【二轮专题】第12讲名词性从句-高考英语语法精讲课件

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Q: 名词性从句是什么?A: 在复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Nminal Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。所有的名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。
考点1：名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词可分为三类：1. 连词此类连词包括 that，whether (是否)，if (是否)，as if (好像，似乎)，as thugh (好像，似乎) 等。其中 that 只起连接作用，没有任何实际语义，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略；whether 与 if 均为“是否”的意思，在引导宾语从句时 if 和 whether 可以互换，但在下列情况下，只能用 whether，不能用 if：(1) 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时。Whether we will g t Shanghai has nt been decided.我们去不去上海还没有定。(whether 引导主语从句)What cncerns him mst is whether he can meet Miss Elizabeth.他最关心的是能否见到伊丽莎白小姐。(whether引导表语从句)
He must answer the questin1Wwhether he agrees with it r nt.他必须回答关于他是否同意(这件事)的提问。 (whether引导同位语从句)(2) 从句作介词宾语时。It depends n whether it will be fine tmrrw. 那得看明天是不是晴天。(3) 直接与r nt 连用时。I dn't knw whether r nt he will cme. 我不知道他是不是会来。(4) 与不定式连用时。I dn’t knw whether t g there at nce. 我不知道是不是该立刻去那里。
2. 连接代词此类连接代词包括what，whatever，wh，whever，whm，whse，which 等。除了whse 充当定语之外，其他在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。(1) what 是一个十分重要的名词性从句引导词，它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示”…所...的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。Peple have heard what the President has said; they are waiting t see what he will d.人们已经听到了总统所说的；他们正等着看总统会做什么。I dn't knwwhat0yu want. (=I dn’t knw the thing that yu want.)我不知道你要什么。
(2) whatever，whever，whichever 也可引导名词性从句，其含义分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、“的任何人或物”。Whatever he said was always right. (=Anything that he said was always right.)他所说的往往都是对的。(引导主语从句)Tell whever yu like—it makes n difference t me.你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁吧，对我是无所谓的。注意whatever，whever，whichever 除了用于引导名词性从句外，还可用于引导状语从句，分别相当于：n matter what，n matter wh，n matter which。3. 连接副词此类连接副词包括when，where，hw，why等，在从句中作状语。Why he did it will remain a puzzle frever. 他为什么那么做将永远是一个谜。
考点2：主语从句(1) 主语从句通常由 that 和 whether 或其他连接代词或连接副词连接。主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词用单数。What I want t knw is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。Whether we'll hld a meeting is nt decided. 我们是否要开一个会还未定。what引导的主语从句，表示“...所…的(东西)”，在结构上等于一个名词加一个定语从句；whatever 表示“所…的一切”；whever 表示“一切…的人”What he says (=Anything that he says) is nt imprtant. 他说的话并不重要。Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 在这里说的一切必须保密。
(2) 主语从句通常用 it 作形式主语。it 作形式主语的 that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系，其重要句型归纳如下：① It + be + 形容词 + that - 从句It is necessary (imprtant, natural, strange, etc.) …是必要的(重要的、自然而然的、奇怪的…)It is necessary that... 有必要…It is imprtant that... 重要的是…It is bvius that...很明显…② It+be+-ed分词+ that- 从句It is suggested (requested，prpsed，etc.) that...据建议(要求、提议等)…It is believed that... 人们相信…It is knwn t all that... 众所周知…It has been decided that... 已决定…
③ It + be +名词 + that- 从句It is a pity (a shame， n wnder， etc.) that...很遗憾(羞愧、难怪等)…It is cmmn knwledge that...是常识It is a surprise that... 令人惊奇的是…It is a fact that... 事实是…④ It+不及物动词 + that-从句It appears that… 似乎…It happens that… 碰巧…It ccurred t me that... 我突然想起…注意由 what，whatever，whever 引导的主语从句一般不用形式主语 it。
考点3：宾语从句 宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词结构的宾语。宾语从句通常由连词 that 和 whether/if、连接代词或连接副词引导。1. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分Culd yu tell me when the train will leave? 你能告诉我火车何时出发吗？2. 宾语从句的时态主句时态是一般现在时，从句时态根据实际情况使用。主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。The headmaster hpes everything ges well. 校长希望一切进展顺利。She was srry that she hadn't finished her wrk n time. 她为没有按时完成作业感到抱歉。The teacher tld his class that light travels faster than sund.那位老师告诉他的学生光比声音传播的速度快。
