与as if从句中的虚拟语气用法 (教师版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)(2)

这是一份【03-暑假培优练】专题02 要求式动词与as if从句中的虚拟语气用法 (教师版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)(2)，共24页。试卷主要包含了要求式动词中的虚拟语气用法，as等内容，欢迎下载使用。
内容早知道
☛第一层 巩固提升练
考点一 要求式动词中的虚拟语气用法
考点二 as if从句中的虚拟语气用法
☛第二层 能力培优练
☛第三层 拓展突破练
☛第四层 高考真题练
要求式动词中的虚拟语气用法
【知识积累·练前热身】
在教材必修一的单词表上，我们学习了recmmend（Unit 1），request（Unit 2），demand（Unit 5）等词的用法，重点讲解了它们的虚拟语气用法。
1.概念：
虚拟语气（Subjunctive Md）用于表达假设、愿望、建议或不确定的情况。主要用于表达假设或虚拟的条件（“如果……的话”）、一些表“建议、要求、命令”含义的词所接的从句中等。
2.要求式动词+从句时，从句中的谓语动词用(shuld) ＋ d
一坚持： insist
二命令： rder, cmmand
三建议： suggest (suggestin), advise (advice), recmmend (recmmendatin) , prpse(prpsal )
四要求： demand, request, require, desire, ask
再加一个敦促： urge
3.注意：
（1）以上动词的名词形式后所接的的从句中也要使用虚拟语气，即(shuld) ＋d。
（2）insist和suggest两个词较为特殊，除了表达“坚持”和“建议”的词义外，他们还有另外一层含义。当insist表达“坚持说，坚持认为”词义，suggest表达“表明”词义时，后面所接的从句不使用虚拟语气，使用陈述语气，与语境匹配。
1.The physicists prpse that ur attentin ________(direct) twards the use f special methds f thinking and acting.
【答案】(shuld) be directed
【详解】句意：物理学家们建议，我们的注意力应转向使用特殊的思考和行动方法。
考查虚拟语气。根据“prpse”一词可知，从句应该用虚拟语气“shuld d sth.”；再者根据“ur attentin”和“direct”的关系可知，两者是动宾关系，因此用被动语态，而shuld可省略,故答案是(shuld) be directed 。
2.The air pllutin is wrse and wrse. The gvernment suggests that peple ____ (g ) t wrk by subway r by bus.
【答案】(shuld) g
【详解】句意：空气污染越来越糟糕。政府建议人们乘地铁或者乘公交车去上班。
考查虚拟语气。这是一个that引导的宾语从句，suggest后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气（shuld）d结构，shuld可省略。故答案是(shuld) g。
3.She required at the meeting that measures ________ (take ) t prtect the envirnment which we rely n t live.
【答案】(shuld) be taken
【详解】句意：她在会议上要求采取措施保护我们赖以生存的环境。
考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知，动词require“要求”，从句用虚拟即shuld+动词原形，shuld可以省略。又measures和动词take之间为被动关系，即shuld be taken，shuld可以省略，故答案是(shuld) be taken。
4.The by insisted that he ________(be) ld enugh, and ________(give) the right t make his wn chice.
【答案】was；(shuld) be given
【详解】句意：这个男孩坚称他已经足够大，应该有做出自己的选择的权利了。
考查insist宾语从句的时态及虚拟语气。insist表示“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气；时态根据实际情况而定；insist表示“坚持要求”后用“shuld + d”的虚拟语气，shuld可省略。分析语境可知第一空表示“坚持认为”，时态用一般过去时；第二空是“坚持要求”，用虚拟语气，shuld省略。故答案是was和(shuld) be given。
5.He cmmanded that his men ________(fire).
【答案】(shuld) fire
【详解】句意：他命令他的手下射击。
考查虚拟语气。根据cmmand 后的宾语从句要用（shuld）d的虚拟语气，其中shuld可以省略。故答案是(shuld) fire。
6.We requested that the task _____________ (cmplete) by the end f this week.
【答案】(shuld) be cmpleted
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意: 我们要求在本周末之前完成这项任务。request表示“要求”时引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 shuld + 动词原形，其中 shuld 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。从句中主语task与谓语动词构成被动，故填(shuld) be cmpleted。
7.Her pale face suggested that she ______ ( be) ill and her parents suggested that she ______(have ) a medical examinatin.
【答案】was; have
【详解】句意：她苍白的脸表明她病了,她的父母建议她去体检。
考查时态和虚拟语气。第一个 suggest是“表明，显示”的意思，后面的be动词视整句时态而定，根据主句时态可知用一般过去时。第二个 suggest是“建议”的意思，后接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：( shuld)+原形动词，shuld可略。故答案是was和 have。
8.It is recmmended that he ______(get) help frm his dctr abut his illness.
【答案】(shuld) get
【详解】句意：关于他的病，建议他向医生寻求帮助。
考查虚拟语气。recmmend表示“建议”所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(shuld) +原形动词，shuld可省略。故答案是(shuld) get。
9.My suggestin is that a meeting ________(hld) t discuss it.
