专题07 阅读理解说明文、议论文（全国通用）-【好题汇编】2025年高考真题和模拟题英语分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份专题07 阅读理解说明文、议论文（全国通用）-【好题汇编】2025年高考真题和模拟题英语分类汇编（原卷版+解析版），文件包含专题07阅读理解说明文议论文全国通用原卷版docx、专题07阅读理解说明文议论文全国通用解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共104页， 欢迎下载使用。
（2025年全国一卷）While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility, especially amng yung children. Many parents say there’s t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl, s they pack them int the car instead.
Dutch authrs Thalia Verkade and Marc te Brömmelstret are bthered by facts like these. In their new bk Mvement: Hw t Take Back Our Streets and Transfrm Our Lives, they call fr a rethink f ur streets and the rle they play in ur lives.
Life n city streets started t change decades ag. Whle neighburhds were destryed t make way fr new rad netwrks and kids had t play elsewhere. Sme cmmunities fught back. Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park. Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh.” Similar campaigns ccurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Althugh these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car. The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we nw have ver twenty millin cars fr just ver twenty-six millin peple, amng the highest rate f car wnership in the wrld.
We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh, but we fail t accunt fr the true csts. D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities? The authrs f Mvement have it right: it’s time t think differently abut that street utside yur frnt dr.
28. What phenmenn des the authr pint ut in paragraph 1?
A. Cars ften get stuck n the rad.B. Traffic accidents ccur frequently.
C. Peple walk less and drive mre.D. Pedestrians fail t fllw the rules.
29. What were the Canadian jurnalist and ther campaigners trying t d?
A. Keep their cities livable.B. Prmte cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families.D. Make expressways accessible.
30. What can be inferred abut the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?
A. They bsted the sales f cars.B. They turned ut largely ineffective.
C. They wn gvernment supprt.D. They advcated building new parks.
31. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Why the Rush?B. What’s Next?
C. Where t Stay?D. Wh t Blame?
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility, especially amng yung children. Many parents say there’s t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl, s they pack them int the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park. Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacbs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Althugh these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car. The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh, but we fail t accunt fr the true csts. D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush thrugh (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
Passage 2
（2025年全国一卷）Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.
Nw, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level f micrplastics in water frm yur tap (水龙头): biling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Envirnmental Science & Technlgy Letters, researchers frm China fund that biling tap water fr just five minutes — then filtering it after it cls — culd remve at least 80 percent f its micrplastics.
Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent. Additinally, the research didn’t include all types f plastics. The team fcused nly n three cmmn types — plystyrene, plyethylene and plyprpylene — and they didn’t study ther chemicals previusly fund in water such as vinyl chlride.
Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly difficult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught.
Scientists are still trying t determine hw harmful micrplastics are — but what they d knw has raised cncerns. The new study suggests biling tap water culd be a tl t limit intake. “The way they demnstrated hw micrplastics were trapped thrugh the biling prcess was nice,” Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay, an envirnmental engineer f the University f Glasgw in Sctland wh was nt invlved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.”
32. Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quting an expert.B. By defining a cncept.
C. By giving examples.D. By prviding statistics.
33. What determines the effectiveness f trapping micrplastics in water?
A. The hardness f water.B. The length f cling time.
C. The frequency f filtering.D. The type f plastic in water.
34. What des the authr try t illustrate by mentining bttled water in paragraph 4?
A. The imprtance f plastic recycling.B. The severity f the micrplastic prblem.
C. The danger in verusing pure water.D. The difficulty in treating plluted water.
35. What is Gauchtte-Lindsay’s suggestin abut?
A. Chice f new research methds.B. Pssible directin fr further study.
C. Need t invlve mre researchers.D. Ptential applicatin f the findings.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly diffcult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demnstrated hw micrplastics were trapped thrugh the biling prcess was nice,” Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay, an envirnmental engineer f the University f Glasgw in Sctland wh was nt invlved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。
Passage 3
（2025年全国二卷）When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. In the past year, Detrinidad sent ut mre than 70,000 plants. Her success is just ne example f increased time at hme leading t an explsin in the huseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashin right nw,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher frm the University f Flrida. “Peple wh live in plant-rich envirnments reprt a higher life satisfactin rating, ” she says. “Adding mre nature t ur envirnment can change ur md and hw we think.” Plants can imprve ur state f mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing ur level f crtisl, the stress hrmne (激素) in ur bdy.
“Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”
If yu’re amng the grups f peple wh are enjying the mental and physical health benefits f surrunding yurself with plants, dn’t beat yurself up if ne (r a few!) desn’t make it. “Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says.
8. Hw was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A. It faced tugh cmpetitin.B. It suffered a great lss.
C. It gt lts f financial supprt.D. It went surprisingly well.
9. What is ne f Knuth’s findings abut plants?
A. They appeal mre t students.B. They purify the envirnment.
C. They raise the crtisl level.D. They enhance prductivity.
10. What des Detrinidad try t explain by mentining dctrs and lawyers?
A. The necessity f scial skills.B. The meaning f sustainability.
C. The imprtance f repeated effrts.D. The value f prfessinal pinins.
11. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Time t Replace HuseplantsB. Plants Bst Yur Md
C. Tips n Chsing HuseplantsD. Plants Brighten Yur Hme
【答案】8 D 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. (当Snja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Snja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。
11题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Bst Yur Md (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
Passage 4
（2025年全国二卷）Des yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd? Mine des. Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Fd waste is a grwing cncern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. Frm technlgical slutins t educatinal campaigns, fd prducers and sellers are lking fr ways t use mre f what we’re already grwing. But last mnth, ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu t exclusively (专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.
Fr tw weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.
A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled. Up t 84.3% is simply thrwn ut. Restaurants like Sil in the UK have experimented with zer-waste systems, but wastED tk the cncept t its lgical cnclusin.
It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.
Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways t address prblems f sustainability, and that yu can make an amazing meal ut f almst anything.
12. What can be inferred abut the authr’s early life?
A. He witnessed fd shrtage.B. He enjyed the lcal cuisine.
C. He dnated fd t Africans.D. He helped t ck at hme.
13. Why did Blue Hill carry ut the experiment?
A. T custmize dishes fr guests.B. T make the public aware f fd waste.
C. T test a fd prcessing methd.D. T imprve the UK’s zer-waste systems.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Why the ingredients were used.B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made f.D. Where the ingredients were bught.
15. What can we learn abut wastED?
A. It has ended as planned.B. It is creating new jbs.
C. It has regained ppularity.D. It is criticized by tp chefs.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。
Passage 5
（2025年1月浙江卷）A nvel design apprach t gardening has been gaining in ppularity wrldwide. Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.
The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that culd be used mdularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are gruped s that they will grw tgether abve and belw grund, frming a cperative ecsystem that cnserves water and discurages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
It takes a lt f thught t lk this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first cnsideratin. Led by the cncept f “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjy the same sil, sun and weather cnditins, and arrange them accrding t their patterns f grwth.
The benefits are substantial fr bth gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s eclgy can develp well. Established matrix gardens shuld nt need the life supprt we give mst gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Cmpared t traditinal garden plts, they increase carbn absrptin, reduce strmwater runff and bst habitat and bidiversity significantly.
28. What des the underlined wrd “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Running ut f.B. Keeping away frm.
C. Putting up with.D. Taking advantage f.
29. Why was the idea f matrix planting intrduced?
A. T cntrl weeds in large gardens.B. T bring in freign species f plants.
C. T cnserve sil and water resurces.D. T develp lw-maintenance parkland.
30. Which f the fllwing best describes Piet Oudlf’s gardens?
A. Traditinal.B. Odd-lking.
C. Tasteful.D. Well-prtected.
31. Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The future f gardening is WILD.B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C. Matrix gardens need mre CARE.D. Old garden plts wrk WONDERS.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.(Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“t garden mre like nature des”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keeping away frm.”同义。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地。故选D项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师Piet Oudlf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，Piet Oudlf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C项。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s eclgy can develp well. Established matrix gardens shuld nt need the life supprt we give mst gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Cmpared t traditinal garden plts, they increase carbn absrptin, reduce strmwater runff and bst habitat and bidiversity significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“The future f gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A项。
Passage 6
（2025年1月浙江卷）As new technlgies take n increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push t make them genderless. “Peple are steretyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered bjects in very traditinal ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanfrd assciate prfessr f rganizatinal behavir. Remving gender frm the picture altgether seems like a simple way t fix this. Yet as Martin has fund in her wrk, gender is ne f the fundamental ways peple frm cnnectins with bjects, particularly thse designed with human characteristics.
In her study, Martin asked participants t rate their attachment t male, female, and genderless versins f a digital vice assistant and a self-driving car knwn as “Miuu.” It was fund that gender increased users’ feelings f attachment t these devices and their interest in purchasing them. Fr example, participants said they wuld be less likely t buy a genderless vice assistant than versins with male r female vices.
While gendering a prduct may be gd marketing, it may als strengthen utdated r harmful ideas abut pwer and identity. The steretypes cmmnly assciated with men, such as cmpetitiveness and dminance, are mre valued than thse assciated with wmen. These qualities, in turn, are mapped nt prducts that have been assigned a gender.
Martin’s study als fund that creating a genderless bject was difficult. Fr instance, if an bject’s name was meant t sund genderless, like Miuu, participants wuld still assign a gender t it — they wuld assume Miuu was a “he” r “she.”
Martin sees a silver lining, hwever: She believes that anthrpmrphism (拟人化) “prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes.” When wmen are put int psitins f leadership like running cmpanies, it reduces negative steretypes abut wmen. Similarly, anthrpmrphized prducts culd be created t take n steretype-incnsistent rles — a male rbt that assists with nursing r a female rbt that helps d calculatins, fr instance.
32. What is the purpse f making new technlgies genderless?
A. T reduce steretypes.B. T meet public demand.
C. T cut prductin csts.D. T encurage cmpetitin.
33. What were the participants prbably asked t d in the study?
A. Design a prduct.B. Respnd t a survey.
C. Wrk as assistants.D. Take a language test.
34. Why is it difficult t create genderless bjects?
A. They cannt be mass-prduced.B. Naming them is a challenging task.
C. Peple assume they are unreliable.D. Gender is rted in peple’s mind.
35. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A. The quality f genderless prducts.B. The upside f gendering a prduct.
C. The meaning f anthrpmrphism.D. The steretypes f men and wmen.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章讲述了新技术呈现人类特质时人们试图使其去性别化，但性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式，且创造无性别物体很难，拟人化或能改变刻板印象。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘Peple are steretyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered bjects in very traditinal ways,’ says Ashley Martin, a Stanfrd assciate prfessr f rganizatinal behavir. Remving gender frm the picture altgether seems like a simple way t fix this. (斯坦福大学组织行为学副教授阿什利·马丁说：“人们以非常传统的方式对有性别的物品形成刻板印象。”完全去除物品的性别似乎是解决这个问题的简单方法)”可知，人们对有性别的物品存在刻板印象，让新技术无性别化的目的是减少这种刻板印象。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In her study, Martin asked participants t rate their attachment t male, female, and genderless versins f a digital vice assistant and a self driving car knwn as ‘Miuu.’ (在她的研究中，马丁让参与者对数字语音助手和名为‘Miuu’的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性和无性别版本的喜爱程度进行评分)”可知，参与者被要求对不同版本的产品进行评价，这类似于对调查做出回应。故选B项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Martin’s study als fund that creating a genderless bject was difficult. Fr instance, if an bject’s name was meant t sund genderless, like Miuu, participants wuld still assign a gender t it — they wuld assume Miuu was a ‘he’ r ‘she.’ (马丁的研究还发现，创造无性别对象很困难。例如，如果一个物品的名字听起来是无性别化的，比如Miuu，参与者仍然会给它赋予一个性别——他们会认为Miuu是‘他’或‘她’)”可知，因为性别观念根深蒂固在人们的脑海中，所以即使物品本身试图设计成无性别，人们还是会赋予其性别，这导致创造无性别对象很困难。故选D项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Martin sees a silver lining, hwever: She believes that anthrpmrphism (拟人化) ‘prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes.’ (然而，马丁看到了一线希望：她认为拟人化‘提供了改变刻板印象的机会’)”以及后文所举的例子可知，最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。故选B项。
Passage 7
（2025年北京卷）Nt t lng ag, n a cld winter night, there was a teenager wh wanted mre screen time and a parent wh said n. The teenager was advcating fr her right t scrll (翻屏) fr an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that nne f her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 ’clck. “I thught, in this family, we dn’t cmpare urselves with ther peple, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — wh was me, by the way — just gt served. Since they were yung, I have tld my kids nt t cmpare themselves with ther peple. I have argued cuntless times that cmparisns are the “thief f jy”.
Althugh my daughter didn’t win, she did help expse ne f the wrst pieces f advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all dne befre, which is repeat received wisdm withut explring the nuances. But nw is the time t set the recrd straight, which starts with questining the idea that all scial cmparisn is unhealthy.
Scial cmparisns d, f curse, ften get us int emtinal truble. But they can be harnessed (利用) fr ur betterment if we understand hw they wrk. The scial cmparisns we make — nes that lead us t feel gd r bad abut urselves — are vital t ur ability t thrive (成长). Science prvides a guide we can use t harness the way we perfrm these cmparisns t reduce their negative emtinal impacts.
Cmparing yurself with smene wh is utperfrming yu culd result in feelings f envy if yu fcus n the things they have and yu dn’t, r it can be energizing and inspiring if yu use these cmparisns as a surce f mtivatin, fr example, “If they can achieve that, s can I.” Cmparing yurself with smene wh is ding wrse than yu culd result in fear and wrry if yu think abut hw yu culd fall int similar circumstances, r it can draw ut feelings f gratitude and appreciatin if yu use that cmparisn t braden yur views — fr example, “Ww, things culd be much wrse; I’m ding great.”
What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. Hw we feel abut urselves rests nt just n whm we cmpare urselves with but als n hw we think abut that cmparisn. That’s smething we all have cntrl ver.