3. 连接词thatthat 引导宾语从句在句中无实际语义，且不充当句子成分，多数情况下可以省略。但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的 that 不可省。He has tld me (that) he will g t Shanghai tmrrw.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。He said (that) yu were t yung t understand the matter and that he was asked nt t tell yu. 他说你太小，还不懂这件事情，而且他也被要求不准告诉你。注意①在 demand，rder，suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，cmmand，dubt 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等语义的动词后，宾语从句要用虚拟语气，常用“(shuld)+动词原形”的形式。②当主句谓语动词是 think， believe， suppse，expect 等词，而宾语从句是否定含义时，常把否定转移至主句来表示。I dn’t think it is right fr him t treat yu like that. 我认为他如此对你是不合适的。
4. 连接词 whether 和 if在宾语从句中 whether 与 if 可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用 whether：①在带 t 的不定式前；②在介词的后面；③直接与 r nt 连用时。5. 形式宾语it宾语从句太长，可以用形式宾语 it 代替。① 动词 find，feel，cnsider，make，believe 等后面有宾语补足语的时候，需要用 it 作形式宾语，而将 that 宾语从句后置。若宾语从句是 wh- 类，则不可用 it 代替。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries every day. 我每天写日记成了习惯。We all find it imprtant that we (shuld) make a quick decisin abut this matter.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。
②enjy，like，dislike，lve，hate，prefer，appreciate 等动词后接 that 从句，if 从句或when 引导的从句，通常应先在动词后接 it 作形式宾语。Yu can put it that it was arranged befre. 你可以说这是以前安排的。He hates it when peple use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。I wuld appreciate it very much if yu wuld help me with it.如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。
考点4：表语从句表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。除 that，whether 和疑问词外，as if， as thugh，because 也可引导表语从句。The questin is whether she can speak English. 问题在于她是否会说英语。That is what we need. 那正是我们所需要的。It lked as if it was ging t rain. 似乎要下雨了。注意①why 与 because 均可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调原因。I had a cld. That’s why I didn’t cme. 我感冒了，所以我没有来。I didn’t cme. That’s because I had a cld. 我没有来，因为我感冒了。②主句的主语是 reasn 时，表语从句要用 that，不能用 because。The reasn why we didn't g was that we were ntified t late.我们没有去的原因是我们得到通知太晚了。
考点5：同位语从句1. 同位语从句的用法同位语从句用于对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由 that 引导，但也可以由 whether 以及连接代词和连接副词引导。一般跟在名词 fact，hpe， idea，news，dubt，suggestin，infrmatin，pinin，decisin，discvery，truth，prmise，statement，prblem，rule 等名词后面。The news that we are having a hliday tmrrw is nt true. 我们明天放假的消息不实。The questin whether it is right r wrng depends n the result.这个问题是对还是错要看结果。Have yu any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗？
注意①引导同位语从句的连词 that 通常不省略。②在某些名词 demand， wish， suggestin， reslutin 等后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“shuld+动词原形”的形式，shuld 可省略。The suggestin that the new rule (shuld) be adpted came frm the chairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。③有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。The news gt abut that he had wn a car in the lttery.他中彩得了一辆汽车的消息传开了。
2. that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别在同位语从句中 that 只起连接主句和从句的作用，无意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，般不可省略。在定语从句中，that 指代先行词，在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当某个句子成分，在作宾语时通常可省略。They were all shcked at the news that Germany had declared war n Russia.他们都对德国向俄国宣战的消息感到震惊。(同位语从句，that 只起引导作用，在句中不充当任何成分。)They were all shcked at the news that was annunced n the radi.听到收音机里宣布的消息，他们都很震惊。(定语从句，that 在从句中作主语，若省略 that，句子成分不完整。)The news (that) we heard spread all ver the schl campus.的消息传遍了校园。(定语从句)The news that Mr. Li will be ur new English teacher is true.李老师将成为我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句)
1. 【2025年新高考全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空】题目：The truth is ________ the rapid develpment f AI technlgy has fundamentally changed ur daily rutines.答案与解析：✅ that表语从句，解释主语"The truth"的具体内容，从句结构完整（主谓宾齐全），仅需无实义的连接词that引导。
2. 【2025年新高考全国Ⅱ卷·语法填空】题目：Scientists have fund evidence ________ sme birds can recgnize themselves in mirrrs, indicating advanced self-awareness.答案与解析：✅ that同位语从句，补充说明抽象名词"evidence"的内容，从句成分完整，用that连接。