【答案】(shuld) be held
【详解】句意：我建议开个会来讨论这个问题。
考查虚拟语气。名词suggestin“建议”后的表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用shuld＋动词原形，shuld可以省略；再根据“a meeting”和“hld”的关系可知，两者是动宾关系，因此用被动语态，而shuld可省略,故答案是(shuld) be held。
10.The wrkers insisted that they ( give) a free lunch every nn and the bss had t d that.
【答案】(shuld) be given
【详解】句意：工人们坚持要求他们每天中午都有免费的午餐，老板必须这样做。
考查虚拟语气。Insist表示“坚持，要求”，其后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，“shuld + 动词原形” 。故答案是(shuld) be given。
as if从句中的虚拟语气用法
【知识积累·练前热身】
1.as if引导的从句，当说话人认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的情况时，使用陈述语气。
Lk at the dark cluds. It lks as if it is ging t rain.看，乌云密布！看起来好像要下雨了。
（根据乌云密布迹象，下雨有可能发生，真实情况）
2.as if引导的从句，当说话人认为句子所述的是非真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，使用虚拟语气。
(1)若表示与现在事实不符，从句谓语动词用一般过去时did/were；
Paul talks abut the thery as if he knew everything.
She lks as if she were ten years yunger.
(2)若表示与过去事实不符，从句谓语动词用过去完成时had dne；
They began t talk warmly as if they had knwn each ther fr lng.
(3)若表示与将来事实不符，从句谓语动词用wuld/culd/might/shuld + d。
He pened his muth as if he wuld say smething.
注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，be动词的过去时态一律用 were，不用 was。
1.The sldier remembers everything exactly as if it_______ ( happen) yesterday.
【答案】happened
【详解】句意：士兵完全记得一切，似乎它就发生在昨天。
考查虚拟语气。as if意为“仿佛；好像”，其后的从句可出现虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，句中remembers为一般现在时，故as if从句中用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案是happened。
2.The teacher treats the pupil as if he ______ (be) her wn child.
【答案】were
【详解】句意：老师对待这个学生就像对待自己的孩子一样。
考查虚拟语气。as if引导的从句与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时，be动词常用were。故答案是were。
3.It was Jhn wh brke the windw. Why are yu talking t me as if I (d) it?
【答案】had dne
【详解】句意：是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么跟我说话就好像是我干的似的?
考查虚拟语气。此处是由 as if引导的虚拟语气，题中 brke 表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”，与过去事实相反，as if后面的从句用过去完成时(had dne)表示对“过去”的虚拟。故答案是 had dne。
4.Live each day as if we ______ (die) tmrrw, which is a gd rule t live by.
【答案】wuld / culd / might / shuld die
【详解】句意：每天活着时都当作第二天就死亡那样安排。
考查虚拟语气。此处是由 as if引导的虚拟语气，题中tmrrw 表明发生在“将来”，与将来事实相反，as if后面的从句用“wuld / culd / might / shuld+动词原形”表示对“将来”的虚拟。故答案是wuld / culd / might / shuld die。
5.I felt lst and anxius as if I ___________(miss) smething f value.
【答案】had missed
【详解】句意：我感到迷茫和焦虑，就好像我错过了什么有价值的东西。
考查虚拟语气。结合语境可知，此处as if引导的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反(felt)，从句用“had+过去分词”。故答案是had missed。
6.What makes me annyed is that they cmpletely ignre these facts as if they never _________ (exist).
【答案】existed
【详解】句意：使我生气的是，他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。
考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构可知，as if引导方式状语从句，且表示与现在事实相反的假设(makes / is / ignre)，故从句中的时态是一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式existed，故答案是existed。
7.The secretary always acts as if she ______(be) the real bss f the cmpany.
【答案】were
【详解】句意：这个秘书总是表现得好像她是这个公司真正的老板似的。
考查虚拟语气。as if 引导的虚拟方式状语从句，表示与现在的事实相反(acts)，要使用一般过去时，在虚拟中表与现在事实相反be动词一般都用were，故答案是were。
8.He felt s cld that he kept trembling as if he (be) unable t endure it any mre.
【答案】was
【详解】句意：他冷得发抖，好像再也忍受不了了。
考查谓语动词。as if引导方式状语从句，当说话人认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的情况时，不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。此处结合语境，有发抖迹象，可知这是真实情况，使用陈述语气。根据句中的felt，kept可知，应该用一般过去时。故答案是was。
9.The disappinted girl listened as if she (turn) int a stne.
【答案】had been turned
【详解】句意：那个沮丧的女孩听着，好像她已经变成了一块石头。
考查虚拟语气。分析句子可知，此处为as if引导的方式状语从句，从句需用虚拟语气用法，由主句动词listened为过去时可知，表示与过去事实相反的假设，此处从句动词应为过去完成时；表示“被变成”应为动词短语be turned int。故答案是had been turned。
10.Childhd memries came back t me s clearly, as if the events (happen) nly yesterday.
【答案】had happened
【详解】句意：童年的记忆清晰地浮现在我的脑海中，就好像这些事情就发生在昨天。
考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查as if引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气结构，这句话描述的是过去的事情（came back），用对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时had dne。故答案是had happened。
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Schl days are suppsed t be the best days f yur life and part f that experience usually invlves sme unfrgettable physical activities. I asked sme peple t give me their memries f what happened t them n the sprts field and beynd, and this is what they tld me.
Cup winners
When I was abut ten, the ftball team frm ur year unexplainably made it t the cup final f the lcal schls’ league. I say unexplainably because I nly remember us lsing nearly every match we played. Anyway, in the final I set up the winning gal, a brilliant crss t my mate David wh headed the ball in just befre the final whistle. I still have a phtgraph f the team hlding the cup.
Frest hike
I remember having t lead a grup f eight bys n a schl expeditin fr the best part f tw days when I was a teenager. Even thugh we gt lst at ne pint, I managed t keep them all tgether and get them frm ne end f a large frest t the ther and back by sheer(纯粹的) frce f will. I was chsen t be the leader, I think because I was the nly ne wh knew hw t read a map!
When we arrived back at the campsite, we fund ut that all the ther grups had cheated and hitched(搭便车) mst f the way instead… I felt a bit stupid, but als rather prud f myself at the same time fr having dne it prperly.
Learning t swim, learning t drwn
I learned t swim cmparatively late, I suppse. I was maybe nine years ld but my brther had a painful experience that nearly put him ff fr life. We lived in the USA fr a while and had access t a university pl where the caches had trained the American Olympic team. In thse days, thugh, their idea f teaching kids hw t swim was t tie a can t their ankles with a bit f string, thrw them in the deep end, and shut “Swim!”. I am surprised my brther survived at all. He culd nly have been abut six at the time.
1. The passage mainly talks abut ________.
A. tips n taking part in utdr activities
B. hw peple cnsider physical activities
C. why peple lve utdr activities
D. peple’s experiences f physical activities
2. What did the first persn d in the schl’s cup final?
A. He scred the winning gal.
B. He prvided the pass fr the final gal.
C. He blew the whistle at the end f the game.
D. He lst every game in the seasn.
3. The underlined wrd “expeditin” in the third paragraph has the same meaning t “________”.
A. matchB. dealC. tripD. research
4. It can be learned that when the third persn was yung, ________.
A. he learned swimming frm the same cach as his elder brther
B. the swimming cach’s teaching methd was rather incnsiderate
C. his family lived near a university pl fr abut ten years
D. the American Olympic team had n swimming pl f its wn
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。上学的日子应该是你一生中最美好的日子，而这段经历的一部分通常包括一些难忘的体育活动。文章作者记载一些人在运动场上和其他地方发生的往事经历。
【解析】
1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Schl days are suppsed t be the best days f yur life and part f that experience usually invlves sme unfrgettable physical activities.及全文内容可知，上学的日子应该是你一生中最美好的日子，而这段经历的一部分通常包括一些难忘的体育活动。文章作者记载一些人在运动场上和其他地方发生的往事经历。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段Anyway, in the final I set up the winning gal, a brilliant crss t my mate David wh headed the ball in just befre the final whistle.（在决赛中我制造了胜利的良机，我的队友大卫在终场哨声吹响前头球破门。）可知，作者为最终进球提供了机会。故选B。
3.词义猜测题。根据下文中Even thugh we gt lst at ne pint（迷路）和When we arrived back at the campsite（回到营地）提示可以猜测，他们参加的是学校探险旅行。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段In thse days, thugh, their idea f teaching kids hw t swim was t tie a can t their ankles with a bit f string, thrw them in the deep end and shut “Swim!”. 可知，教练教孩子们游泳的方法是用一根绳子把一个罐子绑在他们的脚踝上，把他们扔进深处，然后大喊“游泳!”，可以推断出，游泳教练的教学方法相当轻率。故选B。
二、七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every week, even every day, we have lts f different tasks t finish. 1 Hwever, the advantages f vlunteering can be huge. Vlunteering can ffer help t peple in need. But the advantages can be even greater fr the vlunteers. Why?
2 Studies have fund that when yu stp thinking abut yur wn prblems and fcus n smene ther than yurself, yur stress levels start t g dwn, yur immune system (免疫系统) is strengthened and yur verall sense f life satisfactin increases. This is because helping smene else gives yu a sense f purpse and makes yu pay attentin t the psitive things in life.
Vlunteering helps yu develp new relatinships. 3 And it gives yu the gd chance t cmmunicate with them. These can help yu frm clse relatinships with them. These relatinships can have a lasting influence n yur life.
Vlunteering teaches yu valuable jb skills. During vlunteering, yu can have lts f chances t learn useful and imprtant skills. Fr example, vlunteer rganizatins always prvide n­the­jb training curses fr vlunteers befre they start the wrk. Thse curses can help yu learn sme skills fr certain jbs. 4
Vlunteering makes yur resume (简历) attractive. Are yu stuck fr things t write n yur resume t get the jb yu want ? 5 Studies have fund thse wh vlunteered had a better chance f finding a jb than thse wh didn't. Whether yu d ne thing n a regular basis, r help with lts f different causes fr shrter amunts f time, each vluntary experience yu have lks great t yur future bsses.
A. Vlunteering makes yu independent.
B. And they're ften ffered t yu fr free.
C. Vlunteering can be gd fr yur health.
D. It lets yu meet peple frm all walks f life.
E. If s, there are sme gd suggestins fr yu.
F. Deal with it by shwing the vlunteer wrk yu have dne.
G. With busy lives, it can be hard t find time t vlunteer.
【答案】1.G 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了志愿服务对志愿者有诸多好处。
【1题详解】
前文"Every week, even every day, we have lts f different tasks t finish.(每周，甚至每天，我们都有很多不同的任务要完成)”讲述了我们在生活有许多事要做，后文 "Hwever the advantages f vlunteering can be huge.(然而，志愿服务的好处是巨大的)”与空处形成转折，讲述了志愿服务有很大的好处。由此可知，空处应讲述繁忙的生活很难让人抽出时间从事志愿工作，G项“生活繁忙，很难抽出时间做志愿者。”符合题意。故选G。
【2题详解】
根据后文'Studies have fund that when yu stp thinking abut yur wn prblems and fcus n smene ther than yurself yur stress levels start t g dwn, yur immune system (免疫系统) is strengthened and yur verall sense f if satisfactin increases.(研究发现当你停止思考自己的问题，把注意力集中在自己以外的人身上时，你的压力水平就会开始下降，你的免疫系统就会增强，你的整体生活满意度也会提高)”可知，本段主要讲述的是从事志愿工作对人的身体健康有好处，C项“志愿服务对你的健康有益。"”符合题意。故选C。
【3题详解】
前文"Vlunteering helps yu develp new relatinships.(志愿服务可以帮助你建立新的关系)”讲述了志愿服务有助于建立新的关系，所以空处应讲述志愿服务能够让人结识各种各样的人，D项“它可以让你结识各行各业的人。”符合题意，选项中的!t指代前文的Vlunteering，且与后文的i对应，选项中的peple对应后文的them，故选D。
【4题详解】
前文 "Fr example, vlunteer rganizatins always prvide n-the-jb training curses fr vlunteers befre they start the wrk. Thse curses can help yu learn sme skills fr certain jbs.(例如，志愿者组织总是在志愿者开始工作之前为他们提供在职培训课程。这些课程可以帮助你学习某些工作的技能)”讲述了志愿者在提供服务之前会接受培训课程，这有助于学习某些工作的技能，空处应讲述这些课程是免费提供的，B项“它们通常是免费提供给你的。”符合题意，选项中的they指代前文的curses,故选B。
【5题详解】
前文 "Vlunteering makes yur resume (简历) attractive. Are yu stuck fr things t write n yur resume t get the jb yu want?(志愿服务使你的简历更有吸引力。你是不是发愁为了得到想要的工作而要在简历上写一些东西?)”讲述了志愿服务有助干增加简历内容，空处应讲述可以在简历上展现自己的志愿工作经历。F项“通过展示你所做的志愿者工作来处理它。”符合题意，选项中的it指代前文的yur resume。故选F。
三、完型填空
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Grwing up in the USA, I always wanted t experience anther culture. The 1 came when I was 15. After a few mnths f planning and 2 , I was ready t spend the secnd semester f my first high schl year 3 an exchange student in Australia.
4 in Perth was ne f the mst exciting mments f my life. I realized then that there was n turning back. The family I wuld live with was waiting fr me, and it wuld nly be five days 5 the new schl year. The schl I attended was 6 my schl back in the States. I was quite 7 at first, especially never having been t a new schl — even in the US. Everything went withut 8 , thugh. The teachers were welcming and the students were friendly.
The mst 9 time was travelling with ther exchange students arund Australia during ur semester break. The few weeks we 10 tgether were full f amazing activities.
At the end f ur 11 in Australia, we had three weeks t share ur stries and help each ther deal with leaving. It was nly 12 that ur last day tgether was filled with tears. We packed ur camp, 13 e-mail addresses and gathered tgether fr a final gd-bye.
Upn cming hme, an pen mind was again imprtant. Resettling hme tk time and 14 , but at last I made it. All the while, I was thughtful t letting my family and friends knw hw happy I was t be hme and hw much I had missed them — thugh the experience is still 15 with me. S, if yu have the pprtunity t study abrad yu mst certainly shuld.
1. A. taskB. dreamC. chanceD. vacatin
2. A. packingB. cnvincingC. perfrmingD. preparing
3. A. asB. nC. frD. with
4. A. FlyingB. LandingC. WrkingD. Studying
5. A. sinceB. untilC. afterD. befre
6. A. similar tB. different frmC. as gd asD. the same as
7. A. excitedB. annyedC. wrriedD. cnfused
8. A. hpeB. dubtC. difficultiesD. argument
9. A. valuableB. acceptableC. cmfrtableD. unfrgettable
10. A. spentB. livedC. studiedD. wrked
11. A. stayB. visitC. tripD. hlidays
12. A. funnyB. naturalC. strangeD. simple
13. A. madeB. wrteC. sharedD. exchanged
14. A. effrtB. mneyC. abilityD. wisdm
15. A. sadlyB. clearlyC. livelyD. amazingly
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在澳洲一段印象深刻而又难忘的交换生经历。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我15岁的时候，机会来了。A. task任务；B. dream梦想；C. chance机会；D. vacatin假期。由前文“I always wanted t experience anther culture.”和空后“an exchange student in Australia.”可知，作者一直想要体验另一种文化，后来作者去加拿大做交换生，由此可知，作者的机会来了。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的计划和准备，我已经准备好了作为交换生在澳大利亚度过高中第一学年的第二学期。 A. packing打包；B. cnvincing说服；C. perfrming表演，做；D. preparing准备。由后文“an exchange student in Australia.”可知，因为作者做了一名交换生，由此可知，这是经过几个月的计划和准备得到的结果。故选D。
3．考查介词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的计划和准备，我已经准备好了作为交换生在澳大利亚度过高中第一学年的第二学期。A. as作为；B. n在……之上；C. fr为了；D. with和……一起。由空后“an exchange student in Australia.”可知，作者是作为交换生的身份去澳大利亚的，as作为，符合题意。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在珀斯着陆是我一生中最激动人心的时刻之一。A. Flying飞行；B. Landing着陆；C. Wrking工作；D. Studying学习。根据后文“I realized then that there was n turning back. ”可知，作者坐飞机到达澳洲的珀斯，这是作者一生中最激动的时刻。故选B。
5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我要住的那个家庭正在等着我，离新学年只有五天了。A. since自从，因为；B. until直到；C. after在……之后；D. befre在……之前。由前文描述可知，作者刚来澳洲珀斯，所以表示在开学前的前5天到达这里。故选D。
6．考查固定短语辨析。句意：我上的学校和我在美国的学校不一样。A. similar t与……相似；B. different frm与……不同；C. as gd as和……一样好；D. the same as与……相同。作者在澳洲新学校，结合常识可知，澳洲学校和美国学校不一样。故选B。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始我很担心，尤其是从来没有到过一所新学校，即使是在美国。A. excited兴奋的；B. annyed生气的；C. wrried担心的；D. cnfused困惑的。由后文“especially never having been t a new schl”可知，因为作者从未去过新学校，所以一开始作者很担心。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，一切都很顺利，没有困难。A. hpe希望；B. dubt怀疑；C. difficulties困难；D. argument争论。由空后副词thugh和“The teachers were welcming and the students were friendly.”，可知，一切进展顺利，没有困难。故选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最难忘的一段时光是在假期和其他交换生一起环游澳大利亚。A. valuable珍贵的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. cmfrtable舒服的；D. unfrgettable难忘的。由后文“…were full f amazing activities.”可知，因为和其他交换生一起环游澳洲有很多令人惊讶的活动，由此可知，这段时刻让作者难忘。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一起度过的几个星期充满了令人惊奇的活动。A. spent花费，度过；B. lived居住；C. studied学习，研究；D. wrked工作。由前一句描述可知，作者和其他交换生一起环游澳大利亚，所以此处指他们一起度过的几个星期。故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在澳大利亚停留的最后阶段，我们有三个星期的时间来分享我们的故事，并互相帮助处理离开的问题。A. stay停留；B. visit参观；C. trip旅途；D. hlidays假期。根据后文“help each ther deal with leaving.”可知，因为作者他们要离开澳洲了，所以空处指他们在澳洲停留的最后阶段。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们在一起的最后一天泪流满面，这是很自然的。A. funny搞笑的； B. natural自然的；C. strange奇怪的；D. simple简单的。作者他们要分别了，哭泣的是发生是很自然的。故选B。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们收拾好宿舍，交换电子邮件地址，聚在一起做最后的告别。A. made制作；B. wrte写；C. shared分享；D. exchanged交换。因为大家要分别了，所以大家都在交换电子邮件地址。故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：重新安定下来需要时间和努力，但最后我做到了。A. effrt努力；B. mney金钱；C. ability能力；D. wisdm智慧。根据常识可知，因为重新安定下来，需要一定时间和努力。故选A。
15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一直以来，我都在考虑让我的家人和朋友知道我在家有多开心，我有多想念他们，尽管我仍然清楚地记得这段经历。A. sadly悲伤地；B. clearly清楚地；C. lively活跃地；D. amazingly令人惊讶地。由后文“S, if yu have the pprtunity t study abrad yu mst certainly shuld.”，作者对这段留学经历印象深刻，记忆犹新，所以此处需用副词clearly。故选B。
一、阅读
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
2024 British Day Needs Vlunteers!
The British Day has becme an imprtant part f the annual grand events in Guangdng Prvince since 2010, which welcmes friends frm all ver the wrld. This year’s British Day is themed “Cl Britannia”, taking yu n a childhd time machine t explre childhd memries. And here vlunteers are needed.
When & Where
Date: Saturday, Nv. 2, 2024, frm 11:00 AM t 5:00 PM.
Lcatin: Zhujiang New Twn, Tianhe District, Guangzhu City.
Wh t apply
Mainly fr cllege students studying in the Greater Bay Area wh
* are eager t spread Chinese and freign cultures;
* have gd ral English cmmunicatin skills and experience in vlunteering fr large utdr activities;
* have a strng sense f respnsibility and teamwrk.
What t gain
* The experience f cultural exchanges between China and the UK;
* The pprtunity t imprve yur ral English;
* Vlunteer certificates(证书)( in Chinese and English) and thank-yu letters;
* A limited-editin T-shirt f British Day as a suvenir.
What t d
Vlunteers will handle different tasks.
Grup 1: Handle n-site ticketing, event layut and material srting.
Grup 2: Offer event guidance t guests. Answer questins frm stall wners and guests.
Grup 3: Assist stage activities like perfrmances t ensure smth prgress.
Grup 4: Aid in charity raffle(慈善抽奖) ticket sales, including intrducing activities and srting prizes.
Hw t apply
Please send yur resume(简历) with a simple self-intrductin t events @ britchamgd.cm befre 12: 00 nn, Beijing time n Oct. 22, 2024.Vlunteers successfully selected will be infrmed by phne and email befre Oct. 24. Vlunteers wh have been accepted but are unable t participate due t persnal reasns must apply t the rganizer at least five days in advance.
Cme and jin us!
1. What can guests d n this year’s British Day?
A. Make a time machine.
B. Visit the British cities.
C. Interview sme vlunteers.
D. Experience childhd happiness again.
2. Wh are mst likely t be accepted as vlunteers fr the event?
A. High schl students in Guangzhu wh are gd at ral English.
B. Students f Shenzhen University wh ften g t utdr cmmunity services.
C. Prfessinals in Guangzhu wh try t prmte the cultural exchanges.
D. British cllege students wh lve Chinese culture and speak Chinese fluently.
3. Which statement is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. Vlunteers are required t wrk mre than 8 hurs fr the event.
B. Vlunteers will gain a cmmn T-shirt as a present.
C. Vlunteers will all have t ffer event guidance t guests.
D. Vlunteers unable t serve the event shuld infrm the rganizer befre Oct.28,2024.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了2024年英国日招募志愿者的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“This year’s British Day is themed “Cl Britannia”, taking yu n a childhd time machine t explre childhd memries.(今年的英国日以“Cl Britannia”为主题，带你坐上童年时光机，探索童年回忆)”可知，房客在今年的英国日可以重温童年的快乐。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Wh t apply部分的“Mainly fr cllege students studying in the Greater Bay Area wh (主要针对在大湾区学习的大学生)”及“have gd ral English cmmunicatin skills and experience in vlunteering fr large utdr activities; (具有良好的英语口语沟通技巧和大型户外活动志愿服务经验)”可知，经常参加户外社区服务的深圳大学生最有可能成为活动的志愿者。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Vlunteers successfully selected will be infrmed by phne and email befre Oct. 24. Vlunteers wh have been accepted but are unable t participate due t persnal reasns must apply t the rganizer at least five days in advance.(成功入选的志愿者将在10月24日前通过电话和电子邮件得到通知。已被接受但因个人原因无法参加的志愿者必须至少提前五天向组织者提出申请)”可知，必须提前五天告知负责人，也就是要在10月28日前通知主办单位。故选D项。
B
Jyce Laiza lives alne in a cmmunity fr lder peple in the American state f Flrida. When she is hme, the retired ffice wrker ften talks in a friendly female vice that asks abut her day. A few kilmeters away, the same vice helped 83-year-ld Deanna Dezern when her friend died. In New Yrk state, it plays games and music fr92-year-ld Marie Bradbent. And in Washingtn state, it helps 83-year-ld Jan Wrrell make new friends.
The wmen are sme f the first in the United States t receive the rbt ElliQ made by Intuitin Rbtics. The cmpany and ther fficials say it is the nly device (设备) using artificial intelligence(AI) t help lder Americans frm lneliness.
The device lks like a small table light, which has an eyeless, muthless head that lights up and turns. It remembers each user’s interests and their talks, helping create a special experience with each new discussin. It can be as deep as the meaning f life r as light as a small jke.
ElliQ als plays music and prvides creative r encuraging sayings. On a vide screen that cmes with it, it will shw different cities and places f interest. The device leads exercises, asks abut the wner’s health, and gives reminders t take medicines and drink water. It can als supprt vide calls and cntact family, friends, r dctrs in an emergency.
Intuitin Rbtics says nne f the cnversatins are heard by the cmpany, with the infrmatin staying n each wner’s device.
Charltte Mather-Taylr is directr f the Brward Cunty, Flrida, Area Agency n Aging. She said the COVID-19 pandemic and its fllwing results left many lder peple mre discnnected. Her agency has prvided 300 ElliQs which, she believes, help the situatin. She said, “We’ve seen very psitive results with it. Peple generally like her and she makes them smile and brings jy.”
Brigham Yung University prfessr Julianne Hlt-Lunstad, wh studies the effects f lneliness n health, wrries that a device like ElliQ might have shrt-term helpful effects but it culd make peple less likely t seek human cmmunicatin. She tld The Assciated Press that the difficult feeling f lneliness shuld push peple t recnnect scially.
4. What makes the rbt ElliQ unique?
A. It is made by Intuitin Rbtics in America.B. It can play games and music fr the ld.
C. It uses AI t help the ld fight lneliness.D. It can talk in a friendly female vice.
5. What d we knw abut ElliQs?
A. They are intelligent and well-runded wmen.
B. They can have deep discussins with the wners.
C. They are small table lights with human-like heads.
D. They may send the cnversatins t the cmpany.
6. What can be inferred frm Hlt-Lunstad’s cmment?
A. ElliQs will push mre peple t recnnect scially.
B. ElliQs make n difference t smthing ut lneliness.
C. ElliQs will have a prmising future fr their gd effects.
D. ElliQs will have less helpful effects in the lng term.
7. What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A. T intrduce a special AI device.
B. T shw us hw t perate a new device.
C. T ffer sme advice n remving lneliness.
D. T call fr mre care fr the ld.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一款设备——机器人ElliQ。ElliQ的特殊之处在于它是唯一一款使用人工智能来帮助美国老年人对抗孤独的设备。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The cmpany and ther fficials say it is the nly device (设备) using artificial intelligence(AI) t help lder Americans frm lneliness.(该公司和其他官员表示，这是唯一一款使用人工智能（AI）帮助美国老年人摆脱孤独的设备)”可知，ElliQ的特殊之处在于它能够运用人工智能与老人交流来帮助老年人对抗孤独。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“It remembers each user’s interests and their talks, helping create a special experience with each new discussin. It can be as deep as the meaning f life r as light as a small jke.(它能记住每个用户的兴趣和他们的谈话内容，为每次新的讨论创造一种特殊的体验。它可以像生命的意义一样深刻，也可以像一个小笑话一样轻松)”可知，ElliQ可以与主人进行深入的讨论。故选 B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Brigham Yung University prfessr Julianne Hlt-Lunstad, wh studies the effects f lneliness n health, wrries that a device like ElliQ might have shrt-term helpful effects but it culd make peple less likely t seek human cmmunicatin.(杨百翰大学教授朱莉安娜·霍尔特-伦斯塔德研究孤独对健康的影响，她担心像ElliQ这样的设备可能会有短期的有益效果，但它可能会让人们不太愿意寻求人际交流)”可知，从长远来看，ElliQ帮助效果不大，故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The wmen are sme f the first in the United States t receive the rbt ElliQ made by Intuitin Rbtics. The cmpany and ther fficials say it is the nly device (设备) using artificial intelligence(AI) t help lder Americans frm lneliness.(这些女性是美国首批接收由Intuitin Rbtics制造的机器人ElliQ的女性。该公司和其他官员表示，这是唯一一款使用人工智能（AI）帮助美国老年人摆脱孤独的设备)”以及文章第一到第五段主要介绍机器人设备 ElliQ的功能，即使用人工智能帮助美国老年人摆脱孤独。最后两段分别介绍了佛罗里达州布劳沃德县老龄化地区机构的主任 Charltte Mather-Taylr 和杨百翰大学教授 Julianne Hlt-Lunstad对这款设备的看法。可知，本文的主要写作目的是介绍一款特殊的人工智能设备。故选A。
二、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
The Rainbw Bkstre, which was a legendary fixture in the neighburhd, 1 (clse) after 50 years f business. I had a lng chat with Casey, the stre’s elderly wner. He said nw it was becming difficult 2 (run) an independent bkstre because mre and mre peple were being attracted by chain stres and nline discunts. And mst yung peple preferred 3 (read) e-bks n tablets.
Childhd memries came back t me s clearly, as if the events 4 (happen) nly yesterday. As a yung by, I spent hurs reading, 5 (seat) n the stre's ld but cmfrtable furniture.
A few mnths later, I was back in the neighbrhd during my spring break and was 6 (surprise) t see that the bkstre was still there and pen fr business. Its ld brick exterir hadn't changed, but inside it was like 7 different wrld. I was tld that a saleswman, 8 had grwn up in the neighbrhd, had nw taken ver the bkstre frm Casey. Under her leadership, the bkstre was being turned int a place fr literature-lving members f the cmmunity t get tgether. It had a café selling rganic fd and there 9 (be) mre cmmunity events.
I happened t meet Casey, wh was still wrking there. He was s pleased 10 (see) that everything he wanted it t ffer t the cmmunity is still there.
【答案】1.was clsing 2.t run 3.reading 4.had happened 5. seated
6.surprised 7. a 8. wh 9. were 10. t see
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在电子书和互联网的冲击下，作者家所在社区的一家充满了回忆的实体书店无法继续运营，即将关闭。
【解析】
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：彩虹书店，曾经是附近地区的传奇，经营了50年后即将关门大吉。根据后文内容可知，这家书店即将关停。此处为过去进行时，表示即将发生的动作。故填was clsing。
【2题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：他表示，由于越来越多的人被连锁店和网上折扣所吸引，经营独立书店变得越来越困难。此处为形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故填t run。
【3题详解】
考查动名词。句意：大多数年轻人更喜欢在平板电脑上阅读电子书。根据前后语境可知年轻人更愿意读电子书。prefer t d强调特定的或某次具体的动作，即在一定的场合下宁愿做什么。pefer ding强调一般性倾向，即对某种行为的偏爱。故填reading。
【4题详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：童年的记忆在我脑海中回荡得如此清晰，就好像那些事情只发生在昨天。根据语境可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时。故填had happened。
【5题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，我花了很多时间阅读，坐在店里陈旧但舒适的家具上。此处为(be)seated n的搭配，意为"坐在………"，表示状态。故填seated。
【6题详解】
考查形容词。句意：几个月后，我放春假回到附近，惊讶地发现书店还在那里营业。此处surprised 意为"惊讶的"，主语一般是人。故填surprised。
【7题详解】
考查冠词。句意：它的旧砖外表没有改变，但里面却是一个不同的世界。此处为泛指，且后面的different以辅音音素开头，故填a。
【8题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有人告诉我，一个在附近长大的女售货员，从凯西手里接管了书店。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a sales wman指人，从句中缺少主语，故填wh。
【9题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：有一家咖啡馆卖有机食品，还有更多的社区活动。此处为therebe 结构。根据前文可知为一般过去时。由后面的mre cmmunity events可知，应填were。故填were。
【10题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：我碰巧遇到了Casey 他当时还在那里工作。他很高兴地看到，他希望社区能得到的一切都还在。此处为动词不定式作状语。故填t see。
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024新课标1卷）Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper? And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material? The answers t bth questins are ften “n”. The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties. With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages. Peple ften link their memry f what they’ve read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
1. What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely t last.B. Seem hard t explain.
C. Becme ready t use.D. Becme easy t ntice.
2. What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.B. Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C. Peple select digital texts randmly.D. Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
3. Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hld students' attentin.B. They are mre cnvenient t prepare.
C. They help develp advanced skills.D. They are mre infrmative than text.
4. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
【1题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine thrugh应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallwing hypthesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallwing hypthesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
B
（2024新课标1卷）In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
5. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
6. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
7. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
8. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
【答案】5. B 6. C 7. C 8. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。
二、七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024新课标1卷）Nt all great writers are great spellers. If yu want t be published, it's vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript (原稿). ____1____ N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
I keep tw reference bks clse-by n my desk: dictinary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I dn't trust my laptp's spellchecker. ____2____ Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I'm ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers. I use the Cncise Oxfrd Dictinary and the Cllins Thesaurus.
____3____ It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.
In additin, I have an ld tw-vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary, picked up a few years ag in a bkshp sale fr just 99 pence. Of curse, with its 2,672 pages, it's nt exactly shrt. It cntains arund 163,000 wrds, plus wrd cmbinatins and idimatic phrases. ____4____ Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there's nthing better.
Fr well ver a hundred years the mst influential English dictinary was Samuel Jhnsn's Dictinary f the English Language published in 1755. "T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk," wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f "dull". ____5____ A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.
A. I dn't ften use this dictinary.
B. It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C. But I still dn't want t replace them.
D. But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E. Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F. That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G. Dictinaries dn't always give yu enugh infrmatin.
【答案】1. F 2. B 3. E 4. A 5. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
【1题详解】
上文“If yu want t be published, it’s vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
【2题详解】
上文“I dn’t trust my laptp’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I’m ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes n accunt f the cntext.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
【3题详解】
下文“It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
【4题详解】
下文“Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there’s nthing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I dn’t ften use this dictinary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【5题详解】
上文“ “T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk, ” wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f “dull”.(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2024新课标1卷）Heatherwick Studi recently built a greenhuse at the edge f the Natinal Trust’s Wlbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshuse, is at the centre f a new garden that shws hw the Silk Rad influences English gardens even in mdern times.
The latest ____1____ (engineer) techniques are applied t create this prtective ____2____ (functin) structure that is als beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made f glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals pen n warm days ____3____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cld weather, the structure stays ____4____ (clse) t prtect the plants.
Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse ____5____ (walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr ____6____ first time. These plants included mdern Western ____7____ (favurite) such as rsemary, lavender and fennel. The garden als cntains a winding path that guides visitrs thrugh the twelve regins f the Silk Rad. The path ffers ver 300 plant species fr visitrs t see, t.
The Glasshuse stands ____8____ a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute ____9____ brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the _____10_____ (rich) f gardening in England.
【答案】1. engineering 2. functinal 3. t give 4. clsed 5 walks
6. the 7. favrites 8. as 9. which / that 10. richness
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。
【1题详解】
考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。
【2题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functinal，符合题意。故填functinal。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填t give。
【4题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词clsed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填clsed。
【5题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. thrugh，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Rute Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
【6题详解】
考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：fr the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。
【7题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favrite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rsemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favrites。
【8题详解】
考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
【10题详解】
考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词f的宾语。故填richness。