28. Hw did the authr feel abut his daughter’s argument?
A. Excited.B. Inspired.C. Energized.D. Relieved.
29. What des the wrd “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 mst prbably mean?
A. Majr achievements.B. Cmplex feelings.
C. Significant impacts.D. Fine differences.
30. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Cmparing Ourselves with Others Can Becme a Healthy Habit
B. Cmparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties
C. Scial Cmparisns Can Get Us int Emtinal Truble
D. Scial Cmparisns Can Be Cntrlled by Science
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己和女儿关于能否延长看屏幕时间的争论，引出对社会比较这一观念的思考，指出并非所有社会比较都不健康，若理解其原理，可加以利用促进自我提升。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Althugh my daughter didn’t win, she did help expse ne f the wrst pieces f advice I have ever given. (虽然我女儿没有赢，但她确实帮助揭露了我曾经给出的最糟糕的建议之一。)” 以及后文作者对社会比较的重新思考可知，作者从女儿的争论中得到了启发。故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“ In my defence, I did what we’ve all dne befre, which is repeat received wisdm withut explring the nuances. But nw is the time t set the recrd straight, which starts with questining the idea that all scial cmparisn is unhealthy. (为自己辩护一下，我做了我们所有人都做过的事，就是重复那些大家都认可的观点，却没有探究其中的____。但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。)” 可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没有深入探究不同情况，现在要重新审视，所以“nuances”意思可能是 “细微差别”。故选D。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Scial cmparisns d, f curse, ften get us int emtinal truble. But they can be harnessed (利用) fr ur betterment if we understand hw they wrk. (当然，社会比较常常会给我们带来情感困扰。但如果我们了解其运作原理，就可以利用它们来提升自我。)”，以及第四段 “Cmparing yurself with smene wh is utperfrming yu culd result in feelings f envy if yu fcus n the things they have and yu dn’t, r it can be energizing and inspiring if yu use these cmparisns as a surce f mtivatin (如果你关注那些比你表现出色的人所拥有而你没有的东西，与他们比较可能会导致嫉妒之情；但如果你将这些比较作为动力来源，它也可以让你充满活力并受到鼓舞)” 等内容，表明了社会比较并非全然有害，若运用得当可成为健康习惯，助力个人发展。所以选项 A“与他人比较可以成为一种健康的习惯”为最佳标题，故选A。
Passage 8
（2025年北京卷）The call t “knw yurself” has been there since ancient times, but ur sense f self desn’t always match what thers perceive. Cnsidering the stries we tell abut urselves can help us t change ur minds fr better.
Fr many years psychlgists saw identity as a cmbinatin f smene’s values, beliefs, gals and scial rles. Then, in the 1980s, Bb Jhnsn created the life stry mdel f identity, in which he prpses that, as we g thrugh life, these cre features are built in with ur memries t create a persnal stry thrugh which we understand ur lives.
Our life stry is smething that starts cming tgether in ur teenage years, when we begin t rganise ur lives int chapters arund key events r life changes, and begin t see urselves as bth the central character and, t a varying extent, the stry’s authr. Peple with mre cnsistent stries tend t have a strnger sense f identity, and they feel their life has mre meaning, directin and sense f purpse. Such peple shw greater verall life satisfactin, t.
Jhnsn has als investigated the link between well-being and certain stry themes. He discvered that whether smene describes having had sme cntrl ver events in their past is an imprtant predictr f a persn’s mental health. Anther key theme invlves finding sme kind f psitive meaning after stressful events. “Peple culd talk abut gaining knwledge r persnal grwth,” says Jhnsn. His research shws that this is ften missing fr peple with mental health cnditins. The gd news is that there is evidence we can learn t change ur wn stry.
Lisa Green, anther researcher, sunds a few ntes f cautin (谨慎). Fr instance, hearing abut the pwer f redemptive (拯救性的) stries, many peple may feel frced t find a psitive angle n hrrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes peple t lk fr the silver lining behind every clud.
If yu want t turn ver a new leaf, thugh, ne tp tip is that it helps t chse a significant date that signals the start f a new “chapter”. Cntrary t ppular dubt, reslutins made n I January are mre effective fr this reasn. S, whether yur gal is saving mney r getting fit, there is n better time t becme the authr f ur wn destiny (命运).
31. What can be inferred abut persnal stries?
A. They are unrelated t health.B. Cnsistent nes lead t stress.
C They are relevant t happiness.D. Thematic nes hld back change.
32. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Talking abut gains frm failure is negative.B. New Year reslutins are well received.
C. The West tends t vervalue ptimism.D. Scial rles fail t be highlighted.
33. What des the authr mainly d in this passage?
A. Clarify a gal.B. Analyse an event.
C. Make a cmparisn.D. Illustrate an apprach.
34. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Hw self-identity wrks.B. Hw stry-tellers are made.
C. Hw persnal stries raise dubts.D. Hw timing affects persnal identity.
【答案】31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间关系及如何改变个人故事。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Peple with mre cnsistent stries tend t have a strnger sense f identity, and they feel their life has mre meaning, directin and sense f purpse. Such peple shw greater verall life satisfactin, t. (拥有更一致故事的人往往有更强的身份认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、更有方向、更有目标感。这样的人总体上对生活的满意度也更高。)”可知，个人故事与幸福感相关。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“She says that Western culture already pushes peple t lk fr the silver lining behind every clud. (她说，西方文化已经促使人们在每一片乌云背后寻找一线希望。)”可知，西方倾向于过度重视乐观主义。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The call t “knw yurself” has been there since ancient times, but ur sense f self desn’t always match what thers perceive. Cnsidering the stries we tell abut urselves can help us t change ur minds fr better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bb Jhnsn created the life stry mdel f identity, in which he prpses that, as we g thrugh life, these cre features are built in with ur memries t create a persnal stry thrugh which we understand ur lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”和第四段中“Jhnsn has als investigated the link between well-being and certain stry themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，文章主要阐述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系，并举例说明了如何通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，因此作者主要是在阐述一种方法。故选D。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据尤其是由文章第一段“The call t “knw yurself” has been there since ancient times, but ur sense f self desn’t always match what thers perceive. Cnsidering the stries we tell abut urselves can help us t change ur minds fr better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bb Jhnsn created the life stry mdel f identity, in which he prpses that, as we g thrugh life, these cre features are built in with ur memries t create a persnal stry thrugh which we understand ur lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”和第四段中“Jhnsn has als investigated the link between well-being and certain stry themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“Hw self-identity wrks. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合题意。故选A。
Passage 1
（2025·福建福州·名校高三下学期5月适应性联考）G t any mvie theater r sprts venue, and it’s bvius there’s an invisible bnd that frms frm laughing, crying, and simply feeling while brushing shulders with thers. Researches have lng backed up this sense f cnnectin, but sme aspects f the phenmenn remained unclear. Nw, a new study is ffering insight.
Writing in the jurnal Ryal Sciety Open Science, Victr Chung f the Écle Nrmale Supérieure in France and his team reprted hw they examined the matter by inviting strangers t watch vides tgether in same sex pairs.
Pairs f strangers watched three types f vides tgether: psitive, negative, and neutral with a curtain between them that was either pen r clsed. At the start f the experiment the researchers asked each participant whether they’d like t meet the ther member f their pair again. After watching each vide, participants reprted their emtins and feelings f cnnectedness, and after seeing all three vides they were asked nce again abut their feelings twards the ther participant.
The results shwed the emtinal films generated strnger respnses than the neutral film. Crucially, the team said participants’ feelings f cnnectedness within the pairs was bsted when they experienced mre intense emtins. Hwever, this was nly the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them pen. The researchers said that whether r nt the pairs culd see each ther had n impact n hw psitively r negatively they felt abut the films.
“We fund that silently watching emtinal films tgether with anther individual is assciated with scial bnding, even when this persn is a stranger and withut any verbal cmmunicatin,” said Chung, the study authr.
The team added that the findings may help explain why peple seek ut grup activities that generate strng emtins, “even participating in sad memrials that cause negative emtins.” In ther wrds, because emtin bnds us, and humans have a fundamental desire t belng, we’re up fr experiences ne might think we’d naturally want t avid.
28．What can we learn abut the research methd f Victr Chung’s team?​
A．They invited pairs f strangers f different genders t watch vides.​
B．Participants watched the vides withut any physical barriers between them.​
C．Participants were asked abut their feelings nly nce during the experiment.​
D．They cmpared participants’ respnses t three types f vides with different emtinal tnes.​
29．Accrding t the study, which f the fllwing factrs mst affects the sense f cnnectedness between participants?​
A．The type f the vide they watched.​
B．Whether they culd see each ther during watching.​
C．The intensity f emtins the vide arused.​
D．The rder in which they watched the vides.​
30．What can be inferred frm the underlined sentence “this was nly the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them pen” in Paragraph 4?​
A．Watching vides with the curtain clsed had n effect n participants’ emtins.​
B．Visual cntact was a necessary cnditin fr the enhancement f cnnectedness.​
C．Participants felt mre psitive abut the films when they culd see each ther.​
D．The presence f a curtain between participants influenced their emtinal respnses t the films.​
31．What is the main idea f the passage?​
A．T intrduce a new study n hw grup activities strengthen scial bnds.​
B．T analyze the reasns why peple prefer certain types f grup activities.​
C．T explain the impact f different emtinal experiences n scial bnding.​
D．T prve that silent watching f emtinal films prmtes scial cnnectin.
【答案】28．D 29．C 30．B 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项关于共同观看情感类影片如何增强陌生人之间社交联系的研究。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Pairs f strangers watched three types f vides tgether: psitive, negative, and neutral with a curtain between them that was either pen r clsed.(成对的陌生人一起观看了三种类型的视频：积极的、消极的和中性的，他们之间有一道帘子，要么是打开的，要么是关闭的)”以及“After watching each vide, participants reprted their emtins and feelings f cnnectedness, and after seeing all three vides they were asked nce again abut their feelings twards the ther participant. (观看每段视频后，参与者需要报告自己的情绪和与对方的联结感；在看完所有三段视频后，他们会再次被问及对另一位参与者的感受)”可知，Victr Chung团队的研究方法是比较参与者对三种不同情感基调视频的反应。故选D项。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Crucially, the team said participants’ feelings f cnnectedness within the pairs was bsted when they experienced mre intense emtins.(关键是，研究团队表示，当参与者体验到更强烈的情绪时，他们之间的联系感会增强)”可知，视频唤起的情绪强度最影响参与者之间的联系感。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The results shwed the emtinal films generated strnger respnses than the neutral film. Crucially, the team said participants’ feelings f cnnectedness within the pairs was bsted when they experienced mre intense emtins. (结果显示，情感类影片比中性影片引发的反应更强烈。关键的是，研究团队称，当参与者体验到更强烈的情绪时，两人之间的联结感会增强)”可知，结果显示情感类影片比中性影片引发的反应更强烈，结合划线句子“Hwever, this was nly the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them pen.(然而，这一现象仅在参与者观看影片时中间的帘子处于打开状态的情况下才会出现)”可知，情感类影片比中性影片引发的反应更强烈只是参与者观看影片时中间的帘子处于打开状态的情况下才会出现。由此可知，视觉接触是增强联系感的必要条件。故选B项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第五段中的““We fund that silently watching emtinal films tgether with anther individual is assciated with scial bnding, even when this persn is a stranger and withut any verbal cmmunicatin,” said Chung, the study authr. (该研究作者Chung表示：“我们发现，即便与陌生人一起默默观看情感类影片，且双方没有任何语言交流，这种行为也能促进社会联结。”)”可知，文章主要介绍一项新研究，证明默默观看情感电影能促进社交联系。故选D项。
Passage 2
（2025·东北三省四市·教研联合体模拟预测）Yu’re prbably aware that yur cffee drink r bakery is laded with sugar. But did yu knw that large amunts f added sugar are als in yur breakfast cereal (谷类食物), dairy-free milk alternative and even takeut fried chicken?
“Americans are simply cnsuming t much sugar,” says Frank Hu, a prfessr f nutritin. Mst peple cnsume three times the recmmended daily limit f sugar. And it’s nt just a harmless habit.
Even if yu’ve gtten the message that t much sugar isn’t gd fr yur health and are taking steps t cut back, like switching t “lw-sugar” baked gds and diet sda, yu haven’t slved the issue and yu may have created a new prblem.
Since the 1990s, aspartame (阿斯巴甜代糖也称人工甜味剂) has been widely used as a sugar substitute (替代品) in prducts such as diet drinks, ygurt and breakfast cereal. But the sweetener has cme under thrugh examinatin fllwing a July 2023 statement frm the Internatinal Agency fr Research n Cancer that fficially classified aspartame as “pssibly carcingenic (致癌的) t humans.”
S what’s the answer? Ultimately, we need t rethink ur relatinship with the sweet stuff. Fr the mst part, the sugars that naturally ccur in an apple, a sweet ptat r a glass f milk aren’t an issue. It’s the sugar intrduced during the manufacturing f a jarred pasta sauce r when yu stir a spnful f sugar int yur cffee, fr example, that’s harming yur health.
When yu eat r drink smething with added sugar, yur bld sugar and insulin (胰岛素) rise sharply. On the ther hand, when yu chew a bwl f fresh berries, the whle fruit cntains fiber and ther cmpunds that slw hw quickly the sugar is digested, s yur bld sugar desn’t rise in the same way.
Definitely, cnsuming nt nly less added sugar but als sugar substitutes ver time is bund t make yur life a whle lt sweeter.
8．What can we prbably infer in paragraph 1?
A．The writer shws his wn puzzle.B．Peple ignre an issue abut sugar.
C．Peple take actin t give up sugar.D．Bakery has less sugar than dairy-free milk.
9．Which fd r drink may d less harm t ur health in the text?
A．Breakfast cereal.B．Diet drinks.C．Cffee drink.D．A sweet ptat.
10．Why d peple fail t cnsume less sugar?
A．Mre sugary snacks are prduced.B．Fds withut sugar pse mre health risks.
C．Sugar substitutes exist in many fds and drinks.D．Cmpunds in sugar are reprted t be carcingenic.
11．Which is the mst suitable title accrding t the text?
A．Aspartame Shuld replace sugar?B．The Bitter Truth Abut Sugar
C．Keep Away Frm SugarD．Sugar Talks Sweetly
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．C 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了现代人糖分摄入过多的问题，特别是添加糖和人工甜味剂（如阿斯巴甜）在食品中的广泛使用及其对健康的潜在影响。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yu’re prbably aware that yur cffee drink r bakery is laded with sugar. But did yu knw that large amunts f added sugar are als in yur breakfast cereal (谷类食物), dairy-free milk alternative and even takeut fried chicken?(你可能意识到你的咖啡饮料或烘焙食品中含有大量的糖。但是你知道吗，在你的早餐麦片、无乳牛奶替代品甚至外卖炸鸡中也含有大量的添加糖？)”可知，从第一段我们可以推断出人们忽略了糖的问题。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Fr the mst part, the sugars that naturally ccur in an apple, a sweet ptat r a glass f milk aren’t an issue.(在大多数情况下，苹果、红薯或一杯牛奶中天然存在的糖都不是问题。)”可知，红薯对我们的健康危害较小。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Since the 1990s, aspartame (阿斯巴甜代糖也称人工甜味剂) has been widely used as a sugar substitute (替代品) in prducts such as diet drinks, ygurt and breakfast cereal.(自20世纪90年代以来，阿斯巴甜已被广泛用作无糖饮料、酸奶和早餐麦片等产品中的代糖。)”可知，人们无法减少糖的摄入是因为糖替代品存在于许多食品和饮料中。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Yu’re prbably aware that yur cffee drink r bakery is laded with sugar. But did yu knw that large amunts f added sugar are als in yur breakfast cereal (谷类食物), dairy-free milk alternative and even takeut fried chicken?(你可能意识到你的咖啡饮料或烘焙食品中含有大量的糖。但是你知道吗，在你的早餐麦片、无乳牛奶替代品甚至外卖炸鸡中也含有大量的添加糖？)”可知，本文主要讲述了现代人糖分摄入过多的问题，特别是添加糖和人工甜味剂（如阿斯巴甜）在食品中的广泛使用及其对健康的潜在影响，因此最恰当的标题是B选项“The Bitter Truth Abut Sugar(关于糖的苦涩真相)”。故选B。
Passage 3
（2025·东北三省四市·教研联合体模拟预测）Many f the astrnauts ging up t space are amng the smartest peple n the planet. Hwever, a new NASA study has fund a surprising effect f space travel — it may actually slw dwn the human brain.
Cntrary t what yu might expect, researchers discvered that while space travelers rbit the Earth, they experience sme temprary mental slwdwns, including prcessing infrmatin slwer and difficulties with attentin and memry.
Luckily, the study als finds spending mnths in space desn’t permanently scramble (打乱) an astrnaut’s cgnitive (认知的) abilities. Their verall brain perfrmance remains remarkably resilient (有适应力的).
The study examined 25 prfessinal astrnauts wh spent an average f six mnths abard the Internatinal Space Statin. Scientists tracked their cgnitive perfrmance thrugh a series f rigrus (谨慎的) tests designed t measure everything frm prcessing speed t memry and attentin. “We shw that there is n evidence f any significant cgnitive impairment r neurdegenerative decline in astrnauts spending six mnths n the ISS,” explains Dr. Sheena Dev, the study’s lead researcher, in a media release.
S what exactly changed? Think f it like yur brain running in “lw pwer mde”. Astrnauts cmpleted tasks just as accurately as they wuld n Earth, but they tk slightly lnger t prcess infrmatin. Prcessing speed, wrking memry, and attentin were the mst affected cgnitive fields — similar t hw yu might feel after a stressful day withut enugh sleep. The mst interesting but unusual finding is hw quickly the brain adapts. Sme perfrmance changes, like slwer attentin spans, were nly nticeable early in the missin. Others, like reduced prcessing speed, tk a bit lnger t return t nrmal after the astrnauts returned t Earth.
These insights are mre than just scientific curisity. As humanity lks tward ambitius missins t the Mn and Mars, understanding hw the human brain respnds t extreme envirnments becmes crucial. This research prvides a baseline fr future space explrers, helping missin planners predict and reduce ptential cgnitive challenges.
12．Hw may astrnauts perfrm during space travel?
A．They take lnger t respnd t the tasks.B．They cmplete tasks as quickly as n earth.
C．Their cgnitive abilities are damaged heavily.D．They spend years recvering their physical health
13．What des the underlined wrd “impairment” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Imprvement.B．Damage.C．Develpment.D．Change.
14．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Astrnauts’ cgnitive abilities remain stable wherever they are.
B．Astrnauts’ perfrmance in space is much wrse than that n Earth.
C．Astrnauts’ attentin spans were always slwer in the space.
D．Astrnauts’ brain perfrmance can return t nrmal later
15．What des the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．The later plans fr space missins.B．The develpment f cgnitive study.
C．The significance f the study.D．The future f space explratin.
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了NASA的一项新研究发现，太空旅行可能导致宇航员出现短暂的认知减缓，但不会造成永久性损伤，且大脑具有恢复能力，最后强调了该研究对未来太空任务的意义。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cntrary t what yu might expect, researchers discvered that while space travelers rbit the Earth, they experience sme temprary mental slwdwns, including prcessing infrmatin slwer and difficulties with attentin and memry.(与你所期望的相反，研究人员发现，当太空旅行者绕地球飞行时，他们会经历一些暂时的思维放缓，包括处理信息的速度变慢，注意力和记忆力出现困难。)”和第五段的句子“Astrnauts cmpleted tasks just as accurately as they wuld n Earth, but they tk slightly lnger t prcess infrmatin.(宇航员完成任务和在地球上一样准确，但他们处理信息的时间稍长一些。)”可知，宇航员在太空旅行时完成任务的准确性和在地球上一样，但处理信息需要更长时间，也就是对任务的反应时间变长。故选A项。
13．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Luckily, the study als finds spending mnths in space desn’t permanently scramble (打乱) an astrnaut’s cgnitive (认知的) abilities. Their verall brain perfrmance remains remarkably resilient(幸运的是，这项研究还发现，在太空中呆上几个月并不会永久性地影响宇航员的认知能力。他们的整体大脑表现仍然非常有弹性)”可知，在太空待几个月不会永久性地损害宇航员的认知能力，可推测划线单词impairment的意义为“损害、损伤”。与damage意义一致。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Luckily, the study als finds spending mnths in space desn’t permanently scramble (打乱) an astrnaut’s cgnitive (认知的) abilities. Their verall brain perfrmance remains remarkably resilient (有适应力的)(幸运的是，这项研究还发现，在太空中呆上几个月并不会永久性地影响宇航员的认知能力。他们的整体大脑表现仍然非常有弹性)”以及第五段的句子“Others, like reduced prcessing speed, tk a bit lnger t return t nrmal after the astrnauts returned t Earth.(其他的，比如处理速度降低，在宇航员返回地球后需要更长的时间才能恢复正常。)”可知，宇航员的大脑表现之后可以恢复正常。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的句子“These insights are mre than just scientific curisity. As humanity lks tward ambitius missins t the Mn and Mars, understanding hw the human brain respnds t extreme envirnments becmes crucial. This research prvides a baseline fr future space explrers, helping missin planners predict and reduce ptential cgnitive challenges.(这些见解不仅仅是科学上的好奇心。随着人类对月球和火星的雄心壮志，了解人类大脑如何对极端环境做出反应变得至关重要。这项研究为未来的太空探索者提供了一个基线，帮助任务规划者预测和减少潜在的认知挑战。)” ，本段强调了这项研究的重要性，即其意义。故选C项。
Passage 4
（2025·山东德州·三模）In The Death and Life f Great American Cities, Jane Jacbs challenged the lngstanding practice f centralized urban planning, which treated cities as places requiring rder thrugh cntrlled centralizatin. Jacbs rejected this mindset by emphasizing her three basic principles: lcal knwledge, decentralized decisin-making, and the spntaneus (自发的) urban rder.
Jacbs argued that urban planning shuld priritize the lived experiences f residents ver abstract expertise, but cnventinal planners ften relied n statistical mdels and aesthetic (审美的) ideals, ignring the practical knwledge f city inhabitants. The East Harlem Husing Prject was a typical example f this discnnect. While fficials celebrated its mdernist twers and expansive lawns, residents criticized its islatin and lack f cmmunity integratin. When lcal residents’ needs cnflicted with central planners, the reslutin all t ften fell in favr f the “experts”.
Jacbs knew that decentralized planning was the best way t make the mst f lcal knwledge. The urban planner’s best curse f actin is t allw individuals t create their wn plans drawing n their unique preferences and lcal knwledge, helping build and maintain the spntaneus rders making urban life wrk. It cncerns the natural rder emerging frm decentralized planning: sidewalks that help keep streets safe, diverse residential and cmmercial uses, and self-gverning cmmunities.
The spntaneus rders are the result f human actin. By allwing individuals t rganize themselves in relatin t ne anther, natural urban rders emerge as flexible framewrks, empwering individuals t shape their envirnments accrding t lcal cntexts, mirrred in New Yrk City’s 1811 Grid Plan, which prvided a flexible fundatin fr diverse, adaptive develpment ver centuries and enabled residents t make chices abut husing, cmmerce, and public spaces while respecting the cmplexity f urban life.
Jacbs std up t centralized urban planning and celebrated the wisdm f average peple. Nw, she has laid the grundwrk fr an urban revlutin t cme.
12．What did Jacbs think f as a vital element in urban planning?
A．Ideas frm relevant experts.B．Human-envirnment unity.
C．Preference f urban planners.D．Aesthetic f decisin-makers.
13．What made the East Harlem Husing Prject a target fr public criticism?
A．Lack f spacius living area.B．Existence f ld-fashined buildings.
C．Layut f functining areas.D．Reliability f the lcal knwledge.
14．What des the furth paragraph fcus n?
A．The rle f scial interactin.
B．The cmplexity f urban planning.
C．The need f changing the lcal culture.
D．The limitatin f the spntaneus rders.
15．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．The Rise f Centralized Urban Planning
B．Jane Jacbs and Her Impact n American Cities
C．Urban Planning: Its Past, Present, and Future
D．Jane Jacbs: Challenging Traditinal Urban Planning
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Jane Jacbs在《美国大城市的死与生》一书中对集中式城市规划的长期做法提出挑战，并强调了本地知识、分散决策和自发城市秩序这三个基本原则在城市规划中的重要性。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Jacbs rejected this mindset by emphasizing her three basic principles: lcal knwledge, decentralized decisin-making, and the spntaneus (自发的) urban rder. (Jacbs通过强调她的三个基本原则来拒绝这种心态：本地知识、分散决策和自发的城市秩序)”以及第三段中“Jacbs knew that decentralized planning was the best way t make the mst f lcal knwledge. (Jacbs知道分散规划是充分利用本地知识的最佳方式)”可知，Jacbs认为本地知识和分散决策是城市规划中的关键要素，这体现了人与环境的统一，因为分散决策能够更好地反映和适应本地环境。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The East Harlem Husing Prject was a typical example f this discnnect. While fficials celebrated its mdernist twers and expansive lawns, residents criticized its islatin and lack f cmmunity integratin. (东哈莱姆住宅项目就是这种脱节的一个典型例子。虽然官员们称赞其现代主义塔楼和广阔的草坪，但居民们批评其孤立无援，缺乏社区融合)”可知，东哈莱姆住宅项目成为公众批评的目标是因为其功能区的布局导致孤立无援，缺乏社区融合。故选C项。
14．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The spntaneus rders are the result f human actin. By allwing individuals t rganize themselves in relatin t ne anther, natural urban rders emerge as flexible framewrks, empwering individuals t shape their envirnments accrding t lcal cntexts, mirrred in New Yrk City’s 1811 Grid Plan, which prvided a flexible fundatin fr diverse, adaptive develpment ver centuries and enabled residents t make chices abut husing, cmmerce, and public spaces while respecting the cmplexity f urban life. (自发的秩序是人类行动的结果。通过允许个体相互组织，自然的城市秩序作为灵活的框架出现，使个体能够根据当地环境塑造他们的环境，这反映在纽约市1811年的网格计划中，该计划为数百年来多样、适应性强的开发提供了灵活的基础，并使居民能够在尊重城市生活复杂性的同时，对住房、商业和公共空间做出选择)”可知，第四段主要讨论了社会互动在自发秩序形成中的作用，即通过个体之间的相互组织，自然城市秩序作为灵活的框架出现，使个体能够根据当地环境塑造他们的环境。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。纵览全文，尤其是根据第一段中“In The Death and Life f Great American Cities, Jane Jacbs challenged the lngstanding practice f centralized urban planning, which treated cities as places requiring rder thrugh cntrlled centralizatin. Jacbs rejected this mindset by emphasizing her three basic principles: lcal knwledge, decentralized decisin-making, and the spntaneus (自发的) urban rder. (在《美国大城市的死与生》一书中，Jane Jacbs对集中式城市规划的长期做法提出挑战，这种做法将城市视为需要通过集中控制来维持秩序的地方。Jacbs通过强调她的三个基本原则来拒绝这种心态：本地知识、分散决策和自发的城市秩序)”可知，文章主要介绍了Jane Jacbs对传统城市规划的挑战，并强调了她的三个基本原则在城市规划中的重要性。因此，D项“Jane Jacbs: Challenging Traditinal Urban Planning (Jane Jacbs：挑战传统城市规划)”最符合文章主旨，适宜作为标题。故选D项。
Passage 5
（2025·湖北武昌·高三5月质量检测）Peple have been enjying staring ut f the windw f the plane fr a spectacular view fr ver a century. That’s why yu may be surprised t learn that fr decades, aircraft designers have been cnsidering planes with vide screens instead f passenger windws.
In 2014, fr example, the UK-based Centre fr Prcess Innvatin (CPI) uncvered a design fr such a windwless airliner. In 2022, Dubai-based airline Emirates released Being 777s equipped with “virtual windws”. But Emirates has n plan fr a windwless airliner.
Hwever, an aircraft prducer des aim t g windwless. Fr the past few years, a privately wned Bstn-based cmpany, Spike Aerspace, has been wrking t develp the Spike S-512, an 18-passenger business jet. Instead f usual small glass windws, there will be a pair f 20-ft-lng -meter) digital vide screens that will stretch the length f the cabin (机舱) n either side f the aircraft. Multiple high definitin cameras n the utside f the plane will prvide 4K vide, which the aircraft will sew tgether, using special sftware develped by Spike Aerspace.
“Remving cnventinal glass windws frm planes has ther advantages as well, “Spike Aerspace president and CEO Vik Kachria says. Fr example, it wuld be pssible t reduce nise frm the engines. It als wuld strengthen the aircraft and make it safer. “Wherever yu have a hle is a structural weakness,” he said. If passengers are nt interested in the view, they als will be able t use the screens t d ther things. Yu can watch vides r even get hands n ffice sftware.
Kachria envisins delivering the first jet withut passenger windws in 2025. Initially, nly peple wealthy enugh t affrd a private jet will be able t enjy Spike Aerspace’s windwless flying experience. But Kachria expects that the innvative technlgy eventually will find its way int regular airliners as well.
8．Why are CPI and Emirates mentined?
A．T demnstrate their market dminance.B．T cmpare different aircraft technlgies.
C．T shw early effrts fr windwless planes.D．T explain the challenges f windwless design.
9．What is the main fcus abut Spike S-512 in Paragraph 3?
A．Its size.B．Its design.C．Its prducer.D．Its cnstructin.
10．What is special abut Spike Aerspace’s digital vide screens?
A．They reduce engine nise levels.B．They display exterir landscapes.
C．They remve structural weakness.D．They enable dcument prcessing
11．What’s Kachria’s hpe fr the windwless aircraft?
A．It will upgrade flying experience.B．It will accmdate mre passengers.
C．It will be accessible t general public.D．It will g int mass prductin in 2025.
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．D 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飞机设计领域的一个新趋势——无窗飞机，并详细阐述了这一设计的背景、现状、优势以及未来的发展前景。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In 2014, fr example, the UK-based Centre fr Prcess Innvatin (CPI) uncvered a design fr such a windwless airliner. In 2022, Dubai-based airline Emirates released Being 777s equipped with “virtual windws”. But Emirates has n plan fr a windwless airliner.(例如，2014年，英国工艺创新中心（CPI）公布了一款无窗客机的设计方案。2022年，总部位于迪拜的阿联酋航空公司推出了配备“虚拟舷窗”的波音777客机。不过，阿联酋航空并没有推出无窗客机的计划。)”可知，文章提及这两者是为了举例说明“几十年来飞机设计师一直在考虑用视频屏幕取代舷窗”的早期探索。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Instead f usual small glass windws, there will be a pair f 20-ft-lng -meter) digital vide screens that will stretch the length f the cabin (机舱) n either side f the aircraft. Multiple high definitin cameras n the utside f the plane will prvide 4K vide, which the aircraft will sew tgether, using special sftware develped by Spike Aerspace.(这款飞机没有传统的小玻璃窗，而是在机舱两侧各安装一对20英尺（约6米）长的数字视频屏幕，贯穿整个客舱。飞机外部的多个高清摄像头将提供4K视频，并通过Spike Aerspace开发的专用软件进行拼接。)”可知，本段详细描述了Spike S-512的设计特点：取消传统玻璃窗，改用两侧20英尺长的数字视频屏幕，通过外部高清摄像头和专用软件拼接4K视频。整段围绕其设计构造展开。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“If passengers are nt interested in the view, they als will be able t use the screens t d ther things. Yu can watch vides r even get hands n ffice sftware.(如果乘客对窗外景色不感兴趣，他们还可以利用屏幕做其他事情，比如观看视频，甚至使用办公软件。)”可推测，Spike Aerspace的数字屏幕可以支持文档处理。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But Kachria expects that the innvative technlgy eventually will find its way int regular airliners as well.(但Kachria预计，这项创新技术最终也会应用于普通客机。)”可知，Kachria希望这项无窗技术最终能应用于普通客机，即让更多普通乘客受益。故选C。
Passage 6
（2025·湖北武昌·高三5月质量检测）Human echlcatin (回声定位) has at times allwed peple t ride bikes r play basketball despite being cmpletely blind frm a very yung age. They typically perceive envirnment by clicking sharply with their tngues and listening t differences in the sunds reflected ff bjects.
Brain-imaging studies reveal that expert echlcatrs display respnses t sund in their brain’s primary visual regin, pssibly because lng-term input disadvantage leads t visual regins being repurpsed. “It’s traditinally thught that the blind brain is different and requires sensry lss fr this neurplasticity,” says neurscientist Lre Thaler.
Thaler c-led a 2021 study shwing that bth blind and sighted peple culd learn echlcatin in 10 weeks. They examined the brain changes underlying these abilities. After training, bth displayed respnses t eches in their visual crtex (大脑皮层), a finding that challenges the belief that primary sensry regins are whlly sense-specific.
The researchers trained 14 sighted and 12 blind peple fr tw t three hurs twice a week. They started by teaching participants t prduce muth clicks, then trained them n three tasks invlving judging bject size and rientatin, and navigating virtual webs using simulated click-plus-ech sunds tied t their psitins. Bth grups imprved n all the tasks. “This study significantly cntributes t a grwing bdy f evidence that this is a trainable, rdinary skill available t bth blind and sighted peple, “says Santani Teng, a psychlgist.
After training, bth grups shwed increased auditry (听觉的) crtex activatin and higher gray matter density in auditry areas. Mst surprisingly, they als shwed visual crtex activatin in respnse t eches. “We weren’t sure if we wuld get this result in sighted peple. s it was really rewarding t see it,” Thaler says. She suspects that rather than just prcessing visual data, this brain area takes in infrmatin frm multiple senses that aid spatial understanding.
A fllw-up survey fund that 83 percent f blind participants reprted imprved independence and well-being. The researchers are wrking t spread the training mre widely as a pwerful sensry tl fr peple with visin damage.
12．The underlined wrd “neurplasticity” in Para. 2 refers t the brain’s ____________.
A．cntrl f bdy mvementsB．resistance t external changes
C．enhancement f ld memriesD．adjustment f its wn structure
13．What des the study’s key finding shw?
A．Echlcatin is inbrn.B．Sensry lss isn’t required.
C．Sighted peple dn’t benefit.D．Auditry crtex plays a key rle.
14．Hw des the visual crtex respnd t echlcatin training?
A．It priritizes auditry input.B．It prcesses sund and space.
C．It increases gray matter density.D．It functins differently in bth grups
15．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Echlcatin Training Rewires Visual CrtexB．Sensry Lss Activates Brain Flexibility.
C．Sund-based Training Helps the Blind.D．Echlcatin Cures Visin Prblems.
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于人类回声定位的研究，表明盲人和有视力的人都能在10周内学会回声定位，训练会使视觉皮层有相应反应。
12．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Brain imaging studies reveal that expert echlcatrs display respnses t sund in their brain’s primary visual regin, pssibly because lng term input disadvantage leads t visual regins being repurpsed. “It’s traditinally thught that the blind brain is different and requires sensry lss fr this neurplasticity,” says neurscientist Lre Thaler.(脑成像研究显示，专业回声定位者大脑的初级视觉区会对声音产生反应，这可能是由于长期视觉输入缺失导致视觉区域被重新利用。神经系统科学家洛尔·塞勒说：“传统观点认为，盲人的大脑是不同的，需要感官缺失才能产生这种神经可塑性。”)”和指代关系可推知，“neurplasticity”指的是上文提到的由于长期视觉输入缺失导致视觉区域被重新利用，即“大脑自身结构因长期输入劣势而进行的调整”。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thaler c-led a 2021 study shwing that bth blind and sighted peple culd learn echlcatin in 10 weeks. They examined the brain changes underlying these abilities. After training, bth displayed respnses t eches in their visual crtex (大脑皮层), a finding that challenges the belief that primary sensry regins are whlly sense specific.(塞勒共同领导了一项2021年的研究，表明盲人和有视力的人都能在10周内学会回声定位。他们研究了这些能力背后的大脑变化。训练后，两组人在视觉皮层都对回声有反应，这一发现挑战了初级感觉区域完全特定于某种感觉的观点)”可知，该研究主要发现盲人和有视力的人都能学会回声定位，表明学习回声定位不需要感官丧失。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Mst surprisingly, they als shwed visual crtex activatin in respnse t eches. ‘We weren’t sure if we wuld get this result in sighted peple. s it was really rewarding t see it,’ Thaler says. She suspects that rather than just prcessing visual data, this brain area takes in infrmatin frm multiple senses that aid spatial understanding.(最令人惊讶的是，他们的视觉皮层也对回声做出了反应。‘我们不确定是否能在视力正常的人身上得到同样的结果。所以看到它真的很值得。’塞勒说。她怀疑这个大脑区域不仅仅是处理视觉数据，它还从多种感官中吸收信息，从而帮助理解空间)”可知，视觉皮层在回声定位训练中处理声音和空间信息。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“After training, bth displayed respnses t eches in their visual crtex (大脑皮层), a finding that challenges the belief that primary sensry regins are whlly sense specific.(训练后，两组人在视觉皮层都对回声有反应，这一发现挑战了初级感觉区域完全特定于某种感觉的观点)”以及后文内容可知，本文主要介绍了回声定位训练会使视觉皮层产生变化。故A项“Echlcatin Training Rewires Visual Crtex(回声定位训练重塑视觉皮层)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选A项。
Passage 7
（2025·重庆·高三5月质量检测）In male-n-male muse fights, the victims f aggressin ften hide behind a female muse t shift their attackers’ attentin. Think back t a time when yu were cnfrnted by a bully r fund yurself in anther challenging situatin — yu either cnfrnted the issue directly r lked fr ways t escape it, says Jshua Neunuebel at the University f Delaware. Animals ften deal with similar struggles.
Fights between male mice can be fercius, ften invlving biting, wrestling r rlling ver each ther if their encunter becmes intense. Neunuebel and his clleagues recrded mre than 3,000 aggressive fights between male mice in the lab and then prcessed the interactins with machine learning. This tl learned t recgnize certain behavirs autmatically based n vide examples that the researchers had manually labeled, such as ftage (片段) f ne male muse aggressr clsely chasing a secnd male.
The analysis revealed an attentin-shifting strategy in which a male muse ran away frm an aggressr male t apprach a female muse. That ften drve the aggressr t interact with the same female muse, taking the heat ff the victim f aggressin, which then mved away. This series f events played ut mre than half the time fllwing aggressive encunters between males. “I believe ne reasn we were able t discver this bait-and-switch strategy was that we studied grup behavir by recrding multiple mice tgether, which is much less cmmn than studying pairs f mice,” says Neunuebel.
But Markus Meister at the Califrnia Institute f Technlgy described the effects f the aggressive behavir n muse scial interactins as “small and barely significant”. “Befre investigating any underlying mechanisms, ne wuld really like t see a mre cnsistent behaviur first,” he says.
28．What is the fcus f the study?
A．Aggressive behavir f male mice.
B．Defensive strategies f male mice.
C．Differences between human and mice cnflicts.
D．Cmmunicatin between male and female mice.
29．What des the underlined wrd“fercius” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Vilent.B．Skillful.C．Endless.D．Decisive.
30．Hw did Neunuebel’s team discver the bait-and-switch strategy?
A．By studying individual mice.
B．By using high-tech tracking.
C．By changing utdr settings.
D．By bserving grup interactins.
31．What did Markus Meister think f the finding?
A．Extensive.B．Innvative.C．Uncnvincing.D．Puzzling.
【答案】28．B 29．A 30．D 31．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在雄鼠之间的争斗中，受攻击的雄鼠常常会躲在雌鼠身后以转移攻击者的注意力，研究人员通过实验对此进行了研究，同时还提到了其他学者对该研究发现的看法。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“In male-n-male muse fights, the victims f aggressin ften hide behind a female muse t shift their attackers’ attentin.(在雄鼠之间的争斗中，受攻击的一方常常躲在一只雌鼠身后，以转移攻击者的注意力)” 以及后文围绕雄鼠这种躲避攻击策略展开的研究内容可知，研究重点是雄鼠的防御策略。故选B。
29．词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词所在句“Fights between male mice can be fercius, ften invlving biting, wrestling r rlling ver each ther if their encunter becmes intense.(雄鼠之间的争斗可能会很fercius，当它们的遭遇变得紧张时，常常会涉及撕咬、扭打或相互翻滚缠斗)”中 “biting”“wrestling”“rlling ver each ther” 以及 “intense” 这些描述可知，雄鼠之间的争斗是很激烈的。fercius意为“猛烈的，激烈的”。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段“I believe ne reasn we were able t discver this bait-and-switch strategy was that we studied grup behavir by recrding multiple mice tgether, which is much less cmmn than studying pairs f mice,” says Neunuebel.(Neunuebel 说：“我认为我们能够发现这种‘诱饵与替换’策略的一个原因是我们通过同时记录多只老鼠的行为来研究群体行为，这比研究成对的老鼠要少见得多”)” 可知，Neunuebel 团队是通过记录多只小鼠一起的群体行为，即观察群体互动，从而发现了这种策略。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据第四段“But Markus Meister at the Califrnia Institute f Technlgy described the effects f the aggressive behavir n muse scial interactins as“small and barely significant”. “Befre investigating any underlying mechanisms, ne wuld really like t see a mre cnsistent behaviur first,” he says.(但加州理工学院的 Markus Meister 称，攻击行为对小鼠社交互动的影响“很小且几乎不显著”。他说：“在研究任何潜在机制之前，人们真的希望首先看到更一致的行为表现”)”可知，Markus Meister认为攻击行为对小鼠社交互动的影响小且几乎不显著，并且觉得在研究潜在机制前应先看到更稳定一致的行为表现，由此可推断他对该研究发现持怀疑态度，觉得不太令人信服。故选C。
Passage 8
（2025·湖南长沙雅礼中学·高三模拟试卷）Cats aren’t knwn fr their sensitivity. But a new study published in the jurnal Applied Animal Behaviur Science suggests that ur feline friends may care mre abut us and ther pets in the huse than we give them credit fr. What it fund was that cats respnded t the lss in a way that lked strikingly similar t murning.
T dig deeper int this phenmenn, a team led by psychlgist Jennifer Vnk and her c-authr Brittany Greene embarked n a cmprehensive investigatin. They surveyed 412 cat wners r caregivers, asking them hw their cat reacted after the death f anther pet in the huse. Participants used a five-pint scale t indicate changes in the cats’ behaviurs in the days and weeks after the death. The recrded behaviurs were numerus: altered sleep, eating and playing habits, increased vcalisatin, spending mre time alne, seeking human attentin by sitting r lying near them, shwing fear r curisity, interacting with remaining pets, grming changes, and even searching fr the lst pet by sniffing its usual spts.
Respndents were als asked t describe the relatinships between the cat and the deceased pet, as well as their wn bnds and grief. This indicated that cats frm cnnectins and respnd emtinally t lss.
It seems cats get sad when a cmpanin dies, thugh it’s hard t prve this. Sme cats changed their eating and playing habits. Others sught mre human interactin. And sme even searched the huse fr their missing family members, lingering arund the places where they used t play r sleep. Still, Jennifer cautins that there culd be ther reasns fr the changes in the behaviur besides cats’ grief. They might be eating mre because they nw have mre access t the fd bwl, r they might be playing less because they n lnger have a playmate.
But, she says, even if they d experience grief, it’s prbably different frm the kind that humans feel. It’s mre likely they’re nticing that smething has changed in their scial envirnment, and they are respnding t the change with feelings f fear r anxiety.
28．What is the main finding f the study n cats?
A．Cats are very emtinally stable animals.
B．Cats react nly by changing their eating habits.
C．Cats avid interactin with humans after a pet dies.
D．Cats might display murning behaviurs like humans.
29．What was the methd used by researchers t gather data?
A．Cnducting interviews with prfessinals.B．Asking cat wners abut their cats’ changes.
C．Studying the cats’ interactins with their wners.D．Observing the cats in a cntrlled envirnment.
30．Accrding t the study, which f the fllwing behaviurs may be unrelated t grief?
A．Sitting r lying near humans.B．Seeking mre interactin with humans.
C．Eating mre when there is fd arund.D．Searching the huse fr the missing pet.
31．Why des Jennifer think cats react emtinally t anther pet’s lss?
A．They are experiencing the same grief as humans.
B．They feel abandned and fearful when left alne.
C．They respnd t changes in their scial envirnment.
D．They have develped strng friendships with ther pets.
【答案】28．D 29．B 30．C 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究表明猫与家中的人类和其他宠物之间可能有更深的情感联系，它们会在同伴或家中其他宠物死亡后表现出类似于人类的哀悼行为，但猫表现出的这种悲伤与人类的悲伤不同，而是以恐惧或焦虑等情绪对社会环境变化作出的反应。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“What it fund was that cats respnded t the lss in a way that lked strikingly similar t murning.(研究发现，猫对损失的反应与哀悼惊人地相似。)”可知，研究发现猫对家中成员的离世作出的反应看起来与哀悼极为相似。故选D。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They surveyed 412 cat wners r caregivers, asking them hw their cat reacted after the death f anther pet in the huse. Participants used a five-pint scale t indicate changes in the cats’ behaviurs in the days and weeks after the death. (他们调查了412名猫主人或看护者，询问他们的猫在家里另一只宠物死亡后的反应。参与者使用五分制来指示猫在死后几天和几周内的行为变化。)”可知，研究人员对412名养猫人士展开调查，询问他们在家中另一只宠物死后，他们的猫有何反应、行为有何变化，然后据此进行数据收集。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Still, Jennifer cautins that there culd be ther reasns fr the changes in the behaviur besides cats’ grief. They might be eating mre because they nw have mre access t the fd bwl, r they might be playing less because they n lnger have a playmate. (不过，珍妮弗提醒说，除了猫的悲伤之外，可能还有其他原因导致猫的行为变化。他们可能会吃得更多，因为他们现在有更多的机会接触到食物碗，或者他们可能会玩得更少，因为他们不再有玩伴。)”可知，猫的行为变化可能还有其他原因，比如因为更容易获取食物而吃得更多，但这一行为和悲伤无关。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But, she says, even if they d experience grief, it’s prbably different frm the kind that humans feel. It’s mre likely they’re nticing that smething has changed in their scial envirnment, and they are respnding t the change with feelings f fear r anxiety. (但是，她说，即使它们确实经历了悲伤，也可能与人类的感受不同。更有可能的是，他们注意到他们的社会环境发生了变化，他们对这种变化的反应是恐惧或焦虑。)”可知，珍妮弗认为猫的确有悲伤情绪，但这种情绪与人类的可能不同，猫之所以会有悲伤情绪可能是因为在其他宠物死亡后，它们注意到自己所处的社会环境发生了变化，并正在以悲伤和焦虑等情绪对这种变化作出反应。故选C。
Passage 9
Passage 9
（2025·湖南长沙雅礼中学·高三模拟试卷）In 1780, Jeremy Bentham wrte the first lines f the first chapter f ne f his mst famus wrks. It read, “Nature has placed mankind under the gvernance f tw masters: pain and pleasure. It is fr them alne t pint ut what we ught t d, as well as t determine what we shall d.”
The British philspher built an entire philsphy arund this idea — that we are all mtivated by pleasure and pain. Lucky fr him, then, that almst all f the scial sciences tday agree with him. Mre than that, many behaviral scientists believe we can game ur wn mechanisms f pleasure and pain and achieve anything. It’s all t d with smething called “Skinner’s Law”.
Skinner’s Law, named after American behavirist B．F. Skinner, is that when yu are prcrastinating (拖延) r finding a task hard t get n with, yu have tw chices: either “make the pain f nt ding it greater than the pain f ding it” r “make the pleasure f ding it greater than the pleasure f nt ding it.”
The next questin is: Is it better t prmise yurself pleasure r t threaten yurself with pain t achieve yur gal? It turns ut that pain is by far the strnger mtivatr. Daniel Kahneman wn the 2002 Nbel Prize fr a thery called “Prspect Thery.” He and Ams Tversky shwed that we find pain mre mtivating than equivalent (等同的) pleasure.
Using all f this, here are tw practical bits f advice:
Make a bet: Find a friend r a family member, and bet them sme sum f mney r sme item yu value that yu will d a certain thing. “Okay, Dad,” yu might say, “if I’m nt 5 punds lighter by my birthday, yu can have my PlayStatin 5.”
Scial accuntability: Tell everyne yu’re trying t d smething. Tell them yur target and yur deadline. Keep peple updated abut yur prgress. This serves tw purpses: t present the carrt and the stick. The carrt is that yu get praise, supprt, and advice frm yur clsest relatives. The stick is that yu might be embarrassed r ashamed if yu fail.
32．What are Bentham’s wrds mainly abut?
A．The primary rt f human suffering.
B．The driving frces behind human behavir.
C．The fundamental principles f nature’s law.
D．The rle f scial sciences in understanding humans.
33．What des the underlined wrd “game” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Evaluate.B．Cntrl.C．Strengthen.D．Understand.
34．What des the authr suggest readers d t stick with their task?
A．Enjy the pain f lsing things.
B．Wrk tgether with a trusted partner.
C．Infrm thers f their advancements regularly.
D．Keep reminding themselves f the deadline.
35．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Overcming Prcrastinatin: Strategies fr Success
B．The Origins f Skinner’s Law: A Histrical Review
C．The Pwer f Pleasure: A Behaviral Science Analysis
D．Reclaim Yur Mtivatin: Applying Skinner’s Law
【答案】32．B 33．B 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是作者建议读者运用斯金纳定律（Skinner’s Law）调节自己完成任务过程中的痛苦和快乐，并进一步强调痛苦作为激励因素的主要力量，帮助人们维持做事的动力，从而实现目标。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““Nature has placed mankind under the gvernance f tw masters: pain and pleasure. It is fr them alne t pint ut what we ught t d, as well as t determine what we shall d.”(“大自然将人类置于两位主宰者的统治之下：痛苦与快乐。唯有它们能为我们指明应当做什么，也能决定我们将做什么。”)”可知，Bentha的话主要讨论了人类行为背后的驱动力，即痛苦和快乐，这是他认为影响人类决策和行为的主要因素，故选B项。
33．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Mre than that, many behaviral scientists believe we can game ur wn mechanisms f pleasure and pain and achieve anything. It’s all t d with smething called “Skinner’s Law”.(更重要的是，许多行为科学家认为，我们可以game自己的快乐和痛苦机制，实现任何目标。这都与“斯金纳定律”有关。)”可知，此处引出了斯金纳定律的概念，由此可知，划线词所在句应与斯金纳定律的应用相关，文章第三段“when yu are prcrastinating (拖延) r finding a task hard t get n with, yu have tw chices: either “make the pain f nt ding it greater than the pain f ding it” r “make the pleasure f ding it greater than the pleasure f nt ding it.(当你拖延或发现一项任务难以完成时，你有两个选择：要么“让不做的痛苦大于做的痛苦”，要么“让做的快乐大于不做的快乐”)”对斯金纳定律进行了具体介绍，由此可推测，我们可以通过“控制”我们内在的痛苦和快乐机制来维持做事的动力，进而达成目标，所以划线词game的意思与B项Cntrl(控制)意思相近，故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Tell everyne yu’re trying t d smething. Tell them yur target and yur deadline. Keep peple updated abut yur prgress.(告诉大家你在努力做点什么。告诉他们你的目标和截止日期。让别人了解你的最新进展。)”可知，作者建议读者定期告知他人自己的进展，以坚持自己的任务，故选C项。
35．主旨大意题。文章第一段由Bentha的话指出痛苦和快乐是人类行为背后的驱动力，文章第二段提出斯金纳定律，文章第三段对斯金纳定律进行介绍，文章第四段至最后一段主要讲述了如何利用斯金纳定律来重新激发和控制我们的内在动机，即通过增加不采取行动的痛苦或增加采取行动快乐来实现目标，纵观全文，D项“Reclaim Yur Mtivatin: Applying Skinner’s Law(重拾动力：应用斯金纳定律)”准确地概括了文章的主要内容和主题，作为文章标题最合适，故选D项。
Passage 10
（2025·石家庄·高三质量检测（三））Scientists have been lking at DNA t stre all types f data, nt just bilgical, but als digital. Yet while DNA is a great strage material, it’s als quite delicate. Water r heat can damage it easily unless it’s given an amber-like（似琥珀）cating. That new idea was brrwed frm the 1993mvie Jurassic Park, in which scientists clned dinsaurs frm DNA trapped in amber.
DNA is the wrld’s ldest data strage device. The mst amazing thing abut DNA is that it can ptentially be used t stre any type f data. Putting infrmatin int DNA uses a prcess called encding. “Yur cmputer stres infrmatin in a binary frmat（二进制）, zeres and nes,” ntes Karishma Matange, a cmputatinal bilgist. “Encding wrks t change these zeres and nes int A, C, G and T, the DNA bases that can stre infrmatin.” The rder f the bases in DNA is called sequence（序列）, which spells ut the infrmatin it hlds. T pull infrmatin back ut frm the DNA, yu rewind the prcess.
Scientists can stre DNA fr lng perids. But it requires freezing temperatures, special equipment and dangerus chemicals, which makes the prcess cstly. James Banal, a scientist in San Carls, Califrnia, and his team came up with a new methd T-REX. His team uses this methd t trap DNA in a material similar t plastic. “Plastics are durable.” Banal pints ut. Besides, T-REX is a cheap alternative t enclse DNA．
T test it, the team encded the Jurassic Park theme music and a persn’s genme int DNA．Then they put the DNA in the glassy plastic. Damp and heat are DNA’s biggest threats. But the T-REX material keeps damp ut. The researchers heated it up t 75°Celsius. Later, they gt the DNA by breaking the cating dwn. The best part, Banal says, is that the brken-dwn material can be reused t stre DNA again.
Banal and his clleagues want t use the T-REX methd t preserve genetic data r even safely stre bilgical samples that will be launched int space. And we might ne day use it t stre the massive amunts f data peple generate every day.
28．Hw is digital infrmatin stred int DNA?
A．By turning binary cde int DNA bases.B．By freezing the DNA at lw temperatures.
C．By cating the DNA with amber material.D．By sequencing DNA frm ancient samples.
29．What is the main advantage f the T-REX methd fr DNA strage?
A．Breaking DNA dwn with chemicals.B．Offering cst-effective strage f DNA．
C．Helping DNA survive extreme wetness.D．Withdrawing whle DNA frm dinsaurs.
30．What will the DNA strage technlgy be used fr in the future?
A．Clning extinct dinsaurs.B．Reducing glbal plastic pllutin.
C．Preserving diverse samples.D．Speeding future space explratin.
31．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．A breakthrugh in DNA data strage technlgy.
B．Hw digital technlgy advances DNA analysis.
C．The bilgical applicatins f DNA repairing system.
D．Hw Jurassic Park inspired DNA preservatin research.
【答案】28．A 29．B 30．C 31．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了DNA存储数据的原理，传统存储的缺陷及T-REX新方法，其成本低、耐用，未来或用于多领域存储。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Putting infrmatin int DNA uses a prcess called encding. “Yur cmputer stres infrmatin in a binary frmat (二进制), zeres and nes,” ntes Karishma Matange, a cmputatinal bilgist. “Encding wrks t change these zeres and nes int A, C, G and T, the DNA bases that can stre infrmatin.” (将信息输入DNA需要一个称为编码的过程。计算生物学家Karishma Matange指出：“你的计算机以二进制格式（0和1）存储信息。”。“编码的作用是将这些0和1转换为A、C、G和T，即可以存储信息的DNA碱基。”)”可知，数字信息是通过将二进制数据转换为DNA的四种碱基（A、C、G、T）进行存储的。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Besides, T-REX is a cheap alternative t enclse DNA. (此外，T-REX是包裹DNA的廉价替代品。)”和第四段“But the T-REX material keeps damp ut. The researchers heated it up t 75° Celsius. Later, they gt the DNA by breaking the cating dwn. The best part, Banal says, is that the brken-dwn material can be reused t stre DNA again. (但T-REX材料可以防潮。研究人员将其加热至75摄氏度。后来，他们通过分解涂层获得了DNA。Banal说，最好的部分是，分解的材料可以再次用于存储DNA。)”可知，T-REX方法既成本低廉，又能防潮，并且可以重复使用材料来存储DNA，因此，T-REX方法的主要优势是提供了一种经济有效的DNA存储方式。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Banal and his clleagues want t use the T-REX methd t preserve genetic data r even safely stre bilgical samples that will be launched int space. And we might ne day use it t stre the massive amunts f data peple generate every day. (Banal和他的同事们希望使用T-REX方法来保存遗传数据，甚至安全地存储将被发射到太空的生物样本。有一天，我们可能会用它来存储人们每天生成的大量数据。)”可知，DNA存储技术未来将用于保存多样化的样本。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Scientists have been lking at DNA t stre all types f data, nt just bilgical, but als digital. Yet while DNA is a great strage material, it’s als quite delicate. (科学家们一直在研究DNA来存储所有类型的数据，不仅是生物数据，还有数字数据。然而，尽管DNA是一种很好的存储材料，但它也很脆弱。)”和文章第三段“James Banal, a scientist in San Carls, Califrnia, and his team came up with a new methd T-REX. His team uses this methd t trap DNA in a material similar t plastic. “Plastics are durable.” Banal pints ut. Besides, T-REX is a cheap alternative t enclse DNA. (加利福尼亚州圣卡洛斯的科学家James Banal和他的团队提出了一种新的方法T-REX。他的团队使用这种方法将DNA捕获在类似塑料的材料中。巴纳尔指出：“塑料很耐用。”。此外，T-REX是包裹DNA的廉价替代品。)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家们一直在研究使用DNA来存储各种类型的数据，并介绍了DNA作为存储材料的优缺点，以及一种新的DNA存储方法T-REX的研发和应用。因此，文章的主旨大意是DNA数据存储技术的突破。故选A。
Passage 11
（2025·石家庄·高三质量检测（三））Have yu ever had smething gd happen t yu and felt like shuting it frm the rftps? Sharing psitive events with thers and receiving an enthusiastic respnse in return has been tied t many gd utcmes, including clser relatinships and greater happiness. Nw, a new study suggests anther benefit f sharing the gd stuff: mre feelings f gratitude.
The researchers started by asking 300 participants hw ften they tended t share gd news, and hw ther peple in their lives generally respnded t their gd news. Then, six times a day fr 10 days, the researchers asked participants t reprt n hw grateful they were in the mment, hw recently they’d had a scial encunter, whether they’d shared gd news with that persn, and hw clse they felt t the persn as a result.
Afterward, the researchers analyzed the results t lk fr patterns. They fund thse wh shared psitive events with thers felt mre grateful in the mment and clser t the persn with whm they shared the news. In additin, peple with a tendency t share gd news and receive enthusiastic respnses were the mst grateful in the grup, verall.
Sharing gd news calls attentin t the gd things happening in yur life, says Alexandra Gray, study cauthr f Nrtheastern University. Fr example, yu might tell a friend what a great time yu had ver the hlidays, and in recunting what happened, yu can re-experience the psitive feelings and becme even mre appreciative.
Getting an enthusiastic respnse t yur gd news is als imprtant, says Gray, because it makes yu feel recgnized, and cared fr in a way that strengthens yur relatinship, and als leads t gratitude.
Thugh there’s still mre research t be dne, Gray suggests peple nt hld back n sharing their gd news with thers, r n shwing enthusiasm when thers share gd news with them. We all have a rle t play in helping psitivity spread.
32．Hw did the researchers cnduct the study?
A．By analyzing participants’ daily reprts.B．By bserving participants’ scial encunters.
C．By studying participants’ attitudes t sharing.D．By tracking participants’ interactive behavir.
33．What des the underlined wrd “recunting” prbably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Repeating.B．Analyzing.C．Inquiring.D．Recalling.
34．What can we infer abut psitive respnses t shared gd news?
A．They bst the sharer’s self-awareness.B．They serve t cnfirm the listener’s pinins.
C．They are mre influential if given by friends.D．They make peple mre cnnected with thers.
35．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T discuss the key t strng friendships.
B．T encurage peple t share gd news.
C．T cmpare ways peple react t gd news.
D．T analyze hw gratitude imprves happiness.
【答案】32．A 33．D 34．D 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述一项新研究表明分享好消息除了能带来如更亲密的关系和更大的幸福感等好处外，还能带来更多的感恩之情，并介绍了研究过程及分享好消息和对好消息给予热情回应的重要性。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段“Then, six times a day fr 10 days, the researchers asked participants t reprt n hw grateful they were in the mment, hw recently they’d had a scial encunter, whether they’d shared gd news with that persn, and hw clse they felt t the persn as a result. (然后，在 10 天的时间里，研究人员每天询问参与者 6 次，他们当时的感恩程度，最近一次社交接触的时间，是否与那个人分享了好消息，以及因此对那个人的亲近感。)” 可推知研究人员是通过分析参与者的日常报告来进行研究的。故选A。
33．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Fr example, yu might tell a friend what a great time yu had ver the hlidays, and in recunting what happened, yu can re-experience the psitive feelings and becme even mre appreciative. (例如，你可能会告诉朋友你在假期过得多么愉快，在 recunting 发生的事情时，你可以重新体验积极的感觉，变得更加感激。)” 可知，你可以重新体验积极的感觉，变得更加感激，所以是在回忆的时候发生的，故recunting 是回忆的意思。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段“They fund thse wh shared psitive events with thers felt mre grateful in the mment and clser t the persn with whm they shared the news. (他们发现，那些与他人分享积极事件的人，当下会感到更感恩，并且与他们分享消息的人关系更亲密。)” 以及第五段“Getting an enthusiastic respnse t yur gd news is als imprtant, says Gray, because it makes yu feel recgnized, and cared fr in a way that strengthens yur relatinship, and als leads t gratitude. (格雷说，对你的好消息得到热情回应也很重要，因为它让你感到被认可、被关心，从而加强你们的关系，也会带来感恩之情。)” 可推知对分享的好消息的积极回应能让人们与他人联系更紧密。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thugh there’s still mre research t be dne, Gray suggests peple nt hld back n sharing their gd news with thers, r n shwing enthusiasm when thers share gd news with them. We all have a rle t play in helping psitivity spread. (尽管仍有更多研究要做，但格雷建议人们不要在与他人分享好消息时有所保留，或者当他人与自己分享好消息时不要吝啬热情。我们都可以在帮助积极情绪传播中发挥作用。)” 可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们分享好消息。故选B。
Passage 12
（2025·广东省深圳·高三下学期第一次调研）Self-cnfidence is trusting in ur abilities r qualities. It’s usually seen as a gd thing. But is it pssible that we might benefit frm a little less cnfidence in ur beliefs?
Fr many years, Dr. Mark Leary, a neurscientist at Duke University in Durham, N.C． , has studied the rle f peple’s beliefs in their behavir. He fund vercnfidence is very cmmn, especially when it cmes t what peple believe t be true, and can lead us t disastrus decisins. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk f lss fr any space flight was rughly 1 in 100,000. It was an vercnfident belief and might have led t the explsin f the Challenger. The gd news is that there’s a “vaccine (疫苗)” fr vercnfidence, and that’s what scientists call “intellectual humility”— recgnizing that yur beliefs culd be wrng.
A survey f 144 cllege students t measure their intellectual humility fund that students wh saw their thinking culd be wrng tended t be mre curius and mre likely t seek ut new knwledge. They ended up knwing mre at the end f the day. But des it actually help yu beynd that?
T find ut mre, Dr. Tenelle Prter at Ball State University cnducted a series f studies with high schl students. She fund that students with intellectual humility were much mre likely t test themselves t see whether they really understd the material and seek ut ptential hles in their understanding. When they gt test scres, they’d change their study strategics t imprve their perfrmance and master the material fr the next test.
Students wh didn’t see their knwledge culd be wrng might instead just sail thrugh their studying and wuldn’t stp t ask themselves if they truly understd what they read, heard, r did. Such students thught they gt a subject dwn pat, but when asked t explain it n a test, they fund they didn’t actually understand as much as they had thught.
Althugh it might be gd fr yu, researchers recgnize that questining yur beliefs can be truly hard. Still, it’s imprtant t remember that questining beliefs isn’t always abut replacing ld nes with new nes. If yu find it hard t questin a belief, try taking “baby steps.”
8．Why des the authr mentin the explsin f the Challenger?
A．T express his srrw fr the lss.
B．T stress the high risk f space flights.
C．T shw the result f wrng peratin.
D．T give an example f vercnfidence.
9．What d we knw abut intellectual humility accrding t Prter’s research?
A．It urged students t gain recgnitin.
B．It encuraged students t take exams.
C．It helped students t adjust learning methds.
D．It mtivated students t memrize knwledge.
10．What d the underlined wrds “gt a subject dwn pat” mean in paragraph 5?
A．Fully mastered a subject.B．Put great effrt int a subject
C．Really enjyed a subject.D．Benefited a lt frm a subject.
11．What will prbably be discussed in the fllwing paragraphs?
A．Why questining ur belief is hard.
B．Why intellectual humility is helpful.
C．Hw t becme a cnfident persn.
D．Hw t practice intellectual humility.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家的研究，通过具体研究案例，来说明智力谦逊如何帮助人们更好地学习和调整学习策略。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段第二至第四句“He fund vercnfidence is very cmmn, especially when it cmes t what peple believe t be true, and can lead us t disastrus decisins. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk f lss fr any space flight was rughly 1 in 100,000. It was an vercnfident belief and might have led t the explsin f the Challenger. (他发现过度自信非常普遍，尤其是在人们认为某件事情正确时，这种过度自信可能会导致灾难性的决策。1986年，NASA认为每次太空飞行发生损失的风险大约是1/100,000。这种过度自信的信念可能引发了“挑战者号”的爆炸)”可知，作者先介绍了科学家发现过度自信可能导致严重后果，之后提及1986年这起灾难。由此推知，提及“挑战者号”爆炸是说明过度自信会导致灾难的一个例子。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“She fund that students with intellectual humility were much mre likely t test themselves t see whether they really understd the material and seek ut ptential hles in their understanding. When they gt test scres, they’d change their study strategics t imprve their perfrmance and master the material fr the next test. (她发现，智力谦逊的学生更有可能去检验自己是否真正理解了学习材料，并寻找自己理解上的漏洞。当他们看到考试成绩时，他们会调整学习策略，以提高学习表现，并掌握好材料为下一次考试做准备)”可知，智力谦逊这种特质会使学生及时反思自己的学习，相应调整学习方法。故选C项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第五段第二句“Such students thught they gt a subject dwn pat, but when asked t explain it n a test, they fund they didn’t actually understand as much as they had thught. (这些学生以为自己对某个科目gt dwn pat，但在考试中被要求解释时，他们发现自己的理解并没有自己想象的那么多)”可知，学生们在考试之前应是对自己比较自信，认为自己对该相关知识十分了解，或已经全会了，但到考场答题时，才发现自己会的不如原本所认为的那么多。由此可知，gt a subject dwn pat应是“对某科目了解很多”或“对某科目完全掌握”之意。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The gd news is that there’s a “vaccine (疫苗)” fr vercnfidence, and that’s what scientists call “intellectual humility”— recgnizing that yur beliefs culd be wrng. (好消息是，过度自信有一种“疫苗”，科学家称之为“智力谦逊”——即认识到你的信念可能是错误的)”及全文最后一句“If yu find it hard t questin a belief, try taking “baby steps.” (如果你觉得很难质疑一种信念，可以尝试迈出“一小步”)”可知，最后一句中所说的“questin a belief”即前文所说的“recgnizing that yur beliefs culd be wrng”，也就是第二段最后一句引号中所言的“智力谦逊”。全文最后一句又说，“可以尝试迈出‘一小步’”。由此推知，所谓的“一小步”究竟该怎么做，会在下文进行介绍，即如何练习做到“智力谦虚”。故选D项。
Passage 13
（2025·广东省深圳·高三下学期第一次调研）The ability t detect a nearby presence withut seeing r tuching it may sund fantastical — but it’s a real ability that sme creatures have. A family f African fish knwn as Mrmyrids are weakly electric, and have special rgans that can lcate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have nw develped an artificial sensr system mdelled n the ability f these fish.
“We develped a new strategy fr 3D mtin psitining by electrnic skin, bi-inspired by ‘electric fish’,” says Dr. Xinge Yu, an assciate prfessr in the Department f Bimedical Engineering at the City University f Hng Kng. The team described their e-skin sensr in a paper published n Nvember 14 in Nature.
The artificial sensr is multi-layered. One layer acts as a transmitter (发射器), which will generate an electric field nce activated, and anther layer acts as a receiver t detect bth the directin and the distance t an bject. A separate cntrller creates the driving signal t activate the transmitter. When an bject cmes within range, the electric field arund the sensr is disrupted (扰乱), which in turn can be detected by the receiver. This data is then prcessed by a micrcntrller unit, which cmputes the psitin f the target bject and sends that infrmatin t a smartphne r ther devices.
A special bigel (生物凝胶) is used in the sensr, which has the ability t transmit and receive electric signals frm a pattern f micrchannels n the surface. The end result is a sensr that is thin, sft and flexible, making it csy t adapt t irregular surfaces, such as the human bdy. In cntrast t the traditinal sensr system that needs a large number f sensrs t achieve spatial psitining, the new system can lcate an bject precisely in 3D space using just a few sensrs. This significantly reduces the pwer cnsumptin f data cllectin, transmissin, and prcessing.
The researchers hpe that this sensr culd ne day pen up a new range f wearable technlgies, including sensrs fr human-machine interactin and thin, flexible e-skin.
12．The first paragraph aims t shw __________.
A．the special ability f African fish
B．the inspiratin fr a new inventin
C．the big challenge f lcating bjects
D．the reasn fr develping a sensr
13．What is the crrect rder f the system’s wrking prcedures?
a. The transmitter creates an electric field.
b. A unit cmputes the psitin f the target.
c. The cntrller sends the activating signal.
d. The receiver detects the change f electric signals.
e. The electric field is disrupted by an appraching bject.
A．c-a-e-d-b.B．c-a-d-e-b.
C．a-c-e-d-b.D．a-e-c-d-b.
14．What is an advantage f the new sensr system?
A．Its sensitivity t different stimulatins.
B．Its adaptatin t envirnmental changes.
C．Its efficiency in achieving 3D psitining.
D．Its speed in data cllectin and prcessing.
15．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E-skin
B．Bi-inspired Sensr “Feels” Withut Tuching
C．E-Skin Sensr: The Future f Machine Learning
D．Electric Fields: The Frntier f Object Detectin
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种仿生传感器，灵感来自一种鱼类，无需触摸即可感知物体的位置。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A family f African fish knwn as Mrmyrids are weakly electric, and have special rgans that can lcate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have nw develped an artificial sensr system mdelled n the ability f these fish. (一种被称为电鱼的非洲鱼类是弱电性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，即使它躲在泥里。科学家们现在已经开发出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器系统)”可知，第一段主要介绍了一种鱼类，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，受此启发，科学家们开发出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器系统，由此可知，第一段旨在介绍一个新发明的灵感。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The artificial sensr is multi-layered. One layer acts as a transmitter (发射器), which will generate an electric field nce activated, and anther layer acts as a receiver t detect bth the directin and the distance t an bject. A separate cntrller creates the driving signal t activate the transmitter. When an bject cmes within range, the electric field arund the sensr is disrupted (扰乱), which in turn can be detected by the receiver. This data is then prcessed by a micrcntrller unit, which cmputes the psitin f the target bject and sends that infrmatin t a smartphne r ther devices. (人工传感器是多层的。一层充当发射器，一旦激活就会产生电场，另一层充当接收器，检测物体的方向和距离。一个单独的控制器产生驱动信号来激活发射器。当物体进入范围内时，传感器周围的电场会被扰乱，这反过来又可以被接收器检测到。然后，微控制器单元处理这些数据，计算目标物体的位置，并将该信息发送到智能手机或其他设备)”可知，工作过程是控制器发送激活信号，发射器产生电场，电场被接近的物体扰乱，接收器检测电信号的变化，一个微控制器单元计算目标的位置，结合选项可知，系统工作程序的正确顺序是“c-a-e-d-b”。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In cntrast t the traditinal sensr system that needs a large number f sensrs t achieve spatial psitining, the new system can lcate an bject precisely in 3D space using just a few sensrs. This significantly reduces the pwer cnsumptin f data cllectin, transmissin, and prcessing. (与需要大量传感器来实现空间定位的传统传感器系统相比，新系统可以使用几个传感器在3D空间中精确定位物体。这大大降低了数据收集、传输和处理的功耗)”可知，新传感器系统在实现3D定位方面的效率更高，大大降低了数据收集、传输和处理的功耗，由此可知，新传感器系统的优点是它在实现3D定位方面的效率更高。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A family f African fish knwn as Mrmyrids are weakly electric, and have special rgans that can lcate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have nw develped an artificial sensr system mdelled n the ability f these fish. (一种被称为电鱼的非洲鱼类是弱电性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，即使它躲在泥里。科学家们现在已经开发出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器系统)”可知，文章主要介绍了受生物启发开发的一种新型传感器，该传感器能够通过电场感知物体而无需接触，具备灵活、高效的特点。B选项“Bi-inspired Sensr “Feels” Withut Tuching(受生物启发的传感器“无需接触即可感知”)”准确概括了文章的核心内容。故选B项。
Passage 14
（2025·湖南长沙第一中学·一模）Every day, yu likely hear a new piece f advice. One suggestin yu may hear is t “fake it until yu make it”, especially if yu’re starting smething new, like a jb. But is it really gd advice?
Fake it till yu make it is an expressin in which a persn imitates (模仿) the cnfidence r skills they need t succeed in what they are ding in the hpe that they will eventually feel real. Advcates f this idea say yu can fake cnfidence and hpe that, eventually, it will inspire real cnfidence.
The best time t use this strategy may be when yu’re trying t change yur behavir t imprve yurself. If yu aim t bst yur wrk prductivity, yu might draw inspiratin frm yur mre efficient clleagues. This way can help yu learn strategies t enhance yur perfrmance. Similarly, in yur persnal life, striving t be mre friendly and warm can initially feel awkward but will ultimately fster better relatinships with thse arund yu.
Unfrtunately, faking it till yu make it desn’t always bring sunshine, lllipps, and rainbws. It may nt wrk when dealing with hard skills, assisting thers, r faking wh yu are. Fr example, it is incredibly hard t fake technical skills and cmpetence like sftware experience. It’s als hard t assist thers if yu lack understanding f the subject. Mrever, pretending t be smene yu’re nt r making false claims can be expsed.
One study shws that it can snwball int impster syndrme, which can arise when individuals feel their success is undeserved and fear being expsed as a fake. Unfrtunately, faking it till yu make it can exacerbate that syndrme, leading t avidance and negative impacts n prductivity and well-being.
In cnclusin, there is a difference between learning new behavirs and lying abut yur identity r skills. One can build yu int a better wrker r friend, but the latter can get yu int truble. “Fake it till yu make it” can be a useful apprach fr sme, while it can als cntribute t impster syndrme fr thers.
8．Why d sme peple adpt the strategy “fake it till yu make it”?
A．T criticize the behavir f thers.
B．T make thers trust their abilities.
C．T avid taking n new challenges.
D．T gain cnfidence thrugh imitatin.
9．In what type f situatin might “fake it till yu make it” be ineffective?
A．When taking up a new hbby.
B．When trying t stay fcused in class.
C．When teaching thers cmputer skills.
D．When scializing with yur classmates.
10．What des the underlined wrd “exacerbate” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Wrsen.B．Relieve.
C．Prevent.D．Recgnize.
11．What is the authr’s main viewpint n the strategy “fake it till yu make it”?
A．It can be psitive r negative.
B．It is a useful tl in ur daily life.
C．It is mre harmful in the lng run.
D．It’s always gd fr persnal grwth.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨“假装成功直到真的成功”这一策略的有效性、适用场景及潜在问题。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fake it till yu make it is an expressin in which a persn imitates the cnfidence r skills they need t succeed in what they are ding in the hpe that they will eventually feel real. Advcates f this idea say yu can fake cnfidence and hpe that, eventually, it will inspire real cnfidence. (“假装成功直到真的成功”是指一个人模仿成功所需的自信或技能，希望最终能拥有真实的自信。这一理念的拥护者认为，人们可以通过假装自信，最终激发真正的自信)”可知，有些人采用这一策略是为了通过模仿获得自信。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It may nt wrk when dealing with hard skills, assisting thers, r faking wh yu are. Fr example, it is incredibly hard t fake technical skills and cmpetence like sftware experience. It's als hard t assist thers if yu lack understanding f the subject. (在处理硬技能、帮助他人或伪装自我时，这一策略可能行不通。例如，很难伪造软件经验等技术技能和能力。如果你对某一主题缺乏了解，也很难帮助他人)”可知，在教授他人计算机技能，如硬技能时，该策略可能无效。故选C项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“One study shws that it can snwball int impster syndrme, which can arise when individuals feel their success is undeserved and fear being expsed as a fake. Unfrtunately, faking it till yu make it can exacerbate that syndrme, leading t avidance and negative impacts n prductivity and well-being.(一项研究表明，这种情况可能会像滚雪球一样发展成冒名顶替综合征。当人们认为自己的成功名不副实，并害怕被当作冒牌货曝光时，这种综合征就会出现。不幸的是，“假装成功直到真的成功” 的做法可能会exacerbate这种综合征，导致人们产生回避心理，并对生产力和幸福感产生负面影响)”可知，画线词所在句承接前文“引发冒名顶替综合征”，导致人们产生回避心理，并对生产力和幸福感产生负面影响。由此可知，此处进一步说明该策略会“恶化”这一症状，所以，画线单词的意思与“恶化”意义相近。故选A项
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Fake it till yu make it”can be a useful apprach fr sme, while it can als cntribute t impster syndrme fr thers.”(“假装成功直到真的成功”对某些人来说是有用的方法，而对另一些人来说则可能引发冒名顶替综合征)可知，作者认为这一策略既有积极一面，也有消极影响，持客观辩证的态度。故选A项。
Passage 15
（2025·湖南长沙第一中学·一模）After spending many years studying the effects f lightning n rainfrests, Evan Gra, a frest eclgist at the Cary Institute f Ecsystem Studies, began wndering whether trees culd nt nly survive this usually deadly event but als actually get sme kind f advantage frm it.
T find ut, he and his clleagues spent several years fllwing the cases f 93 trees frm varius species in the rainfrest f central Panama when they were directly struck by lightning. Nine were frm a species knwn as the almendr, a frest giant native t Central and Suth America that can grw up t 165 feet tall. After the trees were struck, the researchers cntinued t mnitr the nes that survived the shck, checking their verall cnditin and nting whether the lightning killed neighbring trees and any parasitic vines (寄生藤蔓) grwing n them.
The results shwed that the almendr trees were very resistant t lightning and minimally damaged cmpared with almst all the ther tree species, which were severely damaged — 64 percent f the latter trees died within tw years f being struck. A few ther large species als survived the strikes and might have benefited as well, but lightning had nt struck enugh f these species fr the researchers t be certain.
Many f the trees that had surrunded the almendrs — cmpeting with the species fr water and nutrients — were killed by lightning that spread thrugh their branches after it hit the almendr trees. This left mre resurces and space fr the latter. Lightning strikes n the almendrs als reduced the average number f parasitic vines n a tree by 78 percent, by killing them. These vines climb n tp f the trees t “steal” light.
Equipped with data n lightning strike frequency and the trees’ survival rates after reaching a certain size, the team used cmputer mdels t estimate that a typical almendr is likely struck by lightning abut five times during its 300-year lifespan. The researchers fund that lightning strikes seem t be almst a necessity fr the trees. Withut the benefits the strikes bring, “they wuld nt live as lng,” Gra says.
12．Hw did the researchers study the effects f lightning n rainfrest trees mainly?
A．By measuring vine grwth rates.
B．By tracking struck trees fr years.
C．By cmparing multiple tree species.
D．By cunting annual lightning strikes.
13．Why did the researchers fcus n almendr trees in the study?
A．They grw tallest.
B．They attract mst vines.
C．They resist lightning best.
D．They are widely distributed.
14．Hw d lightning strikes help almendr trees live lnger?
A．By prviding sufficient light.
B．By remving cmpeting plants,
C．By strengthening tree branches.
D．By increasing nutrient absrptin.
15．What is the best title fr this passage?
A．Lightning's Rle in Rainfrest Eclgy
B．The Survival f Struck Rainfrest Trees
C．Why Sme Trees Lve Lightning Strike
D．Why Sme Trees Resistant t Lightning Strike
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究人员通过长期研究发现闪电对雨林中榄仁树的益处：它能移除竞争植物和寄生藤蔓，从而帮助这些树木获得更多资源、空间和光照，延长其寿命。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“T find ut, he and his clleagues spent several years fllwing the cases f 93 trees frm varius species in the rainfrest f central Panama when they were directly struck by lightning. Nine were frm a species knwn as the almendr, a frest giant native t Central and Suth America that can grw up t 165 feet tall. After the trees were struck, the researchers cntinued t mnitr the nes that survived the shck, checking their verall cnditin and nting whether the lightning killed neighbring trees and any parasitic vines (寄生藤蔓) grwing n them.(为了找到答案，他和他的同事花了几年时间追踪巴拿马中部雨林中93棵不同物种的树木被闪电直接击中的情况。其中9棵来自一种名为榄仁的物种，这是一种原产于中美洲和南美洲的森林巨人，可以长到165英尺高。树木被击中后，研究人员继续监测那些在电击中幸存下来的树木，检查它们的整体状况，并注意闪电是否杀死了邻近的树木和生长在它们身上的任何寄生藤蔓。)”可知，研究人员在树木被闪电击中后，持续多年跟踪观察了93棵树的存活情况，记录它们的整体状况以及闪电对周围树木和寄生藤蔓的影响。因此，研究方法主要是长期跟踪被闪电击中的树木。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“The results shwed that the almendr trees were very resistant t lightning and minimally damaged cmpared with almst all the ther tree species, which were severely damaged — 64 percent f the latter trees died within tw years f being struck. (结果表明，与几乎所有其他严重受损的树种相比，榄仁树对闪电的抵抗力很强，受损程度很小——其他树种中有64%的树木在遭受雷击后两年内死亡。)”可知，榄仁树对闪电的抵抗力很强，与其他树种相比受损最小，而其他树种大多严重受损甚至死亡。因此，研究人员重点关注 榄仁树是因为它们对闪电的抵抗力最强。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Many f the trees that had surrunded the almendrs — cmpeting with the species fr water and nutrients — were killed by lightning that spread thrugh their branches after it hit the almendr trees. This left mre resurces and space fr the latter. Lightning strikes n the almendrs als reduced the average number f parasitic vines n a tree by 78 percent, by killing them. These vines climb n tp f the trees t “steal” light.(许多包围着棕榈树的树木——与该物种争夺水和营养——在击中棕榈树后，被闪电击中树枝而死亡。这为后者留下了更多的资源和空间。对榄仁树的雷击也使树上寄生藤蔓的平均数量减少了78%，杀死了它们。这些藤蔓爬到树顶上“偷”光。)”可知，闪电会杀死 榄仁树周围的竞争树种和寄生藤蔓，从而减少资源竞争，为榄仁树提供更多生存空间和养分。因此，闪电通过清除榄仁树的竞争植物帮助其延长寿命。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第五段“Withut the benefits the strikes bring, “they wuld nt live as lng,” Gra says.(Gra说，如果没有闪电带来的好处，“它们不会活那么久”。)”文章主要探讨某些树种(尤其是 almendr树)不仅能抵抗闪电，还能从中受益(如清除竞争者)，从而提高生存几率。选项 C“为什么有些树喜欢闪电雷击”最贴合主旨，适合用作标题。故选C。
Passage 16
Passage 17
（2025·山东省实验中学·二次模拟）Chclate is a ppular snack, but the price f it cntinues t rise. Cca frm the caca tree is the basic ingredient f chclate; the trees thrive in warm and damp climates but are struggling due t increasing aridity — a slw but nn-stp drying f the land. This issue extends t prducers arund the glbe, threatening cca prductin and livelihds f farmers.
Over the past 30 years, mre than three-quarters f the Earth’s landmass has becme drier. This dryness is a lng-term transfrmatin with disastrus cnsequences fr ecsystems, agriculture, and livelihds.
Aridity arises frm human-driven factrs, including greenhuse gas emissins, unsustainable land use, and natural resurce degradatin. Climate change, primarily caused by fssil fuel cnsumptin and defrestatin, increases glbal temperatures, accelerating evapratin (蒸发) and heightening water shrtage — even in regins with mderate rainfall.
Unsustainable land use further intensifies aridity. Practices like defrestatin and industrial farming degrade sils, remving them frm prtective vegetatin and essential nutrients. In cca-prducing regins, defrestatin upsets lcal water cycles and wears away the tpsil. Degraded sils hld less water, deepening drught cnditins.
Cca is just ne crp at risk. Majr agricultural znes are als affected. By 2100, up t 5 billin peple may live in dry lands, stretching fd systems t their limit and frcing migratin. Aridity als threatens ecsystems. Wildlife struggles t adapt, and plant species suited t warm and damp cnditins fail t survive. Ecnmic lsses are verwhelming — Africa saw a 12% GDP decline frm 1990 t 2015 due t rising aridity. Gvernments face additinal burdens frm sandstrms, wildfires, and water shrtages.
While aridity’s effects are severe, they are nt entirely changeless. Restring degraded lands, imprving sil health, and adpting sustainable farming practices can help. Efficient water management, investment in renewable energy, and internatinal cperatin are essential in battling aridity.
As chclate prices hit recrd highs in early 2025 due t dry cnditins in Africa, addressing aridity is a matter f urgency. Beynd saving chclate, it’s abut preserving the planet’s ability t sustain life.
28．What’s the main reasn fr the rising price f chclate?
A．The decline f cca prductin.B．The high cst f basic ingredients.
C．The increasing demand fr chclate.D．The shrtage f cca tree plantatins.
29．What d we knw abut aridity?
A．It is mainly caused by natural factrs.
B．It nly affects cca-prducing regins.
C．It has a wide-ranging impact n varius aspects.
D．It will disappear if sustainable land use is adpted.
30．Why is Africa’s GDP decline mentined in paragraph 5?
A．T shw aridity nly causes ecnmic lsses in Africa.
B．T prve Africa is the mst severely affected by aridity.
C．T criticize Africa lacks effective measures against aridity.
D．T illustrate aridity has a significant influence n ecnmy.
31．Which f the fllwing can fight against aridity?
A．Cutting ff water supplies.B．Replacing renewable energy.
C．Prmting sil cnservatin.D．Practicing industrial farming.
【答案】28．A 29．C 30．D 31．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了全球干旱化加剧对可可种植、农业生产及生态系统的威胁，并导致巧克力价格上涨。但干旱化不仅是巧克力危机，也同时威胁农业、生态和经济。土地修复，可持续农业，资源管理以及国际合作是对抗干旱的有效措施。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“… the trees thrive in warm and damp climates but are struggling due t increasing aridity—a slw but nn-stp drying f the land. This issue extends t prducers arund the glbe, threatening cca prductin and livelihds f farmers.(……可可树在温暖潮湿的气候中生长旺盛，但由于土地逐渐变得干旱，它们的生长状况正面临困境。这一问题波及全球的生产者，威胁着可可的产量以及农民的生计。)”可知，土地逐渐变得干旱使得巧克力的原料来源可可树的生长状况面临困境，从而导致可可的产量减少，最终导致巧克力价格上涨。故选A项。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“This dryness is a lng-term transfrmatin with disastrus cnsequences fr ecsystems, agriculture, and livelihds.(这种干旱是一种长期的转变，对生态系统、农业和生计造成灾难性后果。)”可知，干旱的影响不仅限于单一区域或作物，而是广泛涉及生态、农业、经济等多方面。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“Ecnmic lsses are verwhelming—Africa saw a 12%GDP decline frm 1990 t 2015 due t rising aridity. (经济损失极为严重——自1990年至2015年，非洲的国内生产总值下降了 12%，原因是干旱加剧。)”可知，导致非洲的国内生产总值下降的原因之一是干旱加剧，由此推知，作者以非洲为例是为了说明干旱对经济的显著影响。故选D项。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“Restring degraded lands, imprving sil health, and adpting sustainable farming practices can help. Efficient water management, investment in renewable energy, and internatinal cperatin are essential in battling aridity.(恢复退化的土地、改善土壤质量以及采用可持续的耕作方式都有助于缓解干旱问题。有效的水资源管理、对可再生能源的投资以及国际间的合作对于对抗干旱至关重要。)”可知，缓解或对抗干旱问题的方式有恢复退化的土地，改善土壤质量，采用可持续的耕作方式，进行有效的水资源管理，对可再生能源投资以及国际合作。因此可知，选项C“Prmting sil cnservatin.(促进土壤保护。)”是对抗干旱的措施。故选C项。
Passage 18
（2025·山东省实验中学·二次模拟）Fr smething designed t streamline cmmunicatin, crprate jargn (行话) ften des the ppsite—leaving many emplyees cnfused and excluded.
A survey f mre than 8,000 wrking prfessinals acrss eight cuntries fund that 58 percent feel their fellw emplyees veruse jargn. If given the pprtunity, nearly half f them wuld remve its usage since interpreting their meanings “causes stress and slws dwn prductivity”.
Yet, we keep using it. Then why des it cntinue t exist?
“Language isn’t just abut sharing infrmatin. It’s scial,” said Daria Bahtina, a lecturer frm the University f Califrnia Ls Angeles. “When we speak, we’re perfrming relatinships, identities, and psitins,” she explained. This isn’t limited t managers r crprate departments. Bahtina nted specialized language pps up wherever peple gather, fr example, in a team f sftware engineers, r even a neighbrhd bk club after their third bttle f wine.
In additin, jargn is a means f exclusiveness. “Shared jargn can develp a sense f identity and cmmunity,” said Eric Anicich, assciate prfessr at the USC’s Marshall Schl f Business. Anicich and his team cnducted research that shws hw ffice jargn is emplyed t draw invisible lines between insiders and utsiders. Accrding t their findings, lwer-status individuals are mre likely t use jargn in evaluative situatins—nt t clarify their message but t signal intelligence and cmpetence.
S, where d we g frm here? When asked abut his psitin n jargn, Anicich replied, “Jargn is used as a tl—it’s nt naturally gd nr bad, s it depends n hw and when yu use it.”
In fact, jargn is integrated int everyday life in ways we barely ntice. Bahtina mentins hw fans f medical dramas wh have never set ft in a hspital can still understand phrases like “cde blue”. “This desn’t mean that they can perfrm surgery; it shws hw jargn can flw beynd its rigin and becme part f everyday speech,” she says.
Rather than ging t extremes, experts agree that it’s best t questin whether jargn is being used apprpriately. If ur vcabulary is building walls instead f bridges, it may be time t circle back—and rethink hw we speak at wrk.
32．Why wuld emplyees stp using jargn if pssible?
A．They find it less helpful.B．They think it is used t ften.
C．They prefer diverse expressins.D．They intend t expand its meanings.
33．Wh is mre likely t use jargn accrding t the text?
A．A friend in the bar.B．An emplyer n vacatin.
C．A custmer ver the phne.D．An applicant in an interview.
34．What is Eric Anicich’s attitude tward jargn?
A．Appreciative.B．Unprejudiced.C．Disapprving.D．Indefinite.
35．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Jargn: hated but usedB．Applying jargn, raising dubt
C．Jargn: a universal deviceD．Using jargn, building bridges
【答案】32．A 33．D 34．B 35．A
【导语】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了企业行话本为简化沟通，却常让员工困惑。调查显示超半数人觉同事过度用行话，近半人想摒弃。专家解析行话用于社交、划分群体等，它是工具，好坏看怎么用，已融入日常。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Fr smething designed t streamline cmmunicatin, crprate jargn (行话) ften des the ppsite—leaving many emplyees cnfused and excluded.(对于一些旨在简化沟通的东西，公司术语往往适得其反，让许多员工感到困惑和排斥)”以及第二段“A survey f mre than 8,000 wrking prfessinals acrss eight cuntries fund that 55 percent feel their fellw emplyees veruse jargn. If given the pprtunity, nearly half f them wuld remve it t stp interfering with their meaning...(一项来自八个国家的8000多名专业人士的调查发现55%的人觉得他们的同事过度使用术语。如果有机会，近一半的人会把它拿掉，以免干扰他们的意思)”可知，行话本应简化沟通，实际却让员工困惑、被排除在外，调查里近半员工想摒弃行话，说明他们觉得行话没帮助，故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据第四段“Bahtina nted specialized language pps up wherever peple gather, fr example, in a team f sftware engineers, r even a neighbrhd bk club after their third bttle f wine.(巴赫蒂娜指出，只要人们聚集在一起，就会出现专门的语言，例如，在软件工程师团队中，甚至是在他们喝完第三瓶葡萄酒后的社区读书俱乐部）”以及第五段“lwer-status individuals are mre likely t use jargn in evaluative situatins...(地位较低的人更有可能在评估的情况下使用行话)”可知，行话在人群聚集处出现，像工程师团队、读书俱乐部这类群体场景，以及低地位个体在评估场景下使用。D选项（An applicant in an interview ）面试者处于评估场景，符合低地位个体在评估场景用行话情况 。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据第六段“Jargn is used as a tl—it's nt naturally gd nr bad, s it depends n hw and when yu use it.（行话是作为一种工具来使用的——它没有天生的好坏之分，所以它取决于你如何以及何时使用它)”可知，Eric Anicich 认为行话是工具，本身无好坏，取决于使用方式，这种态度是客观的（Unprejudiced ），故选B。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕行话展开，讲了行话存在让员工困惑等问题但仍被使用，如第一段说行话违背简化沟通初衷，却仍存在；后面讲行话在各种场景出现、不同人对其的看法等 。由此可知，A选项“Jargn: hated but used(行话：遭厌恶但被使用)”能概括文章大意，故选A。
Passage 19
（2025·广东深圳·5月高考适应性考试）If yu’re digitally skilled, it has likely been a while since yu spent much time writing by hand. The labrius prcess f tracing ut ur thughts, letter by letter, n the page is becming a thing f the past in ur screen-dminated wrld, where text messages and thumb-typed grcery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky ntes. T keep up, many schls are intrducing cmputers as early as preschl, meaning sme kids may learn the basics f typing befre writing by hand. Althugh electrnic keybards ffer bvius efficiency benefits, giving up handwriting may cme at a significant cst.
Typing pays n attentin t the frm f the letters — nly invlving relatively simple and unifrm mvements. By cntrast, handwriting is a cmplex task. Mtr system has t delicately adjust the pressure that each finger applies n the pen t recreate each letter. Adding t the cmplexity, yur visual system must cntinuusly prcess that letter as it’s frmed, with yur brain making adjustments t fingers in real time t create the letters’ shapes. “This prcess lets yu make yur bdy and what yu are seeing mesh (匹配).” says Rbert Wiley, a cgnitive psychlgist at the University f Nrth Carlina, adding “such cmplexity is crucial t mental develpment.”
Screens and keybards replacing pen and paper might affect kids’ ability t learn letters, which is actually an imprtant predictr f later reading and math attainment. If yung children are nt receiving any handwriting training, their brains simply wn’t reach their full ptential. Fr adults, typing ften results in failing t actually prcess infrmatin. During a lecture, it’s pssible t type what they’re hearing wrd fr wrd. But ften, they’re just typing blindly, failing t make infrmatin their wn. On the ther hand, taking ntes by hand frces them t write nly key wrds and use drawings r arrws t wrk thrugh ideas.
Actually, we dn’t have t drp digital tls, like graphics tablets and smart pens, t capitalize n the pwer f handwriting. Recent research suggests that writing n a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing n paper. It’s the mvement that cunts, nt its final frm.
8．What des the authr mainly cnvey in paragraph 1?
A．Abandning handwriting is unwise.B．Digital literacy is ignred nwadays.
C．Handwritten cmmunicatin is ut f date.D．Cmputer curses are unusual in preschls.
9．Why is handwriting cnsidered a cmplex task?
A．It demands high creativity in designing each letter.
B．It invlves precise finger pressure and visual adjustment.
C．It relies entirely n visual prcessing t shape the letters.
D．It requires cnsistent pressure frm the fingers t frm letters.
10．What can be inferred frm paragraph 3?
A．Blind typing cntributes t brain develpment.
B．Kids have a preference fr screens and keybards.
C．Handwritten markers are gd fr getting ideas linked.
D．Adults have the ability t memrize cmplex infrmatin.
11．What is the authr’s attitude twards using digital pens?
A．Dubtful.B．Unclear.C．Critical.D．Favurable.
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．C 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了手写对大脑发育有益，解释了背后的原因以及作者对智能笔的态度。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“If yu’re digitally skilled, it has likely been a while since yu spent much time writing by hand. The labrius prcess f tracing ut ur thughts, letter by letter, n the page is becming a thing f the past in ur screen-dminated wrld, where text messages and thumb-typed grcery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky ntes. T keep up, many schls are intrducing cmputers as early as preschl, meaning sme kids may learn the basics f typing befre writing by hand. Althugh electrnic keybards ffer bvius efficiency benefits, giving up handwriting may cme at a significant cst.(如果你具备一定的数字操作能力，那么很可能你已经很久没有花太多时间亲手书写了。在我们这个以屏幕为主导的世界里，逐字逐句地在纸上勾勒出我们的想法这一费力的过程正在逐渐成为过去式。在这里，短信和拇指敲出的购物清单已经取代了手写的信件和便签纸。为了跟上时代步伐，许多学校早在幼儿园阶段就开始引入电脑教学，这意味着一些孩子可能会在学习手写之前就先掌握打字的基本技能。尽管电子键盘有着明显的效率优势，但放弃手写可能会带来巨大的代价)”可知，作者在第1段想表达放弃手写是不明智的。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“By cntrast, handwriting is a cmplex task. Mtr system has t delicately adjust the pressure that each finger applies n the pen t recreate each letter.(相比之下，书写是一项复杂的任务。运动系统需要精确地控制每个手指在笔上的施压力度，以书写出每一个字母)”可知，书写被认为是一项复杂的任务是因为它需要精确的指压以及视觉上的调整。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Fr adults, typing ften results in failing t actually prcess infrmatin. During a lecture, it’s pssible t type what they’re hearing wrd fr wrd. But ften, they’re just typing blindly, failing t make infrmatin their wn. On the ther hand, taking ntes by hand frces them t write nly key wrds and use drawings r arrws t wrk thrugh ideas.(对于成年人而言，打字往往会导致他们无法真正理解所接收的信息。在听讲座时，有些人可能会逐字地打下所听到的内容。但通常情况下，他们只是盲目地打字，未能真正将这些信息内化。另一方面，手写笔记则迫使他们只写下关键词汇，并通过绘制图形或使用箭头来阐述观点)”可知，手写笔记有助于把想法联系起来。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Actually, we dn’t have t drp digital tls, like graphics tablets and smart pens, t capitalize n the pwer f handwriting. Recent research suggests that writing n a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing n paper. It’s the mvement that cunts, nt its final frm.(实际上，我们无需摒弃诸如绘图板和智能笔这类数字工具，就能充分发挥手写的优势。最近的研究表明，在屏幕上书写与在纸上书写所激活的大脑路径是相同的。关键在于书写动作本身，而非最终的书写形式)”可知，作者对使用数字笔的态度是支持。故选D。
Passage 20
（2025·广东深圳·5月高考适应性考试）What d yu d as spring sets in? Taking ff yur warm winter cat, and putting it away? Fr humans, taking ff winter cats is a ne-minute task. As it turns ut, nt all animals are s capable.
Snwshe rabbits live in the muntain ranges f Nrth America, and have a pure white cat during the wintertime t match the snwy surrundings and t help avid being caught. And they take ff winter cats fr a darker brwn fur clur t match the dirt and leaves after the snw melts in the spring. Sunds like a great way t escape frm their natural enemies, right? Hwever, cncern begins when scientists begin lking at hw the warming climate will impact the rabbits.
There are mre and mre white rabbits in the middle f a brwn habitat, where the snw has already melted away. This is a prblem fr them, as they are mre easily seen by their natural enemies, giving them a “mismatch” prblem. Snwshe rabbits time the cat change in spring frm white t brwn based n the change in day length, nt the temperature r the presence f snw in their habitat. Nwadays, the snw is melting a week n average befre the change in day length signals the change in cat clur, leaving the rabbits expsed t their natural enemies.
Sme predictins put the rabbits in up t 8 weeks f a white cat in a brwn, snwless habitat by the end f this century. This timeline culd spell dm fr their ppulatins, as their natural enemies will have nearly tw mnths f easily sptting them.
Frtunately, scientists have fund areas with snwshe rabbits in clur frm white t brwn in the same place, meaning the timing f the cat change can be influenced by the envirnment. Snwshe rabbits reprduce quickly, and if the clur change timing is passed dwn then it is pssible fr rabbits t change cats accrdingly. By prtecting areas with variable nes, we can give snwshe rabbits the pprtunity t adapt t the changing climate.
12．Why des the authr mentin humans’ taking ff winter cats?
A．T imply the cleverness f humans.
B．T stress the influence f climate change.
C．T lead t the prblem f snwshe rabbits.
D．T shw the bnd between humans and animals.
13．What has made scientists wrry abut snwshe rabbits?
A．They are active in freezing winter.
B．They fail t keep their white clur.
C．They can’t get rid f white fur when snw melts.
D．They are easily caught by hunters n snwy days.
14．What can be inferred frm the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?
A．Mre rabbits will be killed.
B．Rabbits’ enemies are strnger.
C．The rabbit ppulatin will explde.
D．The rabbits may die ut in the near future.
15．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Snwshe Rabbits: Masters f Cat Change.
B．Snwshe Rabbits: Survivrs f Illegal Hunting.
C．Snwshe Rabbits: Victims f Climate Mismatch.
D．Snwshe Rabbits: Witnesses f Natural Selectin.
【答案】12．C 13．C 14．A 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文通过对比人类换衣与雪靴兔换毛的差异，说明气候变化导致雪靴兔因毛色与环境不匹配而面临生存危机，并探讨其可能的适应机制。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Fr humans, taking ff winter cats is a ne-minute task. As it turns ut, nt all animals are s capable.(对人类来说，脱下冬衣是一分钟的事。事实证明，并非所有动物都有这种能力。)”和第二段“And they take ff winter cats fr a darker brwn fur clur t match the dirt and leaves after the snw melts in the spring.(春天雪融化后，它们脱下冬衣，换上深棕色的皮毛，与泥土和树叶相匹配。)”可知，作者提到了人类脱掉冬衣是为了引出雪鞋兔换毛的问题。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Snwshe rabbits time the cat change in spring frm white t brwn based n the change in day length, nt the temperature r the presence f snw in their habitat. Nwadays, the snw is melting a week n average befre the change in day length signals the change in cat clur, leaving the rabbits expsed t their natural enemies.(在春天，雪鞋兔的皮毛会根据白天长度的变化从白色变成棕色，而不是根据它们栖息地的温度或积雪情况。如今，雪平均融化一周后，白天长度的变化就会标志着毛色的变化，这让兔子暴露在它们的天敌面前。)”可知，让科学家担心的是当雪融化时，雪鞋兔无法摆脱白色的皮毛。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第四段划线部分后文“as their natural enemies will have nearly tw mnths f easily sptting them.(因为它们的天敌有近两个月的时间可以轻易发现它们。)”可知，容易被天敌发现就说明更多的兔子会被杀死。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。分析全文内容，尤其根据第二段“Snwshe rabbits live in the muntain ranges f Nrth America, and have a pure white cat during the wintertime t match the snwy surrundings and t help avid being caught. And they take ff winter cats fr a darker brwn fur clur t match the dirt and leaves after the snw melts in the spring. Sunds like a great way t escape frm their natural enemies, right? Hwever, cncern begins when scientists begin lking at hw the warming climate will impact the rabbits.(雪鞋兔生活在北美的山脉中，在冬天，它们有一层纯白色的皮毛，以适应下雪的环境，并帮助避免被抓住。春天雪融化后，它们脱下冬衣，换上深棕色的皮毛，与泥土和树叶相匹配。听起来像是逃离天敌的好方法，对吧？然而，当科学家开始研究气候变暖将如何影响兔子时，担忧就开始了。)”可知，本文主要说明气候变化导致雪靴兔因毛色与环境不匹配而面临生存危机，并探讨其可能的适应机制，所以C选项“雪鞋兔：气候不匹配的受害者。”适合用作文章标题。故选C项。