3. 【2025年北京市海淀区一模·单项填空】题目：The key questin is ________ we can reduce plastic pllutin withut affecting industrial prductin.答案与解析：✅ whether/hw表语从句中缺少“是否”或“如何”的含义，且从句缺方式状语。若强调方法选hw，强调选择用whether。
4. 【2025年浙江省名校协作体三模·语法填空】题目：________ impressed the judges mst was the creative use f traditinal elements in his digital artwrk.答案与解析：✅ What主语从句缺主语（指“事物”），且从句谓语"impressed"需宾语，填what表示“令评委最印象深刻的东西”。
5. 【2025年江苏省苏锡常镇一模·单项填空】题目：Many experts dubt ________ the new energy plicy will achieve its gals in such a shrt time.答案与解析：✅ whether宾语从句中，动词"dubt"用于肯定句时，后接whether表不确定（否定句用that）。句意强调“是否达成目标”。
6. 【2025年四川省成都七中三模·语法填空】题目：The villagers shared stries abut ________ their ancestrs had survived the natural disaster centuries ag.答案与解析：✅ hw介词abut后接宾语从句，从句缺方式状语（“如何幸存”），填hw。
7. 【2025年湖北省黄冈中学二模·单项填空】题目：________ the cnference will be held nline r in persn remains unknwn.答案与解析：✅ Whether主语从句位于句首且含“r”选项，必须用whether（不可用if）。
8. 【2025年广东省深圳市二模·语法填空】题目：We must cnsider ________ it is wrth investing s much mney in a prject with uncertain utcmes.答案与解析：✅ whether宾语从句缺“是否”含义，且cnsider后常接whether表评估。
9. 【2025年东北三省三校一模·语法填空】题目：The reasn why he resigned is ________ he disagreed with the cmpany’s ethical principles.答案与解析：✅ that表语从句解释"reasn"的具体原因，结构完整用that。固定句式"The reasn... is that..."。
10. 【2025年天津市南开区三模·单项填空】题目：________ the ancient temple was riginally built has puzzled histrians fr decades.答案与解析：✅ When/Hw主语从句缺时间状语（何时建）或方式状语（如何建），根据句意选填。
1. 基础策略：熟记连接词功能（如缺主语填what/wh；缺状语填hw/where；句意完整填that）。掌握固定搭配（dubt + whether（肯定句）；sure + that（肯定句）；The reasn is that）。2. 能力提升：长难句拆分训练：识别主从句主干（如分隔式同位语从句）。易错点对比练习：如whether（主语从句） vs if（宾语从句）；what（缺成分） vs that（成分完整）。
一、单句改错（仅限1处）1. The reasn why he was late was because he had taken a wrng bus.2. He said that he culdn’t tell yu right away and yu wuldn’t understand.3. I hate if yu say such thing in public.4. He was interested in all what he had seen at the exhibitin.5. It is a pity she has made such a mistake.
名词性从句综合巩固练习
二、在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1. Peple were perhaps mre hnest a lng time ag when life was very different frm _______ it is tday.2. Nbdy knws _________ it will rain tmrrw. ______ it rains, we'll stay at hme.3. Yu are saying that everyne shuld be equal, and this is _________ I agree.4. _______ made the schl prud was ______ mre than 90% f the students had been admitted t key universities.
5. ①______ we knw, the ver-use f fssil fuels, such as cal and il, has caused serius envirnmental prblems. ②______ is knwn that the ver-use f fssil fuels, such as cal and il, has caused serius envirnmental prblems. ③______ we knw is that the ver-use f fssil fuels, such as cal and il, has caused serius envirnmental prblems.6. It ___________ (reprt) that ver 300 millin peple in China are suffering frm nearsightedness.
7. ① The news ________ was tld t me is that Tm wuld g abrad next year. ② The news ________ Tm wuld g abrad is tld by him.8. The suggestin that a new bridge ___________ (build) was accepted.9. ①Anyne ______ gains the mst pints wins the cmpetitin. ②________ gains the mst pints wins the cmpetitin.10. It remains t be seen _________ it will d us harm r gd.
（shuld） be built
三、单项选择1. I just wnder _________ that makes him s excited. A. why it des B. what he des C. hw it is D. what it is2. With piles f wrk at hand, Jane dubts ________ she can pass the cming driving test. A. whether B. that C. hw D. why3. The mst pleasant thing f the rainy seasn is _______ ne can be entirely ut f dust. A. what B. that C. whether D. why4. The manager put frward a suggestin _______ we shuld have an assistant. There is t much wrk t d. A. whether B. that C. which D. what5. It is generally cnsidered unwise t give a child ________ he r she wants. A. hwever B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever